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1

Digitale Medien

Defensive alkaloid in blood of Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) (1986)

Eisner, T. ; Goetz, M. ; Aneshansley, D. ; [weitere]

Springer

Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 204-207

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ISSN: 1420-9071

Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; chemical defense ; feeding deterrent ; alkaloid ; homotropane

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Summary The blood of the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis) contains a homotropane alkaloid, euphococcinine (1). The beetles ‘reflex bleed’ when disturbed, thereby deploying the alkaloid, which is provenly deterrent to spiders and ants. Newly emerged adults lack the alkaloid, but the compound builds up to deterrent levels in their blood within days. Eggs and larvae ofEpilachna are devoid of the compound.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952471

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2

Digitale Medien

A model for the temperature and density dependent reemergence of the bark beetle Ips typographus (1986)

Anderbrant, O.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 81-88

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Ips typographus ; spruce bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; model ; reemergence ; density dependent ; temperature dependent ; degree-days ; poikilotherm

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Ce modèle décrit la réémergence d'adultes d'I. typographus L. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) en fonction de la densité et de la température. Les résultats obtenus en laboratoire à des températures constantes fournissent la distribution des réémergences et pour les dates de réémergence moyenne les différentes combinaisons de température de seuil et de degré de jour (°D). De toutes ces combinaisons, 167.71 °D au-dessus de 7,5 °C fournit la meilleure concordance entre les prévisions du modèle et les observations dans la nature à partir d'arbres fortement attaqués. Le modèle a montré un bon accord avec la réémergence observée dans deux groupes de branches attaquées dans différentes conditions de la température quand il a été ajusté aux faibles densités d'élevage. La discussion examine les possibilités d'application du modèle à l'étude de la biologie de la reproduction d'I. typographus et à l'aménagement forestier. La méthode utilisée pour construire le modèle pourrait être employée pour en développer d'autres chez des poikilothermes.

Notizen: Abstract A model is presented that describes the reemergence of parent spruce bark beetles, Ips typographus, based on breeding density and temperature conditions. Laboratory data obtained at one constant temperature provide the distribution of reemergence time and different combinations of threshold temperatures and degreedays (°D) at mean reemergence. Of these combinations, 167.71 °D above 7.5 °C gave the best correspondence between model prediction and field data obtained from densely infested standing trees. The model was in good agreement with the reemergence pattern found for two groups of infested logs under different temperature conditions when adjusted for the lower breeding density. The applicability of the model in the study of bark beetle reproductive biology and in forest management is discussed. The method used to construct the model should be useful in developing other models for poikilothermic processes.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187026

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3

Digitale Medien

Genetic variation in adaptation to foodplants among populations of the southern cowpea weevil,Callosobruchus maculatus: Evolution of oviposition preference (1986)

Wasserman, Steven S.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 201-212

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Callosobruchus maculatus ; Bruchidae ; Coleoptera ; behavior ; evolution ; genetic variation ; insect-plant interactions ; oviposition preference

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Vingt-deux lignées deC. maculatus Fab., liées à 6 plantes-hôtes, ont été examinées quant à leurs préférences — sans choix—parmi les graines de 9 légumineuses. Ces préférences se sont révél'ees semblables à celles observées lors de choix binaires; 3 paramètres ont donné les mêmes résultats: nombre moyen d'oeufs pondus par l'ensemble des femelles, nombre moyen d'oeufs émis par l'ensemble de celles acceptant la plante, fréquence des femelles acceptant la plante. L'analyse en composantes principales des préférences pour les 9 plantes a révélé que la majorité des mesures se situe sur les 2 premiers axes, qui ont rendu compte de 89% de la variation. Les performances des lignées sur le premier axe suggèrent qu'il s'agit d'un critère général de préférence. La classification automatique des plantes a montré un aspect général semblable à celui des composantes principales. Par ces 2 méthodes, les plantes ne se sont pas classées nettement selon leurs affinités taxonomiques. Bien que la classification automatique n'ait pas mis en évidence une similarité de comportement chez les insectes liés au même hôte, ceci était apparemment le cas. Les lignées liées à des hôtes présentant de fortes — ou à l'opoosé — de faibles préférences, ont montré différents seuils d'acceptation pour les 9 substrats de ponte. A l'opposé, il n'y a aucune preuve d'altération évolutive de la hiérarchie de préférences. On en a déduit que ces insectes étaient motivés par un petit nombre de stimulus, tels que les allélochimiques et al texture de tégument, pour déceler l'adéquation des substrats potentiels. (La microscopie électronique a suggéré une corrélation entre la texture du tégument et la hiérarchie des préférences de ces populations). La confiance dans les stimulus recueillis contribue à limiter les stratégies évolutives disponibles pour la population. A partir de là, la sélection en faveur —ou contre — des plantes, à l'origine, faiblement préférées, peut conduire, dans la niche de ponte, à l'incorporation — ou à l'exclusion — d'un groupe d'espèces taxonomiquemment éloignées, mais phénétiquement semblables. La probabilité d'altérations importantes de la hiérarchie des préférences paraît extrémement faible.

