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  • Articles  (34)
  • Gas chromatography
  • Wheat
  • Springer  (34)
  • 1985-1989  (34)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1985  (34)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localisation of genes for components of photosystem II in chloroplast DNA from pea and wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1985), S. 329-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Pea ; Wheat ; Chloroplast genes ; Photosystem II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The genes for three components of photosystem II have been localised in chloroplast DNA from pea and wheat by hybridisation with gene-internal sequences from spinach chloroplast DNA. In both pea and wheat, the gene for the 51 kDa polypeptide is located close to the genes for cytochrome b-563 and the 15 kDa polypeptide of the cytochrome b-f complex. The genes for the D2 and 44 kDa polypeptides are located close together, approximately 55 kbp from the gene for the 51 kDa polypeptide, in both pea and wheat chloroplast DNA. The location and orientation of the genes for the D2 and 44 kDa polypeptides in wheat chloroplast DNA indicate that the rearrangement of the wheat genome with respect to the spinach genome is the result of at least two inversions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365629
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity of salt tolerance in a germplasm collection of wheat (Triticum spp.) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 651-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Diversity analysis ; Salt tolerance ; Triticum ; Wheat ; Wheat-rye derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A collection (5,072 lines) of wheat germplasm was screened at the seedling stage for tolerance to salinity concentrations having electrical conductivities of 0.8 (control), 12.5, 18.75 and 25.0 dS/m. Surviving seedlings were expressed for each line as a percentage of the control value. The 442 lines with greater than 70% surviving seedlings were tested for whole-life cycle survival under each salinity condition. The data of the reactions to salinity at both the seedling stage and maturity were used to classify the collection according to: (1) country of origin (2) species and ploidy level. The data were then subjected to a diversity analysis using the Shannon-Weaver information index. Seedling stage tolerance to 12.5 dS/cm salinity was widely distributed in the collection (79% of lines), whereas only 9% were tolerant at 25.0 dS/m salinity. The seedling stage tolerance was indicative of maturity tolerance. At the seedling stage, entries from USA and Egypt showed the largest proportions of tolerant lines. In addition, USA, Mexico and Egypt entries exhibited the widest variability. Diversity among regions was greater than among countries within regions, while the diversity among species was greater than among ploidy levels. Tetraploids exceeded hexaploids and diploids in the proportion of tolerant lines and diversity. Wheat-rye derivatives showed a good potential for salt tolerance at early stages. Screening more germplasm from the arid and semi-arid regions especially from countries with salt affected soils was recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251118
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and genetic control of a new class of disulphide-linked proteins in wheat endosperm (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 79-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Disulphide-linked proteins ; LMW glutenin subunits ; Genetic Control ; 2-D electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of unreduced total protein extracts from the endosperm of hexaploid wheat revealed three high molecular weight protein bands (triplet bands) in a zone of heavy background streaking. Electrophoretic examination of 135 hexaploid cultivars showed at least five different patterns of these triplet bands. Nine durum wheat cultivars showed a single band only. Analysis of nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelocentric lines of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat revealed that the slowest moving band (Tri-1) of the triplet was controlled by gene(s) on chromosome arm 1DS and the fastest moving band (Tri-3) by 1AS. The band with intermediate mobility (Tri-2) was found to be a hybrid aggregate of the subunits controlled by 1DS and 1AS. Using a non-reducing/reducing form of 2-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis, these triplet bands were shown to be heterotetramers of four subunits designated D (M.W. 58,000), δ (22,000), A (52,000) and α (23,000) where Tri-1=DδDδ, Tri-2 = DδAα and Tri-3 = AαAα. With very low concentrations of 2-mercaptoethanol (ME), the tetramers dissociated into dimeric subunit pairs (Dδ, Aα), the monomers being observed with higher concentrations of ME. The structure of these subunit pairs resembles that of the subunit pairs in the globulin storage proteins of oats and some legumes. The 2-D method employed in this study was useful also for separating low molecular weight (LMW) subunits of glutenin from the monomeric gliadins which have similar electrophoretic mobility in 1-D separation. It was shown that at least four of these LMW glutenin subunits are controlled by genes on 1DS and 1AS and at least one subunit is controlled by gene(s) on 1BS. This electrophoretic separation method has proven useful in understanding the aggregation behaviour of the seed proteins of wheat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278258
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organelle genome stability in anther-derived doubled haploids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. ‘Moisson’) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Anther-derived doubled haploids ; Chloroplast DNA ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Restriction patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chloroplast and mitochondrial compartments of a parental line of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. ‘Moisson’) and its anther-derived doubled haploid lines have been analyzed and compared on the basis of their DNA restriction patterns. The results obtained show that no noticeable difference can be detected between doubled haploid lines and parental line at the level of ctDNA and mtDNA organization. It may be concluded that in vitro culture by itself does not systematically generate a cytoplasmic variation in germ cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252074
