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  • Articles  (28)
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  • Articles  (28)
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  • Springer  (28)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Cambridge University Press
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (22)
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  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological control of the leafminer Liriomyza bryoniae by seasonal inoculative releases of Diglyphus isaea: simulation of a parasitoid-host system (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 203-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Liriomyza bryoniae ; Diglyphus isaea ; simulation model ; biological control ; parasitoid-host interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A deterministic model was developed to simulate population growth of the agromyzid flyLiriomyza bryoniae and the parasitoidDiglyphus isaea. The model has two driving variables, ambient temperature and leaf nitrogen content of the tomato plant. Results of a glasshouse experiment were used to validate the model. The timing of successive generations of leafminers was simulated accurately over four generations. Population growth of leafminers was correctly simulated during the first two generations, but overestimated in the third generation. Mortality of leafminers due to parasitism was overestimated in the first generation after introduction of parasitoids: 73% instead of the observed 30%. A nearly 100% mortality of leafminers was correctly simulated in the second generation after introduction of parasitoids. Sensitivity analysis was performed for three types of variables: (1) driving variables, temperature and leaf nitrogen content; (2) parasitoid traits, searching efficiency and allocation of attacks to host feeding and oviposition, and (3) introduction strategies for biological control, timing, number of releases and number of parasitoids per release. Population growth was sensitive to temperature, leaf nitrogen content, searching efficiency of parasitoids and numbers of parasitoids released.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974383
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospects for improving potato crop protection against aphid vectors (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: cultural measures ; chemical control ; biological control ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Conventional ways to control aphid vectors on potato crops rely essentially on cultural and chemical methods. The extensive use of insecticides, too often applied regardless of real needs and consequences, has resulted in more and more failures in both controlling aphids and virus spread. This paper stresses the need to introduce more rationale in the operation of existing methods by improving the efficiency of some of them like forecasting systems, to assess the potential of others like fertilization and semiochemicals and to put most efforts on resistant cultivars so that integrated pest management can be operated in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974470
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycolytic activities in some fungicolous fungi (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 98 (1992), S. 77-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: biological control ; hyperparasites ; cell wall degradation ; enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Some fungal species isolated from other fungi were tested for their capacity to degrade chitin, cellulose and laminarin. Only three entomophagous fungi degraded native chitin. However colloidal chitin was degraded by all fungi tested except four. Cellulolytic activity was mainly found in fungi with a poor performance against cucumber powdery mildew. This suggests that the capacity to produce cellulase is not important for successful mycoparasitic activity against cucumber powdery mildew. A good correlation was found between the capacity to degrade laminarin and the mycoparasitic activity of the fungi that were investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01998080
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the populations of microorganisms associated with the application of soil amendments to control Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 144 (1992), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biological control ; Sclerotium rolfsii ; furfural ; slow-release N fertilizer compounds ; soil microflora
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Populations of microorganisms from soil treated with guanidine thiocyanate, guanylurea sulfate, thiourea, or furfural were compared with those of untreated soil. The materials effected quantitative and/or qualitative changes in composition of the soil microflora depending on the compound used. Guanidine thiocyanate (Gt) significantly (p≤0.05) increased total fungal populations relative to populations of other treatments. Populations of Penicillium purpurogenum were markedly higher in Gt-treated soil. Gt also increased total bacterial populations, and was the only compound that increased actinomycete populations. The relative percentage of Trichoderma harzianum was significantly higher in soil treated with thiourea than in the other treatments. Furfural increased the percentage of P. purpurogenum with respect to total fungi, and was as effective as guanylurea sulfate in increasing chitinolytic bacteria and those in the Pseudomonas cepacia-group. Thiourea most effectively promoted proliferation of coryneform bacteria. Chitinolytic fungi increased synergistically when Gt and guanylurea sulfate were applied in combination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018845
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of soil factors and cultural practice on biological control of sheath blight of rice with antagonistic bacteria (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 144 (1992), S. 67-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: antagonism ; bacterization ; biological control ; sheath blight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fluorescent and nonfluorescent strains of bacteria isolated from rice rhizospheres on the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) farm were evaluated for in vitro antibiosis towards the sheath blight (ShB) pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, and for suppression of ShB in detached rice leaves. Efficient strains were located on the basis of consistent performance in two laboratory tests. Among nine efficient strains, 3 strains were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, 5 strains were tentatively identified as Bacillus spp. and one strain was identified as Enterobacter. In three greenhouse tests lowland rice soils with optimum pH for rice growth (pH 5.5–6.5), acidic pH (pH 5.0) and boron toxicity were found more suitable for biological control of ShB and, less frequently, also yield increases than were alkaline (pH 6.9) and zinc-deficient soils. Bacterial treatments afforded significant ShB reductions in 3 field experiments, but no significant yield increases resulted. In direct-seeded rice best performances by bacterial treatments in terms of ShB suppression were 66 and 98% during DS 1988 and WS 1988, respectively, which were comparable to or better than the performance of validamycin (a fungicide routinely used for ShB control) which afforded 42 and 63% disease suppression, respectively, in the same experiments. Although bacterial treatments caused ShB reductions both in direct-seeded and transplanted rice crops, disease control was more pronounced in direct-seeded than in transplanted crops. These results indicate that carefully selected strains of bacterial antagonists have the potential for ShB suppression in rice at least in areas where direct-seeding is practised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018846
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhizosphere bacteria antagonistic to soybean cyst (Heterodera glycines) and root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) nematodes: Identification by fatty acid analysis and frequency of biological control activity (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 139 (1992), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: antagonistic plants ; biological control ; fatty acids ; Heterodera glycines ; Meloidogyne incognita ; rhizobacteria ; rhizosphere ; soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Rhizosphere bacteria were isolated from roots of young and mature plants with known antagonism to phytopathogenic nematodes, including velvet bean (Mucuna deeringiana), castor bean (Ricinus communis), sword bean (Cannavalia ensiformis), and Abruzzi rye (Secale cereale). Isolates from antagonistic plants were compared to soybean isolates for the frequency of antagonism to the root-knot (Meloidogyne incognita) and soybean cyst (Heterodera schachtii) nematodes in a disease assay with soybean. Bacterial isolates were identified using fatty acid analysis, and isolates which exhibited a significant reduction in incidence of soybean damage from both nematodes were characterized physiologically. The bacterial taxa associated with antagonistic plants were markedly different from soybean bacteria. Isolates from soybean were predominantly Bacillus spp., while those from antagonistic plants included more coryneform and Gram-negative genera. Pseudomonas cepacia and Pseudomonas gladioli were predominant among Gram-negative bacteria on antagonistic plants but were not isolated from soybean. Four to six times the number of bacteria from antagonistic plants, compared to soybean, significantly reduced disease incidence of both nematodes. No single pattern of physiological reactions was common among all these bacteria, suggesting that multiple mechanisms accounted for the observed biological control. The results suggest that rhizospheres of antagonistic plants may be useful sources of potential biological control agents for phytopathogenic nematodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012844
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamique des populations deRastrococcus invadens [Hom.: Pseudococcidae] au Congo; Influence de l'introduction accidentelle du parasitoïde asiatiqueGyranusoïdea tebygi [Hym.: Encyrtidae] (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 123-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Rastrococcus invadens ; Gyranusoïdea tebygi ; manguier ; frangipanier ; parasitoïde ; hyperparasitisme ; lutte biologique ; dynamique des populations ; Rastrococcus invadens ; Gyranusoidea tebygi ; mango ; frangipani ; parasitoid ; hyperparasitoid ; biological control ; population dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The study of fruit-trees mealybugRastrococcus invadens Williams [Hom.: Pseudococcidae] population dynamics, before and after accidental introduction of the Indo-Pakistani primary parasitoidGyranusoidea tebygi Noyes [Hym.: Encyrtidae], was investigated in Congo, on two of its host-plants, mango (Mangifera indica L.,Anacardiaceae) and frangipani (Plumeria alba L.,Apocynaceae). It shows that before introduction of the exotic parasitoid, the local entomophagous complex is little abundant and diversified. The population dynamics of the pest, very different on the two host-plants, seems more linked to the physiological and phenological characteristics of the plant than to climatic factors. On the two host-plants, the mealybug is able to develop 5 generations per year, each of 70–80 days. Three to four months after its introduction,G. tebygi developed 50 to 90% of parasitism that significantly affects mealybug population dynamics. Eight to nine months later its establishment among low densities of the pest confirm its acclimatation. The 50 to 60% ofG. tebygi mortality attributable to the 8 species of the hyperparasitoid complex do not seem to prevent it from being an efficient parasitoid. The impact ofR. invadens parasitoid complex was compared to the one of cassava mealybug.