Notizen: Abstract A survey of 22 strains ofCallosobruchus maculatus associated with six different leguminous hosts indicates extensive genetic differentiation for oviposition preference. Female behavior suggests the existence of two distinct host preference groups among the nine oviposition substrates tested. Strains associated with plants in these two groups show distinct preference profiles. Genetic differentiation of oviposition preference is due to evolutionary modification of the threshold of acceptance of host plants, not to alteration of the preference hierarchy. From principal components analysis of these results, it is likely that very few independent plant traits govern oviposition preference.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629305

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4

Digitale Medien

Age-specific flight behavior in relation to body weight and lipid content of Ips calligraphus reared in slash pine bolts with thick or thin inner bark (phloem) (1986)

Slansky, F. ; Haack, R. A.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 40 (1986), S. 197-207

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): body weight ; flight ; Ips calligraphus ; lipid ; longevity ; phloem ; pine ; Scolytidae ; Coleoptera

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le comportement de vol d'Ips calligraphus GERMAR (Scolytidae) a été examiné au laboratoire par une technique de vol captif. La génération parentale avait été artificiellement introduite, suivant la taille des adultes (1,6 à 2,1 mm) dans des morceaux de Pinus elliottii Engelm. variété elliottii au phloeme épais (TK=2,5 à 3,5 mm) ou fin (TN=0,5 à 1,5 mm) les larves se sont développées dans ces morceaux de pin. Le poids et la teneur en lipide des adultes obtenus à partir de TN étaient significativement inférieure à ceux de TK. Le poids des mâles les plus gros a été plus réduit que celui des femelles; les mâles les plus petits semblaient être moins efficaces dans l'initiation des attaques sur les arbres, et les femelles les plus petites ont eu une fécondité réduite. Les durées de vol quotidiennes pendant la vie des mâles TK vierges étaient en moyenne deux fois plus longues que celles des mâles TN. Les durées de vol quotidiennes étaient très variables: en moyenne moins de 20 minutes, mais la plus longue a été de 173 mn. En moyennes les adultes TN et TK ont commencé à voler, et volaient en plus grand nombre, le premier et le second jour après l'émergence. Ensuite la fréquence d'adultes volants et le pourcentage de surviveants, ont graduellement diminué jusqu'à tomber à zéro le neuvième jour. Les mâles TN et TK avaient des vols quotidiens plus longs et volaient environ 1 jour de plus que les femelles. L'activité de vol accrue des mâles reflète leur besoin de trouver dans la nature des arbres convenables; les vols des femelles peuvent généralement être plus brefs, étant plus directement orientés comme une réponse aux phéromones mâles. Les voiliers ont vécu environ 2 fois plus longtemps que les non-voiliers. Parmi les voiliers TK et TN il y avait une corrélation positive étroite entre le poids du corps et la durée totale des vols. Il n'y en a qu'une faible corrélation entre cette durée totale des vols et la longévité, suggérant un faible coût physiologique du vol. L'influence de cette durée des vols et du prélèvement consécutif de lipides sur la fécondité n'a pas été examinée. L'initiation au vol chez les individus fécondés a été sérieusement retardée (maximum le sixième jour) par rapport aux vierges, ce qui suggère un dégénérescence des muscles du vol associée à la reproduction, suivie d'une régénération importante, comme cela a été signalé chez d'autres Scolytes. Ces résultats contribuent à notre compréhension des facteurs conditionnant le comportement de vol et d'autres aspects fondamentaux de la biologie des insectes des pins. Une telle connaissance est nécessaire au développement d'une politique efficace de protection.

