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1

Digitale Medien

Nutrient fluxes in a eutrophic coastal Louisiana freshwater lake (1985)

Stow, C. A. ; Laune, R. D. ; Patrick, W. H.

Springer

Environmental management 9 (1985), S. 243-251

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ISSN: 1432-1009

Schlagwort(e): Water quality ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Sedimentation ; 137Cs dating ; Freshwater lake ; Nutrient sinks ; Eutrophication

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in a eutrophic Louisiana freshwater lake system (Lac des Allemands) was studied. Nutrients from runoff entering the lake, as well as sediment-interstitial and lake water nitrogen and phosphorus fractions, were measured seasonally. Sedimentation rates in the lake were determined using137Cs dating. Phosphorus levels in the lake were found to be largely dependent on concentrations in the incoming bayou water from upland drainage. Lake water concentrations appear to respond to fluctuations in incoming waters. Laboratory equilibrium studies showed bottom sediments in the lake are a major sink for the incoming dissolved orthophosphate phosphorus. Total nitrogen concentrations in the lake water generally exceeded incoming runoff concentrations, suggesting fixation by the large blue-green algae population in the lake as being the major source of nitrogen to the system. Sedimentation ranged from 0.44 cm/year to 0.81 cm/year, depending on the proximity to the inlet bayous. Even though the lake is eutrophic the sediment served as a buffer by removing large amounts of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus through sedimentation processes. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus were accumulating in the sediment at rates of 60, 7.1, and 1.1 g/m2/year, respectively. The water quality of the lake is likely to continue to decline unless measures are taken to reduce municipal, industrial, and agricultural inputs of phosphorus into the lake.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867080

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2

Digitale Medien

Effects of synthetic and microbially produced chelates on the diffusion of iron and phosphorus to a simulated root in soil (1985)

Reid, R. K. ; Reid, C. P. P. ; Szaniszlo, P. J.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 45-52

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Schlagwort(e): Iron ; Phosphorus ; Siderophore ; Hydroxamate ; Chelates

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Hydroxamate siderophores (HS) are microbially produced, ferric-specific chelates, known to occur in soil, and to be capable of providing iron to higher plants. This study examined the potential for HS to influence the diffusion of both iron and phosphorus to plant roots in soil. The HS desferrioxamine-B (DFOB) and desferriferrichrome (ferrichrome) were compared with the synthetic chelates ethylenediamine [di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)acid] (EDDHA) and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and citrate, oxalate, and distilled water in their ability to increase diffusion of iron using a simulated root technique. Chelate solutions were pumped through porous fiber bundles imbedded in soil previously labeled with55Fe. In a sandy loam of pH 7.5,55Fe diffusion caused by 10−4 M DFOB was twice that of water, but similar to that caused by 10−4 M EDDHA. However, 10−3 M EDDHA resulted in greater diffusion than 10-3 M DFOB. The diffusions resulting from equimolar quantities of citrate, oxalate, and EDTA were similar to that with distilled water. In a clay soil of pH 5.2 previously labeled with55Fe and32 P, the response in55Fe diffusion to chelate treatments was: 10−4 M EDDHA 〉 10−4 M ferrichrome 〉 10−3 M DFOB 〉 10−4 M DFOB 〉 water. Both ferrichrome and EDDHA caused2 P diffusion to increase substantially over that of distilled water. These results suggest that hydroxamate siderophores present in the rhizosphere could effectively increase the level of soluble iron for root uptake and possibly increase phosphorus uptake by solubilization of phosphorus from iron phosphates at acid pH.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710970

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3

Digitale Medien

Comparative effects of four mycorrhizal fungi on loblolly pine seedlings growing in a greenhouse in a Piedmont soil (1985)

Ford, V. L. ; Torbert, J. L. ; Burger, J. A. ; [weitere]

Springer

Plant and soil 83 (1985), S. 215-221

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Cecil soil type ; Phosphorus ; Pinus taeda ; Scleroderma aurantium

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ectomycorrhizae on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growing in a Piedmont soil. Pine seedlings were inoculated with one of four species of fungi (Scleroderma aurantium, Pisolithus tinctorius, Thelophora terrestris, andRhizopogon roseolus). The seedlings were grown in pots containing a Cecil sandy clay loam amended to create a gradient of extractable P ranging from 5.9 to 52.5 μg/g. After ten months, all colonized seedlings were significantly larger than control seedlings. However, of the four fungi,Scleroderma aurantium mediated a far superior shoot growth response to increasing levels of soil P; the seedlings were significantly larger than those colonized by any other fungus and also had the largest root systems and greatest degree of mycorrhizal colonization.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184293

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4

Digitale Medien

Influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on ammonia-assimilating enzymes of Azolla (1985)

Kannaiyan, S. ; Venkataramanan, S.

