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  • Coleoptera  (31)
  • Springer  (31)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (31)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
  • 1985  (31)
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  • Springer  (31)
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989  (31)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of egg recognition by the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; Callosobruchus ; cowpea weevil ; egg recognition ; oviposition deterrents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Plusieurs expériences ont été réalisées pour déterminer pour quelles raisons les femelles de Callosobruchus maculatus évitent de pondre sur les graines portant des oeufs. La répulsion a été associée à l'oeuf lui-même et non à une autre activité de l'adulte sur la graine. Des stimuli tant chimiques que physiques (tactiles) ont semblé impliqués dans la découverte des oeufs; la substance répulsive était plus soluble dans le méthanol que dans l'éther ou l'eau. Contrairement à des études antérieures sur C. chinensis, nous avons observé que les femelles n'étaient pas dissuadées de pondre sur des graines exposées préalablement à de fortes densités de mâles.
    Notes: Abstract Several experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism by which ovipositing cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), avoid egg-laden seeds. Deterrence was associated with the egg itself and not with other adult activities on the host. Both chemical and physical (tactile) stimuli appear to be involved in egg recognition; the chemical deterrent was more soluble in methanol than in ether or water. Contrary to a previous study using C. chinensis (L.), we found that females were not deterred from ovipositing on seeds that had been exposed to high densities of males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191655
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of induced chemical changes on interpretation of feeding preference tests (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: induced change ; induced resistance ; chemical change ; feeding ; herbivore ; feeding tests ; feeding preferences ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les choix alimentaires d'un groupe de chrysoméles spécialistes ou généralistes a été étudié en utilisant 3 méthodes: plantes entières, feuilles coupées, rondelles de feuilles. Les méthodes utilisées out eu un effet très significatif sur les préférences relatives des chrysomèles du maïs, du haricot et de la courge. Dans quelques cas le seuil de signification statistique pour un choix particulier a été modifié par la méthode utilisée et dans d'autres cas l'ordre de préférence a été totalement inversé. Les choix alimentaires des spécialistes ont été moins affectés par la méthode utilisée que pour les espèces les plus généralistes. Il y a eu aussi un effet plus important des différences entre les méthodes rondelle de feuilles et feuille entière qu'entre feuille entière et plante entière. Les changements chimiques induits dans les plantes par les dégâts sont probablement très répandus et les chercheurs devraient en tenir compte quand ils programment et interprètent des expériences sur les préférences alimentaires.
    Notes: Abstract Feeding preferences of a group of specialist and generalist chrysomelid beetles were examined using three test methods: whole plants, excised leaves and leaf discs. Method of testing had a very significant effect on relative preferences of the beetles for corn, bean and squash. In some cases the level of statistical significance for a particular preference was affected by test methodology and in other cases the direction of preference was reversed altogether. The feeding preferences of the specialist beetle species were less affected by test method than were the more generalist species. There was also a much greater effect of the difference in test method between the disc test and whole leaf test than between the whole leaf test and whole plant test. Chemical changes in plants induced by damage are probably quite widespread in plants and investigators should take this into account when designing and interpreting tests of insect feeding preference.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338527
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of alfalfa weevil strains by allozyme analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 113-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hypera postica ; alfalfa weevil ; allozyme analysis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les allozymes d'Hypera de l'est des USA (Beltsville, Maryland; Washington Co., Illinois), de l'ouest des USA (Logan et St Georges, Utah) et ‘égyptiens’ (Yuma, Arizona; Westmorland, Californie) ont été analysés par électrophorèse sur gel d'acrylamide. L'étude a porté sur 22 loci de 12 enzymes (ACPH, ADH, AMY, AO, EST, GOT, G-6PDH, MDH, ME, SOD, TYR, XDH). L'hétérozygotie moyenne de la population était 0.231, avec une moyenne de loci polymorphes de 0.536. La distance génétique moyenne de l'ensemble des populations était de 0.033 et l'indice de fixation de 0.024. Des loci caractéristiques ont été trouvés qui pourraient permettre de distinguer les Hypera occidentaux des orientaux et des ‘égyptiens’. La faible distance génétique entre les Hypera orientaux et ‘égyptiens’ suggère qu'ils appartiennent à la même souche et sont certainement différents des occidentaux. A partir de cela et d'autres éléments, nous concluons que tous les Hypera des USA sont H. postica Gyllenhal et que l'utilisation d'H. brunneipennis Boheman pour désigner les Hypera ‘égyptiens’ d'Amérique du Nord doit être abandonnée.
