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  • Articles  (8)
  • Acetylene reduction  (8)
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1984  (8)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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Keywords
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Years
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1925-1929
Year
Topic
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) associated with leaves of different cultivars of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Beijerinckia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Paddy ; Phyllosphere ; Silicification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An investigation was conducted to study the levels of nitrogen fixation on the leaf or sheath surfaces of four cultivars of paddy plants by using acetylene reduction technique. Varying levels of positive nitrogenase activity were observed on all the leaf surfaces. Sheath of IET 1991 cultivar showed a higher rate of fixation than the leaf surface. All the nitrogen-fixing organisms on the leaf or sheath surfaces belonged to the genus Beijerinckia. There was no correlation between the bacterial density and the level of fixation. Scanning electron microscopic data revealed that the upper surface of IET 1991 leaf was highly silicified and the microflora was either scanty or nil while the lower surface appeared quite different and harboured more micro-organisms. Similarly, the inner surface of sheath was devoid of silicification and showed the presence of micro-organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182928
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of lime additions to acid strip-mine spoil on survival, growth and nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) of several woody legume and actinomycete-nodulated species (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 353-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Actinomycete-nodulated ; Legume ; Lime ; Mine spoil ; Nitrogen fixation ; Reclamation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An acid mine spoil in Southern Indiana was amended with lime (CaCO3) (0.0, 12.5, 25 and 39t/ha) and planted withElaegnus umbellata Thunb.,Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.,Robinia pseudoacacia L.,Robinia fertilis Ashe, ‘Arnot’,Myrica pensylvania Lois,Caragana arborescens L. andShepherdia argentea Nutt. Survival and soil data were collected periodically and plants were harvested 15 months after planting. Nodule and top dry weights were determined and acetylene reduction assays performed on the nodules. Addition of lime caused significant increases in pH, and 39 t/ha of lime were required to maintain a pH above 5.5. Survival of plant material was greatest at the highest lime addition, although response of individual species varied.Elaeagnus umbellata, R. pseudoacacia, R. fertilis ‘Arnot’, andA. glutinosa appeared more tolerant of the harsh conditions. OnlyC. arborescens showed a linear increase in top dry weight due to lime addition.Alnus glutinosa andS. argentea achieved statistically the same growth regardless of pH, andR. fertilis ‘Arnot’ andE. umbellata did not increase in top dry weight above an addition of 25 t/ha.Robinia pseudoacacia achieved maximum top dry weight at 25 t/ha, whereasM. pensylvanica growth declined with increasing pH. Nodule dry weights increased with increasing pH; however,S. argentea showed greater nodule dry weights at lower lime levels. Acetylene reduction rates increased with lime addition.Elaegnus umbellata did not respond above 25 t/ha lime, whereasA. glutinosa did not show an increase until this point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184328
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nouvelle méthode pour mesurerin situ l'activité nitrogénase par réduction de l'acétylène (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Field method ; Medicago sativa L. ; Mucilaginous substances ; Nitrogen fixation ; Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A non-destructive method using a special device for measuringin situ acetylene reducting activity by nitrogen fixing plants is described. Plant roots are isolated from external atmosphere with a mucilaginous material laid on the soil around the plants. Acetylene or ethylene is directly injected into or taken from the soil around the nodules. Using this device the values of acetylene reducing activity ofTrigonella foenum graecum L. andMedicago sativa L. are much higher than those obtained with the same plants placed under polyethylene bags. This method is not expensive and allows the detection of low enzyme activities. It doesn't perturb plant physiology and can be used for young plants as well as for plants with ramified stems at their base.
    Notes: Résumé Les auteurs décrivent un dispositif qui permet de mesurer l'activité nitrogénasein situ par réduction de l'acétylène chez les plantes fixatrices d'azote, sans perturber leur physiologie et sans les détruire. Le système racinaire est isolé de l'atmosphère extérieure par une substance mucilagineuse déposée sur le sol autour des plantes testées. Les gaz acétylène ou éthylène sont injectés ou prélevés directement dans le sol au niveau des nodosités. Avec ce nouveau dispositif les valeurs de l'activité réductrice d'acétylène obtenues surTrigonella foenum-graecum L. etMedicago sativa L. cultivés en plein champ, sont très supérieures à celles mesurées sur ces mêmes végétaux enfermés dans une enceinte en polyéthylène. Cette méthode peu onéreuse, permet de détecter des activités réductrices faibles; elle est utilisable sur des jeunes plantes et également sur des individus ramifiés à la base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182817
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison between the acetylene reduction method, the isotope dilution method and the total nitrogen difference method for measuring nitrogen fixation in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Lucerne ; 15N Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium meliloti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In view of the increasing need for the exact estimation of the input of nitrogen in agroecosystems, an application of the acetylene-reduction technique was developed. The technique, consisting of a plastic bag incubation system, using propane as an internal standard of the apparent volume, made it possible to carry out repeated incubations on the same plant system. The evaluated technique included studies of the diffusion of ethylene and propane in a soil column, as well as studies of the optimal substrate concentration and grade of purity of the substrate. In addition, the conversion factor between amounts of reduced acetylene as compared wtih reduced dinitrogen was determined by15N2 incubations to be 4.41. The developedin situ acetylene-reduction technique was compared with an isotope dilution method and a total nitrogen difference method. By comparing the derived total nitrogen fixation values from each with the value derived from the acetylene-reduction method; it was shown that the values differed significantly. The acetylene-reduction method gave the highest nitrogen fixation values, the isotope dilution the lowest values and the total nitrogen difference method was intermediate. No statistical significant difference existed between the two different reference crops used in the isotope dilution method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197149