Springer

Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 271-273

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Ammonia assimilating enzymes ; Anabaena azollae ; Azolla ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary A field experiment was conducted and studied the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on ammonia assimilating enzymes of Azolla. Nitrogen and phosphorus at 30 and 60 kg/ha respectively were tested andAzolla pinnata was inoculated at 200 g/m2. The Azolla samples were drawn on 24th hr, 7th day and 14th day and the ammonia assimilating enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamine dehydrogenase (GDH) were estimated. Nitrogen and phosphorus have markedly suppressed the GDH activity but fertilizer nitrogen has no significant influence in inhibiting the enzyme activity of GOGAT and GS. In general phosphorus application also has stimulated the GS activity significantly during the first sampling period of 24th hour.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182453

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5

Digitale Medien

Fertilization management of crops irrigated with saline water (1985)

Feigin, A.

Springer

Plant and soil 89 (1985), S. 285-299

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Calcium ; Chloride ; Ion antagonism ; Magnesium ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Nutrition disorders ; Phosphorus ; Salinity-fertility relationship ; Sodium

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Available data concerning nutrition and fertilization effects on crops irrigated with saline water are presented and discussed. Published data on the salinity-fertility relationship are, at least to some extent, contradictory; both positive and negative effects as well as no effect of fertilization on salinity tolerance have been recorded. However, a great deal of the experimental work supports the view that standard fertilization recommendations for non-saline conditions are also suitable for saline conditions. In addition, available data indicate that the apparent salt tolerance of agricultural crops varies with soil fertility level. Consequently, crops showing exceptionally high apparent salt tolerance at a low fertility level become more sensitive when adequately fertilized, although the absolute yield may be greatly increased. On the other hand, some data seem to show a real increase in salinity tolerance under improved fertility conditions. Important information concerning the responses of plants to salinity under various fertility levels was obtained by tissue analysis. It should be kept in mind that this information may be influenced also by the plant species and by environmental conditions.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182248

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6

Digitale Medien

Influence of washing on elemental analysis of leaves of fieldgrown crop plants (1985)

Hargrove, W. L. ; Ohki, K. ; Wilson, D. O.

Springer

Plant and soil 88 (1985), S. 93-100

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Aluminum ; Calcium ; Copper ; Glycine max ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sorghum bicolor ; Triticum aestivum ; Zea Mays ; Zinc

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Information is limited on soil contamination of leaves from field-grown row crops, especially with respect to aluminum (Al) analyses. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of washing leaf samples with either deionized water or detergent solution on elemental analyses for several agronomic crop plants. The crop plants sampled were corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The crops were grown on a range of soil types, soil pH values, and tillage practices. Samples of upper leaves and lower leaves were collected separately. The samples were either not washed, washed with deionized water, or washed with detergent solution. After drying, grinding, and digesting, the samples were analyzed for Al, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu). For all crop plants and conditions studied, there was no effect on measured N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, or Cu concentrations, but measured Al and Fe concentrations were influenced by washing. In general, washing had a greater effect on Al analyses than on Fe analyses. Soybean samples were most affected by washing, while wheat samples seemed to be least affected. The results reflected greater contamination of lower leaves than upper leaves. Decontamination procedures appear necessary prior to Al and Fe analyses of field-grown crop plants.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140668

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7

Digitale Medien

Distribution of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut (1985)

Reddy, K. Chandrasekhara ; Murthy, P. Krishna

Springer

Plant and soil 84 (1985), S. 269-273

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Calcium ; Copper ; Groundnut ; Iron ; Kernel ; Kharif ; Leaflet ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Petiole ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Root ; Shell ; Stem ; Sulphur ; Summer ; Zinc

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143189

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8

Digitale Medien

Nutrient proportions in foliage of semi-mature loblolly pine (1985)

Adams, M. B. ; Allen, H. L.

