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1

Digitale Medien

Accumulating polygenes for partial resistance in barley to barley leaf rust, Puccinia hordei. I. Selection for increased latent periods (1985)

Parlevliet, J. E. ; Kuiper, H. J.

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 7-13

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; barley leaf rust ; latent period ; minor genes ; partial resistance ; polygenes

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary The barley cultivar Cebaba Capa was crossed to the cultivar L94, which is assumed to carry no genes for increased latent periods, and Vada, which is assumed to carry five to six minor genes for a longer latent period (LP). In the F2 selection was carried out for short and long LP's in the young flag leaves to Puccinia hordei in both crosses. In the F3, F4 and F5 the selection for short as well as for long LP continued by selecting the extreme plants in the extreme lines, a typical pedigree selection approach. The LP's are given relative to those of ‘L94’, set at 100 and of ‘Vada’, set at 185. From the cross with ‘L94’ homogeneous lines were obtained with relative LP's of 100 and of 220. From the cross with ‘Vada’ the extreme lines had LP's of 135 and around or even beyond 300. ‘Cebaba Capa’ is thought to carry four to six minor genes with an average gene effect slightly larger than those of the five to six minor genes in ‘Vada’. From the four to six minor genes one or two may be identical to or closely linked with minor genes of ‘Vada’, the others appeared to be different. In the lines with LP's of close to 300 or even more the number of minor genes accumulated is thought to be in the order of eight or nine. These gene number estimates are based on independent assortment. If linkage occurs the number of genes involved may be larger. Because of the high correlation between LP in the young flag leaf and the partial resistance in the field the selected lines are assumed to have a partial resistance to barley leaf rust far beyond that of ‘Vada’, which represents almost the highest level of partial resistance in European cultivars.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022858

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2

Digitale Medien

Pathogenic variation among isolates of Rhynchosporium secalis from cultivated barley growing in Victoria, Australia (1985)

Brown, John S.

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 129-133

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Rhynchosporium secalis ; scald ; pathogenic variation

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Three hundred and nineteen Rhynchosporium secalis isolates from cultivated barley were divided into five groups on the basis of their virulence on 15 differential barley varieties. Pathogenic variation was also demonstrated for isolates from different scald lesions within the same crop and amongst different spores from the same lesions.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022872

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3

Digitale Medien

Conservation of powdery mildew resistance genes in three composite cross populations of barley (1985)

Smet, G. M. W. ; Scharen, A. L. ; Hockett, E. A.

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 265-272

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei ; powdery mildew ; composite cross populations ; resistance

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Barley powdery mildew was used as a model to evaluate the potential of barley composite cross populations for conservation of disease resistance. The objective was to determine if increases in resistance to powdery mildew could be detected over periods of time in composite cross populations developed in California, where the disease might have had a selective influence on the populations, and the same populations grown in Montana, where no selective influence of powdery mildew was expected. Four isolates of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei were used to monitor the frequencies of plants with specific mildew resistances through early, intermediate and late generations of three composite cross populations (CCII, CCV, CCXII) grown at Davis, California, and Bozeman and Moccasin, Montana. Changes in frequencies of plants resistant to the four isolates were observed between generations in all populations from the three locations. Trends in the frequencies of resistance are discussed in relation to selection pressure applied by E. graminis. It is suggested that associations with gene complexes other than resistance to E. graminis might help to explain the increased resistance observed in these studies. This research was funded in part by U.S. Agency for International Development Contract No. AID/DSAN-C-0024. The authors are grateful to Dr A. L. Kahler for seed of the composite cross populations and to Dr J. G. Moseman for the powdery mildew cultures.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022918

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4

Digitale Medien

The stability of the number of tillers of barley varieties and its relation with consistency of performance under semi-arid conditions (1985)

Hadjichristodoulou, A.