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of soil nitrate on the growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Cicer arietinum ; Chickpea ; N fixation ; Nodulation ; Root growth ; Shoot growth ; Soil nitrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A controlled environment experiment was used to examine the growth and nodulation response of chickpea to a range of soil nitrate (NO 3 − ) levels (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 mM). Dry matter production, nodule mass and number, dinitrogen (N2) fixation via the acetylene (C2H2) reduction method, total nitrogen content and NO 3 − concentration were measured at 56 and 90 days from inoculated and uninoculated plants. It was found that chickpeas were less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of NO 3 − than soybeans. High NO 3 − appeared to inhibit the production of nodules early in growth, however, by the second harvest nodulation was stimulated by high NO 3 − levels. Increasing NO 3 − levels gave positive responses in tops and roots dry weight production but, proportionally, these effects were greatest with uninoculated plants. 3 and 6 mM NO 3 − gave similar root and tops dry weight in inoculated plants after 90 days. Nodule dry weight production per pot was maximised at 3.0 mM NO 3 − at both plant harvests. Whilst NO 3 − at 6 mM still gave a strong stimulation of acetylene reduction compared to 0 and 0.75 mM NO 3 − , there appeared to be a trend suggesting an inhibitory effect of 6 mM NO 3 − on C2H2 reduction compared to 1.5 and 3.0 mM NO 3 − .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220247
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of plant genotype and nitrogen fertilizer on symbiotic nitrogen fixation by soybean cultivars (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Glycine max L. Merr. ; N-difference method ; N2 fixation ; 15N methodology ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Isotopic as well as non-isotopic methods were used to assess symbiotic nitrogen fixation within eight soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars grown at 20 and 100 kg N/ha levels of nitrogen fertilizer under field conditions. The15N methodology revealed large differences between soybean cultivars in their abilities to support nitrogen fixation. In almost all cases, the application of 100 kg N/ha resulted in lower N2 fixed in soybean than at 20 kg N/ha in the first year of the study. However, N2 fixed in one cultivar, Dunadja, was not significantly affected by the higher rate of N fertilizer application. These results were confirmed by measurements of acetylene reduction activity, nodule dry weight and N2 fixed as measured by the difference method. Further proof of differences in N2 fixed within soybean cultivars and the ability of Dunadja to fix similar amounts of N2 at 20 and 100 kg N/ha was obtained during a second year experiment. Dunadja yield was affected by N fertilizer and produced larger yield at 100 kg N/ha than at 20 kg N/ha. This type of cultivar could be particularly useful in situations where soil N levels are high or where there is need to apply high amounts of N fertilizer. The present study reveals the great variability between legume germplasms in the ability to fix N2 at different inorganic N levels, and also the potential that exists in breeding for nitrogen fixation associative traits. The15N methodology offers a unique tool to evaluate germplasms directly in the field for their N2 fixation abilities at different N fertilizer levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184277
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of shading on associative N2 fixation (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum brasilense ; Inoculation ; Pennisetum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of reduced solar radiation on associative N2-fixation and plant parameters was studied in three field experiments (1978–80). ‘Gahi-3’ pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Monch.) field plots were shaded with saran shade cloth that reduced solar radiation by 50% and 75%. Acetylene reduction activity (ARA) was reduced by shading in one of the three experiments. The two non-responding experiments were conducted on a wall-drained, low-activity site (ARA means ranging 17–68 n moles ethylene core−1 h−1), the responding experiment was conducted on a poorly drained, high-ARA site. Shading affected the plants drastically, reducing fresh weight and dry matter yields up to 46% (50% shade) and 57% (75% shade). Shading also reduced dry matter percentage from 19.6 (no shade) to 15.3 (75% shade) and increased nitrogen content from 0.6% (no shade) to 1.53% (75% shading). However, shading did not affect protein yield. Inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense had no measurable effect on yield or acetylene reduction in the first two experiments. In the third experiment, shading reduced mean ARA of inoculated plots over 100% but had no significant effect on control plots. Inoculation significantly increased ARA in the nonshaded plots but not in shaded plots. Acetylene reduction activity was high, with means ranging between 208 and 465 n moles ethylene evolved core−1 h−1. Soil moisture and millet growth stage also affected acetylene reduction activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232938
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multiple-trait breeding program for improving the symbiosis for N2 fixation betweenMedicago sativa L. andRhizobium meliloti (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 303-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Disease resistance ; Host-Rhizobium strain interaction ; Nitrate reductase ; Nodule enzymes ; Nodule mass ; 15N evaluation ; Plant vigor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The goal of breeding alfalfa for increased N2 fixation potential is addressed. A chronological progression of breeding, physiological, microbiological, and plant pathological research is described. Studies describing the interrelationships among plant morphological, plant physiological, andRhizobium effectiveness traits are summarized. It was concluded that N2 fixation in alfalfa is affected by coordinated responses among many physiological and biochemical traits. The simultaneous improvement of many factors in the symbiosis requires a comprehensive multiple-step breeding program. The current program includes selection in the glasshouse for seedling vigor,Rhizobium preference, shoot growth, nodule mass, root growth, nitrogenase (as measured by acetylene reduction), and nodule enzyme activity. The inclusion of additional selection traits is anticipated. Field evaluations of N2 fixation potential of alfalfa populations are made with15N isotope dilution techniques. Plant germplasm sources used in the breeding program include several heterogeneous populations which have good combining ability and pest resistance when they are intercrossed. Significant progress has been made in achieving the goal of breeding alfalfa for improved N2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184269
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