ALBERT

Description: At the end of the summer 2021, an increase in CO2 emissions at Vulcano brought to an increase in the alert level and, as a consequence, to the upgrade of the monitoring activities by increasing the number of instruments deployed and the rate of the surveys. One of the new devices installed was a geodetic GNSS mobile network for a Real-Time and High-Frequency monitoring of ground deformation, to increase the detail with respect to the existing permanent network. The whole dataset provided here, consists of 1022 files for a total of 13GB of GNSS RINEX raw data. The GNSS data archive is organized in 4 folders, one for each station, named with the site abbreviation (namely, VCAM, VCOA, VCST and VPRT). Within each folder, there are all the raw data files for that station, one for each day of acquisition. Names of the files are structured following the RINEX 3 standard, the first 4 digits being the station code, that is an S and the last 3 digits of the receiver serial number. The date of acquisition is given by the 11 digits in the central part of the name, in the format YYYYDDDHHMM; namely, 4 digits for the year, followed by 3 digits for the day of the year (from 1 to 365 or 366 for leap years) and then 2 digits for the hour and 2 for the minute of the starting time.

Description: First- and second-year sea-ice thickness, draft, salinity, temperature, and density were measured during two ice stations on 24 October 2022 and 30 October 2022 during leg 1 of the GoNorth 2022 expedition. The ice cores were extracted with 7.25-cm (Mark III) internal diameter ice corers (Kovacs Enterprise, US). During each ice station, ice temperature was measured in situ from a separate temperature core, using Ebro TFX 410 Thermometer thermometers in drill holes with a length of half-core-diameter at 5 cm vertical resolution. Ice bulk practical salinity was measured from melted core sections at 5 cm resolution using a Mettler Toledo SevenGo conductivity meter. Sea ice density was measured using the hydrostatic weighing method (Pustogvar and Kulyakhtin, 2016) from several density cores in the freezer laboratory onboard RV Kronprins Haakon at the temperature from –10°C to –14°C. Relative volumes of brine and gas were estimated from ice salinity, temperature, and density using Cox and Weeks (1983) for cold ice and Leppäranta and Manninen (1988) for ice warmer than –2°C. This sea ice physics data was collected during leg 1 of the GoNorth 2022 scientific expedition on 14 October – 3 November 2022 (cruise number 2022713) on the RV Kronprins Haakon. The ice cores were collected at two ice stations (Station 6 and Super Station 14) located at 82°13.56' N and 26°41.43' E for the first and 82°31.05' N and 17°30.04' E for the second sea ice station in the area north of Svalbard. The data contains the event label (1), station (2), time (3), global coordinates (4,5) of each coring measurement, ice type (11), and sample ID (12). Each core has its manually measured ice thickness (6), ice draft (7), snow height (8), and local coordinates for each ice station (7,8). Each core section has the total length of its top (13) and bottom (14) measured in situ. Each core section has the value of its practical salinity (15), each core section of a temperature core has the value of its in situ temperature (16), and each core section of density cores has the value of its ice density (18). Each core section also has laboratory temperature (17), an estimate of brine volume fraction (19), and gas volume fraction (20).

Description: At the end of the summer 2021, an increase in CO2 emissions at Vulcano brought to an increase in the alert level and, as a consequence, to the upgrade of the monitoring activities by increasing the number of instruments deployed and the rate of the surveys. One of the new devices installed was a geodetic GNSS mobile network for a Real-Time and High-Frequency monitoring of ground deformation, to increase the detail with respect to the existing permanent network. The whole dataset provided here, consists of 1022 files for a total of 13GB of GNSS RINEX raw data. The GNSS data archive is organized in 4 folders, one for each station, named with the site abbreviation (namely, VCAM, VCOA, VCST and VPRT). Within each folder, there are all the raw data files for that station, one for each day of acquisition. Names of the files are structured following the RINEX 3 standard, the first 4 digits being the station code, that is an S and the last 3 digits of the receiver serial number. The date of acquisition is given by the 11 digits in the central part of the name, in the format YYYYDDDHHMM; namely, 4 digits for the year, followed by 3 digits for the day of the year (from 1 to 365 or 366 for leap years) and then 2 digits for the hour and 2 for the minute of the starting time.

