ALBERT

Keywords: Humans ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutritional Requirements ; *Societies, Scientific ; United States

Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Universities/economics

Keywords: *Drug Industry ; Italy ; *Neurobiology ; Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *Universities

Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; *Legislation, Medical ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency ; Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology/mortality/prevention & ; control/transmission ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Blood Donors ; California ; Child ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Hemophilia A/complications ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; New York City ; Pregnancy ; Retroviridae Infections/epidemiology ; Risk ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/complications ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications ; United States

Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphoric Acids/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; *Thionucleotides/metabolism

Keywords: *Commitment of Mentally Ill ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*therapy ; *Mentally Ill Persons ; United States

Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic/economics ; United States

Keywords: Body Temperature ; Cervix Mucus ; Disclosure ; *Family Planning Services ; Federal Government ; Female ; Government Agencies ; Humans ; Internationality ; Male ; Natural Family Planning Methods ; Ovulation ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; pressure, has decided to permit grants to natural family planning groups that do ; not adhere to long-standing AID policy that clients be provided with information ; on all methods of contraception. This step is at odds with domestic and United ; Nations policy, and it violates the medical ethic that a patient should be ; informed of all medically approved options. A brief review of the current state ; of U.S. family planning policy and the controversy surrounding it concludes with ; Holden's observation that the issue is likely to be further politicized.

Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *Federal Government ; Genetic Engineering/*standards ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; regulate developments in genetic engineering, have influenced the field through ; the review activities of their Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC). Recent ; challenges to RAC's prestige and authority have emerged from within the ; Department of Health and Human Services. A proposed Biotechnology Science Board, ; under the Assistant Secretary for Health, would exercise broad authority over ; biotechnology research, including clinical trials of human gene therapy. Food and ; Drug Administration officials have also expressed a strong interest in reviewing ; these research protocols, which NIH considered within its purview. As a result of ; this political maneuvering, publication of NIH's revised gene therapy guidelines ; has been delayed, and RAC may find itself functioning solely as an in-house ; advisory body to NIH.

Keywords: *National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)/organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; *United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services ; Administration/organization & administration

Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States

Keywords: *Legislation as Topic ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research ; Research Support as Topic ; *Technology ; United States

Keywords: Adenosine Deaminase/deficiency ; Advisory Committees ; Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Dogs ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Federal Government ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Mice ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC), has revised its draft guidelines, ; published in the 22 January 1985 Federal Register, for researchers submitting ; protocols for human gene therapy experiments. The major revisions in the "Points ; to Consider" are the elimination of a required response in the protocol to ; complex social and ethical questions and a greater flexibility in requirements ; for animal testing prior to human experimentation. Other modifications include ; provisions for public review of protocols, a requirement of patient agreement to ; long term follow-up and autopsy, and the limiting of review to only somatic cell ; therapy for the present. The stages of protocol review will involve local ethics ; and biosafety committees, then the Working Group, the full RAC, and finally the ; director of NIH.

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*epidemiology/transmission ; Forecasting ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; United States

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/microbiology/*therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis/*microbiology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Antigens, Viral/analysis/immunology ; Cell Line ; Cross Reactions ; Culture Techniques/methods ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases/microbiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Patents as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis ; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Terminology as Topic ; United States ; Viral Core Proteins/immunology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology

Keywords: Humans ; National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutritional Requirements ; United States

Keywords: Animal Care Committees ; *Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Dogs ; Federal Government ; *Government Agencies ; *Government Regulation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Primates ; Research ; United States

Keywords: Animals ; *Antineoplastic Agents ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Doxorubicin/adverse effects/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart/drug effects ; Humans ; Isoenzymes ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis ; Mice ; Myocardium/enzymology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Pregnancy

Keywords: *Biological Warfare ; Containment of Biohazards ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Ecology ; Federal Government ; Government ; Government Regulation ; Hazardous Substances ; Jurisprudence ; *Public Policy ; Social Control, Formal ; United States

Keywords: Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects ; Coronary Disease/*etiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: *Drug Industry ; *Legislation, Drug ; United States

Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Cell Line ; *Human Body ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Male ; Patents as Topic ; *Patient Rights ; *Tissue and Organ Procurement ; United States