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritive value of soybean, rapeseed and wheat proteins, and various blends of these vegetable proteins and their fractions in rats (1985)
    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 35 (1985), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: Soybean ; Rapeseed ; Wheat ; Protein fractions ; Protein efficiency ratio ; Digestibility ; Vegetable protein blends ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Blends of vegetable proteins were prepared to improve the nutritive value of these proteins. Soybean flour, rapeseed protein concentrate, whole wheat flour, soybean 2S+11S extract, wheat albumin-globulin + glutenin (AG+G) functions, and some of their blends were compared to casein for protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). Autoclaving (1 h) soybean proteins was also studied. Casein and rapeseed protein concentrate gave the highest weight gains and PER. Other protein sources gave lower values for both PER (P〈0.05) and weight gain. The digestibility of all vegetable proteins was lower (P〈0.05) than that of casein. PER of soybean 2S+11S extract was significantly lower (P〈0.05) than that of soybean flour. Autoclaving significantly (P〈0.05) improved the PER of both soybean flour and 2S+11S extract. The ADC of autoclaved 2S+11S extract was similar (P〈0.05) to that of autoclaved soybean flour and significantly higher (P〈0.05) than that of 2S+11S extract. Soybean flour had the lowest (P〈0.05) ADC. Heat treatment destroyed antinutritional factors, probably trypsin inhibitors and/or haemagglutinins of soybean. This was accompanied by improvement in the nutritional value of protein. The four blends were chosen on the basis of amino acid composition, chromatography of proteolyzates and nutritive value of each fraction. The PER of wheat albumin-globulin and glutenin (AG+G) blend was similar (P〈0.05) to that of wheat flour and lower (P〈0.05) than that of all other blends used. Wheat AG+G+rapeseed protein concentrate and wheat AG+G+soybean flour blends gave the highest (P〈0.05) PER. Wheat AG+G improved the PER of 2S+11S extract and of soybean flour but decreased the PER of rapeseed protein concentrate. Wheat AG+G and wheat AG+G+rapeseed protein concentrate blends gave an ADC significantly higher (P〈0.05) than that of wheat AG+G blend containing soybean flour of 2S+11S extract. However, blending wheat AG+G with either 2S+11S extract of soybean flour improved ADC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092128
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A single plant technique for field studies of distribution of32P-labelled phosphate between plant and soil pools (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 86 (1985), S. 415-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: A-value ; Available-P ; Isotope placement ; 32-P ; Soil organic-P ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary 32P-labelled monocalcium phosphate solution was supplied to the root system of individual wheat plants within a field crop two weeks after emergence. Three levels of carrier P, equivalent to 2.5, 5, and 10 kgP ha−1 were used. The distribution of32P between shoots and the soil inorganic and organic P fractions was measured after a further six weeks growth. There was no evidence for the incorporation of32P-orthophosphate into soil organic P fractions in the wheat rhizosphere in the period between germination and mid-tillering. The suitability of the single plant technique to measure plant available P in field soils was assessed by calculating ‘A’ values from plants grown in soil witth different fertilizer P histories. There was a significant linear relationship between ‘A’ values and the amount of soil P extractable with 0.5M NaHCO3 from the different fertilizer treatments. Although the technique is unlikely to given an absolute value for plant available nutrient, it can provide quantitative data for comparative trials with different forms of fertilizer, methods of fertilizer application or amounts of available soil water. The values obtained should be termed ‘comparative A’ values or ‘Ac’ values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145462
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of wheat roots under zinc deficiency (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 313-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Root development ; Water culture ; Wheat ; Zinc deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wheat seedlings were cultured in nutrient solutions with and without zinc supply. Shoot: root ratio was reduced in plants without zinc and the greater biomass of −Zn roots was a result of enhanced 1st order lateral root numbers and length. The implications of morphological changes under zinc stress are discussed in relation to knowledge of ion absorption pathways across roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184301
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional effects of non-steady state soil salinity on a salt-tolerant wheat cultivar (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 223-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Absorption ; Accumulation ; Calcareous soil ; Calcium ; Chloride ; Leaching ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Phosphate ; Potassium ; Sea water ; Triticum aestivum L. ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary On an initially non-saline calcareous soil, the advanced wheat line RI 3748 (Triticum aestivum L.) was irrigated by sea water dilutions having ECi-2, 12, 18 and 24 mS cm−1 at 20°C in quantities equal to 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 times evapotranspiration. Leaching of the soil (L) significantly affected concentrations of N, Ca, P, Na, Cl, and Mg in topgrowth at specific ages. These effects were attributed to the non-steady state salinity of the rootzone and were found to be of minor importance with respect to plant performance. Concentrations of Ca and N did not respond to ECi. Nitrogen and P levels were very low under all ECi levels and decreased rapidly until maturity. Sodium and Cl attained fairly high concentrations in plant tops, in response to ECi and plant age. However, it was found that up to ECi=12 increased absorption of Cl controlled its concentration whereas above this level, growth inhibition was the cause of higher Cl concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184294