    Notes: Abstract Allozyme profiles of eastern weevils (Beltsville, Maryland; Washington Co., Illinois), western weevils (Logan and St. George, Utah), and Egyptian weevils (Yuma, Arizona; Westmorland, California) were compiled by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-two gene loci from 12 enzymes (ACPH, ADH, AMY, AO, EST, GOT, G-6PDH, MDH, ME, SOD, TYR, XDH) were analyzed. Mean heterozygosity of these populations was 0.231, with an average proportion of polymorphic loci of 0.536. The mean genetic distance of all weevil populations was 0.033 and the fixation index was 0.024. Diagnostic loci were found which could distinguish western weevils from eastern and Egyptian weevils. The small genetic distance between the eastern and Egyptian weevils suggests that they may be the same strain and are certainly different from the western weevil strain. Based on this and other evidence, we conclude that all weevil strains in the United States are Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), and that the use of H. brunneipennis (Boheman) for the Egyptian alfalfa weevil of North America should be discontinued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188198
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of a vestigial wing mutation in the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: alfalfa weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Hypera postica ; mutation ; vestigial-wing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des H. postica aux ailes postérieures vestigiales ont été découverts dans une population de Wageningen (Pays Bas) et deux des USA—une lignée orientale de Beltsville (Maryland) et une lignée de H. brunneipennis d'Atascadero (Californie). Ce mutant était absent de 23 autres populations examinées aux USA: 3 de l'est, 7 de l'ouest et 13 de H. brunneipennis. Cette mutation est due à un gène dominant antosomal avec aile normale comme récessif. Le gêne mutant peut être transféré des lignées orientales aux lignées occidentales. Le caractère aile courte peut être pratique pour les manipulations génétiques destinées à maîtriser les populations d'H. postica.
    Notes: Abstract Alfalfa weevils (Hypera postica (Gyllenhal)) with vestigial hind wings were discovered in a population from Wageningen, the Netherlands, and two populations from the United States—an eastern weevil strain from Beltsville, Maryland and an Egyptian weevil strain from Atascadero, California. Such a mutant was absent from 23 other populations surveyed in the United States—three from eastern, seven from western, and 13 from Egyptian weevil strains. This mutation is due to a dominant autosomal gene with normal-wing individuals as recessive. The mutant gene can be transferred from eastern weevil to the western weevil strain. The short-wing trait may be useful for genetic manipulation to control the alfalfa weevil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191653
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The daily onset of flight in the crepuscular dung beetle Onitis alexis (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Onitis alexis ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeinae ; dung beetle ; crepuscular flight ; superposition eyes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'examen a porté sur le rôle de l'intensité lumineuse et de la température sur l'incitation au vol chez Onitis alexis. Le vol en lumière naturelle est fortement synchronisé, avec les deux tiers des adultes qui s'envolent en 10–12 min. Sur six vols pour différents jours, le moment moyen d'envol variait de 13 min, mais l'envol moyen avait lieu à une intensité lumineuse déterminée. La valeur absolue de l'intensité lumineuse paraît ainsi un signal crucial dans la détermination et l'incitation au vol. Le moment d'envol se maintient à cette intensité quand le crépuscule est artificiellement avancé jusqu'à 8 min environ. Cependant, quand le crépuscule est rendu encore plus précoce, l'envol moyen se produit à des intensités plus basses et est étalé. Ceci peut être interprété comme un chevauchement de la période des intensités lumineuses favorables à l'envol avec le rythme circadien qui conduit les bousiers à la surface. Aucun adulte ne vole quand il y a maintien de lumière constante ou d'obscurité à l'heure du crépuscule. En présence de crépuscule constant, les réponses sont hétérogènes, et, bien que le moment médian d'envol ne soit retardé que de 3 min, par rapport aux témoins, l'incitation à l'envol est étalée sur une période plus longue. Avec des températures au sol de 20–22 °C, plus de 90% des adultes s'envolent. Le pourcentage diminue avec la température, et moins de 10% s'envolent à 16–17 °C.
    Notes: Abstract The role of light intensity and temperature in determining the onset of flight in the crepuscular dung beetle Onitis alexis Klug (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was examined. Flight under natural light was highly synchronized, with two-thirds of the beetles that flew flying over a period of 10–12 min. In six flights on different days, the mean time of onset varied by up to 13 min, but mean onset occurred at fixed light intensity. Absolute light intensity therefore appears to be a vital cue in determining flight onset. Mean onset remained at this intensity when dusk was advanced artificially by up to about 8 min. However, when dusk was brought further forward, mean flight occurred at lower intensities and onset of flight took place over a longer period. This is interpreted as an overlapping of the period of light intensities suitable for flight with the circadian rhythm that brings the beetles to the surface. No beetles flew when kept under constant bright light or in the dark during the dusk period. Under conditions of constant dusk, the beetles appeared uncoordinated and, although the median time of onset of flight was only 3 min later than in the control flight, onset of flight was spread out over a much longer period. At soil temperatures of 20–22 °C, over 90% of the beetles flew. This percentage decreased with decreasing temperature, and less than 10% flew at temperatures of 16–17 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestion rate in relation to starvation in the larva of a carabid predator, Poecilus cupreus (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; Poecilus cupreus ; larva ; starvation ; digestion ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit eine quantitativen enzymabhängigen Immunoabsorptionstest wurde immunoreaktives Material aus Beutetieren als Eiweissgehalt (IRM/P) in Larven eines polyphagen räuberischen Carabiden, Poecilus cupreus, bestimmt. Wir bestimmten den Beuteverzehr und die Geschwindigkeit des IRM/P Abbaus bei Larven, die während verschiedener Zeit gehungert hatten. Der Beuteverzehr nahm exponentiell zu über 7 Tage Hunger. Die Geschwindigkeit des Beute- IRM/P Abbaus schien logarithmisch. Die Beuteaufnahme nahm fast zwanzigfach zu über 7 Tage Hunger von 2.7 ng auf 50.2 ng IRM/P/10 Mikroliter Larvenextrakt. Der grösste Teil der Verdauung erfolgte am zweiten bis dritten Tag nach der Nahrungsaufnahme, unabhängig von der verdauten Menge. Das Niveau 4 Tage nach der Fütterung zeigte, dass Larven, die vorgängig 7 Tage gehungert hatten, 5.0 ng IRM/P/10 Microliter Extrakt zurückhielten; dies war mehr als die Aufnahmemenge nichthungernder Larven. Die Verdauungsgeschwindigleit nahm zu mit der Dauer des Hungerns, doch wurde auch mehr Beute im Nahrungskanal zurückgehalten.