    Notes: Résumé L'étude de la dynamique des populations de la cochenille farineuse des arbres fruitiersRastrococcus invadens Williams [Hom.: Pseudococcidae], avant et après l'introduction accidentelle du parasitoïde primaire indo-pakistanaisGyranusoïdea tebygi Noyes [Hym.: Encyrtidae], a été entreprise au Congo, sur 2 de ses plantes hôtes, le manguier (Mangifera indica L.,Anacardiaceae) et le frangipanier (Plumeria alba L.,Apocynaceae). Avant l'introduction du parasitoïde exotique, le complexe entomophage local s'est révélé peu abondant et diversifié. Le profil de gradation des populations du ravageur, très différent sur les 2 plantes hôtes, semble davantage lié aux caractéristiques physiologiques et phénologiques du végétal qu'aux facteurs climatiques. La cochenille est capable de développer 5 générations de 70–80 jours par an sur les 2 plantes hôtes. Trois à quatre mois après son introduction, les 50 à 90% de parasitisme développés parG. tebygi ont affecté significativement la dynamique des populations de la cochenille. Huit à neuf mois plus tard, son maintien sur de faibles effectifs du ravageur confirme son acclimatation. Les 50 à 60% de mortalité provoqués par les 8 espèces du complexe hyperparasitaire ne paraissent pas limiter son efficacité. Le complexe parasitaire deR. invadens est comparé à celui de la cochenille du manioc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372981
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological control of alligator weed: Unsuccessful attempts to control terrestrial growth using the flea beetleDisonycha argentinensis [Col.: Chrysomelidae] (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Disonycha argentinensis ; alligator weed ; terrestrial growth ; biological control ; Disonycha argentinensis ; milieu terrestre ; lutte biologique ; Alternanthera philoxeroides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé En Australie, la lutte biologique contreAlternanthera philoxeroides, mauvaise herbe se développant en milieu aquatique, a été couronnée de succès mais les auxiliaires utilisés, un ColéoptèreAgasicles hygrophila et un LépidoptèreVogtia malloi sont inefficaces en milieu terrestre. Un autre Coléoptère,Disonycha argentinensis, fut donc introduit en Australie pour lutter contre le développement de cette mauvaise herbe en milieu terrestre. Les descendants des adultes récoltés au Brésil dans des zones similaires par le climat et le biotope à celles où croît la mauvaise herbe en Australie ont été relâchés mais ne se sont pas installés. Des œufs furent pondus par des femelles lâchées dans une grande cage sur le terrain et des adultes ont ainsi été obtenus, mais ceux-ci ne se reproduisirent pas. Cet échec peut s'expliquer par le microclimat ou la prédation qui auraient empêché l'installation deDisonycha argentinensis. Cependant ces résultats ne devraient pas empêcher des essais d'installation de cet insecte en Amérique du Nord, en Chine ou ailleurs.
    Notes: Abstract Biological control of alligator weed growing in aquatic habitats in Australia is successful but the agents, a flea beetleAgasicles hygrophila and a mothVogtia malloi, do not control terrestrial growth. Consequently another flea beetleDisonycha argentinensis was introduced into Australia specifically to control the terrestrial growth. Progeny of adults collected in Brazil from areas similar in climate and habitat to areas infested with alligator weed in Australia, were released but failed to become established. Eggs were laid by females released into a large field cage and some completed development, but the new adults failed to reproduce. Tentative conclusions are that microclimate or predation may have prevented establishment ofD. argentinensis but the results should not preclude attempts to establish this insect in North America, China or elsewhere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372420
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rearing ofChaetorellia australis (Dipt., Tephritidae) on an artificial diet (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Chaetorellia australis ; Tephritidae ; Diptera ; rearing ; Centaurea solstitialis ; biological control ; weeds ; Chaetorellia australis ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; élevage artificiel ; Centaurea solstitialis ; lutte biologique ; mauvaises herbes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le TephritideChaetorellia australis qui attaque les capitules floraux deCentaurea solstitialis L. et qui est considéré comme auxiliaire potentiel dans la lutte biologique contre cette mauvaise herbe, est élevé pour la première fois et pendant 2 générations consécutives sur un milieu nutritif artificiel. Avec une densité de 0,5 œuf/g de substrat nutritif, on obtient finalement 18% d'adultes, mais quand la densité des œufs augmente, ce rendement diminue. A une température de 25°C, la durée de développement du stade œuf jusqu'au stade adulte varie entre 20 et 25 jours pour les 2 générations étudiées. La longévité moyenne des adultes de la première génération est d'environ 32 jours pour les mâles et de 34,9 jours pour les femelles. La fécondité est de 53,3 œufs par femelle et le taux d'éclosion est de 88,8%. Ces paramètres biologiques sont plus ou moins similaires à ceux observés dans la population sauvage.