Springer

Plant and soil 86 (1985), S. 27-34

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Loblolly pine ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient ratios ; Phosphorus ; Pinus taeda

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Nitrogen and phosphorus limitations to growth are common in many loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands. Interactions of these nutrients may complicate interpretation of foliar nutrient analysis for predicting response to forest fertilization. Proportions of foliar nutrient concentrations (and the changes in these proportions following fertilization) were examined in 36 semi-mature loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern United States. Mean proportions of nutrient concentrations (N∶P∶K∶Ca∶Mg) for non-fertilized stands were 100∶9.3∶36.5∶17.2∶9.2. Potassium and phosphorus were higher. Nitrogen fertilization generally decreased the P∶N ratio and enhanced growth, indicating a nitrogen deficiency in most stands under study. Additions of nitrogen and phosphorus together yielded a significant increase in the P∶N ratio. Effects of fertilization effects on other nutrient concentration ratios were also examined.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185022

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9

Digitale Medien

Phosphorus accumulation by lignotubers of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn ex Sm.) seedlings grown in a range of soils (1985)

Dell, B. ; Jones, S. ; Wallace, I. M.

Springer

Plant and soil 86 (1985), S. 225-232

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Eucalyptus marginata ; Lignotuber ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Seedlings ; Virgin soils X-ray probe microanalysis

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary Jarrah seedlings were grown in six virgin Western Australian soils for up to 27 months. Lignotubers were produced in all soils and formed 10–16% of plant dry weight. The phosphorus concentration in the lignotuber (250–800 μg g−1) was nearly twice that in the stem and roots. The lignotuber contained 10–30% of total plant phosphorus and like the leaves was a sink for phosphorus. In one lateritic soil the phosphorus concentrations of lignotuber and stem barks were similar. However, in the same plants the concentration of phosphorus in the lignotuber wood was five times the phosphorus concentration in stem wood. Hence both lignotuber bark and sap wood in young jarrah seedlings are storage sites for phosphorus. X-ray probe analysis showed that wood phosphorus was associated with the ray parenchyma. Unlike phosphorus, nitrogen did not accumulate in the lignotuber and the concentrations of nitrogen were similar for roots, lignotubers and stems.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182897

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10

Digitale Medien

Effect of zinc fertilization on the mineral nutrition of rices differing in tolerance to zinc deficiency (1985)

Cayton, M. T. C. ; Reyes, E. D. ; Neue, H. U.

Springer

Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 319-327

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Schlagwort(e): Copper ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mineral nutrition ; Nutrient translocation ; Phosphorus ; Rice ; Varietal tolerance ; Zinc ; Zinc fertilization

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft

Notizen: Summary The effects of four Zn levels on the electrochemical and chemical properties of the soil solution, and on the growth and mineral nutrition of two rice varieties (IR26 and IR34) differing in tolerance to Zn deficiency were studied in the greenhouse using Zn-deficient soils from two locations. A similar experiment was conducted in culture solution to check how Zn addition affects translocation of other nutrients. In both soil and culture solution, plant Zn concentrations alone was not enough to account for varietal tolerance to Zn deficiency. Comparison of nutrient to Zn and shoot to root ratios of nutrients was more useful in determining the possible mechanism of varietal tolerance. IR 34 appeared to tolerate the disorder due to its lower Zn requirement, more efficient Zn translocation and ability to maintain lower Fe/Zn, Cu/Zn, Mg/Zn and P/Zn ratios in the shoot than the more susceptible variety, IR26. This was shown to be due to decreased translocation of Fe, Mg and P to shoots and decreased absorption of Cu by the root in IR34 in culture solution studies. Adding Zn further reduces translocation or absorption of these nutrients and depending on the nutrient supply of the soil, could cause deficiencies or mineral imbalances, especially of Fe, Cu, and P. These observed varietal differences regarding Zn requirement and the interaction of Zn with absorption and translocation of plant nutrients necessitates revision of recommendations for Zn fertilization. There is an inevitable need for Zn application in severely Zn-deficient soils regardless of rice variety. But on marginally Zn-deficient soils especially those low in Fe, Cu, or P, Zn fertilization is not advisable when resistant rice varieties are used.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181899

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