Notizen: Abstract Rearing larvae of Ips calligraphus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in bolts of typical slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, with ‘thin’ (TN; 0.5–1.5 mm) phloem (inner bark) relative to adult beetle body width significantly reduced body weight and lipid content of emerging adults compared with ‘thick’ (TK; 2.5–3.5 mm) phloem-reared adults. Unmated (pre-nuptial) TK beetles averaged 2-fold longer daily and life-time flight duration than TN beetles. Daily flights were highly variable, averaging 〈20 min (longest daily flight=173 min). TK and TN beetles initiated flight, and the greatest number flew, on the first or second day after emergence form their rearing bolt; % of beetles flying and survival gradually declined to zero by day 9. Males (both TK and TN) averaged 2.5 days of flight, ca. 1 day longer than females. Fliers lived ca. 2-fold longer than non-fliers. Among TK and TN fliers, significant but weak positive correlations occurred between body weight and lifetime flight duration. Poor correlation between lifetime flight duration and longevity suggests little physiological cost to flight, but effects on fecundity were not assessed. Flight by mated, egg-laying (post-nuptial) beetles was substantially delayed (peaking on day 6), suggesting degeneration and subsequent regeneration of flight muscles.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349216

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5

Digitale Medien

Response of walking spruce bark beetles Ips typographus to pheromone produced in different attack phases (1986)

Schlyter, Fredrik ; Löfqvist, Jan

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 219-230

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Ips typographus ; Y-tube olfactometer ; bioassay ; pheromone ; attack phase

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Un olfactomètre à tube en Y, dont la description est donnée, a été utilisé pour examiner les réactions d'I. typographus L. par la marche à la présence de phéromones de congénères creusant des galeries dans des bûches d'Epicéa (Picea abies L.). Les insectes dans les bûches ont été répartis en 7 classes séquentielles, depuis l'élaboration de la chambre nuptiale par le mâle (phases 1–3), l'accouplement (4), et la ponte jusqu'à ce que les galeries de ponte aient 5 cm (5–7). Les mâles dans les phases précoces (1–2) étaient attractifs pour les 2 sexes dès 0,5 à 2,5 h après leur introduction, et ils le restaient pendant plus de 2 semaines. Les femelles qui se déplacent par la marche ont préféré nettement les bûches avec des mâles vierges à des bûches non habitées. De même elles ont préféré des bûches avec des mâles unis aux femelles à des bûches sans Ips. Ayant à choisir entre des bûches infestées par des mâles vierges ou expérimentés, les femelles ont préféré nettement les mâles vierges. Les mâle ont présenté une plus faible attraction aussi bien pour les bûches avec mâles vierges qu'avec mâles expérimentés, ils n'ont pas manifesté de préférence entre les 2. Les résultats sont interprétés comme des réponses adaptatives des 2 sexes aux variations dans la libération de phéromones par les insectes pendant les phases successives d'attaque et de colonisation de l'hôte.

Notizen: Abstract A Y-tube olfactometer is described which was used to assay the response of walking Ips typographus (L.) towards the pheromone from beetles excavating galleries in logs of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Beetles in the logs were categorized into seven sequential attack phases. Males in the early attack phases were attractive as early as 0.5 to 2.5 h after their introduction. These logs remained attractive for more than 2 weeks. Walking females strongly preferred logs with unmated males over uninfested logs and over logs containing males and females. They also preferred logs with males and females over uninfested logs. Responding males showed a weaker attraction than females to logs with unmated males. The results are interpreted as adaptive responses of the sexes to variation of pheromone release from beetles in the host during subsequent phases of attack and colonization.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221251

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6

Digitale Medien

Toxicity of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron to the rove beetle Aleochara bilineata, a parasitoid and predator of the cabbage maggot Delia radicum (1986)

Gordon, Roger ; Cornect, Marcel

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 42 (1986), S. 179-185

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Schlagwort(e): Aleochara bilineata ; Staphylinidae ; Coleoptera ; Delia radicum ; carbofuran ; diflubenzuron ; Dimilin ; Furadan ; insect growth regulator

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Lorsqu' appliqué dans des concentrations efficaces contre la mouche du chou Delia radicum L. (0.1, 0.01, 0.001% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), le Dimilin (diflubenzuron), un régulateur de croissance des insectes, n'a pas affecté l'éclosion des oeufs de Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal, un staphylin prédateur et parasite. En application externe, à la plus forte concentration (0.1% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), cet inhibiteur de synthèse de la chitine s'est avéré non toxique pour les larves du premier stade, les stades larvaires qui se développent à l'intérieur du puparium de l'hôte, et les adultes. Le traitement au Dimilin n'a pas affecté la fertilité des staphylins adultes. Cependant, lorsque le diflubenzuron était dissous dans du diméthylsulfoxyde et appliqué sur l'exosquelette du puparium de l'hôte, l'émergence des adultes de A. bilineata était éliminée. L'insecticide conventionnel Furadan (carbofurane), à une concentration égale à la plus faible concentration de Dimilin utilisée (0.001% p/v dans de l'eau distillée), s'est avéré toxique à la fois pour les oeufs et pour les larves de A. bilineata.