Description: At the end of the summer 2021, an increase in CO2 emissions at Vulcano brought to an increase in the alert level and, as a consequence, to the upgrade of the monitoring activities by increasing the number of instruments deployed and the rate of the surveys. One of the new devices installed was a geodetic GNSS mobile network for a Real-Time and High-Frequency monitoring of ground deformation, to increase the detail with respect to the existing permanent network. The whole dataset provided here, consists of 1022 files for a total of 13GB of GNSS RINEX raw data. The GNSS data archive is organized in 4 folders, one for each station, named with the site abbreviation (namely, VCAM, VCOA, VCST and VPRT). Within each folder, there are all the raw data files for that station, one for each day of acquisition. Names of the files are structured following the RINEX 3 standard, the first 4 digits being the station code, that is an S and the last 3 digits of the receiver serial number. The date of acquisition is given by the 11 digits in the central part of the name, in the format YYYYDDDHHMM; namely, 4 digits for the year, followed by 3 digits for the day of the year (from 1 to 365 or 366 for leap years) and then 2 digits for the hour and 2 for the minute of the starting time.

Description: At the end of the summer 2021, an increase in CO2 emissions at Vulcano brought to an increase in the alert level and, as a consequence, to the upgrade of the monitoring activities by increasing the number of instruments deployed and the rate of the surveys. One of the new devices installed was a geodetic GNSS mobile network for a Real-Time and High-Frequency monitoring of ground deformation, to increase the detail with respect to the existing permanent network. The whole dataset provided here, consists of 1022 files for a total of 13GB of GNSS RINEX raw data. The GNSS data archive is organized in 4 folders, one for each station, named with the site abbreviation (namely, VCAM, VCOA, VCST and VPRT). Within each folder, there are all the raw data files for that station, one for each day of acquisition. Names of the files are structured following the RINEX 3 standard, the first 4 digits being the station code, that is an S and the last 3 digits of the receiver serial number. The date of acquisition is given by the 11 digits in the central part of the name, in the format YYYYDDDHHMM; namely, 4 digits for the year, followed by 3 digits for the day of the year (from 1 to 365 or 366 for leap years) and then 2 digits for the hour and 2 for the minute of the starting time.

Description: At the end of the summer 2021, an increase in CO2 emissions at Vulcano brought to an increase in the alert level and, as a consequence, to the upgrade of the monitoring activities by increasing the number of instruments deployed and the rate of the surveys. One of the new devices installed was a geodetic GNSS mobile network for a Real-Time and High-Frequency monitoring of ground deformation, to increase the detail with respect to the existing permanent network. The whole dataset provided here, consists of 1022 files for a total of 13GB of GNSS RINEX raw data. The GNSS data archive is organized in 4 folders, one for each station, named with the site abbreviation (namely, VCAM, VCOA, VCST and VPRT). Within each folder, there are all the raw data files for that station, one for each day of acquisition. Names of the files are structured following the RINEX 3 standard, the first 4 digits being the station code, that is an S and the last 3 digits of the receiver serial number. The date of acquisition is given by the 11 digits in the central part of the name, in the format YYYYDDDHHMM; namely, 4 digits for the year, followed by 3 digits for the day of the year (from 1 to 365 or 366 for leap years) and then 2 digits for the hour and 2 for the minute of the starting time.

Description: Here we present the concentrations of inorganic nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phophorus and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from discrete water samples collected with a CTD-rosette during the European Iron Fertilization Experiment (EIFEX). The experiment was carried out from February 11 to March 20, 2004 in the 60-km diameter, rotating core of an eddy, formed by a meander of the Antarctic Polar Front (centred at around 49°10' S and 2°10' E). Samples were taken within the eddy inside and outside the fertilized patch, and in a few cases outside the eddy. Inorganic nutrients (silicate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) were measured with a Technicon Autoanalyser II system using standard methods. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined by high temperature combustion using a TOC-VCPH/CPN (Shimadzu) according to Skoog et al. (1997). Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was measured on an Evolution continuous flow analyser (Alliance Instruments) after Valderrama (1981). Dissolved inorganic carbon was measured by coulometric titration (Johnson et al., 1987) using a SOMMA system with gas loop calibration with a reproducibility of 2 mmol/kg. DIC was calibrated against certified reference materials from Andrew Dickson at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO).