    Notes: Abstract Prey antigen levels were determined by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in larvae of a carabid predator, Poecilus cupreus L. under laboratory conditions. We determined prey consumption and rate of prey protein decay in larvae having starved for different periods. Prey consumption increased exponentially over 7 days of starvation. The rate of prey immunoreactive material decay seemed to be logarithmic, similar in larvae which had starved for different periods. Most of the digestion took place in the first 3 days period after feeding, irrespective of the amounts ingested. The rate of decay increased with increasing period of starvation. There were also signs of food retention in the alimentary canal in larvae which starved longer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188199
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence des inflorescences de la plante hôte (Vigna unguiculata) sur la levée de la diapause reproductrice de Bruchidius atrolineatus (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Bruchidae ; diapause reproductrice ; inflorescence ; Vigna unguiculata ; activité sexuelle mâle ; ovogenèse ; ponte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) is a widely distributed bruchid in the Sahelian zone which shows a reproductive diapause during the dry season and part of the rainy season. Diapausing females do not produce vitellogenin and their ovaries are reduced to the germarium. Spermatogenesis is very much reduced and male accessory glands are inactive. When these insects were placed in the presence of inflorescences of Vigna unguiculata which were renewed daily, the reproductive diapause of both males and females was interrupted after 15–20 days. Vitellogenesis occurred in the females and spermatogenesis increased in the males whilst their accessory glands became functional. When diapausing bruchids, found in stores of on V. unguiculata seeds during the dry season, were placed near the host plant's inflorescences, diapause was also terminated. In all cases, diapause was not interrupted when the insects were offered dry pods of V. unguiculata in a water-saturated atmosphere. The pollen, which is hardly eaten by this bruchid, did not seem to stimulate termination of diapause. Sensory stimulations derived from the flowers or/and nutritional factors may be the cause of the development of the reproductive organs. After termination of the diapause the males showed normal sexual activity whereas female fecundity was rather low, at least in our experimental conditions. This type of reproductive regulation allows this sahelian bruchid to resume its sexual activity when the host plant's flowers appear in the field at the end of the rainy season. Then the beetles lay their eggs on the pods as soon as the pods are developed.
    Notes: Abstract Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) présente en zone sahélienne une diapause reproductrice durant la saison sèche et une partie de la saison des pluies. Les femelles diapausantes ne produisent pas de vitellogénine et le germarium des ovarioles est seul développé. Chez les mâles la spermatogenèse est très ralentie et les glandes annexes sont inactives. Lorsque les insectes diapausants sont placés en présence d'inflorescences de Vigna unguiculata Walp, leurs organes reproducteurs deviennent fonctionnels après un temps de latence de 15 à 20 jours. Il n'y a par contre aucune levée de la diapause chez des bruches placées en présence de gousses sèches de V. unguiculata dans une atmosphère saturée. Des informations sensorielles issues des pièces florales ou (et) des facteurs nutritionnels sans doute liés a la consommation de nectar semblent être à l'origine de cette levée de la diapause. Le pollen fort peu consommé n'a par contre aucun rôle. Cette régulation du cycle reproducteur de B. atrolineatus par les inflorescences de V. unguiculata permet l'émission des oeufs dès que les gousses commencent à se former à la fin de la saison des pluies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338522
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha americana) (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 516-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; chemical defense ; steroids ; pregnanes ; isoprenoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The defensive anal effluent discharged bySilpha americana in response to disturbance contains a mixture of steroids stemming from a glandular annex of the rectum. The compounds have been characterized as 15β-hydroxyprogesterone (1, principal component), 5β-pregnan-15β-ol-3, 20-dione (2), 5β-pregnan-3α, 15β-diol-20-one (3), 5β-pregnan-7β, 15β-diol-3,20-dione (4), 5β-pregnan-3α, 7β, 15β-triol-20-one (5), 5β-pregnan-16α-ol-3,20-dione (6), and 5β-pregnan-3α, 16α-diol-20-one (7), none previously found in insects. Bioassays with jumping spiders showed compounds1 and6 to be feeding deterrents at the 1 μg level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01966178
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of chirality of alcohol or latent alcohol semiochemicals in individual insects (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1659-1667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chiral semiochemicals ; pheromones ; enantiomeric composition ; Ips pini ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Apis mellifera ; Hymenoptera ; apidae ; Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ; Cucujidae ; acetyl lactate diastereoisomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A method is described for determining the enantiomeric composition of chiral alcohols, lactones, and hydroxy acids in quantities ranging from 25 ng to 10 μg. Derivatization of the substance with chirally pure acetyl lactate, followed by splitless capillary gas chromatography, enables enantiomeric determinations to be made within 1–3% of the actual value. This technique was applied in the determination of semiochemical inIps pini (Say),Apis mellifera (L.), andCryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). The results indicate that considerable variability exists within populations of some insects in the composition of their chiral semiochemicals, whereas others produce substances of constant composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012119
