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  • Articles  (382)
  • Humans  (382)
  • 1985-1989  (382)
  • 1986  (382)
  • Medicine  (382)
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  • Articles  (382)
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  • 1985-1989  (382)
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  • 1
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    Lectin activation in Giardia lamblia by host protease: a novel host-parasite interaction (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: A lectin in Giardia lamblia was activated by secretions from the human duodenum, the environment where the parasite lives. Incubation of the secretions with trypsin inhibitors prevented the appearance of lectin activity, implicating proteases as the activating agent. Accordingly, lectin activation was also produced by crystalline trypsin and Pronase; other proteases tested were ineffective. When activated, the lectin agglutinated intestinal cells to which the parasite adheres in vivo. The lectin was most specific to mannose-6-phosphate and apparently was bound to the plasma membrane. Activation of a parasite lectin by a host protease represents a novel mechanism of host-parasite interaction and may contribute to the affinity of Giardia lamblia to the infection site.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lev, B -- Ward, H -- Keusch, G T -- Pereira, M E -- P-1-P30-AM 39428-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3513312" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agglutination ; Animals ; Duodenum/enzymology/parasitology ; Giardia/*metabolism ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Humans ; Intestine, Small/enzymology/*parasitology ; Lectins/*metabolism ; Mice ; Peptide Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Sheep ; Species Specificity ; Trypsin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Research toward malaria vaccines (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-12
    Description: Malaria exacts a toll of disease to people in the Tropics that seems incomprehensible to those only familiar with medicine and human health in the developed world. The methods of molecular biology, immunology, and cell biology are now being used to develop an antimalarial vaccine. The Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria have many stages in their life cycle. Each stage is antigenically distinct and potentially could be interrupted by different vaccines. However, achieving complete protection by vaccination may require a better understanding of the complexities of B- and T-cell priming in natural infections and the development of an appropriate adjuvant for use in humans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, L H -- Howard, R J -- Carter, R -- Good, M F -- Nussenzweig, V -- Nussenzweig, R S -- P01-AI17429/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1349-56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2431481" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antigens, Protozoan/analysis ; Arthropod Vectors ; Epitopes/analysis ; Erythrocytes/parasitology ; Humans ; *Immunotherapy ; Malaria/immunology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Molecular Weight ; Mosquito Control ; Plasmodium/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology ; *Vaccines
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Defective sialic acid egress from isolated fibroblast lysosomes of patients with Salla disease (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-09
    Description: Normal fibroblasts exposed to N-acetylmannosamine yielded lysosome-rich granular fractions loaded with free (unbound) sialic acid, whose velocity of egress increased with increasing initial loading. Fibroblast granular fractions of patients with Salla disease exhibited negligible egress of sialic acid, whether endogenous or derived from N-acetylmannosamine exposure. Salla disease represents the first disorder demonstrated to be caused by defective transport of a monosaccharide out of cellular lysosomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Renlund, M -- Tietze, F -- Gahl, W A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 9;232(4751):759-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3961501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Fractionation ; Fibroblasts/drug effects/*metabolism ; Hexosamines/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lysosomes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors/*metabolism ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; Sialic Acids/analysis/*metabolism ; Subcellular Fractions/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Gonadotroph-specific expression of metallothionein fusion genes in pituitaries of transgenic mice (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: Transgenic mice expressing a metallothionein-somatostatin fusion gene contain high concentrations of somatostatin in the anterior pituitary gland, a tissue that does not normally produce somatostatin. Immunoreactive somatostatin within the anterior pituitaries was found exclusively within gonadotrophs. Similarly, a metallothionein-human growth-hormone fusion gene was also expressed selectively in gonadotrophs. It is proposed that sequences common to the two fusion genes are responsible for the gonadotroph-specific expression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Low, M J -- Lechan, R M -- Hammer, R E -- Brinster, R L -- Habener, J F -- Mandel, G -- Goodman, R H -- AM 01313/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 30457/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM 31400/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):1002-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2868526" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Genes ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism ; Metallothionein/*genetics ; Mice ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior/*metabolism ; Rats ; Somatostatin/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Existence of high abundance antiproliferative mRNA's in senescent human diploid fibroblasts (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-18