Description: Time series off Concepcion (Chile) was initiated on half 2002 by Concepción University (Chile) in order to characterize the main scales of temporal variability of main biogeochemical carbon (C )and nitrogen (N) cycling at a single location and relate them to physical processes (i.e. El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO). The central area off Chile has the widest continental shelf of Chile, extended about 40 km offshore. This system presents other important features: it is under the influence of wind-driven coastal upwelling with a strong seasonal pattern and it is certainly one of most productive regions in the ocean and also is characterized by a semi-permanent (fluctuating in extension) oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) extending from ca. 30 m depth down to depth, which bath the shelf sediments. Its hydrographic structure is strongly affected by runoff from the Itata and Bio Bio river (up to 3000 m3 s-1) with maximum discharges during winter. This data report was focussed on nitrous oxide (N2O) measurements and ancillary variables at monthly frequency to determine how changes in the nutricline, oxycline and others control N2O distribution. Starting on July 2002 the time series was initiated with a single station located off Dichato, corresponding to Station 18, located at 36º30,8' S - 73º07,7' W, with a depth of 90 m depth. At this station, a CTD with oxygen sensor (CTDO) was deployed from surface to near the bottom and water samples was obtained with 10L Niskin bottles, at the following discrete depth: surface, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 65, 80 m depth. Nitrate and N2O (a greenhouse gas) was included in the measurement using methodology delineated by Farías et al. (2015). This dataset includes data that was collected with the research vessel KAY KAY II between 2016 and 2020.

Description: Along the ice rich pan-Arctic permafrost coasts thermokarst lagoons are a common landscape feature. These lagoons form when thermokarst lakes are inundated permanently or intermittently by the sea. This is the first estimation of the area of pan-Arctic thermokarst lagoons based on the mapping of 79 lagoons in 5 representative arctic regions: Mackenzie Delta (CA), Theshekpuk Lake coast (USA), Baldwin Peninsula (USA), Tiksi coast (RU), Lena Delta (RU). The extent of each of the lagoons was determined using the Global Surface Water dataset which is based on Landsat-5, -7, and -8 satellite images from 1984 to 2018 at 30m resolution (Pekel et al., 2016). Water bodies were defined by a water occurrence threshold of 〉75% over this time period. The raster dataset was vectorized and smaller geometric errors, which occurred during vectorization, were solved with the Fix Geometry function in QGIS3.6. The lagoon polygons were selected manually and these water bodies were split from the ocean by using the function “split by line”. The calculation of the polygon area is based on the re-projection in EPSG:32608, EPSG:26905, EPSG:32604, EPSG:32652 for Mackenzie Delta, Teshekpuk Lake coast, Baldwin Peninsula, Tiksi and Lena Delta coast respectively. The lagoon selection is based on the published dataset https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934158. The dataset consists of a polygon shape file for the 79 extracted thermokarst lagoons, a point shape file with coordinates for all lagoons and a data sheet.

Description: This data set has biological measurements and stomach content analysis for fourteen specimens of Centrolophus niger which were frozen whole at sea during the Icelandic part of the International Ecosystem Summer Survey in Nordic Seas (IESSNS) in July 2017 and July 2021. In 2017, three specimens were collected to confirm species identification by a specialist at home institute. In 2021, all caught specimens were collected for detailed biological study. The C. niger were by-catch in a scientific pelagic ecosystem survey which includes trawling, cod-end mesh size 50 mm, in the surface layer, trawl headline visible in surface and foot rope at approximately 35 m depth. Four images are provided for each specimen, proximal and distal side of both left and right otolith. For detailed information about the surveys see the cruise reports attached to the campaigns. The data is provided by the Marine and Freshwater Research Institute (MFRI) in Iceland.