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the tephritid flyChaetorellia australis Hering, which infests flowerheads of the yellow starthistleCentaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae), and which is a candidate species for biological control, of that weed, were reared for the first time and for two consecutive generations on an artificial diet. At a density of 0.5 eggs per g diet a yield of 18.5% F1 adults (over hatched eggs), was obtained. When the density of eggs per g diet increased, the yield decreased. At 25°C the duration of development from egg to adult was 20–25 days for both generations. F1 adults reared on artificial diet had an average longevity of 32.0 days for males and 34.9 days for females. The fecundity was 53.3 eggs per female and the egg hatchability 88.8%. These and other biological parameters are similar to those of wild flies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372425
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host specificity and biology ofHeteropsylla spinulosa [Hom.: Psyllidae] introduced into Australia and Western Samoa for the biological control ofMimosa invisa (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Heteropsylla spinulosa ; Mimosa invisa ; host specificity ; biology ; biological control ; Heteropsylla spinulosa ; Mimosa invisa ; spécificité ; biologie ; lutte biologique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La biologie et la spécificité du psyllideHeteropsylla spinulosa Muddiman, Hodkinson & Hollis récolté surMimosa invisa Von Martius ont été examinées au Brésil et en Australie. On a observé l'oviposition sur 19 des 100 espèces de plantes examinées, mais toutes les larves sont mortes sans se nourrir, à l'exception de celles qui étaient surMimosa invisa. On a montré queHeteropsylla spinulosa est spécifique deMimosa invisa; le psyllide a donc été introduit et il s'est établi en Australie et en Samoa-Occidentale.
    Notes: Abstract The biology and host specificity of the psyllidHeteropsylla spinulosa Muddiman, Hodkinson & Hollis collected fromMimosa invisa Von Martius, was studied in Brazil and in Australia. Oviposition was recorded on 19 of 100 plant species tested but nymphs died without feeding, except onM. invisa. H. spinulosa was shown to be specific toM. invisa and was subsequently released and established in Australia and Western Samoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372430
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of black scale,Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 373-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Saissetia oleae ; Chalcidoidea ; parasitoids ; biological control ; abundance ; Saissetia oleae ; Chalcidoidea ; parasitoïde ; lutte biologique ; abondance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un examen d'ensemble des parasitoïdes de la Cochenille noireSaissetia oleae (Olivier), présents en Californie méridionale a été conduit entre septembre 1987 et septembre 1989. 1 610 spécimens ont été obtenus à partir de 308 récoltes de rameaux d'agrumes d'olivier et de laurier-rose, infestés de cochenille noire et provenant de 19 sites. Les spécimens consistaient en neuf espèces de parasitoïdes primaires et six espèces de parasitoïdes secondaires. Les quatre espèces primaires suivantes étaient abondantes en Californie méridionale:Metaphycus bartletti Annecke et Mynhardt,Metaphycus helvolus (Compere),Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe) (=Scutellista cyanea Motschulsky) etDiversinervus elegans Silvestri. Les parasitoïdes secondaires les plus communs étaientMarietta mexicana (Howard),Cheiloneurus noxius Compere etTetrastichus minutus (Howard). Dans la région côtière du Sud de la Californie,M. bartletti était le parasitoïde le plus abondant, suivi dans l'ordre, parD. elegans, S. carulea etM. helvolus. Dans les régions intermédiaire et intérieure,M. helvolus était le plus abondant.D. elegans était second en abondance dans la région intermédiaire, mais rare dans la région intérieure.M. bartletti était second en abondance dans la région intérieure et troisième en abondance dans la région intermédiaire.
    Notes: Abstract A survey of black scaleSaissetia oleae (Olivier) parasitoids present in southern California was conducted between September 1987 and September 1989. From 308 collections of black scale-infested citrus, olive, and oleander twigs from 19 sites in southern California, 1,610 specimens were collected. Nine primary and six secondary parasitoid species were identified. Four primary species were abundant in southern California:Metaphycus bartletti Annecke & Mynhardt,M. helvolus (Compere),Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe) (=S. cyanea Motschulsky), andDiversinervus elegans Silvestri. The most common secondary parasitoids wereMarietta mexicana (Howard),Cheiloneurus noxius Compere, andTetrastichus minutus (Howard). In the coastal region of southern California,M. bartletti was the most abundant parasitoid, followed in order byD. elegans, S. Caerulea, andM. helvolus. In the intermediate and interior regions,M. helvolus was most abundant.D. elegans was second most abundant in the intermediate region, but was rare in the interior region.M. bartletti was second in abundance in the interior region and third in the intermediate region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373111
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host specificity and aspects of the biology ofCalligrapha pantherina (Col.: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent ofSida acuta [Malvaceae] andS. rhombifolia in Australia (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 409-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Calligrapha pantherina ; chrysomelid ; biological control ; weed ; host specificity ; Sida acuta ; Sida rhombifolia ; Calligrapha pantherina ; Sida acuta ; Sida rhombifolia ; lutte biologique ; mauvaise herbe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La spécificité de la chrysomèle originaire du Mexique,Calligrapha pantherina, vis-à-vis de son hôte a été contrôlée, dans les installations de la quarantaine du C.S.I.R.O. à Brisbane (Australie), sur 80 espèces de plantes appartenant à 28 familles, étroitement liées aux Malvacées ou comprenant des espèces d'importance économique. C. pantherina pond et se développe avec succès sur son hôte préférentielS. acuta et avec moins de succès surS. rhombifolia etS. spinosa, qui sont toutes des mauvaises herbes d'Australie. On a décrit les aspects de l'oviposition, du développement larvaire, de l'alimentation des adultes et de la longévité deC. pantherina. C. pantherina fut lâchée en Australie en 1989 et s'est bien installée surS. acuta mais seulement en quelques sites surS. rhombifolia.
    Notes: Abstract The host specificity of a chrysomelid beetle,Calligrapha pantherina Stål, from Mexico, was verified in the CSIRO quarantine facilities in Brisbane, Australia on 80 species of plants in 28 families, either closely related to Malvaceae or in families containing economically important species.C. pantherina oviposited and developed successfully on its preferred host,S. acuta, and less successfully onS. rhombifolia andS. spinosa, all of which are weeds in Australia. Aspects of oviposition, larval development, and adult feeding and longevity ofC. pantherina are described.C. pantherina was released in Australia during 1989 and readily established onS. acuta but established at only a few sites onS. rhombifolia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373114
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytophagous insects collected fromParkinsonia aculeata [Leguminosae: Caesalpiniaceae] in the Sonoran desert region of the southwestern United States and Mexico (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 465-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Parkinsonia ; biological control ; weeds ; Insecta ; Sonoran desert ; Australia ; Parkinsonia ; lutte biologique ; mauvaises herbes ; Insecta ; désert Sonoran ; Australie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), mauvaise herbe du nord de l'Australie, fut l'objet d'un programme de lutte biologique entre 1983 et 1987. Soixante-cinq espèces d'insectes phytophages furent récoltés surP. aculeata dans la région du désert Sonoran, (sud-ouest des Etats-Unis) et au Mexique. Six ordres (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera et Thysanoptera) et 30 familles furent représentés. Parmi les 12 espèces qui sont potentiellement des agents de lutte biologique, une seule est acceptable selon des tests de spécificité et a été libérée en Australie.
