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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 604-604 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] DESPITE arguing until 4 a.m. on Wednesday last week, Europe's science ministers have failed to agree on a budget for the European Commission's 'framework' programme of research and development, a programme that aims to lay the basis for European cooperation in key areas of research and technology ...
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  • 2
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 604-604 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] STILL wriggling uncomfortably on the hook of human embryo research, the UK government last week issued a consultation paper on Legislation on Human Infertility Services and Embryo Research (Cm 46, HMSO, 2.90), asking for responses by the middle of 1987. The aim is then to introduce legislation, ...
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  • 3
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 605-605 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE British Medical Research Council (MRC) faces a deficit of 13.2 million by the end of the decade even if it does no more than maintain the existing rate of awards and renew long-term grants at an appropriate level. But there is also a pressing need to spend more on research into AIDS (acquired ...
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  • 4
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 606-606 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE US authorities are not doing enough to catch and prosecute unscrupulous food growers who may be steadily poisoning the American public through illicit use of pesticides. A study by the General Accounting Office (GAO) concludes that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the ...
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  • 5
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 606-606 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BRITISH manufacturing industry, part of which enjoys lucrative defence contracts, must itself spend more on research and development, says Mr John Fairclough, the government's chief scientific adviser. Annual government investment in research and development is 4,300 million, of which 51 per cent ...
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  • 6
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 605-605 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Tokyo JAPAN'S Volcanic Prediction Liaison Council seems to have been rewarded for its failure to forecast the behaviour of Mount Mihara on Oshima, the volcanic island south of Tokyo evacuated during a major eruption last month. The council has won substantial .new facilities on the island that ...
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  • 7
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 607-607 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington THE principal US military plutonium production reactor, a graphite-moderated plant similar to that at Chernobyl, is to be shut down for six months by the Department of Energy (DoE) to carry out urgent safety modifications which could cost about 50 million. The 23-year-old 'N' reactor ...
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  • 8
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 607-607 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RAMIZ Alia, who became leader of the Albania Workers' Party (AWP) on the death last year of Enver Hoxha, has an unusual approach to his country's non-renewable natural resources. "The interests of future generations", he told the AWP congress last month, demand that such assets as copper and ...
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  • 9
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 608-608 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE UK Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC) has at last taken delivery of its Cray X-MP/48 supercomputer, after much discussion between the British Department of Trade and Industry and the US Department of Commerce. For months, the latter has been concerned that "foreign aliens' might ...
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  • 10
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 608-608 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] New Delhi AFTER protracted negotiations, India and the United States have signed a document paving the way for the sale of a Cray-XMP supercomputer to India. The deal was approved in principle by the US administration eight months ago but became bogged down because of disagreements over the US ...
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  • 11
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 608-608 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sydney THE initial reaction of the Australian scientific community to the appointment of former New South Wales Premier and federal president of the Australian Labour Party (ALP), Mr Neville Wran, as head of Australia's largest research body, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research ...
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  • 12
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 609-609 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington OUTRAGE and calls for investigations have followed in the wake of revelations about field trials of a recombinant rabies vaccine conducted by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (see Nature 324, 202; 1986). Both the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and a congressional ...
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  • 13
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 618-619 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SERENDIPITY gave us the homoeobox1, a highly conserved DNA sequence of about 180 base pairs, first found in several Drosophila genes that control segmentation. Homoeoboxes were also detected in other segmented invertebrates and in several vertebrates including mammals, giving rise to the view2 that ...
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  • 14
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 620-620 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE tendency of many plant mitochond-rial genomes to undergo extensive rearrangements provides a satisfying framework for understanding the phenomenon of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a maternally inherited defect common to many higher plants that impairs the development of pollen. Some ...
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  • 15
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 621-621 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Although Williams, Caplow and Mclntosh1 correctly emphasize the important contribution of Horio and Hotani2 in verifying, by real-time experiments, the concept of the dynamic instability of micro-tubules, some of their points are off the mark and they have missed an opportunity to evaluate the ...
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  • 16
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 622-622 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Doran et al. (Nature 323, 803; 1986) have shown reasonable histological preservation of 8,000-year-old brain tissue from a bog site, yet they have not given an explanation for why the tissue preservation should be so good. We suggest that it is due to tannic acid and related compounds contained ...
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  • 17
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    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 324 (1986), S. 622-622 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Edwards' is correct that Islam and Lindgren2 have failed to recognize that their distribution function is a likelihood function. But he is incorrect in asserting that their conclusions are unwarranted and in assuming that physicists do not know how to work with small samples. In fact Islam and ...