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoflavonoid feeding deterrents forCostelytra zealandica Structure — Activity relationships (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1713-1735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Isoflavonoids ; structure-activity relationships ; insect feeding-deterrent activity ; Costelytra zealandica ; Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; stereochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A number of naturally occurring isoflavonoids of differing substitution patterns and oxidation states have been tested for feeding deterrent activity in a bioassay with larvae ofCostelytra zealandica White. The most active deterrents, which reduced feeding significantly at 0.2-1.0 μg/g, are those compounds containing a ring B-fused cycloprenoid moiety. The least active compounds were highly oxidized coumestans and isoflavones. The ring B-fused cyclic isoprenoid moiety and the presence of a 2'-oxy function appear to be structural features important for high activity. It is suggested that the feeding deterrent activity of isoflavonoids relates to their stereochemistry and that the most active compounds have or can adopt a similar nonplanar molecular shape with a similar arrangement of polar and lipophilic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012122
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trap trees for elm bark beetles (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: European elm bark beetle ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; control ; chlorpyrifos ; cacodylic acid ; trapping ; trap tree ; Dutch elm disease ; multilure ; attraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract European elm bark beetles,Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.), were strongly attracted to American elms,Ulmus americana L., baited with theS. multistriatus attractant, multilure, or killed by injection of the arboricide, cacodylic acid; a combination of the two treatments was most attractive. Comparisons of beetle catches on sticky bands affixed to the trees with samples of bark from the same trees showed that the number of beetles landing on cacodylic acid-treated trees was approximately 40 times greater than the number boring into them. Spraying the bark with the insecticide chlorpyrifos had no direct effect on attraction. No live bark beetle brood was found in trees that had been treated with cacodylic acid or chlorpyrifos, but trees that were only baited or left untreated (check) were attacked, killed, and colonized. We suggest that the contribution of the cacodylic acid trap tree technique to Dutch elm disease control will be enhanced by baiting treated trees with multilure and spraying their lower boles with 0.5% chlorpyrifos. This treatment will eliminate diseased and unwanted elms as potential breeding material and kill large numbers of elm bark beetles that might otherwise innoculate healthy elms with the Dutch elm disease fungus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987599
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cucurbitacins (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 311-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: cucurbitacins ; defense compounds ; Diabrotica spp. ; Acalymma vittatum ; insect/plant interaction ; Tenodera aridifolia sinensis ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Orthoptera ; Mantidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Four species of diabroticites with different host specificities are shown for the first time to sequester cucurbitacins. While all beetles fed on an artificial diet (no cucurbitacins) were readily consumed by Chinese praying mantids, a significant proportion of adultDiabrotica balteata (72%),D. undecimpunctata howardi (46%), andD. virgifera virgifera (24%) fed on squash fruit containing cucurbitacins B and D were rejected. Moreover, even when adults did not feed on cucurbitacins, 21–24% ofAcalymma vittatum were rejected by the mantids which is consistent with larval sequestration of cucurbitacins. The mantids failed to learn to avoid any of the beetle species despite adverse effects associated with ingestion, i.e., uncoordination, regurgitation, etc. A cucurbitacin D metabolite accumulated and was sequestered for extended periods of time in the hemolymph of all four species. In addition, female beetles that had ingested cucurbitacins laid eggs containing substantial amounts of cucurbitacins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411417
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defensive secretion production in the tenebrionid beetle,Zophobas atratus (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1083-1092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Chemical defense ; Zophobas atratus ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; defensive secretion ; gland recharge ; defensive quinone ; quinone production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Beetles were milked of their abdominal defensive secretion at three different frequencies over the first 36 days of adult life. Secretion production decreased greatly with age from a maximum of 94 nmol/day at 4–6 days to a basal level of about 25 nmol/day at 30–40 days. Ethyl- and methylquinone comprised the bulk of the secretion and were most strongly affected by age. Benzoquinone was most strongly affected by milking frequency. An average adult produced an estimated 4445 nmol of total secretion in its 5-month life-span but had reservoirs large enough to store 11,000 nmol. Males produced more secretion than females because of their larger size and inherent sexual differences. As they aged, mated females showed a more rapid decrease in production that virgin females. The defensive system appears to be programed to charge glands rapidly with secretion early in adult life and fall of to a low recharge rate little affected by discharge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020677
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects ofSolanum glycoalkaloids on chemosensilla in the Colorado potato beetle (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 73-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Colorado potato beetle ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; feeding deterrents ; Solanaceae ; Solanum alkaloids ; chemo-receptors ; mouthpart sensilla ; tomatine ; solanine ; chaconine ; demissine ; leptine III
