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  • Drosophila melanogaster  (30)
  • Springer  (30)
  • 1985-1989  (30)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1935-1939
  • 1985  (30)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989  (30)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrapopulational genetic variation in the hybridization betweenDrosophila melanogaster females andD. simulans males (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 106-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Drosophila simulans ; intrapopulational variation ; interspecific crossing ; hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intrapopulational variation on interspecific crossing ability betweenD. melanogaster andD. simulans has been measured. When themelanogaster females andsimulans males were crossed, hybridization ranged from 3 to 34%, the female component of variation being more important than the male component. This point is discussed in relation with the role played by each sex in sexual isolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02005900
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of intercalating mutagens on crossing-over inDrosophila melanogaster females (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1078-1079 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; intercalating mutagens ; crossing-over ; clastogenic activity ; recombination induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to evaluate the effect of several intercalating compounds on crossing-over inDrosophila melanogaster females, acridine orange, acriflavine, chloroquine, ethidium bromide and quinacrine were fed separately to larvae ofy ct f/+++ genotype. Our results show that acridine orange, acriflavine and ethidium bromide increase significantly the recombination frequency at thect-f region and support the view that, for intercalating agents, there is a relationship between clastogenic activity and female recombination induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952152
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of DDT on DNA replication in the larval salivary gland cells ofDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 745-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; salivary gland ; larval ; DNA replication ; DDT ; chromosomes ; polytene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The inhibitory effect of DDT on the initial stage of the DNA replication process in polytene chromosomes of larval salivary gland cells ofDrosophila melanogaster was investigated and possible mechanisms for the inhibition are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012576
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature-dependent responses to a developmental gradient in theDrosophila wing (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1346-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Positional information ; temperature effects ; gradients ; campaniform sensillae ; wing veins ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The mutant hairy (h) increases the number of sensillae on theDrosophila wing. This allows us to quantify a gradient that determines the type of sense organ that forms along the third long vein. Temperature significantly shifts the positional responses to this underlying gradient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952088
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory projections from dorsal and ventral appendages inDrosophila grafted to the same site are different (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1607-1609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Neuronal specificity ; sensory projections ; serial homology ; ectopic transplantation ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Owing to a new transplantation technique, we have been able to study the sensory projections of homologous and heterologous appendages grafted to the same abdominal site inD. melanogaster. Axons from homologous transplants exhibit similar terminal patterns, whereas those from heterologous transplants do not. It is suggested that ectopic sensory axons specifically recognized central areas and pathways occupied by axons from homologous appendages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964832
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drosophila melanogaster aldehyde dehydrogenase (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 57-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; aldehyde dehydrogenase ; mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation confirms the presence of aldehyde dehydrogenase inD. melanogaster. It is found principally in the heavy mitochondrial fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02005872
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic load and effective size of natural populations ofDrosophila melanogaster in Korea (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 127-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; second chromosome ; drastics ; genetic load ; population size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of 750 second chromosomes ofDrosophila melanogaster on viability was studied. 19.3% of them proved letal or semilethal (=drastics) in homozygous condition. Compared to data obtained in previous years at the same sampling site, a significant frequency decrease of drastics during the past decade could be observed. The dynamic processes taking place in the Korean wild populations ofD. melanogaster are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02005911