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  • 18
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 622-622 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Wolstenholme et al have probably observed a well-preserved area of a mesh-work of the nuclear lamina lining the nuc-leoplasmic surface of the inner nuclear membrane which supports the interphase chromatin. It is unusual to observe any remnant of lamina in a metaphase preparation, but two ...
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  • 19
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 622-622 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-In view of the highly critical review of our book Archaeopteryx, The Primordial Bird: A Case of Fossil Forgery (Nature 324, 185; 1986) I would like to bring to your notice recent developments that would seem to have vindicated our views. The issue hinges on whether or not the material on which ...
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  • 20
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 626-626 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ROLF Sattler is a biologist who believes that it is important to understand the fundamental presuppositions of biology and how they influence research and even our view of life itself. In Biophilosophy he sets out to introduce other biologists to these ideas. I am in full sympathy with Sattler's ...
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  • 21
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 629-631 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NEW scientific discoveries do not always flow directly from those made just before. Rather, several varieties of discontinuity can be identified in the growth of science. Premature discoveries are those that scientists do not attend to in a timely way, and are retrospectively described as having ...
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  • 22
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 641-646 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The cDNA sequence of human c-erb-A, the cellular counterpart of the viral oncogene v-erb-A, indicates that the protein encoded by the gene is related to the steroid hormone receptors. Binding studies with the protein show it to be a receptor for thyroid ...
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  • 23
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 649-651 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During comet Halley's post-perihelion phase, we carried out observations with the 24-inch planetary patrol telescope at Perth Observatory, using a CCD (charge-coupled device) camera system which is one of two developed jointly with S. M. Larson (the system will be described elsewhere). The present ...
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  • 24
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 655-657 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Due to industrial and academic interest in stiff chain and semiflexible polymer molecules, there have been an increasing number of structural and rheological studies of liquid crystalline polymers in recent years. A banded texture is often noted in flow-oriented LCP specimens. Donald et al4 have ...
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  • 25
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 658-660 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Details of the crystallization sequence in the finger structures reported at Rhum have led to the realization that the mafic layers are pene-contemporaneous sills whose presence has caused melt-corrosion of the overlying rock4. Details are clarified in ref. 4, but the features central to the ...
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  • 26
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 657-658 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nitrogen oxide formation in combustion has received much attention3"7. The recognition4 that ammonia can be used to reduce nitric oxide in exhaust gases led to major efforts to characterize reactions important in the Thermal DeNOx process. The mechanisms and models that resulted have greatly ...
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  • 27
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] The nucleotide sequence of clone HHO.clS is shown in Fig. la. Multiple stop codons are present in each frame up to nucleotide 230. Translation of the longest reading frame from the ATG codon at base 250 would produce a peptide sequence of 255 amino-acid residues, containing a homoeo domain ...
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  • 28
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 668-670 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Gap mutant embryos lack a number of adjacent segments which define the domains of the wild-type gene requirement. Based on the deletion pattern (Fig. 1), zygotic hunchback (hb) activity is required for normal establishment of gnathal and thoracic segments (up to T3), Kruppel (Kr) for thoracic and ...
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  • 29
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    Notes: [Auszug] The autosomal recessive mutations Ipr and gld are non-allelic genes, yet the abnormal cells that populate the lymph nodes of mice homozygous for either mutation are indistinguishable by a wide variety of criteria. We have suggested that the mutations may affect different components of a common ...
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  • 30
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Torpedo and bovine AChRs were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by microinjection of the respective a-9 ft-, y- and 6-subunit-specific messenger RNAs synthesized by transcription in vitro of the cloned cDNAs (refs 2, 4, 6). Figure la compares the sizes of acetylcholine(ACh)-activated ...
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Windover pond (8BR246) is in Brevard County, Florida, USA. The pond (60 x 80 m) seasonally fluctuates in depth to a maximum of 1 m and contains a soft bottom composed of several distinct peat strata, total depth 4-5 m (Fig. 1). The uppermost black, sawgrass peat (W. Spackman and R. G. Holloway, ...
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  • 32
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 506-506 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington "DISTRUST and dislike" between AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) researchers is the probable explanation for incidents of tampering at the federal Centers for Disease Control (CDC) AIDS programme laboratory in Atlanta, Georgia, according to a special independent assessment by ...