Notizen: Abstract The insect growth regulator Dimilin®, common name: diflubenzuron, applied at concentrations effective against the cabbage maggot Delia radicum L., did not affect the hatching of eggs of the staphylinid predator and parasite, Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal. Applied externally in distilled water, Dimilin was non-toxic to first instar larvae, to larval instars developing within host puparia, and to adults. When Dimilin was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, then applied to the exoskeleton of host puparia, emergence of A. bilineata adults was suppressed. The conventional insecticide Furadan, at a concentration (0.001% in distilled water) equal to the lowest concentration of Dimilin used, was toxic to both eggs and larvae of A. bilineata.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343545

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7

Digitale Medien

Cantharidin biosynthesis in a blister beetle: Inhibition by 6-fluoromevalonate causes chemical disarmament (1986)

Carrel, J. E. ; Doom, J. P. ; McCormick, J. P.

Springer

Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 853-854

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ISSN: 1420-9071

Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Lytta polita ; chemical defense ; cantharidin ; terpenoids ; fluorine ; metabolism

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Summary Biosynthesis of cantharidin in a blister beetle,Lytta polita, is effectively inhibited by 6-fluoromevalonate. Inhibition is attributed specifically to the fluorine substituent. Biochemical inhibition has not been demonstrated previously for an arthropod's defensive substance.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01941552

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8

Digitale Medien

The species composition and diversity of tree-dwelling beetles in deciduous oak and evergreen forests in central Japan; Relationship between the diversity index and sample size (1986)

Isono, Masahiro ; Takeda, Susumu ; Sakurai, Hironori

Springer

Ecological research 1 (1986), S. 269-278

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ISSN: 1440-1703

Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Community structure ; Species composition ; Species diversity ; Tree-dwelling beetles

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract During the period fromlate May through December 1981, tree-dwelling beetles were regularly surveyed at three deciduous oak and two evergreen forests in the vicinity of Gifu City. Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae were abundant in these forests. The species diversity and the seasonal succession of species were most apparent in May and June. The three deciduous oak forests, with many species and high equitability, showed more diverse community structure, but fewer individuals, when compared with the two evergreen forests. Furthermore, the species compositions of the deciduous oak forests were seasonally and spatially more heterogeneous than those of the evergreen forests. A few dominant species, however, had a strong influence on the community structure. The relationship between the diversity index and sample size was examined. The diversity index changed with the sample size, and the range of the variation diminished as the sample size increased. However, equilibrium was not reached even in the largest sample size used in this study (20 samples). There was a significantly high correlation (P〈0.001) in diversity index between the smaller sample sizes (5, 10, 15) and the largest. It was, therefore, shown that community structures can be compared on the basis of the diversity indices from samples of constant size, even when the samples are small.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348684

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9

Digitale Medien

Economics of chemical defense in chrysomelinae (1986)

Rowell-Rahier, M. ; Pasteels, J. M.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1189-1203

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Defensive secretion ; egg defense ; allomones ; Salix ; salicin ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; monoterpenes ; salicylaldehyde

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Chemical defense in chrysomelid larvae (subtribe Chrysomelina and Phyllodectina) is reviewed. Most species secrete autogenous monoterpenes. The diversity of their secretion is interpreted as a mechanism to reduce adaptation by predacious arthropods. The consequences of a host plant shift to the Salicacae are explored. Salicin from these host plants is used as a precursor for the salicylaldehyde secreted by the larvae of many species. This offers several advantages. It provides the larvae with an inexpensive and efficient defense. The recovery of the glucose moiety of the salicin contributes significantly to the larval energy budget. Adults sequester salicin in the eggs at concentrations which are toxic to ants. Owing to this maternal provisioning, neonate larvae produce salicylaldehyde from hatching onwards, whereas other species secreting monoterpenes are not protected at hatching. The secretion of salicylaldehyde by different species is considered to be chemical mimicry reinforcing visual aposematic signals.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01639004