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of the salinity response of wheat by the genome ofElytrigia elongatum (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amphiploid ; Elytrigia ; Genome ; Salinity ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat ; Wheatgrass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring wheat,Elytrigia elongatum (tall wheatgrass), and theTriticum-Elytrigia amphiploid were grown in complete nutrient culture containing, in addition, 0, 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl. The 3 genotypes responded quite differently to increasing salinity; the Na concentration of wheat shoots increased in direct proportion to the increase in salinity of the external medium whereas the Elytrigia response was interpreted as showing high affinity for Na at low external Na (40 mM) but comparative exclusion of Na at high salinities (120 mM). In contrast, Na levels of the amphiploid were less than those of either wheat or Elytrigia under both low and high salinities. Thus the amphiploid behaved like wheat at 40 mM NaCl but more like Elytrigia at 120 mM NaCl because Na transport to the amphiploid shoot was restricted over the whole salinity range. The K concentration of the amphiploid shoot at high salinities was significantly greater than the K concentrations of either wheat or Elytrigia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of rates of natural senescence of the root cortex of wheat (with and without mildew infection), barley, oats and rye (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 84 (1985), S. 129-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Erysiphe graminis ; Gaeumannomyces graminis ; Nuclei Oa's ; Root death ; Rye ; Senescence ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In comparative tests in a glasshouse, the cortex of oat and rye roots senesced more slowly than the cortex of wheat and barley roots. Of the cereals tested, wheat showed the most rapid rate of root cortical senescence, and the rate was unaffected by inoculation of leaves withErysiphe graminis. The results are discussed in relation to infection by root pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197874
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of additions ofAegilops longissima chromosomes on grain protein in common wheat (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 429-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Aegilops longissima chromosomes ; Nitrogen fertilization ; Protein content ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effect of various chromosomes ofAegilops longissima when added to the common wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ was evaluated at two levels of nitrogen fertilization for absolute and relative amount of protein in the grain. All the added chromosomes ofAe. longissima increased protein percentage: protein increase by chromosomes D, C and A averaged 3.8% while that by chromosomes F, E, G and B averaged 1.7%. Addition lines F, D and C had a significantly higher protein weight per grain. On the other hand, lines A, E and G had reduced grain protein weight per grain as compared with that of ‘Chinese Spring’. Line C carries the HMW glutenin and some of the gliadin subunits ofAe. longissima. The effect of this line, however, and obviously that of the other lines on protein content was through genes controlling the level of storage protein rather than through genes that code directly for these proteins. Nitrogen fertilization affected protein content and the relative amount of the various protein fractions in a similar manner in every addition line. When high levels of nitrogen fertilization were compared to low ones, the relative amount of the HMW glutenins remained constant while that of HMW gliadins increased and that of the LMW subunits decreased. In contrast to the nitrogen effect, increase in protein content by the addition oflongissima chromosomes did not change the relative amounts of the various protein fractions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570913
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrachromosomal mapping of crossability genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Crossability genes ; Wheat ; Intrachromosomal mapping ; Rye ; Hordeum bulbosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Intrachromosomal mapping studies were used to locate the positions of the genes Kr1 and Kr2, which control the crossability of wheat with Hordeum bulbosum, on chromosomes 5B and 5A, respectively. The location of Kr1 was established using the telocentric mapping technique and found to be on the long arm of chromosome 5B, distal to the centromere with a mean recombination frequency of 44.8±3.28%. Kr2 was located on the long arm of chromosome 5A by linkage with the major gene markers Vrn1, controlling vernalization requirement, and q, controlling ear morphology. Kr2 is closely linked to Vrn1, with a mean recombination frequency of 4.8±4.66%, and is distal to q with a mean recombination frequency of 38.1±10.60%. The similar locations of Kr1 and Kr2 on homoeologous chromosomes suggest that these two loci are homoeoallelic. Significant correlations between Hordeum bulbosum and rye crossability confirmed that Kr1 and Kr2 control the crossability of wheat with both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304917