    Notes: Abstract Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Leguminosae: Caesalpiniaceae), a weed in northern Australia, was the target of a biological control programme from 1983–1987. Sixty-five phytophagous insect species were collected fromP. aculeata growing in the Sonoran desert region of the southwestern United States and Mexico. Six orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Thysanoptera) and 30 families were represented. Of the 12 species with potential as biological control agents, only one has passed specificity testing and has been released in Australia.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373119
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    Temporal relationships betweenZea mays, ostrinia nubilalis (Lep.: Pyralidae) and endophyticBeauveria bassiana (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 525-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Beauveria bassiana ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; endophytic relationship ; biological control ; insect pathology ; Zea mays ; Beauveria bassiana ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; lutte biologique ; relation endophyte ; pathologie de l'insecte ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le champignon entomopathogène,Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin a été épandu sur maïs, au stade cornet (V7) par application foliaire d'une formulation granulée de grits de maïs contenant des conidies ou par injection d'une suspension de conidies. Toutes les plantes ont été infestées à l'aide de larves de la Pyrale du maïs,Ostrinia nubilalis, au stade V7 (cornet), V12 (fin de stade cornet), ou V17 (apparition de la panicule). Les plantes infestées au stade cornet et à la fin du stade cornet ont eu significativement plus de chenilles de Pyrale en train de miner que les plantes infestées au stade début de panicule mâle. Le pourcentage de plantes infestées parB. bassiana n'était pas significativement différent entre ces 3 stades phénologiques. Au fur et à mesure que les plantes se développaient,B. bassiana était isolé de différentes parties de la plante, la moelle étant plus souvent infestée que les ligules. Les applications foliaires deB. bassiana ont entraîné la destruction immédiate de la pyrale chez les plantes infestées au stade cornet. La baisse de l'efficacité deB. bassiana aux stades intermédiaires par comparaison avec son efficacité au moment de la récolte est discutée.
    Notes: Abstract The entomopathogenic fungus,Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, was applied to whorl-stage (V7) corn,Zea mays L., by foliar application of a granular formulation of corn grits containing conidia or by injection of a conidial suspension. All plants were infested with European corn borer larvae,Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), at the V7 (whorl), V12 (late-whorl), or V17 (pretassel) stage of plant development. Plants infested at whorl and late-whorl stages had significantly more European corn borer tunneling than did plants infested at the pretassel stage. The percentage of plants colonized byB. bassiana did not differ significantly among the whorl, late-whorl, and pretassel stages. As the plants matured,B. bassiana was isolated from different plant areas, with the pith more frequently colonized than the leaf collars. Foliar application ofB. bassiana provided immediate suppression ofO. nubilalis in those plants infested at whorl stage. The reduced efficacy ofB. bassiana at the intermediate plant stages relative to efficacy at harvest is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372322
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    Feeding behavior ofEuseius stipulatus andTyphlodromus phialatus on the citrus red mitePanonychus citri [Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae] (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 537-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Phytoseiidae ; predation ; biological control ; preference ; Phytoseiidae ; lutte biologique ; Citrus ; relation prédateur proie ; préférence alimentaire
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié le comportement alimentaire des deux principales espèces de phytoséiides présents dans les vergers de Citrus en Espagne,Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) etTyphlodromus phialatus Athias-Henriot. Les expériences ont été menées en élevant l'acarien prédateur sur feuilles d'oranger, avec un excès de sa proiePanonychus citri (McGregor). Dans les essais avec tous les stades de l'acarien rouge, le nombre moyen de proies tuées par heure est de 5.12 et 2.00, le pourcentage d'attaques réussies de 58% et 21% et le temps moyen passé à se nourrir sur chaque proie de 5.1 min et 12.2 min respectivement pour les femelles d'E. stipulatus etT. phialatus. Tous les stades de développement, excepté le stade œuf, peuvent être consommés parE. stipulatus tandis queT. phialatus se nourrit de tous les stades, à l'exception des mes. Chez les deux espèces, les femelles deP. citri sont attaquées avec moins de succès que les immatures. Lorsque les proies sont constituées de femelles adultes ou d'œufs deP. citri le nombre moyen de proies tuées quotidiennement est de 4.51 femelles pourE. stipulatus, et de 2.01 femelles et 2.12 œufs pourT. phialatus. Si l'on considère le nombre d'œufs pondus par les acariens prédateurs durant la même période,E. stipulatus ingère seulement 30% du total des proies tuées, alors queT. phialatus ingère un nombre de proies variable selon les individus, allant de 40 à 100%. Ces différences d'alimentation chez ces deux espèces pourraient expliquer en partie leurs différences d'efficacité observées sur le terrain, en tant qu'agents de lutte biologique.
    Notes: Abstract Observations were made on the feeding behavior of the two main phytoseiid species in Spanish Citrus orchards,Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) andTyphlodromus phialatus Athias-henriot. The experiences were carried out by rearing the predatory mites on excised orange leaves, and always with an excess of the prey the Citrus Red Mite (=CRM)Panonychus citri (McGregor). In experiments with all stages of CRM, the number of prey killed per hour was 5.12 and 2.00, the percentage of successful attacks, 58% and 21%, and the mean time spent feeding on each prey was 5.1 and 12.2 minutes for starving females ofE. stipulatus andT. phialatus respectively.E. stipulatus feeds on all stages of the prey except eggs, andT. philatus, on all stages, except males. Both species attack much less successfully females ofP. citri rather than immatures. In experiments with adult females and eggs ofP. citri as prey, the mean number of prey killed daily was 4.51 females forE. stipulatus, and 2.01 females and 2.12 eggs forT. philatus. Considering this killing rate and the number of eggs laid by the predators in the same period, it can be concluded thatE. stipulatus consumes only 30% of the content of the preys killed, whereasT. philatus consumes a percentage of prey variable between individuals and ranging from 40% to 100%. These differences in feeding behavior between the two species could partly explain differences in their efficiency as biocontrol agents ofP. citri observed in the field.
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    Biocontrol of the apple sawfly,Hoplocampa testudinea, with entomogenous nematodes (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Apple sawfly ; Hoplocampa testudinea ; biological control ; nematodes ; Steinernema ; Heterorhabditis ; Hoplocampe de la pomme ; Hoplocampa testudinea ; lutte biologique ; nématodes ; Steinernema ; Heterorhabditis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a effectué quatre types d'expériences pour évaluer la pathogénicité de nématodes entomogènes contre l'hoplocampe des pommes,Hoplocampa testudinea Klug (Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae). En boîte de Petri,Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) souche DD 136,S. carpocapsae souche All,S. feltiae (Filipjev) etHeterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar ont causé 100% de mortalité larvaire 72 h aprè le traitement. En conditions de plein champs sous des pommiers nains, un seul traitement avec 40 ou 80S. carpocapsae souche All/cm2 a causé une mortalité significative (〉 80%). Un second traitement avec des nématodes n'a pas amené une augmentation significative de la mortalité. En 1990, des traitements tardifs avec 40S. carpocapsae souche All/cm2 dans des quadrats de 50×50 cm disposés sous des pommiers nains ont été effectués au printemps 1989. Au printemps 1990, respectivement 22 et 25 hoplocampes adultes émergeaient des quadrats traités avec 40 et 80S. carpocapsae souche All/cm2, tandis que 78 adultes ont émergé des quadrats traités avec de l'eau. Pulvérisé sur le feuillage, un seul traitement avec la souche All deS. carpocapsae a significativement réduit le pourcentage de fruits ayant des dommages secondaires. On discute de la possibilité d'utiliser des nématodes entomogènes dans le cadre d'un programme de lutte intégrée, avec une attention particulière à l'intégration avec le programme de lutte contre les populations du charançon de la prune,Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera:Curculionidae).
