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  • Coleoptera
  • Springer  (24)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 1980-1984  (24)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1984  (24)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (24)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Cambridge University Press
Years
  • 1980-1984  (24)
  • 1935-1939
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pitfall-trap catches of the carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius, in relation to gut contents and prey densities, in insecticide treated and untreated spring barley (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pterostichus melanarius ; Coleoptera ; Carabidae ; pitfall traps ; insecticides ; prey ; hunger ; activity ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; Fenitrothion ; Sumicidin (Fenvalerate) ; spring barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au cours d'essais à grande échelle, effectués en 1981 et 1982, sur orge de printemps, pour évaleur l'effet des insecticides Fenitrothion et Sumicidine (fenvalerate) sur les arthropodes utiles, un accroissement significatif des captures, dans des trappes pièges de Barber, de Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) a été observé plusierus semaines après le traitement dans les lots traités par rapport aux lots témoins. Significativement plus de femelles de P. melanarius ont été capturées dans les parcelles traitées pendant cette période d'accroissement après traitement. Une diminution correspondante dans les populations de proies a été observée à la suite des traitements. Chaque femelle de P. melanarius des parcelles traitées avait une fraction significativement moins importance de son intestin remplie d'aliments solides (arthropodes) que celles des parcelles non traitées. Des auteurs précédents avaient observé des taux de capture plus rapides dans les trappes et ne plus grande mobilité des carabes affamés. La réduction des populations proies par l'application d'insecticides affamerait les carabes dont l'activité serait par suite plus élevée. Comme le taux de captures dans les trappes est dû à la fois à la taille de la population et à son activité, on en déduit que la capture par trappes seule ne peut donner une image exacte de l'effet des insecticides sur les populations de carabes dans les champs.
    Notes: Abstract During large-scale field experiments in 1981 and 1982, designed to assess the effects of the insecticides Fenitrothion and Sumicidin (Fenvalerate) on beneficial arthropods in spring barley, significant increases in pitfall-trap catches of Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) were observed in treated plots compared to untreated controls, several weeks after treatment. Significantly more female P. melanarius were caught in treated plots during these post-treatment increases. Corresponding decreases were observed in prey populations following treatments. Individual female P. melanarius from treated plots had significantly fewer of their gut areas full of solid (arthropod) food when compared to those from untreated control plots. Earlier workers observed both faster recapture rates in pitfalls and higher mobility in hungry carabid beetles. The following hypothesis is suggested: reducing prey populations by the application of insecticides results in hungrier carabid beetles with consequently higher activity. Since pitfall-trap catch is determined not only by population size but also activity, it is argued that pitfall-trap catches alone cannot give a true measure of the effects of insecticides on carabid populations in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345200
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of proteinases and carbohydrases in the midgut of larvae of the sweetpotato weevilCylas formicarius elegantulus and response of proteinases to inhibitors from sweet potato (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; sweetpotato weevil ; sweet potato ; digestion ; enzyme distribution ; trypsin-inhibitors ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'activité endoprotéinase était limitée au liquide de la lumière des régions ventriculaires antérieure et postérieure de l'intestin moyen des larves deCylas formicarius elegantulus Summers. Les aminopeptidases ont été trouvées dans le liquide de la lumière (18%), mais étaient principalement associées avec les fractions insolubles des cellules du ventricule postérieur (82%). Suivant le substrat, l'activité carboxypeptidase était à peu près également répartie entre le liquide de la lumière et les fractions insolubles des cellules du ventricule postérieur. L'amylase, enzyme secrétée, a été observée à la fois dans la lumière antérieure et postérieure. Cinq bandes d'activité amylase ont été révélées sur zymogrammes d'amidon après électrophorèse d'intestins moyens entiers. Trois des bandes d'amylase pouvaient provenir de la plante. Il y avait au moins 2 α-glucosidases, une secrétée et une liée aux cellules du ventricule antérieur. L'activite β-glucosidase était liée aux cellules du ventricule antérieur, fandis que l'activité α-galactosidase était limitée au fluide de la lumière. Les activités β-galactosidase et cellulase ont été trouvées à la fois dans le liquide de la lumière et dans la fraction cellulaire insoluble. Ainsi, la digestion initiale des grosses protéines et des polymères de carbohydrates se produit dans le liquide de la lumière dans les régions ventriculaires antérieure et postérieure. Cependant, l'achèvement de la digestion des oligopeptides se produit principalement dans le ventricule postérieur, tandis que la fin de la digestion des oligosaccharides se produit dans le ventricule antérieur. Les concentrations en inhibiteurs de trypsine de 5 cultivars d'I. batatas L. diffèrent de 1 à 20. Les endoprotéinases deC. formicarius elegantulus ont été inhibées par des extraits de cultivars, mais les cultivars avec des concentrations relativement élevées d'inhibiteur avainent antérieurement montré être susceptibles d'être attaqués par le coléoptère dans des essais en champs.