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] PET records the spatial distribution of an administered radio-nuclide in selected planes of the in vivo brain. Spatial resolution in PET images, however, is inherently limited. This limitation is described most simply by reference to point sources of radioactivity, as follows. Emission detection ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 507-507 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] LAST week the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, in the final stages of its initial commissioning tests, received its first radio signals from space. The 20-million instrument, installed at Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii, is the largest telescope in the world operating in the submillimetre region of ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 507-507 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Bangalore INDIA has been trying for many years without success to evolve a comprehensive national water policy, but this goal is now a step nearer. The chief need is for efficient and integrated management of water resources and more effective use of irrigation facilities. Mr B. Shankarananda, ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 508-508 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Your article on research in Italy (Nature, 323, 751; 1986) depicts the Italian government as working quickly at reorganizing the national research institutions. As a researcher with 18 years' experience and an employee of the National Research Council (CNR) which, with its 6,189 employees, is ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 508-508 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Whether or not he was summarizing the views expressed in Crosby's Ecological Imperialism, The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900, Roy Porter (Nature 323, 587; 1986) shows extreme ignorance when he suggests that the Maori people of Aotearoa (New Zealand) "were stuck in the time-warp of the ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 508-508 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-I have been following with interest the recent correspondence in your pages on evolution, creation science and neo-darwinsim. The letter from T.D. lies1, pointing out the regrettable habit of neo-darwinians of making exclusive claims on the interpretation and exposition of evolutionary ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 509-509 
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    Notes: [Auszug] RESEARCHERS should learn from journalists the dangers of words such as "first". Those who describe some event as the first of its kind are almost certain to be assailed by readers saying that it is nothing of the kind. But to play safe by using qualifiers as in "the first recorded demonstration..." ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 510-510 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE scope of materials that display interesting electrical, magnetic and structural properties at very low temperatures has now been extended by Underhill and co-workers, who on page 547 of this issue1 describe the first two-dimensional organo-metallic compound that exists in an integral oxidation ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 510-511 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE question of how cells estimate their location within the body has preoccupied embryologists for the past century, but when posed by Stumpf1 almost exactly 20 years ago, it seemed to have the beginnings of an answer. The concept of gradients, first explicitly propounded by T.H. Morgan, was ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 819-822 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During an investigation of the effects of human TNFs on the production of IFN-y by human lymphocytes, we observed that purified recombinant TNF-a and TNF-/3 had IFN-like activity and inhibited virus-mediated cytopathic effects. Pretreatment of a human renal carcinoma cell line (7860) with TNF-a ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 517-517 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Ford has suggested that leaf fall is the mechanism of excretion in vascular plants1. But to view the senescing leaf simply as an 'excretophore' may be to limit our vision. Some species may avoid accumulating high concentrations of heavy metals by removing them in senescent leaves2. The dead ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 517-517 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-When I wrote my paper on undirectional spin1, which was recently referred to in Nature2, I unhappily had not seen a paper3 on this topic which preceded mine by a few years. This highly illuminating work, which overlaps mine hardly at all, is particularly to be recommended to your readers for ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 518-518 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Angel et al.1 while advocating the use of a 16 m diameter telescope optimized for infrared observations to search for Earth-like planets outside the Solar System, criticize my suggestion2 of using an interferometric system, operating at optical wavelengths, for the same purpose. Their criticism ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 518-518 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ANGEL et al. reply-Burke has defined a mirror surface by equation (1) with / = 1 cm, showing that a relatively large r.m.s. error can be combined with very low sidelobes at 1/4 arc second radius. But this bears little relationship to the best optical surfaces currently made. In practice, errors are ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 554-557 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Creep of rock salt has been the subject of extensive investigations over the past two decades1. Existing data3,4 show good agreement for a wide range of rock salts, and satisfactorily describe short-term mine convergence5. Long-term rheological properties, however, are not accessible in the ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 557-559 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The Tertiary mudstones and interbedded sandstones of the USA Gulf Coast represent one of the world's most intensively studied sedimentary sequences. Many fundamental concepts concerning the nature, timing and consequences of shale diagenesis were developed through work in this area1,5,9-12. Of ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 559-561 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Moored sediment trap (MST) flux Mass flux C N Date (mg m2 d"1) (mg2 d"1) (mgm^d"1) MST l 25 Feb.- 5 March 1984 70m.o.b. 1,240198 546 61 lOm.o.b. 5,450 467 199 44 20 7 MST 2 5-31 March 1984 70m.o.b. 1,810239 11028 125 lOm.o.b. 3,815418 15918 194 MST 3 4-7 April 1984 70m.o.b. 2,298 ...