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobile gene localization and viability inDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1474-1476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mobile elements ; inbreeding ; in situ hybridization ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location of the mobile element mdg-1 was determined by in situ hybridization in salivary gland chromosomes ofDrosophila melanogaster. The locations of mdg-1 are nonrandom and some ‘hot spots’ exist. Moreover, the spectra of mdg-1 locations vary with the viability values of the families from which the larvae originated. This suggests that particular frequency spectra are associated with lethality resulting from inbreeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01950044
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetaldehyde oxidation inDrosophila null-mutants for alcohol dehydrogenase (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 946-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Acetaldehyde oxydation ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; aldehyde dehydrogenase ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Drosophila simulans ; ethanol catabolism ; null-mutants for alcohol dehydrogenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is demonstrated in four strains ofD. melanogaster lacking active alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-null mutants). In the four strains, ALDH activities are similar to those found in a wild strain. It is concluded that ADH-null flies are able to detoxify acetaldehyde. This finding is discussed in relation with the dual function of ADH proposed recently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01970027
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further studies onengrailed mutants inDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1985), S. 236-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; engrailed ; Selector gene ; Genetic complementation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In 1975, Morata and Lawrence proposed that theengrailed (en) locus was a selector gene that controlled the different pathways of development followed by anterior and posterior compartments. This hypothesis assumed that the phenotype ofen 1 flies results from partial inactivity of theen + product. However, the mutant phenotype ofen 1/DF(2R)en − is weaker thanen 1/en 1. This implies that the partial P→A transformation ofen 1 does not result primarily from reduction inen + activity. Heterozygotes betweenl(2) en alleles andDf(2R)en − deletions express a similar phenotype of fused embryonic segments to that described by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, and also by Kornberg, forl(2) en homozygoes. By this criterion, the lethal phenotype results from partial or complete lack ofen _ activity. Despite this, the1(2) en alleles give only a weak P→A transformation, whether recovered as embryonic lethals or by failure to complementen 1. They appear to define only one locus and, with the exception ofen 1, the available genetic date suggest that the complementation pattern at this locus is simple. Thus, it is unlikely thatengrailed is the sole determinant of the A/P compartment separation. It might be one of a number of loci that affect the alternative pathways followed by anterior and posterior compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848252
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue distribution of malic enzyme-NADP+ inD. melanogaster imaginal discs (1985)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1985), S. 217-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Malic enzyme ; Distribution patterns ; Imaginal discs ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The spatial distribution patterns of malic enzyme-NADP+ (ME) inDrosophila melanogaster imaginal discs and other structures were demonstrated histochemically. Staining in the imaginal discs was limited to specific areas where intense reactions occurred primarily in differentiating structures. The eye-antennal disc possessed the most distinctive staining pattern. The ommatidial preclusters and clusters of the eye portion both stained, with heavier deposition in mature clusters. Staining in the preclusters closest to the morphogenetic furrow (MF) was obscured by a band of stained cells on either side of the MF that extends dorsoventrally across the disc. The ME low activity mutantMen NCl showed a dramatic reduction in staining of this band of cells but had no visible effect on eye morphogenesis. The larval optic nerve which traverses the entire length of the eye-antennal disc was a consistently stained feature. Two structures specifically stained in the leg discs. The most prominent was the chordotonal organ, while the second was a larval nerve extending the length of the disc. Limited staining was observed in the wing disc. No ME staining could be detected in the labial disc or haltere disc. Even though the genital discs did not stain for ME, the enzyme was induced sometime during the pupal stage since intense staining was noted in several adult internal genital disc derived structures. In general, ME staining in imaginal discs was associated with structures from the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848249
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating single gene effects on quantitative traits (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 625-629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Esterase 6 ; Mating behavior ; Population genetics ; Quantitative genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A modified diallel cross is used to estimate effects of alleles at the esterase 6 locus, relative to strain and environmental variance, in Drosophila melanogaster. Three strains homozygous for Est 6 s and three homozygous for Est 6 F were crossed in all 36 combinations. Male progeny were scored for mating speed, copula duration and esterase 6 enzyme activity, and all progeny for developmental time. These alleles show a significant additive effect on mating speed, but not on the other traits. Copula duration, developmental time and enzyme activity show additive strain genetic variance. Enzyme activity and developmental time also have maternal or X-chromosome strain variance, and these two traits are significantly correlated. This modified diallel method is generally useful because it permits the partition of trait variance into additive and dominant locus, background genetic and environmental components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251114