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10

Digitale Medien

Reinvestigation of anhydroserricornin, (2S,3S)-2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, as a sex pheromone component for male cigarette beetle (1986)

Mochizuki, K. ; Mori, M. ; Chuman, T. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 179-186

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; cigarette beetle ; Lasioderma serricorne (F.) ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; serricornin ; 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone ; anhydroserricornin ; 2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Reinvestigation of the pheromonal activity of anhydroserricornin, (2S,3S)-2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, showed that the magnitude of its activity was less than 1/103 of that of serricornin, 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone, the sex pheromone of the cigarette beetleLasioderma serricorne (F.). Neither a synergistic nor an inhibitory effect of anhydroserricornin addition on the action of serricornin was observed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045601

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11

Digitale Medien

Identification of a volatile attractant forDiabrotica andAcalymma spp. from blossoms ofCucurbita maxima duchesne (1986)

Andersen, J. F. ; Metcalf, R. L.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 687-699

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Attractant ; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ; Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi ; Acalymma vittatum ; indole ; Cucurbita maxima ; electroantennogram ; floral volatile ; Chrysomelidae ; Cucurbitaceae ; Coleoptera

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Fractionation of headspace volatiles fromCucurbita maxima blossoms by high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in the isolation of a single component which was highly active in an electroantennogram bioassay onDiabrotica undecimpunctata howardi antennae. This compound was identified as indole by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Field-trapping bioassays were conducted which indicated that indole is a potent attractant of the western corn rootworm,D. virgifera virgifera, and the striped cucumber beetle,Acalymma vittatum. The southern corn rootworm,D. u. howardi, did not respond, despite its strong EAG response. The sex ratio ofD. v. virgifera found in indole-baited traps varied seasonally. Males were trapped in abundance in late July and later September, 1983, while females were more abundant August and early September. The effectiveness of indole as aD. v. virgifera attractant also varied seasonally. A prolonged period of depressed trap catches occurred in early August 1983, during the silking and tasseling period of the corn in the field where trapping was carried out.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012102

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12

Digitale Medien

Electroantennogram responses by mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, exposed to selected semiochemicals (1986)

Whitehead, Armand T.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1603-1621

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Mountain pine beetle ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; electroantennograms ; pheromones ; kairomones ; inhibitors ; host selection ; aggregation

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were obtained forD. ponderosae to the bark beetle pheromonestrans-verbenol,cis-verbenol,exo-brevicomin,endo-brevicomin, frontalin, verbenone; to the kairomones, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, Δ-3-carene, limonene, myrcene; to a blend (1∶1∶1) oftrans-verbenol,exo-brevicomin, and myrcene; and to diacetone-alcohol. Male and female responses, in general, did not differ significantly over the whole EAG dose-response curves but differed at a few concentrations on many of the curves. There were more differences noted for pheromones than kairomones. The blend yielded among the largest EAGs in both sexes and appeared to show synergism. Responses of females were lower than those for males in most instances. Significant differences in responses by the two sexes were much fewer for the kairomones than the pheromones. EAG recovery rates tested at only one concentration showed significant differences between males and females for three pheromones,trans-verbenol,cis-verbenol, and verbenone, and two kairomones, camphene and Δ-3-carene. Thresholds were quite low for most of the odorants exceptcis-verbenol, camphene, verbenone, and diacetone-alcohol in females, andcis-verbenol, verbenone, α-pinene, and diacetone-alcohol in males. The results, using at least one EAG parameter, support behavioral and field studies involvingexo-brevicomin,trans-verbenol, frontalin, and the blend.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020267

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Digitale Medien

Inhibitory action of (4S,6S,7R)-isomer to pheromonal activity of serricornin, (4S,6S,7S)-7-Hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone (1986)

Mori, M. ; Mochizuki, K. ; Kohno, M. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 83-89

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Sex pheromone ; cigarette beetle ; Lasioderma serricorne (F.) ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; serricornin ; 7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone ; inhibitory action of diastereoisomer

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract By adding the effects of a series of the stereoisomers to the pheromonal activity of serricornin, (4S,6S,7S)-7-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyl-3-nonanone, the sex pheromone of the cigarette beetleLasioderma serricorne (F.) was investigated. The experiments using synthetic enantiomeric mixtures and optically active stereoisomers showed that the (4S,6S,7R)-isomer inhibited significantly the pheromonal activity of serricornin.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045592