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    Nature 324 (1986), S. 561-563 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Over the past 10 years many workers (Table 1) have reported the presence, in recent sediments, of a group of C25 hydrocarbons of unknown structure. The compounds are abundant and are very widely distributed; for example, they are the major hydrocarbons present in sediments from a New England salt ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Most chloroplast proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently transported into the organelle by a post-transla-tional, ATP-dependent mechanism (for reviews see refs 4 and 5). The proteins are initially synthesized as larger precursors containing amino-terminal pre-sequences ('transit ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Pretreatment characteristics of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism Patient Age no. (yr) Sex Untreated serum calcium (mgdP1; low limit of normal = 8.4) Untreated serum phosphorus (mgdP1; upper limit of normal = 4.8) Serum PTH when hypocalcaemict Peak urinary cAMP response to PTH (nmol ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 253-255 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Although there is general agreement that the great worldwide extinction event of marine floras and faunas signalled the end of the Mesozoic Era, there is less agreement as to whether terrestrial taxa were synchronously affected by the extinction event8'9. To test the model of universal biotic ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] At our study site at a depth of 1,240 m in the Santa Catalina Basin8 (3312''N, 118 30' W), large mounds (-10 cm high and 30 cm in diameter) are relatively abundant, covering ~2% of the sea bed. The most common type of mound is apparently formed of faecal pellets from a large echiuran worm, probably ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 255-257 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Plants and animals are not uniformly distributed in nature. Two contrasting mechanisms5'6 have been proposed to explain the empirical power-function relationship between s2 and M (ref. 7). One mechanism suggests that the fitted exponent b is a measure of spatial heterogeneity that results from a ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Species of the genus Drosophila have been assigned to several subgenera, the largest of which are the Sophophora and the Drosophila. D. melanogaster is a species of the subgenus Sophophora, which is divided into four groups, obscura, saltans, willistoni and melanogaster, the last one being divided ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Miller et a\? have shown recently that the amino-acid sequence of TFIIIA contains multiple repeats of a 30-residue unit which they called a 'finger'. There are nine such fingers in the 344-residue TFIIIA, each of which contains the sequence Cys .. Cys .... His .. His and is thought to complex a ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 664-664 
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    Notes: [Auszug] JAMES AND SIELECKI REPLY-Acid activation of porcine pepsinogen has long been known to involve conformational changes1'2 that can be reversed by rapidly returning the pH of the solution to neutrality. Conformational changes on a time scale of 5 ms-2 s have also been detected by stopped flow ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 273-275 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Single cells from frog ventricle were voltage-clamped with the whole-cell f ch clamp technique as described previously7. To block K+ currents, the patch pipette contained an intracellular medium with 120mM Cs and the cells were superfused with 20 mM Cs. The fast Na+ current was blocked with ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 488-488 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Hamburg WEST Germany and the Soviet Union have agreed on closer cooperation in science and technology. Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher signed a framework treaty in Moscow two weeks ago which covers three sub-agreements on nuclear power, medical and agricultural research. Fifteen two-year ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 489-489 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington JUST minutes before midnight on 30 July, Japanese and US negotiators reached a comprehensive agreement on trade in semiconductors. Under the terms of the five-year agreement, the Japanese government will both help US semiconductor companies to increase their share of the Japanese market ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 489-489 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington FEARFUL that US industry is not doing enough by itself to tap the voluminous output of Japanese scientific and technical literature, the US Senate is expected this week to agree to set aside 1 million per year for efforts to make access easier. How the money will be spent has not yet ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 491-491 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington AN agreement between the University of Alaska at Anchorage and the Siberian Branch of the Soviet Academy of Medicine to study problems of human adaptation to circumpolar living was endorsed by a Soviet delegation visiting Washington last week. But last minute uncertainty about official ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 492-492 
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    Notes: [Auszug] THE numbers of doctorates awarded to men and women in the United States in 1985, taken from a report from the National Science Foundation division of science resource studies. In total 4,531 doctorates were awarded in physical sciences (3,817 to men, 714 to women) compared with 5,748 in the life ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 493-493 
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    Notes: [Auszug] AT long last the world has an international forum that could help avert the total destruction of tropical forests. All the major tropical timber producing and consuming nations agreed in Geneva last week to put into operation the International Tropical Timber Agreement. Among its clauses are those ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 494-494 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Elitzur1 criticizes Marks3 for having omitted "representative" works. I know of no work that could be acceptable as a case for parapsychology. As for the extraordinary instrumental sophistication proudly presented, my question is why such a complicated mess is necessary for the basically rather ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 496-497 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A newly recovered cranium of one of the early human species called robust australopithecines may well force palaeo-anthropologists to reconsider the evolutionary relationships among all Australopithecus forms. On page 517 of this issue1, Walker and colleagues describe two specimens (a partial lower ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 500-500 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR Geoffrey Ingram Taylor OM, FRS was one of the giants of physical science in this century. His work was at the centre of research on the mechanics of fluids and solids and their application to aeronautics, chemical engineering, meteorology, mechanical engineering, metal physics and oceanography. ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 502-503 
