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  • Cambridge University Press  (2,043)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (2,043)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1986  (2,043)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (2,043)
  • 1940-1944
Year
  • 1
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    The interdial macrofauna of Nigg bay (1986)
    Royal Society of Edinburgh | Cambridge University Press
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 91B . pp. 113-141.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-04
    Description: Surveys of the interdial macrofauna and sediment characters of Nigg Bay, Moray Firth, were carried out between 1981 and 1985. Permanent stations were located at the intersections of a half-kilometre grid covering the entire interdial area and sampled for infauna using replicate cores. Estimates were also made of mussel and lugworm densities from quadrats and cast counts respectively. The biomass of selected species that constitute important resources for higher tropic levels were also estimated. The sediment for each station was analysed for median particle diameter and slit content. The infaunal data were analysed by Detrended Correspondence Analysis. This indicated that tida height was the most important factor governing the distribution and abundance of the interdial communities. Sediment characters were only poorly related to distribution patterns. The bay has a rich fauna and is biologically similar to other outer bays of the Moray Firth, which, like Nigg, are important areas for wildfowl and waders. Comparison of survey data from different years indicate that there are natural cycles in some sediment and biological characters of Nigg Bay.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    A Descriptive Ecology of Eledone Cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in Scottish Waters (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 855-865.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: A survey of the ecology of the octopus Eledone cirrhosa in Scottish waters is compiled from structured interviews with fishermen, records of occurrence in traps (for lobster and crab), and a research vessel survey. This species is widespread and common throughout the inshore waters covered by fishing activity (shoreline- 140 m) on bottom types ranging through rock, stones, sand and mud. It is caught in all months of the year but is especially common inshore in the summer (July-September) and further offshore on trawling grounds in October-December. The octopus is a normal and regular predator of large Crustacea (Hotnarus, Nephrops, Cancer) caught in commercial traps but gut contents yield little identifiable dietary remains.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Crustacea in the diet of Eledone cirrhosa (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) determined by serological methods (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 . pp. 867-879.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Serological methods for prey identification have been applied to the gut contents of a field sample of 100 Eledone cirrhosa from the Moray Firth and 7 from the Sound of Jura. Protein extracts from the crop were electrophoresed (Laurell rockets) into antisera raised against potential crustacean prey species, Cancer pagurus, Carcinus maenas, Crangon crangon, Liocarcinus spp. and Nephrops norvegicus. The strengths of the resulting reactions were evaluated on the basis of peak height, staining density and the number of homocentric peaks of immune precipitates. Sixty-two of the 100 Moray Firth animals gave a positive reaction to one or more of the antisera and the most critical assessment of the results ranked the incidence of the prey as Liocarcinus (15) 〉 Nephrops (10) 〉 Cancer (8) 〉 Crangon (2) 〉 Carcinus (0), a total of 35 reactions from 28 animals. Absence of a reaction in the 38 animals from which appreciable sample volumes were also obtained indicates that alternative prey had been consumed. Of the 7 Sound of Jura animals, 4 gave a positive reaction to Nephrops alone. A total of only 24 animals gave any indication of diet by visual recognition of remains. The value and difficulties of the methodology are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Influence of an electric light on the capture of deep-sea fish in Biscay (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 483-496.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Recently the influence of an electric light on the capture of the main groups of deep sea animals by a midwater trawl was described and discussed (Clarke & Pascoe, 1985). With regard to fish it was shown that at depths close to 800 m the total number, the total volume, the volume of the ten largest and the volume of the single largest fish all increased significantly when an electric light was used on the headline of the trawl when compared with controls with the light off. These experiments were carried out both in the Bay of Biscay and off Madeira.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Methods for the validation of squid age from statoliths (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (02). pp. 505-526.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: Growth laminations were first noted in squid statoliths by Clarke (1966), who suggested they might be useful for age determination. Spratt (1978) presented a detailed age analysis of Loligo opalescens Berry, 1911, arguing that some rings in the cephalopod statolith were deposited daily, as are fish otoliths (Panella, 1971). Growth rings in Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1921) statoliths were illustrated by Lipinski (1978) with similar interpretation to that of Spratt (op. cit.). Several further attempts have been made to validate and/or to discuss age determination from statoliths (Hurley, Drew & Radtke, 1979; Hurley et al. 1983; Wiborg, 1979; Hurley & Beck, 1980; Kristensen, 1980; Lipinski, 1980, 1981; Rosenberg, Wiborg & Bech, 1981; Martins, 1982; Radtke, 1983; Dawe et al. 1984), and several other attempts are in preparation (R. J. Hanlon, G. V. Hurley, M. R. Clarke & R. L. Radtke, personal communications).