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 641-649

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; number of tillers ; stability of number of tillers ; consistency of performance ; semi-arid conditions

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary In 1981/82 60 barleys varieties were grown at 18 environments (three locations, three seed rates, two soil fertility regimes) and in 1982/83 22 varieties were grown again at 21 environments (seven locations, three seed rates). Grain yield was recorded only in the second year. The estimates of variances sx 2 (untransformed data) and s2 logx (transformed data) for number of tillers and grain yield varied significantly among varieties. When untransformed data were used, high tillering varieties had a higher variance for number of tillers per unit area than low tillering varieties. When the variation was measured by CV of untransformed data or by s2 logx on transformed data a reverse relation occurred, i.e. the correlation coefficient between number of tillers and the variation of number of tillers was negative. High grain yielding varieties had a high mean number of tillers and a low variance for number of tillers per unit area when transformed data were used to compute variances. All interactions between variety, seed rate and location for grain yield were significant. The regression analysis of variety grain yield (Y) on environment mean grain yield (X) gave regression coefficients, b, ranging from 0.51 to 1.69. There was no significant correlation between regression coefficient and grain yield. The highest yielding varieties had b values around 1.0. High grain yielding varieties had low variance of yield over environments and low values for deviations from the regression when transformed data were used. However, the correlations between mean yield and variance for yield or mean yield and deviations from regression were positive when untransformed data were used. From this study it is concluded that high mean number of tillers per unit area and low variance for number of tillers could be used in selecting varieties with consistently high yield at varying environments. Techniques are proposed for application early in the breeding programme, i.e. in segregating population or in nurseries.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035399

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5

Digitale Medien

Accumulating polygenes for partial resistance in barley to barley leaf rust, Puccinia hordei. II. Field evaluation (1985)

Parlevliet, J. E. ; Leijn, M. ; Ommeren, A.

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 15-20

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; barley leaf rust ; earliness ; latent period ; minor genes ; partial resistance ; polygenes

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Eight lines from the cross between ‘Vada’ and ‘Cebada Capa’ with long to very long latent periods and four barley cultivars representing the known range of partial resistance to barley leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, were evaluated in the field for partial resistance and in the greenhouse for the latent period (LP) in the young flag leaf. Each of the 12 entries was sown (15-4-1983) on a plot of 1.0 m2. There were four replicates. To reduce interplot interference the plots were separated from each other by 4.0 m of spring rye. The number of urediosori per tiller was evaluated at 27-6, 4-7, 12-7 and ten days after heading. The LP was measured on 10 to 15 plants per entry in 1982 and on 10 plants in 1983. The levels of partial resistance varied greatly. The difference in number of sori per tiller between the most susceptible cultivar, Akka, and the most resistant cultivar, Vada, was about 50 times. Between ‘Akka’ and the most resistant line this was approximately 5000 times. The LP's varied similarly. ‘Vada’ had a LP 64% longer than that of ‘Akka’, the LP of line 26-6-11 was 15% longer. The range of partial resistance has been extended more than twofold. The correlation coefficients between LP and the level of barley leaf rust, expressed in transformed scale units, varied from -0.99 for the first sampling date to -0.97 for the third sampling date. Sampling the same development stage, ten days after heading, did not improve the r-value (r=−0.98). The LP evaluated in the young flag leaf is shown to be a very reliable criterion for partial resistance in the barley-Puccinia hordei pathosystem. Earliness tends to be associated with susceptibility. The correlation of days to heading with LP was 0.63, and with the level of barley leaf rust in the field 0.64.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022859

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6

Digitale Medien

Evaluation of methods for the assessment of malting quality in barley breeding (1985)

Henry, R. J.

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 135-145

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; malting quality ; assessment

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Methods for assessing malting quality in barley breeding were evaluated for their precision, including variation between different batches, analysts and barley samples. The barley characters measured were grain moisture, ground grain moisture (two methods), grain weight, steep moisture, malt moisture (two methods), malt yield, malt nitrogen, malt soluble nitrogen, Kolbach index, malt diastatic power, malt α-amylase, malt β-glucanase, wort refractive index, hot water extract, extract yield, wort reducing sugars, wort total carbohydrates, wort α-amino nitrogen and wort total nitrogen. The value of these measurements in barley breeding is discussed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022873

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7

Digitale Medien

Partial resistance to Erysiphe graminis hordei in old European barley varieties (1985)

Jones, I. T. ; Davies, I. J. E. R.