    Notes: Abstract Endoproteinase activity was confined to luminal fluid from anterior and posterior ventricular regions of midguts of larvae of the sweetpotato weevil,Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). Aminopeptidase was found in luminal fluid (18%) but was primarily associated with insoluble fractions from cells of the posterior ventriculus (82%). Depending on substrate, carboxypeptidase activity was about equally distributed between luminal fluid and insoluble fractions from posterior ventriculus cells. Amylase was found in luminal fluid in both the anterior and posterior ventriculus. Five bands of amylase activity were detected on starch zymograms following electrophoresis of whole midgut samples. Three of the amylase bands may be plant-derived. At least two α-glucosidases were present, one secreted and one bound to anterior ventriculus cells. β-Glucosidase activity was bound to anterior ventriculus cells whereas α-galactosidase activity was confined to luminal fluid. β-Galactosidase and cellulase activities were found in both luminal fluid and the insoluble cell fraction. Thus, initial digestion of large protein and carbohydrate polymers occurs in luminal fluid in both anterior and posterior ventriculus regions. However, terminal digestion of oligopeptides occurs primarily in the posterior ventriculus while terminal digestion of oligosaccharides occurs in the anterior ventriculus. A 20-fold difference in trypsin-inhibitor concentration was found among five sweetpotato cultivars. Endoproteinases from sweetpotato weevil larvae were inhibited by extracts from the cultivars but cultivars with relatively high concentrations of inhibitor were previously shown to be susceptible to weevil attack in field trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569949
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of glandular scales of lepidote rhododendrons in insect resistance (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1787-1798 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) ; black vine weevil ; Ericaceae ; Rhododendron ; trichomes ; glandular scales ; essential oils ; volatiles ; plant resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Glandular scales on selected lepidote rhododendron species varied in density from 109 ± 13 to 4180 ± 60/cm2 of leaf surface. Globules contained within the scales stained with Sudan IV, a lipophilic dye. Essential oil contents of the scales varied with species from 24 ± 8 to 151 ± 35 ng/scale. Black vine weevil [(Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.)] feeding on leaves from a sample of rhododendron species was inversely related to leaf essential oil content, and weevil feeding on membrane filters was inhibited by application of essential oil extracts from leaves of most lepidote rhododendrons tested. Results suggest that the glandular scales of the lepidote rhododendrons function, at least in part, in plant defense against insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987361
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attraction of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to a pheromone trap (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 723-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips typographus ; pheromone ; release ; recapture ; diffusion ; model ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; trap ; marking ; dispersal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The movement of bark beetles near an attractive pheromone source is described in terms of mathematical models of the diffusion type. To test the models, two release experiments involving 47,000 marked spruce bark beetles [Ips typographus (L.)] were performed. The attractive source was a pheromone trap, surrounded by eight concentric rings with eight passive trap stations on each ring. Captures were recorded every 2–10 minutes for the pheromone trap and once for the passive traps. The models were fitted to the distribution in time of the central pheromone trap catch and to the spatial distribution of catch among the passive traps. The first model that gives a reasonable fit consists of two phases: Phase one—After release the beetles move according to a diffusion process with drift towards the pheromone trap. The strength of the drift is inversely proportional to the distance from the traps. Phase two—those beetles attracted to, but not caught by, the pheromone trap are no longer influenced by the pheromone, and their movement is described by a diffusion process without drift. In phase two we work with a loss of beetles, whereas the experiment seems to indicate that the loss of beetles in phase one is negligible. As a second model, the following modification of phase one is considered: After release the beetles move according to a diffusion process without drift, until they start responding to the pheromone (with constant probability per unit time), whereafter they start moving according to a diffusion process with drift. This study, like other release experiments, shows that the efficiency of the pheromone trap is rather low. What is specific for the present investigation is that we try to explain this low efficiency in terms of dynamic models for insect movement. Two factors seem to contribute: Some beetles do not respond to pheromone at all, and some beetles disappear again after having been close to the pheromone trap. It also seems that the motility of the beetles decreased after they ceased responding to the pheromone. Furthermore, the data lend some support to the hypothesis that flight exercise increases the response of the beetles to pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988539
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Receptor cells inIps typographus andDendroctonus micans specific to pheromones of the reciprocal genus (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 759-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips typographus ; Dendroctonus micans ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; exo-brevicomin ; (+)-ipsdienol ; single-cell recordings ; interspecific attraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Olfactory receptor cells were studied electrophysiologically inIps typographus andDendroctonus micans. The investigation revealed cells which were keyed to pheromone compounds characteristic of the reciprocal genus. Thus, cells keyed toexo-brevicomin were found inI. typographus, whereas cells keyed to (+)-ipsdienol were present inD. micans. Laboratory behavioral tests indicated an attractive effect of the two compounds on beetles of the reciprocal genus. InI. typographus the effect ofexo-brevicomin predominantly concerned males and enhanced their response to the pheromone “ipslure.” It is suggested thatexo-brevicomin serves as an interspecific attractant forI. typographus, which may be guided by pheromone compounds of the reciprocal genus in finding suitable breeding material. The function of (+)-ipsdienol inD. micans is more uncertain. It may be either a pheromone or an interspecific messenger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988541