    Description: Polyadenylated RNA isolated from senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) inhibited DNA synthesis in proliferation-competent cells after microinjection, whereas polyadenylated RNA from young HDF had no inhibitory effect. Polyadenylated RNA from young cells made quiescent by removal of serum growth factors had a slight inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis. The abundance level of inhibitor messenger RNA (mRNA) from senescent cells was estimated at 0.8 and that of quiescent cells at 0.005 percent. These results demonstrate the existence of one or more antiproliferative mRNA's in nonproliferating normal human cells; these RNA's code for factors that either work antagonistically to initiators of DNA synthesis or regulate the expression of the initiators in some way. The abundance level of the inhibitory mRNA in senescent cells indicates the feasibility of developing a complementary DNA probe that will be useful in studying cell cycle control mechanisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lumpkin, C K Jr -- McClung, J K -- Pereira-Smith, O M -- Smith, J R -- AG-04749/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG-05333/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32-CA-09197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 18;232(4748):393-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2421407" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Cell Division/drug effects ; *Cell Survival ; DNA/biosynthesis ; Diploidy ; Fibroblasts/*physiology ; Humans ; Oncogenes ; Poly A/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology ; RNA/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology ; RNA, Messenger/*isolation & purification/pharmacology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Radiation effects research in Japan (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-10-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shigematsu, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Oct 10;234(4773):128.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3749896" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Japan ; *Nuclear Warfare ; *Radiation Injuries ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Human multidrug-resistant cell lines: increased mdr1 expression can precede gene amplification (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-05-02
    Description: The development of simultaneous resistance to multiple structurally unrelated drugs is a major impediment to cancer chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance in human KB carcinoma cells selected in colchicine, vinblastine, or Adriamycin is associated with amplification of specific DNA sequences (the multidrug resistance locus, mdr1). During colchicine selection resistance is initially accompanied by elevated expression of a 4.5-kilobase mdr1 messenger RNA (mRNA) without amplification of the corresponding genomic sequences. During selection for increased levels of resistance, expression of this mRNA is increased simultaneously with amplification of mdr1 DNA. Increased expression and amplification of mdr1 sequences were also found in multidrug-resistant sublines of human leukemia and ovarian carcinoma cells. These results suggest that increased expression of mdr1 mRNA is a common mechanism for multidrug resistance in human cells. Activation of the mdr1 gene by mutations or epigenetic changes may precede its amplification during the development of resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shen, D W -- Fojo, A -- Chin, J E -- Roninson, I B -- Richert, N -- Pastan, I -- Gottesman, M M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 May 2;232(4750):643-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3457471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Colchicine/pharmacology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Doxorubicin/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance ; Female ; *Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphoid/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Vinblastine/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    AIDS priority fight goes to court (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norman, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jan 3;231(4733):11-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3001932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; France ; HIV Antibodies ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Receptor-coupled activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C by an N protein (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-04-04
    Description: Cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate by phospholipase C results in the production of two important second messengers: inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol. Although several receptors promote this cleavage, the molecular details of phospholipase C activation have remained unresolved. In this study, occupancy of a Ca2+-mobilizing receptor, the oligopeptide chemoattractant receptor on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte plasma membranes, was found to lead to the activation of a guanine nucleotide regulatory (N) protein by guanosine 5'-triphosphate. The activated N protein then stimulated a polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C by reducing the Ca2+ requirement for expression of this activity from superphysiological to normal intracellular concentrations. Therefore, the N protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C may be a key step in the pathway of cellular activation by chemoattractants and certain other hormones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, C D -- Cox, C C -- Snyderman, R -- 5PO1-CA-29589-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 5RO1 DEO 3738-12/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Apr 4;232(4746):97-100.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3006254" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/blood ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine/pharmacology ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/*blood ; Phosphorus Radioisotopes ; Ribonucleotides/blood ; Type C Phospholipases/*blood
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    The site of attachment in human rhinovirus 14 for antiviral agents that inhibit uncoating (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-09-19
    Description: WIN 51711 and WIN 52084 are structurally related, antiviral compounds that inhibit the replication of rhino (common cold) viruses and related picornaviruses. They prevent the pH-mediated uncoating of the viral RNA. The compounds consist of a 3-methylisoxazole group that inserts itself into the hydrophobic interior of the VP1 beta-barrel, a connecting seven-membered aliphatic chain, and a 4-oxazolinylphenoxy group (OP) that covers the entrance to an ion channel in the floor of the "canyon." Viral disassembly may be inhibited by preventing the collapse of the VP1 hydrophobic pocket or by blocking the flow of ions into the virus interior.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, T J -- Kremer, M J -- Luo, M -- Vriend, G -- Arnold, E -- Kamer, G -- Rossmann, M G -- McKinlay, M A -- Diana, G D -- Otto, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Sep 19;233(4770):1286-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3018924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antiviral Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Isoxazoles/metabolism/pharmacology ; Poliovirus/drug effects/metabolism ; Rhinovirus/*drug effects/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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