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    Notes: [Auszug] EXPERIMENTAL evidence indicating that major histocompatibility antigens have an important role in host defences against the development and spread of tumours is rapidly accumulating. Various spontaneous as well as experimentally induced animal tumour cells exhibit quantitative and qualitative ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 505-505 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SUSY GUTS is not a radical feminist, but a theory that is designed to unify the fundamental forces of nature. The reader will find this, along with many other esoteric facts, relieved by occasional gossipy anecdotes, in the latest book from prolific science writer John Gribbin. In Search of the ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 505-506 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SCIENCE Confronts the Paranormal contains a selection of articles published by the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal in its journal The Skeptical Inquirer. The book is divided into two sections. The first of them, "Assessing Claims of Paranormal Phenomena", is ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 508-508 
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN THE battle being fought in many countries to protect rare or declining species, wildlife conservationists are often severely handicapped by lack of knowledge. What are the species' numbers and distribution? What are its requirements, and how can these be accommodated in a changing environment? ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 511-517 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Optical spectra of the black hole candidate X-ray binary LMC X-l reveal that the system is surrounded by an extended, highly ionized He III region, N159F, which appears to be the long-sought-for example of an X-ray-photoionized nebula. The spatially resolved temperature and ionization structure ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 524-526 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 a, Orion-KL line spectrum at 2 MHz resolution (see Table 1). The abscissa is USB frequency relative to 307,165 MHz, assuming a source VLSR of +8.8 km s"1. As this spectrum represents the alignment and averaging of data taken at centre frequencies of both 307,165 and 307,161 MHz, to ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 102-102 
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    Notes: [Auszug] New Delhi INDIA now has a new kind of brain drain to worry about. Added to the old problem of the loss of highly qualified scientists to posts abroad is an "internal haemorrhage" to foreign high-technology companies that are coming to India to take advantage of the low salaries. Liberal policies ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Washington ADVANCED Genetic Sciences fights on. The California biotechnology company, fined earlier this year for improper testing of its ice-minus bacteria, has announced Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approval of its second round of test results. This frees the company to find a site for ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Budapest HUNGARY'S new system of grants for basic research comes into operation this month. An injection of 4,000 million forints (66 million) for the period to 1990 makes Hungary one of the few countries in the world, and the only one in the socialist bloc, to be increasing its investment in pure ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] Cambridge, Massachusetts "By Universe, I mean the universe in which Harvard is located." Thus did Professor George B. Field, professor of astronomy at Harvard University, ironically echo the mood of three days of celebrations of the 350th anniversary of the oldest university in the United States, ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] INSTEAD of the usual honorary degrees, Harvard this year awarded university medals to twenty people including Professor Margaret Kivelson (Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles); Dr Adetokundo O. Lucas (now with the Carnegie Corporation, but director of the WHO programme ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 104-104 
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Tim Beardsley's article on the recently issued US biotechnology guidelines (Nature 322, 398; 1986) indirectly implies that this association has expressed the belief that the exemption of well-defined non-coding regulatory sequences from the administration's regulatory proposal should be ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-The article by Tim Beardsley on the biotechnology guidelines (Nature 322, 398; 1986) inaccurately implies that the Association of Biotechnology Companies (ABC) wants the exemption of well-defined non-coding regulatory sequences removed from the US regulatory agencies' biotechnology proposal, ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Concern about the effects of the epidemic of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has related predominantly to the developed countries, but AIDS is a disease affecting people everywhere and in developing countries, such as those of central Africa, coping with AIDS presents particularly ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] PERIODICITIES in astronomical X-ray sources are legion, but occasionally one is discovered that leads to the postulation of either a new class of astronomical object, or a familiar object in a remarkable configuration. The latter would seem to be the case with the discovery, announced last week, of ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] FORTY years ago, the famous experiments of Karl von Frisch showed that bees can navigate using polarized light patterns in the sky1. The mechanism by which they perform this feat remained unknown until a recent series of experiments led Rossel and colleagues to propose a simple, comprehensive ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] HELIUM atom scattering is the ultimate surface tool, in that penetration into the bulk can be entirely neglected. The latest of several powerful tools for studies of surface structure and vibrations to reach maturity, the technique has in the hands of a group at Julich, West Germany1 4 revealed ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] A slice through the Bencubbin meteorite found in Australia shows the shock-welded matrix surrounding metal with silicate and chondritic clasts. On page 138 of this issue, I.A. Franchi, I.P. Wright & C.T. Pillinger of The Planetary Science Unit at the Open University, UK show that virtually all ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] TELECOMMUNICATIONS networks have to choose routes dynamically to make the best use of lines available at each moment. If the most direct link for an attempted conversation or data packet is busy, an exchange tries to find a more roundabout way to get the message through. Complex and ingenious ...