    Notes: Abstract Four types of experiments were conducted to assess the pathogenicity of entomogenous nematodes against the apple sawfly,Hoplocampa testudinea Klug (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). In Petri dish,Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) DD 136 strain,S. carpocapsae All strain,S. feltiae (Filipjev) andHeterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar caused 100% larval mortality 72 h after the treatments. In semi-field conditions under dwarf apple trees, a single treatment with either 40 or 80S. carpocapsae All strain/cm2 caused significant (〉80%) larval mortality. No significant increase in mortality was obtained with a second application. In 1990, late treatment with 80S. carpocapsae All strain/cm2 caused significant (39.1%) pupal mortality. In 50×50 cm quadrats under dwarf apple trees, treatment with 40 and 80S. carpocapsae All strain/cm2 were done in spring 1989. In spring 1990, respectively 22 and 25 apple sawfly adults emerged from quadrats treated with 40 and 80S. carpocapsae All strain/cm2, whereas 78 adults emerged from untreated quadrats. In a foliar application experiment, a single treatment withS. carpocapsae All strain significantly reduced the percent of fruit showing secondary damage. The possibility of using entomogenous nematodes as part of an integrated pest management in apple orchards is discussed, with particular reference to the integration of programs aimed at managing plum curculio,Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations.
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    Observations on the life cycle and establishment ofCochylis atricapitana (Lep: Cochylidae), a moth used for biological control ofSenecio jacobaea in Australia (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 641-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Senecio jacobaea ; ragwort ; Cochylis atricapitana ; biological control ; establishment ; Senecio jacobaea ; Cochylis atricapitana ; lutte biologique ; lâcher
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les larves du lépidoptère nocturneCochylis atricapitana (Stephens) sont monophages sur le séneçonSenecio jacobaea L. (Asteraceae). Certains aspects du cycle biologique deC. atricapitana ont été étudiés. Les femelles pondent une moyenne de 158 œufs avec un maximum de 355. La majorité des œufs sont pondus individuellement, à côté des nervures primaires et secondaires, à la face inférieure des feuilles. La période d'incubation est de 4,2 jours à 30°C et de 14,4 jours à 15°C. Il faut 40 jours pour obtenir une génération, avec une température de 23°C et une photopériode de 16 heures. Les jeunes chenilles creusent des galeries dans les feuilles, couronnes, tiges et bourgeons de la plante. Il y a cinq stades larvaires et les chenilles entrent en diapause au dernier stade. Dans le sud du Victoria, les adultes sont actifs de la fin septembre au début de février.C. atricapitana s'est installé sur deux sites et les dégâts sur séneçon ont été observés dans 52% des sites où les lépidoptères ont été lâchés.
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the mothCochylis atricapitana (Stephens) are monophagous leaf, crown, stem or bud borers of ragwort,Senecio jacobaea L. (Asteraceae). In the present investigation, aspects of the life cycle ofC. atricapitana were determined. Moths ofC. atricapitana lay an average of 158 eggs/female with as many as 355 eggs being laid by a single female. The majority of eggs are laid individually along the primary and secondary veins on the underside of ragwort leaves. Egg incubation ranges from 4.2 days at 30°C to 14.4 days at 15°C. At a constant 23°C under a 16 hour photoperiod,C. atricapitana takes approximately 40 days to complete a generation. Caterpillars make their way to young, actively growing ragwort shoots or buds, and begin mining into the plant tissue, boring into the leaf, crown, stem or bud.C. atricapitana has five larval instars and enters diapause as a final instar larva. In southern Victoria, moths ofC. atricapitana fly from late September through to the beginning of February. Adults emerge after overwintering towards the end of spring or beginning of summer.C. atricapitana has established at two sites while larvae, or signs of damage have been observed at approximately 52% of release sites.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372335
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    Dispersal ofAleochara bilineata [Col.: Staphylinidae] following inundative releases in urban gardens (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Staphylinidae ; Aleochara bilineata ; beneficial arthropods ; dispersal ; predation ; biological control ; arthropodes utiles ; dissémination ; prédation ; lutte biologique ; Staphylinidae ; Aleochara bilineata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Aleochara bilineata (Gyllenhal) [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] est un prédateur et un parasite courants de la mouche des racines [Diptera: Anthomyiidae] dans les cultures commerciales et les jardins potagers. Pour évaluer l'activité de dissémination deA. bilineata dans les jardins potagers, on a lâché des coléoptères marqués à raison de 0 et de 1000 en 1987, et de 0, 250, 500, et 1000/jardin potager/semaine en 1988. Trois pour cent des coléoptères ainsi marqués ont été recapturés dans les jardins potagers d'origine. Les populations naturelles deA. bilineata sont très faibles dans tous les jardins potagers et on ne constate aucune augmentation décelable de 1987 à 1988. Les recaptures sont proportionnelles aux taux de lâchers. On n'observe aucune différence significative dans les taux de recapture entre les sexes. Les recaptures et les distributions non uniformes deA. bilineata marqués dans les jardins potagers révèlent qu'ils ont pu voler au moins à 5 km de distance dans les conditions urbaines et choisir certains jardins plutôt que d'autres comme emplacements propices à l'accouplement, la quête de nourriture et l'oviposition.
    Notes: Abstract Aleochara bilineata (Gyllenhal) [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] is a common predator and endoparasite of root maggot [Diptera: Anthomyiidae] in both commercial crops and home gardens. To test dispersal activity ofA. bilineata in home gardens, marked beetles were released at rates of 0 and 1,000 in 1987 and 0, 250, 500, and 1,000/gardens/wk in 1988. Three percent of marked beetles were recaptured in release gardens. NaturalA. bilineata populations were very small in all gardens, and there was no detectable increase from 1987 to 1988. Recaptures were proportional to release rates. There was no significant difference in recapture rates between sexes. Recaptures and non-uniform distributions of markedA. bilineata in control gardens revealed that they were capable of flying at least 5 km under urban conditions, and of selecting particular gardens as suitable mating, foraging, and oviposition sites.