Keywords: Food Coloring Agents/*standards ; Humans ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Keywords: Biomedical Research ; Containment of Biohazards ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Ecology ; Europe ; Federal Government ; Government ; *Government Regulation ; Hazardous Substances ; *Industry ; *International Cooperation ; *Internationality ; Japan ; *Public Policy ; Research ; *Social Control, Formal ; United States ; and Development (OECD)--which includes the United States, most of its European ; allies, and Japan--have been discussing how to set up international guidelines to ; regulate the emerging biotechnology industry. A May 1985 first draft of the ; guidelines spawned many objections, and now a revised draft, called "Safety and ; Regulations in Biotechnology," has encountered mixed responses from U.S. federal ; agencies. The Environmental Protection Agency generally supports the document, ; but the State Department, Food and Drug Administration, and Department of ; Agriculture have significant objections to its tone and substance, particularly ; in regard to the specificity of safety controls over the commercial development ; of recombinant DNA organisms used in large-scale production and for agricultural ; purposes.

Keywords: Advisory Committees ; DNA, Recombinant/*therapeutic use ; Federal Government ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; United States

Keywords: *Diazepam ; Humans ; Therapeutic Equivalency ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Keywords: Diazepam/*supply & distribution ; *Drug Industry ; Therapeutic Equivalency ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Federal Government ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Government Regulation ; Jurisprudence ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; the District of Columbia ruled that experiments involving the release of ; genetically altered organisms into the environment can proceed, provided that ; their potential ecological effects have been properly evaluated. The ruling has ; been hailed as a victory by both the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and ; Jeremy Rifkin. Rifkin brought suit against NIH in 1983, charging that the agency ; had failed to evaluate adequately the environmental impact of some deliberate ; release experiments. Sun discusses the implications of the judge's ruling. She ; also describes a move by private companies to submit their recombinant DNA ; experiment proposals to the Environmental Protection Agency rather than to NIH, ; which has regulatory authority only over academic researchers.

Keywords: Child ; *Compensation and Redress ; Federal Government ; Humans ; *Legislation, Medical ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; *Vaccines/adverse effects ; children who are injured by vaccines administered as part of the public health ; campaign against childhood diseases. Blaming increased liability costs, several ; drug companies have stopped production of essential vaccines, raising fears of ; shortages. Proposals that the federal government sponsor a compensation system ; have met with approval from parents of injured children, medical associations, ; and drug companies, although these groups disagree over whether victims should ; retain the right to sue the vaccine manufacturers as an alternative to receiving ; federal compensation. Legislation has been introduced in both houses of Congress ; to establish a compensation program, but Administration opposition is expected to ; the potential expense and the broad range of coverage.

Keywords: *Ethylene Oxide/adverse effects ; Humans ; Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Time Factors ; United States ; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Keywords: History, 20th Century ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration/*organization & administration

Keywords: Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) ; *Organizations ; Physicians ; United States

Keywords: Legislation, Medical ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/organization & administration ; United States

Keywords: Budgets/legislation & jurisprudence ; Legislation, Medical ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: Animals ; Aspergillus/*metabolism ; Benzodiazepinones/*isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cholecystokinin/*antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology/physiology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gallbladder/drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/drug effects ; Pancreas/drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects ; Receptors, Cholecystokinin

Keywords: *Drug Industry/economics ; Economic Competition ; Japan ; Technology, Pharmaceutical/economics/methods/*trends ; United States

Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics/organization & administration ; United States

Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; Animal Husbandry/methods ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Craniocerebral Trauma ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Papio ; Pennsylvania ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States

Keywords: National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States

Keywords: Humans ; *Mental Disorders ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; *Substance-Related Disorders ; United States

Keywords: Humans ; Public Health ; United States ; Violence/*physiopathology

Keywords: Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Institute of Medicine (U.S.) ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; *Nuclear Warfare ; Public Policy ; *Social Change ; United States

Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Capsid/physiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; HeLa Cells/microbiology ; Mutation ; Poliovirus/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Protein Conformation ; Virus Replication ; X-Ray Diffraction

Keywords: *Information Systems ; *Models, Biological ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: Animal Care Committees ; *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Testing Alternatives ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Behavioral Research ; Biomedical Research ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; *Research ; United States ; United States Public Health Service

Keywords: Health Promotion/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Medicare/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States

Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: Academies and Institutes ; Government ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review ; Politics ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; Universities