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect thermal selection in Drosophila melanogaster and adaptive consequences (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 645-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Indirect selection ; Temperature ; Correlated responses ; Reproductive isolation ; Fitness components ; Enzyme activities ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Short-term indirect selection in Drosophila melanogaster for heat-sensitivity and heat resistance resulted in two strains, one heat sensitive and another heat resistant, and correlated responses were found for the rate of heat shock protein synthesis, behavioral patterns (asymmetrical sexual isolation) and fitness components (fecundity, fertility, viability, developmental time), as well as for several enzyme activities (MDH, G-6-PDH, ADH, ACHE). These responses associated with temperature selection may reflect the effects of differential inbreeding depression caused by homozygosity of temperature sensitive mutations with different pleiotropic effects. Selection even of a very short duration can induce significant adaptive and evolutionary changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00251117
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yolk polypeptide gene expression in Minute Drosophila females (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 363-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Minute mutations ; yolk polypeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Minutes have been considered for some time to be mutant at the sites of synthesis of some components of the protein synthetic apparatus. To study the hypothetical relationship between Minutes and suboptimal translation, a group of abundant proteins, the yolk polypeptides, was assayed in outcrossed females bearing M(3)w, M(3)h y , or M(1)n mutations. Recently emerged Minute females contained a lower amount of yolk polypeptides, in both ovarian and nonovarian tissues, than their non-Minute sisters. This low level correlated with the lower abundance of cytoplasmic RNA in Minutes compared to control females. By 1 week of age, both M(3)w and their non-Minute sibs contained the same amount of yolk polypeptides and the corresponding mRNA. The double heterozygote, ap 4/+;M(3)w/+, did not differ in yolk polypeptide content from control flies. M(3)w females demonstrated reduced fecundity during the period of low yolk polypeptide content but gradually increased egg deposition as yolk polypeptide levels rose. These results suggest that the low protein levels are due to the slower maturation of M(3)w, and not to less efficient translation machinery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499080
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naturally occurring quantitative variants of acid phosphatase-1 in Drosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 465-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; acid phosphatase ; gene regulation ; quantitative variants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We have examined 111 wild Drosophila melanogaster lines for cis-acting quantitative variants of the Acph-1 gene, which codes for acid phosphatase-1 (ACPH). Three variants with obvious, reproducible phenotypes were isolated. All variants acted equally on all tissues and developmental stages examined. No recombinants were detected between one quantitative variant and the site determining the electrophoretic mobility of Acph-1 among 3885 flies examined. Several enzymatic properties of the variant enzymes were tested, including the K m values for two substrates, inhibition by three different inhibitors, and thermal stability; the variant enzymes behaved identically to the wild-type enzyme in all cases. Immunological titration experiments showed that the variant enzymes had the same enzyme activity per molecule of ACPH as the wild-type enzyme. These results suggest that the quantitative variants we have identified are altered in the regulatory portion of Acph-1 so as to produce altered numbers of normal ACPH molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499087
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Electrophoretic and heat-stability polymorphism at the phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) locus in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 29-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: phosphoglucomutase ; Drosophila melanogaster ; thermostability allozymes ; geographic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic polymorphism for electrophoretic and heat-sensitive alleles is known at the phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Analysis of the distribution of electrophoretic and thermosensitive (ts) alleles was carried out in natural populations from Canada and West Africa and compared with already known data on Italian populations [Trippa, G., Loverre, A., and Catamo, A. (1976). Nature 260:42]. The data show the existence of five common alleles, Pgm 1.00,tr, Pgm 1,00,ts, Pgm 0.70,ts, Pgm 1.20,ts, and Pgm 1.50,tr, and two rare alleles, Pgm 0.55,ts and Pgm 1.20,tr. The most frequent allele is always Pgm 1.00,tr; the second most common allele is always of the ts type. The cumulated frequencies of ts alleles in the populations varies between 11 and 32%. The heat stability polymorphism is present in all populations examined and shows again the uniform geographic pattern that has been found for electrophoretic variation at this locus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499110