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  • 6
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    Influence of 70 Watt Electric Lights on the Capture of Fish By Otter Trawl Off Plymouth (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 66 (03). p. 711.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-16
    Description: The effect of two 70 W underwater electric lamps on the catch rate of a commercial bottom otter trawl was determined by comparative trials both at night and in daylight. It was found that, although the overall numbers and weights of fish caught did not differ, most of the species which were caught in large enough numbers for a judgement to be made showed a reaction to light. Three species, Trachurus trachurus, Merlangius merlangus and Trisopterus minutus were attracted and four species, Eutriglagurnardus, Micromesistius poutassou, Merluccius merluccius and Limanda limanda were scared off by light. The possible use of lights to further the development of selective commercial bottom trawling by attracting or scaring particular species is discussed.
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  • 7
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    The numerical experiment in fluid mechanics (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-01
    Description: Several aspects of the use of digital computers to generate solutions of equations of interest to fluid mechanics are discussed. The inter disciplinary nature of the field of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is emphasized: the dependence on strides in computer technology, the impact of advances in algorithm development, the continuous interaction with laboratory experiment and analytical theory. The particular role of that mode of computer usage usually referred to as the numerical experiment is highlighted. Experiments of this type have played a central role in establishing concepts such as the soliton and the strange attractor as paradigms within fluid mechanics. The ambitious goal of providing digital counterparts to laboratory equipment such as the wind tunnel is considered. The possibility of abandoning the Eulerian representation of flow fields in favour of following swarms of Lagrangian particles on a computer is stressed. Issues arising from and results of using this methodology are reviewed. Computer simulations are contrasted with computer generated animation. The paper concludes with speculations on future developments. © 1986, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
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    Acoustic monitoring of ocean gyres (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-01
    Description: There has been an increased interest in ocean phenomena with horizontal scales comparable to the radius of the Earth, and timescales of years and beyond. These phenomena occur in the presence of intense processes of higher spatial and temporal frequency. An observational programme for the large-scale phenomena has an inherent advantage if it can rely on measurements that are, by their very nature, integrated moments over the prerequisite scale. The oceans provide an excellent medium for transmitting sound waves of low frequency, as demonstrated in the closing days of World War II, and subsequently confirmed by a 20000 km acoustic transmission between Perth, Australia and Bermuda. For the last six years we have been developing a method (Ocean Acoustic Tomography) to take advantage of the favourable ocean acoustic properties. We measure travel time Δ+from mooringm to mooring n (positive x), and Δfrom n to m. The sum Δ++Δthen gives information about the sound speed C (e.g. temperature) averaged along the acoustic ray path; the difference Δ+—Δgives information about the x-component u of current velocity. The recorded acoustic signal can be decomposed into 10–20 distinct ray arrivals Δieach with a distinct ray path and associated depth-weighting of the ocean column; the ray travel times can be inverted to yield information about the depth profiles C(z) and u(z). The product 〈C〉 〈u〉 of these range-averaged QUANTITIES is related to the climatological large-scale heat flux; the space-time average 〈δCδu〉 is related to the eddy heat flux, and can be estimated by measuring the difference variance (Δ+)—variance (Δ). © 1986, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
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    Geoffrey Ingram Taylor, 7 March 1886–27 June 1975 (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-01
    Description: G. I. Taylor was a happy man who spent a long life doing what he wanted most to do and doing it supremely well. He was a natural scientist whose character and activities were perfectly matched, and that allowed the fullest use of his creative talents. This short article is intended to help the understanding of G. I. Taylor's approach to his research by providing some information about the man and his life, in particular the major events in his early adult years which determined the direction of much of his subsequent research. A list of the now rather numerous articles about the man and his family and his work is appended. © 1986, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
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    Fundamentals concerning wave loading on offshore structures (1986)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-12-01
    Description: This article is aimed at relating a certain substantial body of established material concerning wave loading on offshore structures to fundamental principles of mechanics of solids and of fluids and to important results by G. I. Taylor (1928a, b). The object is to make some key parts within a rather specialised field accessible to the general fluid-mechanics reader. The article is concerned primarily to develop the ideas which validate a separation of hydrodynamic loadings into vortex-flow forces and potential-flow forces; and to clarify, as Taylor (1928b) first did, the major role played by components of the potential-flow forces which are of the second order in the amplitude of ambient velocity fluctuations. Recent methods for calculating these forces have proved increasingly important for modes of motion of structures (such as tension-leg platforms) of very low natural frequency. © 1986, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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