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    Biology ofPhanerotoma hendecasisella [Hym: Braconidae] a parasitoid ofDiaphania indica [Lep.: Pyralidae] (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 3-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Phanerotoma hendecasisella ; biological control ; biology ; Phanerotoma hendecasisella ; lutte biologique ; biologie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a mené des études sur l'endoparasitoïde oophage solitairePhanerotoma hendecasisella Cam. [Hymenoptera, Braconidae] pour déterminer sa biologie surDiaphania indica (Saunders) [Lepidoptera, Pyralidae]. Les larves passent par trois stades déterminés par la forme et la taille des mandibules. La durée moyenne de développement de l'œuf à l'adulte était de 26,51 jours à 26,06°C et 73,88% d'humidité relative. Il n'y a pas de période de préoviposition. Le rapport des sexes était: 1∶1,12 (♂/♀). La longévité moyenne de l'adulte n'était pas différente pour les mâles et les femelles.
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted on the solitary egg-larval endoparasitoidPhanerotoma hendecasisella Cam. [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] to determine its biology onDiaphania indica (Saunders) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae]. Larvae pass through 3 stages as determined by the shape and size of the mandibles. Mean developmental period from egg to adult was 26.51 days at 26.06 °C and 73.88% RH. There is no preoviposition period. The sex ratio was 1∶1.12 (male/female). Mean adult longevity was not different for ♂♂ and ♀♀.
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    Infectivity of two members of theEntomophthora muscae complex [Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales] forMusca domestica [Dipt.: Muscidae] (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 11-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Entomophthora muscae ; Musca domestica ; Muscidae ; infectivity ; biological control ; Entomophthora muscae ; Musca domestica ; Muscidae ; pathogénie infectieuse ; lutte biologique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des études sur les doses mortelles ont été conduites avec deux membres du complexe d'Entomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius du sud de la Californie (CA) et du Danemark (DA) infectant les mouches domestiques,Musca domestica L., du sud de la Californie. Les conidies primaires de la forme danoise furent significativement plus infectieuses (DL 50=34 conidies/mm2) que les conidies primaires de la forme californienne (DL 50=67 conidies/mm2) pour des mouches (≪jeunes≫) âgées de 2 à 7 jours. La pathogénie infectieuse (simple essai expérimental) pour les mouches (≪vieilles≫) âgées de 10 à 14 jours des conidies primaires de la forme californienne (DL 50=34 conidies/mm2) était similaire à celle de la forme danoise pour les mouches jeunes. Les conidies secondaires de la forme californienne furent nettement plus infectieuses (DL 50=0,36 conidies/mm2) que les conidies primaires de chaque forme. La dose n'avait pas d'effet significatif sur la période d'incubation pour les conidies primaires de chaque forme, mais des doses croissantes entraînaient des périodes d'incubation significativement plus courtes pour les mouches exposées aux conidies secondaires de la forme californienne.
    Notes: Abstract Dose-mortality studies were conducted with 2 members of theEntomophthora muscae (Cohn) Fresenius complex from southern California (CA) and Denmark (DA) infecting house flies,Musca domestica L., from southern California. Primary conidia of the DA form were significantly more infective (LC50=34 conidia/mm2) than primary conidia of the CA form (LC50=67 conidia/mm2) for 2–7 days old (‘young’) flies. Infectivity (single experimental trial) for 10–14 day old (‘old’) flies of primary conidia of the CA form (LC50=34 conidia/mm2) was similar to that of the DA form for young flies. Secondary conidia of the CA form were markedly more infective (LC50=0.36 conidia/mm2) than primary conidia of either form. Dose had no significant effect on incubation period for primary conidia of either form, but increased doses resulted in significantly shorter incubation periods for flies exposed to secondary conidia of the CA form.
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    Braconid parasitoids ofTephritidae [Diptera] infesting coffee and other fruits in West-Central Africa (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 59-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Braconidae ; Tephritidae ; West Africa ; parasitoid ; coffee ; biological control ; Costa Rica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une récolte des parasites deCeratitis capitata (Wiedemann) [Diptères: Téphritidés] a été conduite au Cameroun et au Togo, et les specimens, recueillis ont été libérés au Costa Rica. Cette étude a mis, en évidence la présence d'un grand nombre d'Opius perproximus Silvestri, deBiosteres caudatus Szépligeti, et deB. caudatus auct. (Braconidés: Opiinés). Les autres opiinés collectés comprenaientB. fullawayi (Silvestri),B. desideratus (Bridwell), et une espèce non décrite du genreOpius. Le taux de parasitisme des téphritidés collectées sur le café variait de 10 à 56%, avec une moyenne de 35% dans une plantation expérimentale et 17% dans une plantation commerciale. Sur les autres fruits, le taux de parasitisme était inférieur à 5%. Les espèces de téphritidés élevées le plus fréquemment des grains de café étaientTrirhithrum coffeae Bezzi etC. (Pterandrus) anonae Graham.C. capitata n'était présente qu'en faible abondance dans le café et des adultes n'ont que rarement été observés. Les autres espèces rencontrées comprenaientT. albonigrum (Enderlein),T. sp. nr.validum Bezzi,T. nigerrimum auct. nec. Bezzi,C. (Pterandrus) colae Silvestri,C. (Pterandrus) flexuosa (Walker),C. (Ceratalaspis) spp. groupecosyra (Walker),C. (Pardalaspis) sp. groupepunctata (Wiedemann),C. (Ceratalaspis) giffardi Bezzi,Dacus (Dacus) bivittatus (Bigot),D. (Didacus) ciliatus Loew, andGymnodacus sp.
    Notes: Abstract Exploration for parasitoids ofCeratitis capitata (Wiedemann) [Diptera: Tephritidae] was conducted in Cameroon and Togo and parasitoids collected were released in Costa Rica. Collections yielded large numbers ofOpius perproximus Silvestri,Biosteres caudatus Szepligeti, andB. caudatus auct. [Opiinae: Braconidae]. Other Opiines collected wereB. fullawayi (Silvestri),B. desideratus (Bridwell), and an undescribed species ofOpius. Parasitization of tephritids in coffee ranged from 10–56%, with an average 35% parasitism in a research plantation and 17% in a commercial plantation. Parasitism in fruits other than coffee was less than 5%. The most commonly reared tephritids from coffee wereTrirhithrum coffeae Bezzi andC. (Pterandrus) anonae Graham.C. capitata occurred in low frequency in coffee; and adults were rarely observed. Other rearings includedT. albonigrum (Enderlein),T. sp. nr.validum Bezzi,T. nigerrimum auct. nec. Bezzi,C. (Pterandrus) colae Silvestri,C. (Pterandrus) flexuosa (Walker),C. (Ceratalaspis) spp.cosyra (Walker) group,C. (Pardalaspis) sp.punctata (Wiedemann) group,C. (Ceratalaspis) giffardi Bezzi,Dacus (Dacus) bivittatus (Bigot),D. (Didacus) ciliatus Loew, andGymnodacus sp.