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The alcohol dehydrogenase alleloenzymes AdhS and AdhF from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster: An enzymatic rate assay to determine the active-site concentration (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 205-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: alcohol dehydrogenase ; Drosophila melanogaster ; alleloenzymes ; active-site titration ; enzymatic rate assay ; catalytic-center activity ; enzymology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A rapid and reproducible enzymatic rate assay for the quantitative determination of the concentration of active sites is presented for the alleloenzymes AdhS and AdhF from Drosophila melanogaster. Using this procedure the turnover numbers as catalytic-center activities were found to be 12.2 sec−1 for AdhF and 3.4 sec−1 for AdhS with secondary alcohols. This showed a slower dissociation of the coenzyme from the binary enzyme-NADH complex with AdhS and hence a stronger binding of NADH to this alleloenzyme. With ethanol, the catalytic-center activity was 1.4 sec−1 for AdhS and 2.8 sec−1 for AdhF, and hence the single amino acid mutation distinguishing the two alleloenzymes also affected hydride transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504319
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Three purine auxotrophic loci on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 539-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; purines ; auxotrophs ; adenosine ; guanosine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mutations at three second-chromosomal loci of Drosophila melanogaster have been isolated, mapped, and shown to be purine nucleoside auxotrophs. Two of the loci, adenosine2 and adenosine3, located at map positions 18.4 and 20, respectively, produce mutations which are supplementable with adenine, adenosine, and inosine. Guanosine supplements mutations at the burgundy locus (55.7); this locus was described previously through a pteridine eye-color defect but identified as an auxotrophic locus after the isolation of a new allele, bur gua2-1 . The mutation ade2-1 also has defective pteridine metabolism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504289
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  • 19
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    Genetic and physiological parameters associated with cadmium toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 571-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; cadmium ingestion ; cadmium excretion ; genetics of cadmium toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two strains of Drosophila melanogaster represent the extremes in resistance and sensitivity to the lethal effects of CdCl2. The strain containing the mutations vermilion and brown (v; bw) and the strain Austin had LC50's of 3.3 and 1.3mm CdCl2, respectively. The three major chromosomes from these two strains were assorted genetically into the six possible combinations. The measured LC50's for CdCl2 for these six genotypes fell into two groups according to the X chromosome; those containing the X chromosome from v; bw had LC50's 0.5–1.0mm greater than those in which the X chromosome was from Austin. Since the parent strains differed by 2mm, we suggest that the X chromosome is a major, but not the sole, site of genes to produce resistance to CdCl2. When 109Cd was in the diet the uptake by v; bw and Austin over 2 days was the same. After 4 days of uptake, the Austin strain excreted the 109Cd five times faster than v; bw but the six genotypes did not differ appreciably in excretion rate from one another and resembled the sensitive parent Austin more than the resistant one. Thus a second process is indicated that distinguishes resistance to CdCl2 that apparently is not associated with the X chromosome.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504291
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  • 20
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    Structural analysis of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from severalDrosophila species (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 801-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; D. hydei ; D. immigrans ; D. mercatorum ; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; peptide mapping ; amino acid sequencing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes preliminary protein structural studies of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH) fromDrosophila spp. and an important innovative feature of our enzyme purification protocol. The scheme involves the coupling of substrate (α-glycerophosphate) elution from CM-Sephadex and cofactor (NADH) elution from Affi-Gel blue resin. Using this method a 32.7% yield and a 111-fold purification were obtained from aD. melanogaster line carrying the α-Gpdh S allele at the α-Gpdh locus. The product obtained from 0 to 3-day-old adult flies was electrophoretically homogeneous and consisted mainly of the adult α-GPDH-1 isozyme. The method was used to obtain α-GPDH protein fromD. melanogaster (two lines),D. hydei, D. immigrans, andD. mercatorum. Peptide mapping revealed structural differences among the enzymes from the different species, and amino acid sequencing showed many similarities betweenD. melanogaster α-GPDH and the rabbit muscle enzyme.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554089
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  • 21