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical analysis of chromosome 5A of wheat and its influence on important agronomic characters (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 71 (1985), S. 518-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Wheat ; Vernalisation genes ; Agronomic characters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromosome 5A of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum carries the major gene, Vrnl, which is one of the main determinants of the winter/spring growth habit polymorphism in this species. Genetical analysis of this chromosome has been carried out using single-chromosome recombinant lines to establish the pleiotropic effects of this locus and two other major genes, q determining ear morphology and bl determining the presence of awns, on important agronomic characters. The three major genes were located on the long arm of chromosome 5A with a gene order of: centromere -bl-q-Vrnl. Analysis of quantitative characters from a winter sowing revealed pleiotropic effects of Vrnl or the effects of closely linked loci on the characters plant height, tiller number and spikelet number. However effects on ear emergence time were not associated with Vrnl but with q as were effects on spikelet number and ear length. In addition a locus determining yield/plant was located between Vrnl and q. Independant loci determining height and ear length were apparent on the short arm of chromosome 5A. From a spring sowing, however, there was a large pleiotropic effect of Vrnl on ear emergence time, as well as the effects previously detected. In addition, associated with q were effects on plant height and grain size which were not expressed from the winter sowing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251199
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved energy generator for the study of reactions of thermal-energy electrons with organic compounds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Electron-capture ; Thermal-energy electrons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The products resulting from the reaction between thermal energy electrons and organic compounds have been investigated to further our knowledge of the mode of action of the electron-capture detector. Thermal energy electrons were generated by maintaining a corona discharge between a stainless steel cathode and a silver/silver chloride anode. The effects of electrode geometry, gas composition, gas flow rate, and the physical properties of the test substances were investigated. The design of the reactor was modified to minimize losses of unchanged substrate. Reaction products of benzaldehyde, tolualdehydes, chlorobenzaldehydes, and dichlorobenzenes were identified by combined gas chromatography — mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262703
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wide-bore capillary columns for gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 195-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Wide-bore capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262711
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of silica with mixtures of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane and hexamethyldisilazane (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silica surface modification ; Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane ; Hexamethyldisilazane ; Support materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For chromatographic purposes the use of mixtures instead of individual silylating agents can produce better deactivated surface than those shown by silicas modified by hexamethylcyclotrisilazane or hexamethyldisilazane separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310388
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new adsorbent for trace level organic contaminants (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thermosorb ; Tenax GC ; Environmental Analysis ; Trace Organics ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A preliminary study has been carried out to evaluate a new adsorbent, Thermosorb, for trace level organic contaminants. For this purpose, a comparison was made with a well-characterized adsorbent, Tenax GC, using a prepared aqueous solution of trace organic components. In addition, a comparison was made of chromatograms of air contaminants obtained using both of these adsorbents, under equivalent conditions. The results clearly indicated the potential of this thermally stable, inorganic adsorbent for many trace organic substances of environmental interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269059
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the flame photometric detector in the sulphur mode (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Flame photometric detector ; Sulphur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The effect of experimental conditions such as gas flow rates, detector and column temperatures on sulphur response are discussed. It is concluded that the response of the flame photometric detector is affected by the O/H ratio and the total gas flow. Column temperature has an important influence upon S2 emission. It is shown that the sulphur response of the FPD is dependent on the compound containing the sulphur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269065
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromatography in fluidized beds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fluidized beds ; Industrial chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Chromatography is carried out under the conditions of fluidization, in long, straight tubes under organized and non-organized conditions. Under non-organized conditions the column is filled only with a sorbent. In organized conditions, either metal coils are added into the column or a segmented column is utilized with metal grids. The results obtained are compared to those obtained under fixed-bed conditions when the column is completely filled with the sorbent. Organized fluidized beds provide a significant decrease in longitudinal bandspreading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312173
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid as liquid-crystalline sorbent in gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystals ; Substituted benzenes and selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention mechanisms of polymethylbenzenes and n-alkylbenzenes on the inert solid support Chromaton (spec-surface area: 1m2/g) and the adsorbent-support Silochrom (C-80 (80 m2/g) coated with p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid have been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260485
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of the properties of liquid crystals on the film thickness and surface quality of capillary columns (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystal ; Capillary columns ; Retention data ; Stationary phase film thickness ; Column surface quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary columns were prepared from non-deactivated and deactivated glass and coated with (2-methyl-4-[trans-4-n-propyl-cyclohexylcarbonyloxy]-benzoic acid-[4-n-heptyloxy-phenylester]) as the liqud phase, in different film thicknesses. The columns were tested using substances of different structures and polarities. It was verified that the capacity factors, retention indices and selectivity significantly depend on the thickness of the liquid crystalline stationary phase film and the quality of the tube, particularly in the case of columns with thin films. Trasition temperatures (melting and clearing point) of the liquid crystal are also dependent on these two factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263219