Keywords: Animals ; *Antimalarials ; *Artemisinins ; Brain Diseases/therapy ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Malaria/*drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Plants, Medicinal/analysis ; Plasmodium berghei ; Plasmodium falciparum ; *Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification/metabolism/therapeutic use/toxicity

Keywords: Aspirin/*adverse effects ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Federal Government ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Research ; Reye Syndrome/*chemically induced ; *Technology, Pharmaceutical ; United States

Keywords: Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology/therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects ; Tamoxifen/therapeutic use ; United States

Keywords: Heart Transplantation ; *Heart, Artificial ; Humans ; Patient Selection ; Resource Allocation ; *Risk Assessment ; United States

Keywords: Humans ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/mortality/*prevention & control ; Research ; Statistics as Topic ; Time Factors ; United States

Keywords: Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; *Meat ; Swine ; Trichinella ; Trichinellosis/*prevention & control ; United States

Keywords: Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Coronary Disease/etiology/*prevention & control ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: Health ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States

Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States

Keywords: Child ; *Compensation and Redress ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Legislation, Medical ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; *Vaccines/adverse effects

Keywords: Humans ; Japan ; *Military Personnel ; *Nuclear Warfare ; Radiation Injuries/*etiology ; United States

Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Carbon ; Carbon Isotopes ; Cerebellum/cytology/*metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; Europe/ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurons/*metabolism ; United States

Keywords: Alkylation ; Animals ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; *Chemistry, Organic ; Enzymes ; Humans ; Insects ; Mammals ; Organic Chemistry Phenomena ; Research ; Stereoisomerism

Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States

Keywords: Curriculum ; *Education, Medical ; Physician-Patient Relations ; United States

Keywords: Animals ; Bibliography as Topic ; Botany/history ; Chemistry ; History, 16th Century ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mexico ; Mice ; Molecular Conformation ; Mutagenicity Tests ; *Plants/analysis ; *Sesquiterpenes/chemical synthesis/isolation & purification/toxicity ; *Sweetening Agents/chemical synthesis/history/isolation & purification/toxicity

Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Organic/*methods ; *Computers ; Forecasting ; Software

Keywords: *Advisory Committees ; *Bioethical Issues ; *Bioethics ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; *Public Policy ; United States

Keywords: *Behavior ; Humans ; *Mental Disorders ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.)/*organization & administration ; *Research Support as Topic ; United States ; United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services ; Administration/*organization & administration

Keywords: *Abortion, Legal ; Female ; Humans ; International Agencies ; Pregnancy ; United States

Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Humans ; United States ; United States Public Health Service

Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Energy Metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lypressin/*metabolism ; Phenylalanine/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; Protein Conformation

Keywords: Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects ; Coronary Disease/*etiology/prevention & control ; Diet ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/microbiology ; *Deltaretrovirus/genetics/isolation & purification ; France ; Humans ; United States

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency ; Syndrome/complications/*epidemiology/microbiology/physiopathology ; Carrier State ; Deltaretrovirus/growth & development ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases/epidemiology ; United States

Keywords: *DNA, Recombinant ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; Jurisprudence ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States

Keywords: *Clinical Trials as Topic ; Cornea/surgery ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Myopia/*surgery ; Ophthalmology ; United States ; two private ophthalmologists and seven prospective patients charges a group of ; academic physicians with attempting to monopolize radial keratotomy, a surgical ; procedure for correcting myopia, by labeling it experimental and urging restraint ; in its use. The parties have agreed to a settlement involving a payment of ; $250,000 by the defendants and a statement that the procedure is effective in ; qualified patients and should no longer be considered experimental. A second ; suit, brought by nine physicians in federal court in Chicago in June 1984, ; accuses the American Academy of Ophthamology of attempting to control the ; procedure. The broader issue at stake is how new surgical prdocedures should be ; evaluated before they are brought into widespread use. In the case of radial ; kerototomy, a large-scale clinical trial funded by the National Eye Institute is ; proceeding as planned despite the legal controversy.