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    cis-Vaccenyl acetate as an aggregation pheromone inDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1747-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; Drosophila melanogaster ; pheromone ; (Z)-11-octadecenyl acetate ; cis-vaccenyl acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pentane extracts of matureDrosophila melanogaster males substantially increased the attractiveness of food odors to both males and females in a wind-tunnel olfactometer. Extracts of females caused no such increase. An active component of the extract was isolated and identified as (Z)-11-octadecenyl acetate (cis-vaccenyl acetate, cVA), and synthetic cVA was active in bioassay. Hydrolysis of the ester linkage or movement of the double bond to the 9 position destroyed the activity. Mature virgin males released cVA into their feeding vials, and amounts of synthetic CVA equal to that released per male caused significant bioassay responses. Females, which were known to receive cVA from males during copulation, were found to emit relatively large amounts of the ester into their feeding vials within 6 hr after mating. cVA had been demonstrated previously to be a close-range pheromone inD. melanogaster, discouraging males from courting other males or recently mated females; it now appears to have a longer-range function as well.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012124
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  • 22
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    Intensification and prolongation of host searching inLeptopilina heterotoma (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) through a kairomone produced byDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 125-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Leptopilina heterotoma ; Hymenoptera ; Eucoilidae ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; host searching ; kairomone ; concentration effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A chemical cue (kairomone) of the host, larvae ofDrosophila, was found to influence patch-time allocation of the parasiteLeptopilina heterotoma. This kairomone is soluble in water and chloroform. The kairomone was purified using thin-layer chromatography. The concentration of the kairomone increases with an increasing number of hosts. The parasites may use presence and concentration of the kairomone as cues to determine patch-time allocation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987611
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  • 23
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    Compared behavioral responses of maleDrosophila melanogaster (Canton S) to natural and synthetic aphrodisiacs (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1617-1629 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; Diptera ; Drosophilidae ; aphrodisiac pheromone ; recognition pattern ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; heptacosadienes ; mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cuticular aphrodisiacs fromD. melanogaster females were further characterized and the male response specificity towards such natural and synthetic unsaturated hydrocarbons was investigated. The behavioral activity seems to be correlated with some chain-length requirement and double-bond position; at least one double bond in position 7 seems necessary. This position is more abundant among natural monoenes, and among dienes which also bear a second double bond in position 11, whatever the chain length. Bioassays of the synthetic (Z,Z)-7,11-heptacosadiene yielded a dose-response curve close to that of the natural mixture of heptacosadienes in which the 7–11 isomer is predominant. This female specific 7,11 heptacosadiene appears to be the most potent aphrodisiac for males of the species. Its threshold is lower than that of both 7,11-nonacosadiene and 7-pentacosene which might also play a role in sex and species recognition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012116
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster populations in Iraq (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 321-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: polymorphism ; Drosophila melanogaster ; esterase-6 ; phosphoglucomutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic studies of the degree and pattern of polymorphism at two third-chromosome loci, esterase-6 (Est-6) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM), were carried out in three Drosophila melanogaster populations collected from different localities in Iraq: Mosul, Tuwaitha, and Basrah. The results show that only the Tuwaitha population was polymorphic for both loci; the other two populations were polymorphic for Est-6 and monomorphic for PGM. The allele frequency changes at both loci were followed for 20 generations in an experimental cage derived from the Tuwaitha population; it was found that there is a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at both loci toward the homozygote.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504328
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural analysis of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from severalDrosophila species (1985)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 23 (1985), S. 801-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; D. hydei ; D. immigrans ; D. mercatorum ; glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; peptide mapping ; amino acid sequencing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This report describes preliminary protein structural studies of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH) fromDrosophila spp. and an important innovative feature of our enzyme purification protocol. The scheme involves the coupling of substrate (α-glycerophosphate) elution from CM-Sephadex and cofactor (NADH) elution from Affi-Gel blue resin. Using this method a 32.7% yield and a 111-fold purification were obtained from aD. melanogaster line carrying the α-Gpdh S allele at the α-Gpdh locus. The product obtained from 0 to 3-day-old adult flies was electrophoretically homogeneous and consisted mainly of the adult α-GPDH-1 isozyme. The method was used to obtain α-GPDH protein fromD. melanogaster (two lines),D. hydei, D. immigrans, andD. mercatorum. Peptide mapping revealed structural differences among the enzymes from the different species, and amino acid sequencing showed many similarities betweenD. melanogaster α-GPDH and the rabbit muscle enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02399410