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    Preliminary experiments on the potential of hoverflies [Dipt.: Syrphidae] for the control of aphids under glass (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Metasyrphus corollae ; Syrphidae ; Aphis gossypii ; cucumber ; chrysanthemum ; biological control ; aphid populations ; predator-prey ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On parvenait à réduire des populations d'Aphis gossypii Glover fixés sur plants isolés de concombres, croissant à 21°C, au moyen de larves deMetasyrphus corollae (F.) écloses d'œufs pondus sur les plantes au tout début de l'expérience (jour 0) en 2, 3 ou 4 jours. Avec 45% d'œufs viables de Syrphes, une proportion supérieure à 9 pucerons/œuf en fin de ponte, entraine l'échec du “control”. Les larves âgées de 1, 2 ou 3 jours empêchaient l'accroissement des populations à moins qu'il y eut plus de 15, 26 ou 41 Aphides/larve respectivement. Le “control” continu sous cage sur de simples plants de concombres était possible pourvu que la présence d'une seule ♂ gravide de Syrphe soit maintenue en cage, mais l'élimination de la population de pucerons n'était observée que dans 1 seul cas. Le róle possible des Syrphes dans la protection des cultures protégées est discutée.
    Notes: Abstract Control ofAphis gossypii Glover populations on isolated cucumber plants grown at 21°C was achieved on days 2, 3, or 4 by larvae ofMetasyrphus corollae (F.) hatched from eggs laid on the plants on day 0. With 45% of hoverfly eggs viable, greater than 9 aphids per egg at the end of oviposition resulted in a failure of control. Larvae 1, 2, or 3 days old prevented aphid increase unless there were more than 15, 26 or 41 aphids per larva respectively. Continuous control on single caged cucumber plants was possible providing that the presence of 1 gravid hoverfly was maintained in the cage, but elimination of the aphid population was observed in only 1 instance. A possible role for hoverflies in crop protection under glass is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372371
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    Interference between parasitoids [Hym.: Aphidiidae] and fungi [Entomophthorales] attacking cereal aphids (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Cereal aphids ; parasitoids ; Aphidiidae ; Entomophthorales ; biological control ; fungus-parasitoid interactions ; histopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans les populations naturelles des pucerons des céréales, le niveau du parasitisme par les Hyménoptères diminue en cours de saison, alors que celui des mycoses augmente. En essais de laboratoire, à 20°C, la mycose àErynia neoaphidis Remaudière et Hennebert tue en 3 à 4 jours le puceronMetopolophium dirhodum (Walker), tandis qu'il en faut 8 à 9 à l'Hyménoptère parasiteAphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez. Quand les pucerons sont infectés par le champignon moins de 4 jours après avoir été parasités, les parasitoïdes sont incapables d'achever leur développement. Par ailleurs, quand l'infection se développe plus de 4 jours après l'attaque du parasitoïde, le taux de pucerons mycosés est significativement plus faible. L'examen histologique n'a pas mis en évidence l'envahissement des tissus du parasitoïde par le champignon quand l'un et l'autre sont présents dans le même puceron. La concurrence entre les parasitoïdes et les champignons pathogènes doit être prise en compte lors de l'estimation de l'impact de ces agents de mortalité sur les populations de ravageurs.
    Notes: Abstract In field populations of cereal aphids parasitism levels declined through the season as fungal infection increased. In laboratory trials the fungusErynia neoaphidis Remaudiere & Hennebert took 3 to 4 days to kill the rose-grain aphid,Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), whereas the parasitoidAphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez took 8 to 9 days at 20°C. When aphids were infected by the fungus less than 4 days after being parasitized the parasitoids were prevented from completing their development. Conversely, when infection occurred more than 4 days after parasitization development of the fungus was significantly impaired. There was no histological evidence that the fungus invaded the tissues of the parasitoid when both attacked the same aphid. Interference between parasitoids and fungal pathogens must be taken into account when estimating the impact of these mortality agents on pest populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373339
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    Incidence of parasites ofLymantria obfuscata [Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera] in Kashmir (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 401-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Lymantria obfuscata ; egg parasite ; larval parasites ; pupal parasites ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'action des parasites deLymantria obfuscata Walker [Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera] a été étudiée au Cachemire au cours des années 1983 et 1984. Le seul parasite oophage élevé futAnastatus kashmirensis Mathur qui parasitait entre 4,49 et 11,92 p. 100 des œufs. Des 15 sites d'études 10475 larves de différents stades et des chrysalides furent récoltées et élevées au laboratoire.Exorista rossica [Tachinidae: Diptera] attaquiat jusqu'à 8.42 p. 100 des larves par rapport au taux de 0,89 p. 100 dû àCompsilura sp.Tetrastichus sp. [Eulophidae: Hymenoptera] était le parasite dominant parmi les six attaquant les chrysalides, avec un taux de parasitisme de 33,41 p. 100, suivi parPimpla sp. etTheronia atalantae atalantae [Ichneumonidae: Hymenoptera] qui parasitaient 6,84 et 4,03 p. 100 des chrysalides respectivement.Brachymeria intermedia Nees [Chalcididae: Hymenoptera] parasitai jusqu'à 2,98 p. 100, tandis queBrachymeria lasus signalé pour la lère fois au Cachemire ne parasitait pas plus de 2,01 p. 100 des individus, et n'était pas largement répandu dans la région.
    Notes: Abstract Incidence of parasites ofLymantria obfuscata Walker [Lymantriidae: Lepidoptera] was studied in Kashmir during 1983 and 1984. The only egg parasite reared wasAnastatus kashmirensis Mathur parasitising between 4.49 to 11.92 percent of eggs. From 15 study sites as many as 10475 larvae of different stages and pupae were collected and reared in laboratory.Exorista rossica [Tachinidae: Diptera] was recorded to parasitize upto 8.42 per cent of larvae compared to 0.89 percent byCompsilura sp.Tetrastichus sp. [Eulophidae: Hymenoptera] was observed to be most dominant of the 6 pupal parasites, accounting for 33.41 percent of the measured parasitism, followed byPimpla sp. [Ichneumonidae: Hymenoptera] andTheronia atalantae atalantae [Ichneumonidae: Hymenoptera] which parasitized 6.84 and 4.03 per cent of pupae respectively.Brachymeria intermedia Nees [Chalcididae: Hymenoptera] was recorded to parasitize upto 2.98 per cent whereasBrachymeria lasus Walker recorded for the first time in Kashmir was found to parasitize up to 2.01 per cent, but was not widely distributed in the State.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373158
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    Acceptance of eggs ofRivula atimeta, Naranga aenescens [Lep.: Noctuidae] andHydrellia philippina [Dipt.: Ephydridae] by insect predators on rice (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: rice ; predation ; biological control ; predator effectiveness ; riz ; prédation ; lutte biologique ; efficacité prédatrice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Huit insectes prédateurs communs dans l'écosystème du riz aux Philippines ont été comparés au laboratoire pour leur capacité à se nourrir sur les œufs de la chenilleRivula atimeta Swinhoe. Une échelle basée sur les taux de prédation a été établie:Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) (Gryllidae) était le prédateur le plus vorace suivi parAnaxipha longipennis (Serville)(Gryllidae), Ophionea nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Goebel)(Carabidae), Micraspis nr.crocea (Mulsant) (Coccinellidae) etConocephalus longipennis (de Haan) (Tettigonidae). Le petit Miride,Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, se nourrissait aussi facilement sur les œufs.Paederus fuscipes (Curtis) (Staphilinidae) etCoccinella repanda (Thunberg) (Coccinellidae) se nourrissait dans une mesure très limitée.Metioche vittaticollis etCyrtorhinus lividipennis ont été aussi testés vis-à-vis des œufs de la NoctuelleNaranga aenescens Moore et de la Mineuse du Riz,Hydrellia philippina Ferino. Le taux de prédation deM. vitaticollis était identique sur les trois proies, maisC. lividipennis manifestait un taux de prédation plus élevé sur les œufs deN. aenescens. Dans les cages de plein air, de 1,6 m2, on permettait à différentes densités deM. vittaticollis et d'O. nigrofasciata de se nourrir sur des œufs deR. atimeta exposés durant deux jours.Metioche vittaticollis consommait 13 et 26 œufs aux densités respectives de 1 et 2 prédateurs par cage, mais la prédation n'était pas beaucoup plus élevée à la densité de 8. La prédation due àO. nigrofasciata n'était pas significative.