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 499-507

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Erysiphe graminis hordei ; powdery mildew ; partial resistance ; non-hypersensitive resistance ; transgressive segregation

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary A collection of 133 genotypes consisting mainly of old European barleys and land varieties was assessed for level of partial resistance to barley mildew at the adult plant stage. Identification of any known resistance factors conferring hypersensitive reactions to the mildew races present at various frequencies in N.W. Europe was ensured through seedling tests with an appropriate AO mildew isolate. Thirty-nine varieties with relatively high levels of adult (partial) resistance and lacking known race-specific resistance genes were tested over a period of three years in field disease nurseries. At least thirteen varieties showed significantly less percentage leaf area infected than the control variety Proctor. These constitute a useful reserve of non-hypersensitive resistance, probably under the control of genes with mainly additive effects. In combination, these genes give enhanced levels of resistance, which could be of a more stable nature.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022947

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8

Digitale Medien

Race-specific effects in major genic and polygenic resistance of barley to barley leaf rust in the field: identification and distinction (1985)

Parlevliet, J. E. ; Ommeren, A.

Springer

Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 689-695

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ISSN: 1573-5060

Schlagwort(e): Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; barley leaf rust ; aggressiveness ; hypersensitive resistance ; horizontal resistance ; major genic resistance ; non-hypersensitive resistance ; partial resistance ; polygenic resistance ; race-specific resistance ; race-non-specific resistance ; vertical resistance ; virulence

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Six partially resistant spring barley cultivars were exposed to four barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) races in the field and in the greenhouse. The 24 cultivar-race combinations were tested in field plots of 1.5×1.5 m2 in two replications over two years. To reduce the interplot exchange of urediospores each plot was surrounded by winter rye. The level of barley leaf rust varied among cultivars, races and years. In both years the variance for cultivar-race interactions was highly significant and originating largely from the cultivar-race combinations Berac-22. Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A. The Berac-22 interaction was towards higher, the other three interactions towards a lower level of barley leaf rust. The reduced rust levels of these three combinations were not due to interactions between the partial resistance of these cultivars and the aggressiveness of the races but to major genes for hypersensitivity not effective to the races 1-2-1 and F, common in Western Europe, but effective against the rare races 22 and A. This was revealed in the greenhouse experiments where all combinations had a susceptible infection type except Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A, which showed low infection types in both the seedling and adult plant stages. The urediosori present in the field plots of these three combinations apparently arose from spores derived from other plots; this interplot interchange suggesting partial resistance. The interaction of ‘Berac’ with race 22 truly was a small race-specific effect within the polygenic, partial resistance of barley to barley leaf rust like the one reported before between ‘Julia’ and race 18.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035405

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9

Digitale Medien

Effects of mechanical stress on uptake and distribution of nutrients in barley (1985)

Lindberg, S. ; Pettersson, S.

Springer

Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 295-309

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; K influx ; Mechanical stress ; Nutrient uptake ; Pressure ; Root growth

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare, L. v. Salve) exposed to a mechanical stress (pressure) showed morphological and growth changes and differences in nutrient uptake. A model system was used where the roots developed in a nutrient solution in a bed of glass beads, which was compressed by an external pressure of 20 kPa. Pot experiments with compacted sand gave similar results. The main effects of applied pressure were: 1) elongation of roots was suppressed to 30–40% of controls, 2) mean diameter of roots increased, 3) dry matter content of roots increased, 4) N concentration of whole plants decreased, 5) Ca concentration of roots decreased, 6) concentrations of P, K and S were mainly unaffected. The results indicated that the main part of N and P are absorbed by lateral roots but that Ca is taken up by seminal roots. Short term experiments showed that K (86Rb) influx in roots of stressed plants was reduced to 50% of the controls. The corresponding inhibition for SO4 (35S) influx was 20%.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184300

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