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    Electronic Resource
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    Validating time-sampled observations of courtship inDrosophila melanogaster for behavior genetic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 15 (1985), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: courtship elements ; time sampling ; strain differences ; virgin and fertilized females ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A time-sampling method is described, which permits simultaneous observation of male courtship behavior in large numbers of single-pair matings ofDrosophila melanogaster. Validation by direct comparison with continuous observation showed that time-sampling yielded high-quality information for the discrete components of the courtship sequence. The method was shown to be sensitive to the difference in courtship intensity caused by exposure to virgin or mated females and it characterized male courtship of four lines ofD. melanogaster. The economy of the method makes courtship behavior amenable to the detailed genotype-environment analyses of biometrical genetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01071930
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation between the genetic variability of digging behavior ofDrosophila larvae and their susceptibility to a parasitic wasp (1985)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 15 (1985), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; digging behavior ; larval depth concealment ; parasitic success
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract TwoDrosophila strains were compared with respect to the behavior of their larvae on food substrate: a wild-type strain (D) from the West Indies exhibited digging behavior, while a laboratory strain (S), bearing theebony mutation, remained on the surface. Chromosome transfers showed this difference to be due mainly to autosomes. There was a significant difference between the two strains in the proportions of larvae parasitized by a cynipid wasp. This was not due to theebony mutation or to other traits such as larval size, cuticle thickness, and speed of development. Chromosome transfers demonstrated a significant role of the three major chromosomes in the susceptibility to the parasite. A clear parallelism was found between the susceptibility to parasitization and the proportion of surface larvae. The depth of concealment of the larvae in the food matter appears to be a favorable behavioral strategy for escaping parasite attacks. The possible adaptive significance of genetic variations in larval behavior is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065895
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prepupation behavior inDrosophila: Embedding (1985)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 15 (1985), S. 155-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: prepupation behavior ; Drosophila melanogaster ; embedding ; chromosomal analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A newD. Melanogaster prepupation behavior, “embedding,” is described. Prior to pupation, some larvae burrow through the agar and pupate at the end of the burrowed tunnel with the posterior end of their body embedded in the agar. Embedding behavior is studied in laboratory-and field-derived stocks under two light regimes and in two test dishes. The chromosomal constitution of the strains (in particular the third pair of autosomes) significantly affected differences in embedding behavior. Differences in embedding behavior were also affected by light regime but not by test dish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065896
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-termebony polymorphisms: A comparison of the contributions of behavioral and nonbehavioral fitness characters (1985)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 15 (1985), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster ; ebony ; polymorphism ; heterosis ; mating speed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Theebony 11 mutant allele was observed to be polymorphic in three sets of duplicated populations which differed in their genetic backgrounds. The polymorphisms were maintained for over 5 years (130 generations) and showed no signs of decay, withebony frequencies fluctuating from 10 to 30%. Studies of fitness characters suggested that male mating speed may be an important factor in maintaining these polymorphisms, as heterozygous males mate significantly faster than either homozygote. Other characters such as female fecundity, larval viability, and developmental rate showed little evidence either for heterosis or for frequency-dependent effects which might contribute to the polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065897
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aging effect on male mating activity inDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 15 (1985), S. 297-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: mating activity ; aging ; selection ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Noncompetitive mating activity for young (3-day) and old (28-day) Drosophila melanogaster males was measured under chromosomally homozygous and heterozygous conditions. Old males were consistently less active than young ones under both conditions. Three of 29 homozygous lines exhibited sterility due to aging. Virility at the old age did not correlate with that at the young age. Differences among homozygous lines were highly significant for old and young males, indicating a genetic basis for the trait. Individual variation in “old” virility was shown to be much higher than that in young males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065984
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