Keywords: Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-2/immunology/*therapeutic use ; Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Neoplasms/*therapy ; United States

Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States

Keywords: Acetates/*metabolism ; Acetobacter/metabolism ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Clostridium/metabolism ; Eubacterium/metabolism ; Euryarchaeota/*metabolism ; Formates/metabolism ; Methane/metabolism ; Methanol/metabolism

Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Animal Experimentation ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; DNA, Recombinant ; *Ethical Review ; Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/*therapy ; *Genetic Engineering ; *Government Regulation ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome/therapy ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Risk Assessment ; United States ; which the technology of gene therapy and its potential application in humans have ; been subjected. She summarizes the federal government's interest in this area, ; ranging from the Office of Technology Assessment's report, Human Gene Therapy, to ; the creation of the Working Group on Human Gene Therapy. The latter, a ; subcommittee of the National Institutes of Health's Recombinant DNA Advisory ; Committee, released a list of "points to consider" by researchers planning to ; design and submit protocols to NIH for gene therapy research in humans. Culliton ; notes that some of the questions that the working group asks potential ; researchers "go beyond the usual" to address controversial areas of gene therapy ; such as primate studies, public health considerations, public relations, patents, ; and eugenics.

Keywords: *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/economics ; United States

Keywords: Animals ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Coenzymes/analysis/*isolation & purification/metabolism ; Crithidia/*enzymology ; Glutathione/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Glutathione Reductase/*metabolism ; Leishmania/*enzymology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Spermidine/*analogs & derivatives/analysis/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Terminology as Topic ; Trypanosoma/*enzymology ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/enzymology ; Trypanosoma cruzi/enzymology

Keywords: Carbon/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cobalt/metabolism ; Cobamides/*metabolism ; Energy Metabolism ; Free Radicals ; Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase/metabolism ; Physicochemical Phenomena

Keywords: Financing, Government/*legislation & jurisprudence ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Peer Review ; United States

Keywords: Advisory Committees ; Anesthetics/adverse effects ; Depression/*therapy ; *Electroconvulsive Therapy/adverse effects ; Federal Government ; Humans ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Mentally Ill Persons ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Risk ; *Risk Assessment ; Time Factors ; United States ; disfavor has led to calls for more research on all aspects of this controversial ; treatment. A recent consensus conference sponsored by the National Institutes of ; Health produced cautious approval of ECT to treat severe depression. After ; reviewing existing research data and listening to testimony on ECT's effects, ; especially effects on memory, the panel recommended that immediate research be ; done on methods and effects of ECT, that ECT training be included in medical and ; psychiatric education, and that more attention be paid to review and regulatory ; mechanisms. Holden speculates that the persistent and fierce opposition to ECT ; reflects the schism within psychiatry between biological and psychodynamic ; treatment approaches, as well as the impact of public information gained largely ; from overly harrowing portrayals of ECT.

Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Humans ; Legislation, Medical ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Research Support as Topic ; United States

Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/microbiology ; Deltaretrovirus/isolation & purification ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; France ; Humans ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; United States

Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arachnida/genetics ; *Arthropods/genetics ; Binding Sites ; Biological Evolution ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Copper ; Crustacea/genetics ; *Hemocyanin/genetics ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Conformation ; Species Specificity

Keywords: *National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)/organization & administration ; *Organizations/organization & administration ; United States

Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Arvicolinae ; Base Sequence ; Bunyaviridae/genetics ; Hantavirus/genetics/*immunology ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/genetics/immunology/*microbiology ; Humans ; Korea ; Mice ; Muridae ; Neutralization Tests ; RNA Viruses/*immunology ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; United States

Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis ; Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cockroaches ; Female ; Furans/chemical synthesis ; Lactones/chemical synthesis ; Male ; Mycotoxins/chemical synthesis ; *Photochemistry ; Pyrones/chemical synthesis ; Sex Attractants/chemical synthesis/isolation & purification ; Stereoisomerism

Keywords: Animals ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Chromatography, Gas ; *Computers ; Female ; Male ; *Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Saguinus/physiology ; Scent Glands/physiology ; Sex Attractants/*physiology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Keywords: *Biomedical Research ; *Crime ; Federal Government ; *Fraud ; Government Regulation ; Publishing ; *Research ; United States ; meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). ; Participants identified competitive pressures in universities for promotion and ; financial rewards in the form of research grants as encouraging fraudulent ; practices. An excessive emphasis in some laboratories on publication was also ; held responsible for fraud or other misconduct that increases a scientist's list ; of citations. Among the suggestions put forward for solving the problem were more ; careful screening of applicants for research positions, stricter laboratory ; supervision, longer-term federal grants, and limitations on the number of his or ; her papers that a researcher is allowed to cite in grant applications.

Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Biochemistry