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Steroidal glycoalkaloids, found in species of the Solanaceae, elicit bursting activity in galeal and tarsal chemosensilla of adult Colorado potato beetles. The effect has an average latency of 6–12 sec, depending on the sensillum/alkaloid combination. A 20-sec alkaloid treatment is often suffficient to render galeal sensilla unresponsive to gamma-aminobutyric acid, normally an effective stimulant. The alkaloids have similar effects on galeal sensilla of larval Colorado potato beetles and on labellar chemosensilla of the blowfly. It is concluded that these compounds act independently of any specialized chemoreceptor in the Colorado potato beetle, and that association of the Colorado potato beetle with solanaceous plants has not led to evolution of a specific receptor forSolanum glycoalkaloids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987607
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  • 15
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    Synthesis of stereoisomers of 8-methyl-2-decanol and esters attractive to severalDiabrotica sp. (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1371-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Asymmetric synthesis ; stereoisomers ; sex pheromone ; Diabrotica ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; (R)-2-methylbutyric acid ; HPLC ; diastereomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Details of the syntheses of the four stereoisomers of 8-methyl-2-decanol and its propanoate ester are given. The racemic ester, two of its stereoisomers, and one stereoisomer as an acetate are attractive to several species ofDiabrotica. The key steps in the syntheses involve high-performance liquid chromatograpic resolutions of diastereomers to achieve high configurational enrichment of each site and generation of (R)-2-methylbutyric acid by chemical degradation ofd-isoleucine.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012138
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  • 16
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    Defensive secretions of New Zealand tenebrionids V. Presence of methyl ketones inUloma tenebrionoides (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 465-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Benzoquinones ; defensive secretion ; 2-heptadecanone ; hepta-dec-10-en-2-one ; heptadecene ; 2-methoxyphenol ; nonadec-lO-en-2-one ; 2-pentadecanone ; pentadecene ; 2-pentanone ; Uloma tenebrionoides ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The defensive secretion ofUloma tenebrionoides (White, 1846) contains benzoquinone, 2-methylbenzoquinone (toluquinone), and 2-ethylben-zoquinone as in other tenebrionids, together with 2-methoxyphenol, pentadecene, heptadecene, 2-pentanone, 2-pentadecanone, 2-heptadecanone, heptadec-10-en-2-one and (Z)-nonadec-10-en-2-one. The latter four methyl ketones have not previously been identified in tenebrionid beetles, and the unsaturated ketones are novel arthropod chemicals.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989557
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  • 17
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    Use of chemical variation and predation as plant defenses byEncelia farinosa against a specialist herbivore (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1553-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Herbivory ; chemical quantitative variation ; specialist herbivore ; parasitism ; growth reduction ; Encelia farinosa ; Asteraceae ; Trirhabda geminata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Chaetonodexodes vanderwulpi ; Diptera ; Tachinidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the monophagous herbivore,Trirhabda geminata, selectively eat particular plants and plant parts of its natural host,Encelia farinosa. Measurements of leaf damage and larval positions on branches through time support this observation. Time-lapse movie photography revealed that larvae are sufficiently mobile to search most of a plant in a 48-hr period and that aggregations were the result of larval activity and not directly the result of oviposition. Experiments withT. geminata larvae on artificial diets containing a range of natural concentrations of chemical extracts fromE. farinosa leaves showed that the larvae grew significantly slower and had a lower overall survivorship at the high concentration. Combining the results of all choice tests, larvae appeared unable to distinguish between high- and low-concentration agar diets. Considered individually, larval preferences for natural production concentrations changed as the season progressed. Early-season larvae preferred low-concentration leaves, while late-season larvae preferred high-concentrations. Measurements of chemical and nitrogen content of leaves selected by larvae in the field confirmed this pattern. Percent parasitism in field-collected larvae increased with season as the larval population decreased. This combination of slowed growth and increasing parasitism and predation is a putative defense strategy ofEncelia farinosa to prevent adaptation by a specialist herbivore to the total range of compounds elaborated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012201
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  • 18
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    Ammonia utilization by the bruchid beetle,Caryedes brasiliensis [Bruchidae] (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 539-544 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ammonia utilization ; l-canavanine catabolism ; Caryedes brasiliensis ; Coleoptera ; Bruchidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The seed predator,Caryedes brasiliensis [Bruchidae] generates appreciable ammonia in its dietary use and detoxification ofl-canavanine and its catabolic product,l-canaline.l-Canavanine is a toxic allelochemical ofDioclea megacarpa seeds, the food of the developing larvae. Bruchid beetle larvae rely upon glutamic acid dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase to use ammonia for glutamic acid synthesis from 2-oxoglutaric acid and conversion of the former to glutamine. These reactions provide the larvae with a means for metabolically eliminating ammonia. Proline serves as a carbon skeleton source for glutamic acid formation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989564