    Notes: Abstract Eight insect predators common in the rice ecosystem in the Philippines were compared in the laboratory on their ability as to feed on the eggs of green hairy caterpillar,Rivula atimeta Swinhoe. A ranking, based on feeding rates was made:Metioche vittaticollis (Stål) (Gryllidae) was the most voracious predator, followed byAnaxipha longipennis (Serville)(Gryllidae), Ophionea nigrofasciata (Schmidt-Goebel)(Carabidae), Micraspis nr.crocea (Mulsant) (Coccinellidae) andConocephalus longipennis (de Haan) (Tettigoniidae). Also the smallCyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Miridae), readily fed upon the eggs.Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Staphilinidae) andCoccinella repanda (Thunberg) (Coccinellidae) fed to a very limited extent.Metioche vittaticollis andCyrtorhinus lividipennis were also tested on eggs of green semilooper,Naranga aenescens Moore, and rice whorl maggot,Hydrellia philippina Ferino. The feeding rate ofM. vittaticollis was similar on the 3 different preys, butC. lividipennis had a higher feeding rate onN. aenescens eggs. In 1.6 m2 field cages, different densities ofM. vittaticollis andO. nigrofasciata were allowed to feed on exposedR. atimeta eggs during 2 days.Metioche vittaticollis consumed 13 and 26 eggs at predator densities of 1 and 2 per cage respectively, but was not much higher at density 8. Predation byO. nigrofasciata was not significant.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372970
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    Use of parasite regulation of host endocrinology to enhance the potential of biological control (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Parasite regulation ; host endocrinology ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les implications des études endocrines des relations hôte-parasite pour une lutte biologique réussie n'ont pas été pleinement appréciées. Les insectes parasites régissent la métamorphose de l'hôte de différentes manières. Pour un ravageur donné, chaque forme de régulation a ses propres avantages et ses inconvénients. La sélection soigneuse d'un parasite basée sur son mode de régulation de l'hôte peut accroitre sa valeur pour le succès d'une lutte biologique. La connaissance des mécanismes endocriniens de régulation parasite/hôte permettra de prévoir si un parasite peut s'adapter et survivre dans un hôte auquel il n'avait jamais été exposé antérieurement.
    Notes: Abstract The implications of parasite regulation of host endocrinology for successful biological control have not been fully appreciated. Insect parasites regulate host metamorphosis in a number of different ways. For a given host (pest) situation, each form of host regulation has its own advantages and disadvantages. Careful selection of a parasite based upon its mode lf host regulation can enhance the potential for biological control success. A basic knowledge of the endocrine basis for parasite regulation of its host will enable prediction of whether a parasite can regulate, and survive in, a host to which it has not been previously exposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372366
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    Predation ofOligonychus pratensis [Aca.: Tetranychidae] byPhytoseiulus persimilis andAmblyseius californicus [Aca.: Phytoseiidae] under controlled laboratory conditions (1986)
    Springer
    BioControl 31 (1986), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: biological control ; Phytoseiulus persimilis ; Amblyseius californicus ; Oligonychus pratensis ; spider mites ; Tetranychidae ; corn ; phytoseiids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'efficacité prédatrice dePhytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot et d'Amblyseius californicus (McGregor) (Acarien: Phytoseiidae) vis-à-vis de l'acarienOligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Tetranychidae) a été comparée en conditions contrôlées de laboratoire. Au bout de 6 jours, les densités deO. pratensis ont été réduites en moyenne, par rapport au témoin, de 60% et de 28% en présence deP. persimilis et d'A. californicus respectivement. En général, ces prédateurs consomment de préférence les stades les plus abondants. La fertilité deP. persimilis consommantO. pratensis se rapproche de celle observée lorsque le prédateur se nourrit d'espèces du genreTetranychus.
    Notes: Abstract The predator efficacy ofPhytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot andAmblyseius californicus (McGregor) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) when feeding on the Banks grass mite (BGM),Oligonychus pratensis (Banks) (Tetranychidae), was compared under controlled laboratory conditions. Predation byP. persimilis andA. californicus reduced the BGM densities by 60% and 28%, respectively. In general, phytoseiids preferentially fed upon the more abundant instars. Ovipositional rates forP. persimilis while feeding on BGM approximated rates when feeding onTetranychus spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372372
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    Functional response ofCurinus coeruleus (Col.: Coccinellidae) toHeteropsylla cubana (Hom.: Psyllidae) on artificial and natural substrates (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 555-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Functional response ; Curinus coeruleus ; Heteropsylla cubana ; Leucaena leucocephala ; biological control ; host-plant resistance ; Réponse fonctionnelle ; Curinus coeruleus ; Heteropsylla cubana ; Leucaena leucocephala ; lutte biologique ; variétés résistantes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des résultats obtenus en laboratoire sur la réponse fonctionnelle des adultes deCurinus coeruleus (Mulsant) aux nymphes deHeteropsylla cubana Crawford sur des substrats differents ont révété un effet significatif du substrat sur l'ingestion des nymphes à différents densités. Les substrats utilisés étaient composés de matière foliaire deLeucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Wit d'espèces apparentées en plus d'un substrat de papier comme témoin. Les résultats obtenus pourraient être utiles en ce qui concerne des projets intégrant lutte biologique et sélection de variétés résistantes.
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory measurements of the functional response of adultCurinus coeruleus (Mulsant) to nymphs ofHeteropsylla cubana Crawford on filter paper and on leaves of different host plants showed a significant effect of these different substrates on nymph consumption at several different densities. Moreover, this effect may be explained by the influence of the substrate on the search rate of the predator. Host plants tested includedLeucaena leucocephala (Lam) de Witt,L. diversifolia (Schlecht.) Benth. andL. pallida Britton and Rose. Results obtained may be relevant to plant-protection research programs involving the integration of biological control with host-plant resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372325
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