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopy and the classification of liquid stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary liquid, choice of ; Physico-chemical data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A table of data for acidity, basicity, polarity and London potential for stationary phases is given. These provide guidance in choosing a stationary phase for a given task from the 26 substances listed. The indices are calculated from infra-red shifts of 1-chlorobutane and the visible wavelength shifts of l2 when they are dissolved in the stationary phases, from NMR estimates of acidity and basicity and from relative retention data. They replace the less reliable data of Burns and Hawkes. Methods of determining the indices are suggested that require only a gas chromatograph and can be applied by technicians with no specialized understanding of solution parameters. An attempt to add electron donoracceptor indices to the table was unsuccessful. A further table is given of the slopes of the log plots d(logt′)/dC for use in extrapolating from one homologue to another on these stationary phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310386
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new derivative for improved GLC separation of mannose, galactose and glucose (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 403-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Separation of sugars ; Oxime formation ; Silylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The procedure involving oxime formation followed by silylation for the analysis of standard hexoses by GC resulted in unseparated peaks for D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose. This procedure was therefore modified to obtain clear separation of hexoses. STOX (hydroxylamine containing phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as the internal standard) was mixed with trimethylsilylimidazol or hexamethyldisilazane, and then added to a standard sugar mixture containing D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography with OV-17/OV-22 as the stationary phase, resulting in three distinct peaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265481
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic malic and citric acids in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the determination of these aliphatic hydroxy acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.02. For mole ratios above 0.02 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–2.53 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.27 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265484
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A GC-system for the analysis of residual geothermal gases (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 681-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Geothermal gases ; Molecular sieves ; Low temperature separations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gases evolved from geothermal fields, after condensation of H2O, CO2, H2S and NH3 in caustic solution, contain He, H2, Ar, O2, N2, CH4 and higher hydrocarbons. The analysis for the major components in these residual gas mixtures can be achieved by use of two simple gas chromatographs in parallel, and using 5Å molecular sieve. The separation of He and H2 to baseline is achieved by using low temperatures (30°C) coupled with a relatively long column; and the difficult separation of Ar and O2 is achieved by use of a cryogenically cooled column. The use of switching valves to backflush and bypass columns ensures that a minimum time for analysis can be achieved whilst retaining baseline separations of the He/H2 and Ar/O2 pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262691
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of derivatives of chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 685-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification ; Ethyl and methyl esters of herbicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification method has been applied to chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides. This method is compared with esterification by iodoethane and diazomethane. The chlorophenoxy acids studied were: 2,4-D, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop and 2,4,5-T. Other herbicides studied were: benazolin, bentazone, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorthal, dicamba, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, ethephon, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, haloxyfop, ioxynil, picloram, 2,3,6-TBA and triclopyr. Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification can be successfully applied to chlorophenoxy acids, benazolin, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, fluroxypyr, haloxyfop, picloram and triclopyr. The reproductibility of the method is ±5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262693
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the chromatographic step profile method for determination of water film pressure and surface free energy of quartz (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 724-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Step profile method ; Adsorption isotherm ; Water film pressure ; Surface free energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Investigation of water adsorption by the step profile method (Glueckauf method) was carried out with the help of a modified gas chromatography equipped with thermal-conductivity detector. On the basis of the adsorption isotherm obtained, the water film pressure and the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz were calculated. The calculated value of the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz agrees with analogous values obtained by other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282930