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    Notes: [Auszug] A LARGE coral reef typically consists of many species, thousands of colonies and millions of polyps. But most corals can reproduce asexually, suggesting that many colonies are genetically identical members of the same clone. How many different genotypes are actually represented among the colonies ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 110-110 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CAROL Condit and Rich Meagher, on page 178 of this issue1, report the discovery of a gene in petunia plants that is predicted to encode a protein containing 67% glycine residues with a sequence mainly conforming to the formula (glycine-X),,, where X is frequently glycine. The product of the gene is ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 110-111 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BONE marrow transplantation is now widely used in human beings as a treatment for both acquired and genetically determined diseases. However, transplantation between individuals who are not genetically identical may give rise to an immunological reaction of host cells against donor cells resulting ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 111-111 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RECENT developments in the earth sciences provide remarkable insights into the composition of the Earth's interior and of other bodies in the Solar System, but uncertainty remains about the make-up of other parts of the Earth. The question of whether or not the continental crust, especially its ...
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  • 92
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 112-112 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RECONSTRUCTIONS of mediaeval village life conjure up an image of harsh, feudal conditions for an undernourished peasant community. The remarkable contemporary descriptions of the fourteenth century Pyrenean village of Montaillou suggest badly constructed dwellings, a poor diet and long hard winters ...
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  • 93
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 112-113 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE many cell-surface receptors that regulate adenylate cyclase do so through two guanine nucleotide-dependent G proteins (or N-proteins), one of them stimulatory (Gs) and the other inhibitory (Gj)1. Recent work has revealed that these are two members of a large family of G proteins that are ...
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    Nature 323 (1986), S. 113-113 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] GEORGYI FRANTSEVICH GAUSE, who died on 2 May 1986, belonged to two worlds in biology. His early ecological and evolutionary papers were almost unknown in the antibiotic community, and ecologists thought that he was lost to biology when he turned to antibiotics. In fact he made outstanding ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 434-436 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Compton and Getting1 showed that a cosmic-ray detector with an energy threshold would observe an enhanced intensity when it moved along its direction of maximum sensitivity with respect to the rest frame of the cosmic-ray plasma. If the cosmic-ray energy distribution were a power law of the form ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 412-412 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-While I agree with most of A.E. Walsby's News and Views comment1 on the significance of the discovery by Burger-Wiersma et al.- of a filamentous prochlorophyte, I must take issue with his statement that the pairing or stacking of thylakoids (chlorophyll-bearing membranes) ". . . may be a ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 430-434 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent homogenized near-surface temperature data over the land and oceans of both hemispheres during the past 130 years are combined to produce the first comprehensive estimates of global mean temperature. The results show little trend in the nineteenth century, marked warming to 1940, relatively ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 444-446 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For consistency with the most recent studies, most of the calculations reported here have used the dates given by Harland et al.9 for 296 magnetic reversals in the past 165 Myr. Raup2 and Lutz7 displayed histograms of these dates in bins with widths of 5 and 8.27 Myr, respectively. Because 5 Myr is ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 449-450 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In northern summer of 1982 a large El Nino episode began. This event produced dramatic effects in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (disappearance of the equatorial undercurrent3, for example) and induced global changes in atmospheric conditions4. Initially, there was considerable discussion of the ...
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    Nature 322 (1986), S. 436-438 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Geometrical coordinates used in analysing the ground-based and IRAS observations of the disk orbiting j8 Pic. The disk is taken to be uniformly thick in the vertical direction and in an edge-on orientation as seen from Earth, a, Edge-on view; 6, top view. Fig. 2 Comparison of models for m^ ...
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