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14

Digitale Medien

Components of moribund American elm trees as attractants to elm bark beetles,Hylurgopinus rufipes andScolytus multistriatus (1986)

Millar, Jocelyn G. ; Zhao, Cheng -Hua ; Lanier, Gerald N. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 583-608

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Hylurgopinus rufipes ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; sesquiterpenes ; host attractants ; Dutch elm disease ; kairomone ; pheromone ; elm bark beetles ; Ulmus americana

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Hylurgopinus rufipes male and female beetles were attracted to American elms infected with Dutch elm disease, and to American elms killed by injection of cacodylic acid.H. rufipes was also attracted to solvent extracts of elm, or to Porapak Q-trapped volatiles from elm. The major components of attractive fractions of Porapak Q-trapped volatiles were isolated, identified, and tested in field bioassays. Several artificially compounded mixtures of sesquiterpenes were attractive toH. rufipes, although no bait tested was as attractive as diseased tree controls. Laboratory bioassays withH. rufipes were marginally successful. In laboratory bioassays, nine of 14 sequiterpenes identified from active fractions of Porapak extracts elicited significant response fromScolytus multistriatus male and female beetles: δ- and γ-cadinene, α-cubebene, γ-muurolene, and β-elemene were most active. However, in field tests, none of the sesquiterpenes alone or in combination significantly attractedS. multistriatus, nor did they significantly enhance the attraction ofS. multistriatus to female-produced pheromone components (4-methyl-3-heptanol [H] and α-multistriatin [M]). In other field tests, α-cubebene (C) significantly enhanced response ofS. multistriatus to H plus M, but foliage, logs, or chips of healthy elm did not enhance trap catch to HMC.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012095

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15

Digitale Medien

Isolation of feeding deterrents against argentine stem weevil from ryegrass infected with the endophyteAcremonium loliae (1986)

Rowan, D. D. ; Gaynor, D. L.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 647-658

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Perennial ryegrass ; Lolium perenne ; Gramineae ; Argentine stem weevil ; Listronotus bonariensis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Acremonium loliae ; Acremonium coenophialum ; endophyte ; bioassay ; induced resistance ; feeding deterrent ; peramine

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Infection of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by an endophytic fungus (Acremonium loliae) confers resistance against the Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis). Extracts from ryegrass clones, infected and uninfected withA. loliae, were compared in a feeding choice bioassay, and several fractions were identified which affected stem weevil feeding behavior. One stem weevil feeding deterrent, peramine C12H17N5O, has been isolated from infected ryegrass and partially characterized as a basic indole derivative. Extracts from culturedA. loliae had no effect on stem weevil feeding behavior nor was peramine detected in the fungal cultures examined. Peramine and the other active substances are hydrophilic in contrast to the lipophilic properties reported for the neurotoxic lolitrems also isolated from ryegrass infected withA. loliae and associated with causing ryegrass staggers disorder in livestock. It is suggested that ryegrass staggers and stem weevil feeding deterrency may arise by different biochemical mechanisms.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012099

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16

Digitale Medien

Necrodols: Anti-insectan terpenes from defensive secretion of carrion beetle (Necrodes surinamensis) (1986)

Eisner, Thomas ; Deyrup, Mark ; Jacobs, Robert ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1407-1415

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Silphidae ; Necrodes surinamensis ; carrion beetle ; monoterpenes ; iridoids ; necrodols ; defensive secretion ; insect repellent ; insect irritant ; bioassay

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Two compounds recently isolated from the defensive gland ofNecrodes surinamensis, α-and β-necrodol, first representatives of a new category of monoterpenes (the necrodanes), are shown to be repellent to ants and other insects and irritating to cockroaches and flies. The compounds doubtless play a defensive role inNecrodes. The possible long-range applied significance of research on insect repellents is discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012360

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17

Digitale Medien

Defensive mechanisms of loblolly and shortleaf pine against attack by southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and its fungal associate,Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt (1986)

Cook, Stephen P. ; Hain, Fred P.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1397-1406

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Dendroctonus frontalis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Ceratocystis minor ; Pinus ; bark beetle ; fungus ; defense ; monoterpenes ; soluble sugars ; resin flow ; hypersensitive lesion