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  • 19
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    Attractancy toOryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) of volatile materials isolated from vacuum distillate of heat-treated carobs (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 565-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oryzaephilus surinamensis ; saw-toothed grain beetle ; Coleoptera ; Silvanidae ; attractant ; carobs ; Ceratonia siliqua ; volatiles ; vacuum distillation ; hexanoic (caproic) acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Vacuum distillation of heat-treated carobs gave an aqueous, colorless, sweet-smelling distillate which was tested over a wide range of concentrations and found to be highly attractive to adultOryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The materials responsible for the aroma were isolated from the distillate by saturating with sodium chloride and extracting into diethyl ether as separate acidic, neutral, and basic fractions. The extraction efficiency was checked by recombining portions of the three fractions and replacing the diethyl ether with water to give a “reconstituted distillate;” this was almost as attractive as the original distillate. Bioassay of aqueous solutions of the three separate fractions showed that the acidic was attractive, while the neutral and basic had little effect. The five major components of the acidic fraction were found to be acetic, isobutyric,n-butyric, 2-methylbutyric, and hexanoic (caproic) acids. Bioassay of these in aqueous solution, both separately and combined, showed that hexanoic acid was the most attractive and may be responsible for both the longer-lasting attractive effect of the carob distillate and for the effectiveness of carobs themselves used in bait bags to detect stored product insects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988568
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  • 20
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    Electroantennogram responses ofTrirhabda bacharides (weber) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to plant volatiles (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 767-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Host plant ; biological control of weeds ; Trirhabda bacharides ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Compositae ; Baccharis ; green leaf volatiles ; plant odor ; electroantennogram ; olfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennograms (EAGs) were recorded fromTrirhabda bacharides Le Conte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) females to 28 odorants and volatiles emanating from leaves of 26 plant species including three known host plants,Baccharis halimifolia L.,B. neglecta Britt, andB. salicina T. & G. (Compositae: Asterae). Antennal receptors were highly responsive to components of the green leaf volatile complex, especially 6-carbon saturated and monounsaturated alcohols andtrans-2-hexenal. EAGs elicited by heptanal were greater than those elicited by any other saturated aldehyde. Oxygenated monoterpenes were more active than monoterpene hydrocarbons. β-Bisabolol was the most active sesquiterpene. In general, EAGs to volatiles emanating fromBaccharis and other composite species were greater than those elicited by species from other families. Furthermore, when one considers only plants occurring in the environs ofT bacharides hostB. neglecta, EAGs elicited by its host plant were at least two times greater than those elicited by other coinhabiting plants.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988304
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  • 21
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    Pheromone receptor cell specificity in interpopulational hybrids ofIps pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 999-1007 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pine engraver beetle ; Ips pini ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; (+)-ipsdienol ; (−)-ipsdienol ; pheromone receptor ; response specificity ; electrophysiology ; interpopulational hybrid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electrophysiological studies of pheromone receptor cells keyed to ispdienol were performed in laboratory-raised hybrids of the eastern and western populations of the pine engraver,Ips pini. As previously shown in the parental beetles, the receptor cells keyed to ipsdienol could be classified as two distinct types: one keyed to (+)- and one to (−)-ipsdienol. None of the 20 ipsdienol cells recorded from F1 hybrids were of an intermediate type. Recordings of the summated receptor responses (EAGs) showed no significant difference between parental beetles and hybrids. Similar results were obtained in reciprocal crosses, eastern females with western males and the reverse. Thus, there was no indication that sex-linked alleles determined the specificity of the ipsdienol receptor cell. The ratio between (+) and (−) cells was 14∶6 in the hybrids compared to 1∶12 in the western and 9∶12 in the eastern populations.
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  • 22
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    Behavior of the western pine beetle during host colonization (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1249-1261 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pinus ponderosa ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; pheromone ; attractant ; interruptant ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract After living ponderosa pines were baited with either female-infested bolts or synthetic pheromones,Dendroctonus brevicomis were caught on sticky screens throughout trapping periods of 15–46 days; however, large numbers of beetles were trapped during only a small portion (5–10 days) of these trapping periods. The most attractive portions of trees attacked contained 3–6 beetles dm2, in galleries ca. 2 cm long. Catch increased following addition of males to female-infested bolts, supporting the hypothesis that male-produced frontalin is an attractive pheromone of the western pine beetle. Catch at bolts removed from trees under attack was strongly dependent upon levels of boring activity. We found no evidence of interruption of the response to attractants during host colonization.