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of polyalcohols in wine and vinegar by gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polyalcohol quantification ; Wine ; Vinegar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method is described for the analysis of arabitol, mannitol, sorbitol and inositol in wine. The method is evaluated for repeatability using perseitol as internal standard. Perseitol can be added to wine before or after passing the wine through the ion-exchange column without showing significant differences in the polyalcohol content. The method is also applied to the analysis of vinegar from different substrates (wine cider and rice).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262712
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of supports with liquid phases by thermal treatment in a closed system (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 228-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Modified diatomaceous supports
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diatomaceous earth type supports are modified with a liquid phase, by high-temperature thermal treatment in a closed system. It is shown that the retention characteristics of the support changes by this treatment. The main advantage of this method, as compared with modification in a flow-through system is that liquid phase evaporation and possibility of oxydation during the process can be avoided. This ensures a better uniformity of the modified support.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259692
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of the thermal and photochemical reaction products in diethyl ether solutions of nitrogen oxides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 466-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Diethyl ether ; Photo-induced reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary When dissolved in diethyl ether, nitrogen dioxide reacts with the solvent, slowly at room temperature, more rapidly on heating of UV irradiation. A complex mixture of products is formed in which further changes are observed after prolonged storge: these are less pronounced if the unreacted nitrogen oxides are removed. A gas chromatographic method was applied for the identification of the majority of products. Irradiation does not change significantly the qualitative and quantitative composition of the reaction products. The reaction is thus the so-called photo-induced process [ΔG〈0]. Preliminary suggestions are made concerning the reaction mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344787
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air-sampling of three tertiary amines (triethylamine, dimethylisopropylamine, dimethylethylamine) (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; H2SO4-coated silica gel ; Air pollution (foundries) ; Tertiary amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of the main publications dealing with air-sampling and analysis of aliphatic amines, the authors propose and investigate two sampling methods (bubbling through a sulfuric acid solution, trapping on sulfuric acid-treated silica-gel) for three tertiary aliphatic amines commonly encountered in foundries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260478
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    Electronic Resource
    Identification of non-branched alkenylcycloalkanes with a terminal double bond from retention index increments (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Retention indices ; Alkylcyclopentane and Alkenylcyclopentane ; Alkylcyclohexane and Alkenylcyclohexane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Reaction products of the pyrolysis of n-dodecylpentane and n-hexylcyclohexane had been separated and identified on a glass capillary column coated with Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1. The identification of the components in the pyrolysis products and of the corresponding hydrogenated samples was performed from structure retention correlations, especially retention index increments (1CH2), homomorphy values (HOV-1) and the temperature coefficients of retention indices (δI/δT). Hence the presence of homologous 1-alkenes and of monoalkenylcycloalkanes could be confirmed. Based on the addition principle of index increments the determination of the side chain structure of alkenylcycloalkanes (straight chain) and the position of the double bond was ascertained. The calculation of the retention indices of these compounds was performed with high accuracy (deviation 〈1 index unit). Retention indices of 10 1-alkenes, 11 monoalkenyl-cyclopentanes, 11 monoalkylcyclopentanes, 5 monoalkenylcyclohexanes and 5 monoalkylcyclohexanes were determined on the liquid phase Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280602
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between thermodynamic characteristics and isothermal retention indices (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic characteristics ; Retention index calculation ; Temperature dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Thermodynamic characteristics determined from retention data measured under isothermal conditions were used for the calculation of retention indices of a number of model compound. The minimum retention index difference required for the identification of two adijacent compounds as well the temperature dependency of retention index are discussed. The possibility of alculating thermodynamic characteristics from retention indices published in the literature was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263223
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    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of amino acids to n-butyl and isobutyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Amino acids have been esterified with n-butanol and isobutanol in the presence of perchloric acid. It has been established that in the concentration range of [H2O]/[n-BuOH]=0.10–0.40 esterification can be utilized for the determination of alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, proline, methionine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine and cystine. In the case of [H2O]/[i-BuOH] =0.05–0.20 the esterification yield decreases from 100% to 70%, in proportion to the water content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262686
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