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  • Articles  (5)
  • room fires  (3)
  • Membrane potential  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 1985  (5)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (3)
  • Technology  (2)
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  • Articles  (5)
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  • 1985-1989  (5)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
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Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slide rule estimates of Fire Growth (1985)
    Springer
    Fire technology 21 (1985), S. 267-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Calculators ; computer programs ; fire growth ; fire models ; room fires
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract A series of prediction methods has been assembled to provide an analytical basis for estimating fire growth in compartments. Solutions for each prediction method can be made using programmable scientific calculators. Prediction methods are presented for: fire size and growth rates, mass loss rates, radiant heat flux, flame height, radial flame impingement, heat flux to a ceiling, smoke filling of a room, carbon monoxide hazard with smoldering fires, temperature rise in a compartment, ventilation flow rate, flashover occurrence, corridor smoke transfer and filling, smoke concentration, visibility, flame spread rates, and fire burn time. These predictive methods are useful for estimating many of the critical elements related to fire behavior and help provide a better understanding of this complex phenomenon. This report appears as Appendix B inFire Growth in Combat Ships by J. G. Quintiere, H. R. Baum and J. R. Lawson, NBSIR 85-3159.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103584
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ASET-B: A room fire program for personal computers (1985)
    Springer
    Fire technology 21 (1985), S. 293-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Keywords: Compartment fires ; computer programs ; evacuation ; fire growth ; manuals ; mathematical models ; room fires ; smoke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract ASET-B, a personal computer program for predicting the fire environment in a single room, is presented. ASET-B solves the same differential equations as the previously developed computer program, ASET (Available Safe Egress Time), using a simpler numerical technique. ASET-B requires as input the height and area of the room, the elevation of the fire above the floor, a heat loss factor, and a fire specified in terms of heat release rate. The program predicts the thickness and the temperature of the hot smoke layer as a function of time. ASET-B is written in BASIC and is not subject to copyright. This paper describes the program and its use. Included are a listing of the program, program variable name listing and a sample run. A discussion of user modifications also is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103585
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cellular mechanism for myogenic regulation of cat cerebral arteries (1985)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 13 (1985), S. 335-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Electrophysiology ; Membrane potential ; Myogenic ; Cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is accomplished through integration of metabolic, neurogenic and myogenic mechanisms. Myogenic mechanisms involve activation of cerebral arterial muscle cells as transmural pressure increases, providing a means through which vessel caliber can be regulated to maintain blood flow constant. The cellular mechanisms involved in this myogenic response may involve changes in the electrical potential across the plasma membrane. When isolated cat middle cerebral arteries are cannulated and prepared in a manner allowing manipulation of transmural pressure, the muscle cell membrane depolarizes as pressure increases. The degree of membrane depolarization in response to an elevated pressure is dependent upon extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca]0), increasing as [Ca]0 is elevated and markedly decreasing as [Ca]0 is reduced to low levels. When these arterial preparations are maintained at a physiological pressure of around 100 mm Hg, spontaneous action potentials can be recorded which increase in frequency upon further elevation in pressure. Vessels exhibiting such electrical activity can be observed to decrease in diameter as pressure is increased. Such finding suggest a membrane electrical mechanism for myogenic autoregulation of cerebral arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasopressin induced rhythmic activity in rat basilar artery (1985)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 13 (1985), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: ADH ; Oscillating tension ; Vascular muscle ; Cerebral artery ; Membrane potential ; Electrogenic Na+ pump
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of vasopressin on membrane potential and tension were studied in isolated segments of basilar arteries from the University of Iowa colonies of normotensive inbred Kyoto-Wistar rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SP-SHR). In the presence of vasopressin (0.01–0.3 IU/ml), basilar arteries from WKY, but not from SP-SHR, developed rhythmic contractions. These contractions were recorded in 13 of 14 WKY basilar arteries, were unaffected by pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine, and were characterized by 20–100 dyne oscillations in tension, occurring 1–3 cycles/min, and superimposed on the vasopressin-induced contraction (averaging 60 dynes at 0.01 IU/ml or 160 dynes at 0.3 IU/ml). However, resting membrane potentials were not different in SP-SHR vs. WKY at 37°C, and both strains showed about the same (11 mV) depolarization by 0.1 IU/ml of vasopressin. The rhythmic contractions were enhanced by K+-free solution, and abolished in the presence of high K+ solution (30 mM), suggesting that active Na+−K+ transport may be involved in modulating the rhythmic activity. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the vasopressin-induced rhythmic contractions in WKY basilar arteries are at least partly dependent on a reduced activity of electrogenic Na+−K+ active transport in WKY as compared to SP-SHR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000009
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some factors influencing fire spread over room linings and in the ASTM E-84 tunnel test (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 9 (1985), S. 65-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Correlations ; flame spread ; flammability tests ; energy release rate ; room fires ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An examination of the correlative relationship between room fire intensity (temperature) and flammability data for materials, ASTM E-84 flame ratings and energy release rate from calorimertry devices is presented for fire spread on lings. The results of the analysis show the significance of two modes of flame spread - wind-aided and opposed-flow spread. The factors important in these spread modes are considered from approximate solutions developed for turbulent flow. As the importance of energy release rate to flame spread in the tunnel test (E-84) and in upward or wind-aided spread is illustrated. The results suggest a possible reason why the ASTM E-84 and in upward or wind-aided spread is illustrated. The results suggest a possible reason why the ASTM E-84 ratings may not be applicable to the performance of low-density combustible linings in wall fires. In the analyses, flame radiation has not been considered. Also the interpretation of energy release rate data for difference scale and orientation effects has been ignored. These two factors must ultimately be addressed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810090203
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