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  • 23
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    Lasioderma chemistry sex pheromone of cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne F.) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 417-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sex pheromone ; Lasioderma serricorne F. ; cigarette beetle ; Coleoptera ; Anobiidae ; serricornin ; polyketide biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A chemical study of the sex pheromone of the cigarette beetle was carried out. Seven components were isolated from active fractions of column chromatography of the female extract, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence and confirmed by synthesis to be (4S,6S,7S)-4,6-di-methyl-7-hydroxynonan-3-one (serricornin) (I), 2,6-diethyl-3,5-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (anhydroserricornin) (II), 4,6-dimethylnonan-3,7-dione (III), 4,6-dimethylnonan-3,7-diol (IV), 4,6-dimethyl-7-hydroxy-4-nonen-3-one (V), (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydro-3,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl-6-(l-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-4H-pyran-4-one (serricorone) (VI) and (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydro-3,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl-6-(1-methyl-2-hydroxybutyl)-4H-pyran-4-one (serricorole) (VII). These structural features suggested that the occurrence of these components might be related to the polyketide biosynthesis. The behavioral bioassay and BAG experiments revealed the biological role of each component in the copulatory behavior of this insect.
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    Electroantennogram responses of grape borerXylotrechus pyrrhoderus bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to its male sex pheromone components (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 819-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Electroantennogram ; grape borer ; Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus ; Bates ; Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; male sex pheromone ; (2S,3S)-octanediol ; (2S)-hydroxy-3-octanone ; optical isomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennograms were recorded from the grape borerXylotrechus pyrrhoderus in response to serial dilutions of male sex pheromone components, (2S,3S)-octanediol and (2S)-hydroxy-3-octanone, and to 100 μg of their optical isomers and host plant substances. Female antennae always responded more strongly than male antennae. Antennae of both sexes were highly sensitive to (2S)-hydroxy-3-octanone. F/M ratio (female to male EAG value) was greater for male sex pheromone components, especially (2S,3S)-octanediol, and their optical isomers than plant substances. Antennal sensitivity to optical isomers (2R,3R-octanediol and 2S,3R-octanediol) was lower than true pheromone components.
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  • 25
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    Sticky secretion from two pairs of defensive glands of rove beetleDeleaster dichrous (Grav.) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 859-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Staphylinidae ; Deleaster dichrous ; defensive secretion ; gland system ; iridodial adhesive ; isopropyl esters ; sec-butyl esters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetically primitive rove beetleDeleaster dichrous (Grav.) (Oxytelinae) has been shown for the first time to possess two pairs of neighboring abdominal glands which are depleted simultaneously on molestation. The morphology of these glands is described. The defensive constituents of theDeleaster glands were elucidated directly from the mixtures by gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic methods and microchemical reactions. The paired whitish glands secrete iridodial, which polymerizes on exposure to air to form an adhesive that probably deters small predatory arthropods. The red gland system ofD. dichrous contains the toxicp-toluquinone and a variety of isopropyl andsec-butyl esters. Artificial quinoid ester mixtures simulating the secretion ofD. dichrous showed only weak effects on mortality ofLucilia larvae in comparison with more effective secretions of phyiogenetically derived Oxytelinae. The secretion of the primitive genusDeleaster is characterized chemotaxonomically by β, γ-unsaturated C12 acids and esters, which are postulated as precursors for the characteristic defensive compounds of the derived species, thus indicating a clear evolutionary trend at the micromolecular level.
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    Aggregation pheromones of the grain beetle,cryptolestes turcicus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1071-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cryptolestes turcicus ; Coleoptera ; Cucujidae ; aggregation pheromone ; macrolide ; (Z,Z)-5,8-tetradecadien-13-olide ; (Z)-5-tetradecen-13-olide ; enantiomeric synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two biologically active macrolides were isolated from Porapak Q-captured beetle and frass volatiles ofCryptolestes turcicus (Grouvelle) and identified spectroscopically as (Z,Z)-5,8-tetradecadien-13-olide (I) and (Z)-5-tetradecen-13-olide (II). Natural I was active alone and was synergized by inactive II. The pheromones were male-produced but attractive to both sexes. Pheromone production increased dramatically when insects were aerated on a food source. Pure (R)- and (S)-I were inactive, but mixtures of (R)- and (S)-I were active, the first reported instance of enantiomeric synergism in the Cucujidae.