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Loblolly and shortleaf pine growing on a single site in the North Carolina piedmont were examined to determine similarities and differences in their defensive mechanisms against the southern pine beetle,Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and its fungal associate,Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt. Both species responded to wounding and fungal inoculation by forming a hypersensitive lesion around the wound site. There were significantly less soluble sugars and more monoterpenes in the lesion tissue than in unwounded inner bark. The two species were similar in resin flow rate and inner bark soluble sugar content, but the loblolly pines had thicker bark, longer hypersensitive lesions, and a higher concentration of inner bark monoterpenes. Inner bark monoterpene composition was also significantly different between the two pine species. It is hypothesized that two different defensive strategies against southern pine beetle attack may be utilized.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012359

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18

Digitale Medien

Identification of cantharidin in false blister beetles (Coleoptera, Oedemeridae) from florida (1986)

Carrel, James E. ; Doom, James P. ; McCormick, John P.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 741-747

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Cantharidin ; defense ; chemical ; vesicant ; antifeedant ; Heliocis repanda ; Oxycopis thoracica ; Coleoptera ; Oedemeridae ; sexual dimorphism

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Cantharidin, a potent vesicant and antifeedant, is identified for the first time in two oedemerid beetles from the western hemisphere. Amounts of the substance per beetle were found to range from 2 to 7 μg inHeliocis repanda and from 15 to 35 μg inOxycopis thoracica. Females had two to three times more cantharidin than males of the same species. Cantharidin loads of these beetles are sufficient to irritate human skin.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012106

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19

Digitale Medien

Orientation of boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to pheromone and volatile host compound in the laboratory (1986)

Dickens, Joseph C.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 91-98

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Boll weevil ; pheromone ; host odor ; olfactometer ; preference ; Anthonomus grandis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; cotton ; behavior ; bioassay ; orientation

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Behavioral responses of male and female boll weevils to the aggregation pheromone, grandlure, and the major volatile of cotton, β-bisabolol, were investigated using a new dual-choice olfactometer. Dosage-response experiments revealed both males and females to be attracted by the aggregation pheromone at the 1.0 μg dosage. However, only males were attracted to β-bisabolol (1.0 μg). Both sexes were repelled by the highest dosage ofβ-bisabolol tested (10 μg). In preference experiment, males chose grandlure over β-bisabolol, while both sexes chose the combination of grandlure + β-bisabolol over β-bisabolol alone. There was some evidence for synergism between pheromone and plant odor for the females. The results correlate well with previous electrophysiological and behavioral experiments.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045593

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20

Digitale Medien

Sex-specific production of ipsdienol and myrcenol byDendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) exposed to myrcene vapors (1986)

Hunt, D. W. A. ; Borden, J. H. ; Pierce, H. D. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1579-1586

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Dendroctonus ponderosae ; bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; myrcene ; aggregation pheromones ; ipsdienol ; myrcenol

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Male mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, produced ipsdienol [97.0% ± 0.3S-(+)] and myrcenol (90.3% ± 4.0E) when exposed to myrcene vapors. Females which were exposed to myrcene vapors did not produce any ipsdienol, but did produce low levels of myrcenol (98.0% ± 0.7E). Neither sex produced detectable levels of ipsdienol or myrcenol when fed for 24 hr on lodgepole pine,Pinus contorta var.latifolia Engelmann. The sex-specific conversion of myrcene to ipsdienol and myrcenol suggests that these compounds may have behavioral significance within the species. In addition, the S-(+)-ipsdienol produced by maleD. ponderosae probably functions as a repellent allomone againstIps pini (Say).

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020265

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21

Digitale Medien

Cellulose digestion inMonochamus marmorator Kby. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Role of acquired fungal enzymes (1986)

Kukor, Jerome J. ; Martin, Michael M.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1057-1070

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Cellulases ; xylophagy ; cellulolysis ; acquired enzymes ; nutritional ecology ; Monochamus marmorator ; Trichoderma harzianum ; Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; Moniliaceae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Larvae of the balsam fir sawyer,Monochamus marmorator Kby. (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), contain midgut digestive enzymes active against hemicellulose and cellulose. Cellulases from larvae fed on balsam fir wood infected with the fungus,Trichoderma harzianum Rifai (Deuteromycetes, Moniliales, Moniliaceae), were found to be identical to those of the cellulase complex produced by this fungus when compared using chromatography, electrophoresis, and isofocusing. When larvae are maintained on a fungus-free diet, their midgut fluids lack cellulolytic activity, and they are unable to digest cellulose. Cellulolytic capacity can be restored by feeding the larvae wood permeated by fungi. We conclude that the enzymes which enableM. marmorator larvae to digest cellulose are not produced by the larvae. Instead, the larvae acquire the capacity to digest cellulose by ingesting active fungal cellulases while feeding in fungus-infected wood.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01638996