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  • 27
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    Multiple acceptors for pheromonal enantiomers on single olfactory cells in the Douglas-fir beetle,Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1359-1370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Olfaction ; receptor cell ; chirality ; perception ; neurobiology ; pheromone ; enantiomer ; bark beetle ; electrophysiology ; Douglas-fir beetle ; Dendroctonus pseudotsugae ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; (+)-frontalin ; (−)-frontalin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Olfactory perception of pheromonal enantiomers by male and female Douglas-fir beetles,Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was investigated by electrophysiological techniques and behavioral bioassays. Electroantennograms (EAGs) and single-cell responses indicated both sexes to be more responsive to racemic frontalin and the (−)-enantiomer at lower dosages. At higher dosages, little difference was noted in responses to either enantiomer. However, response to the racemic mixture at higher dosages was slightly greater than responses to either enantiomer alone. In laboratory behavioral bioassays, responses to low concentrations of (−)-frontalin and the racemic mixture exceeded response to the (+)-enantiomer alone. At a higher concentration, responses to the racemic mixture or either enantiomer alone did not differ. The results indicate that separate enantiomer-specific acceptors may exist on the same pheromone receptor cell.
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  • 28
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    Olfactory behavior of red flour beetleTribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) towards natural fatty acid esters (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 495-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tribolium castaneum ; Coleoptera ; Tenebrionidae ; red flour beetle ; olfactory behavior ; ethyl 9,12-octadecadienoate ; methyl octadecanoate ; methyl tetradecanoate ; methyl pentadecanoate ; ethyl tetradecanoate ; ethyl pentadecanoate ; ethyl octadecanoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The olfactory responses of red flour beetles,Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), to methyl and ethyl ester of C14–C18 fatty acid prepared from tallow were studied. Methyl octadecanoate and ethyl octadecanoate discouraged aggregation of beetle adults. Ethyl 9.12-octadecadienoate acted as a repellent. Methyl pentadecanoate and ethyl tetradecanoate induced copulation at the level of 5 × 102 and 2 × 103 μg, respectively. The maximum response was observed at the level of 5 × 102 μg of the same compounds, and these compounds appear to stimulate males only.
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    Identification of feeding stimulants for boll weevils from cotton buds and anthers (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1229-1238 
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    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Boll weevil ; Anthonomus grandis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; feeding stimulants ; cotton buds ; anthers ; phytol ; geranylgeraniol esters ; phytol oleate ; phytol dodecanoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Column chromatography of the pentane extract of freeze-dried cotton buds or anthers yielded a wax-sterol ester fraction that exhibited potent feeding stimulant activity for the cotton boll weevil. The waxes of the wax-sterol ester mixture were responsible for the feeding activity. Saponification of the wax-sterol ester fraction yielded about 15% alcohols and 85% sterols. A C18∶1 alcohol, dihydrophytol, phytol, and geranylgeraniol constituted 15, 36, 26, and 23%, respectively, of the total alcohols, implicating certain of their long-chain esters as feeding stimulants. Several esters of dihydrophytol, phytol, and geranylgeraniol were identified among the waxes by GC-MS. Certain phytol, geranylgeraniol, and oleyl alcohol esters containing C12 to C26 acid moieties were synthesized and were found to induce high feeding stimulant activity in the cotton boll weevil.
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    (R *,S *)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone male-produced aggregation pheromone ofSitophilus oryzae (L.) andS. zeamais motsch (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1263-1274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromone ; attractant ; (R * S *)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone ; (R * R *)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone ; sitophilure ; Sitophilus oryzae ; S. zeamais ; S. granarius ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A male-produced aggregation pheromone, common to the rice weevil,Sitophilus oryzae, and the maize weevil,S. zeamais, was isolated and identified from hexane extracts of highly absorbent paper disks exposed individually to young virgin male weevils. A combination of preparative column and gas-liquid chromatography of disk extracts yielded purified natural pheromone. When analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the structure of the natural pheromone, “sitophilure,” proved to be (R *,S *)-5-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-heptanone, of unknown enantiomeric composition. Synthetic racemic pheromone was highly attractive to males and females of both rice and maize weevils. In addition, both sexes of the granary weevil,S. granarius (L.) were attracted to the racemic preparation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01024114
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    Disposition and fate of cucurbitacin B in five species of diabroticites (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 1307-1321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cucurbitacins ; Diabrotica spp. ; Acalymma vittatum ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; kairomone metabolism ; detoxification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Five species of diabroticites with different host-plant preferences produced an essentially identical array of metabolites when fed radiolabeled cucurbitacin B synthesized in vivo and purified fromCucurbita maxima Duchesne seedlings. All species excreted the bulk of the cucurbitacin (67,17-94.59% total dpm), permanently sequestered a small proportion of a cucurbitacin conjugate in the hemolymph (0.98–2.76%), and apportioned the remainder between the gut, the body, and the eggs (when present). Markedly different ratios between the excretory metabolites (i.e., polar vs. unmetabolized cuc) suggest thatDibrotica virgifera virgifera, a grass specialist, andAcalymma vittatum, a cucurbit specialist, have lower rates of metabolic alteration than the polyphagousD. undecimpunctata howardi, D. balteata, andD. cristata, which is associated with relict prairies. Mean life-spans ofD. balteata and D. v. virgifera and maleA. vittatum decreased significantly with continuous feeding onCucurbita fruit containing cucurbitacins (vs. fruit devoid of cucs). The longevity of femaleA. vittatum, however, was unaffected by the presence of cucurbitacins.
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