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22

Digitale Medien

Coevolutionary adaptations of rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to cucurbitacins (1986)

Metcalf, Robert L.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1109-1124

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Rootworm beetle ; Diabrotica spp ; Aulacophora spp ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Cucurbita spp ; Cucumis spp ; cucurbitacin, allomone ; kairomone ; Chinese mantis ; Tenodera aridifolia sinensis ; predator ; Orthoptera ; Mantidae

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract The cucurbitacins are oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoids produced as secondary plant compounds by nearly all genera of Cucurbitaceae. The very bitter and toxic cucurbitacins are effective semiochemicals acting ecologically as allomones to protect the Cucurbitaceae from attack by a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores. For the Luperini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) the cucurbitacins have become kairomones for host selection, affecting the behavior of this large group of 1500 species of Aulacophorina (Old World) and Diabroticina (New World) by arrest and compulsive feeding. When feeding on bitter cucurbits these beetles sequester large amounts of cucurbitacins in their blood and tissues, and these act as allomones to deter predation. Specific detoxification and excretory mechanisms of the Diabroticina enable these beetles to avoid the toxic effects of the cucurbitacins.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01638999

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23

Digitale Medien

Interspecific activity of semiochemicals among sibling species ofPissodes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1986)

Phillips, Thomas W. ; Lanier, Gerald N.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1587-1601

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Pissodes ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; aggregation pheromone ; cross-attraction ; synomone ; reproductive isolation ; grandisol ; grandisal

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Pissodes strobi, P. approximatus, andP. nemorensis are sibling species of pine weevils that can hybridize in the laboratory but are presumed to be reproductively isolated in nature. Males of all three species produce the terpenoids grandisol and grandisal; these compounds serve as an aggregation pheromone forP. approximatus andP. nemorensis when deployed with odors from pine bolts. A series of field experiments examined the possibility of cross-attraction among the three species. Tests in New York and Florida found that parapatrically distributedP. approximatus andP. nemorensis were cross-attractive, but different photoperiodic conditioning was required for pheromone production in males of the two species. Long-day pheromone production (P. approximatus-type.) was inherited in interspecific hybrids. Other tests showed thatP. strobi males, or hybrid males from crosses ofP. strobi withP. approximatus, were not attractive to sympatricP. approximatus. When the response ofP. strobi was assessed to males of eitherP. strobi orP. approximatus confined on white pine leaders (the breeding site ofP. strobi), no evidence of cross-attraction or pheromone activity was found;P. strobi were caught in equal numbers onP. strobi-baited leaders,P. approximatus-baited leaders, and unbaited leaders. Tests of interspecific interactions found that maleP. strobi produce an allelochemical signal that interrupts the response ofP. approximatus to its natural or synthetic aggregation pheromone. This interspecific response is apparently adaptive for members of both species (classified as an allomone-kairomone or synomone) because it may ultimately serve to prevent interspecific matings that would lower the fitness of the parents.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020266

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24

Digitale Medien

Biochemical insight into insecticidal properties ofl-Canavanine, a higher plant protective allelochemical (1986)

Rosenthal, Gerald A.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1145-1156

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): l-Canavanine ; Manduca sexta ; Lepidoptera ; Sphingidae ; Caryedes brasiliensis ; Dioclea megacarpa ; Leguminosae ; Sternechus tuberculatus ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Curculionidae ; Heliothis virescens ; Noctuidae ; allelochemicals ; toxicology

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract l-Canavanine manifests potent insecticidal properties in a canavanine-sensitive insect such as the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta (L.) (Sphingidae). Investigations of the biochemical basis for the antimetabolic properties of this arginine analog reveal that it is activated and aminoacylated by arginyl tRNA synthetase and incorporated into the nascent polypeptide chain. This creates structurally aberrant, canavanine-containing proteins that can possess altered physicochemical properties. Evidence is presented in studies with the tobacco hornworm; the canavanine-adapted bruchid beetle,Caryedes brasiliensis (Bruchidae) and the weevil,Sternechus tuberculatus (Curculionidae); as well as the canavanine-resistant larvae ofHeliothis virescens [Noctuidae] to support the contention that formation of aberrant, canavanyl proteins produce deleterious biological effects and is a significant basis for canavanine's antimetabolic properties.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01639001

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