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olfaction in the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Electroantennogram studies (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1759-1785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cotton boll weevil ; Anthonomus grandis ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; pheromone ; kairomone ; plant odor ; olfaction ; electroantennogram ; attractant ; host plant ; green leaf volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electroantennogram (EAG) techniques were utilized to measure the antennal olfactory responsiveness of adult boll weevils,Anthonomus grandis Boh. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to 38 odorants, including both insect and host plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) volatiles. EAGs of both sexes were indicative of at least two receptor populations: one receptor population primarily responsive to pheromone components and related compounds, the other receptor population primarily responsive to plant odors. Similar responses to male aggregation pheromone components (i.e., compounds I, II, and III + IV) were obtained from both sexes, but females were slightly more sensitive to I. Both sexes were highly responsive to components of the “green leaf volatile complex,” especially the six-carbon saturated and monounsaturated primary alcohols. Heptanal was the most active aldehyde tested. More acceptors responded to oxygenated monoterpenes than to monoterpene hydrocarbons. β-Bisabolol, the major volatile of cotton, was the most active sesquiterpene. In general, males, which are responsible for host selection and pheromone production, were more sensitive to plant odors than were females. In fact, males were as sensitive to β-bisabolol and heptanal as to aggregation pheromone components. Electrophysiological data are discussed with regard to the role of insect and host plant volatiles in host selection and aggregation behavior of the boll weevil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987360
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative variation of pheromone components in the spruce bark beetleIps typographus from different attack phases (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1029-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips typographus ; spruce bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol ; ipsenol ; cis-verbenol ; ipsdienol ; trans-verbenol ; verbenone ; myrtenol ; trans-myrtanol ; 2-phenylethanol ; ß-isophorone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ips typographus beetles were collected in the field, separated into eight attack phases (from beetles walking on the trunk of a tree under attack to those excavating gallery systems with a mother gallery longer than 4 cm), and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol,cis- andtrans-verbenol, verbenone, myrtenol, trans-myrtanol, ipsenol, ipsdienol, and 2-phenylethanol were quantified from excised hindguts against an internal standard, heptyl acetate, in the extraction solvent. Methylbutenol, the pinene alcohols, and 2-phenylethanol showed the same pattern of variation between attack phases in males, with the largest amounts present before accepting females and then a fast decline. Ipsenol and ipsdienol were not detected in males before the females were accepted, and the amounts increased when the females start their egg laying. Verbenone occurred only in trace amounts. The beetles were sampled from five Norway spruce trees (Picea abies) of differing resin flow. The correlations between the nine pheromone components and five major host monoterpenes in the gut showed that the variation in the amount of methyl-butenol, ipsenol, and ipsdienol could not be explained by the variation in the amounts of host monoterpenes. In contrast over 80% of the quantitative variation ofcis-verbenol,trans-verbenol, and myrtenol was explained by the amount of α-pinene. The nine pheromone components from 36 individual males were also quantified. Both methylbutenol andcis-verbenol showed a large variation in both amounts and proportions. Females containedtrans-verbenol and traces of most other components found in males. When accepted by the male, they also contained a female-specific compound, β-isophorone. Behavioral and biosynthetic implications of the results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987511
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective predation on chemically defended chrysomelid larvae (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1693-1700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; leaf-beetle larva ; Phratora vitellinae ; Plagiodera versicolora ; Hymenoptera ; Tenthredinidae ; sawfly ; Tenthredo olivacea ; predation ; conditioning ; defensive secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory experiments showed that femaleTenthredo olivacea prefer to prey upon insects of a previously encountered species, instead of upon unknown ones. This has been observed when comparing two natural prey of the sawfly, the larvae ofPhratora vitellinae and those ofPlagiodera versicolora. The two species secrete copious amounts of defensive secretion, the first salicylaldehyde, and the latter a mixture of cyclopentanic monoterpenes. The predator appears less reluctant when encountering a species whose secretion has been previously experienced. A selective pressure might thus exist favoring rare secretions, which is consistant with the well-known diversity of defensive compounds among sympatric insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987355
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Response ofDiabrotica virgifera virgifera, D. v. Zeae, andD. porracea to stereoisomers of 8-methyl-2-decyl propanoate (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1123-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; Diabrotica ; western corn rootworm ; Mexican corn rootworm ; sex pheromone ; stereospecificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The four stereoisomers of 8-methyl-2-decyl propanoate were tested in the United States and Mexico for attractiveness toDiabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, the western corn rootworm,D. v. zeae Krysan and Smith, the Mexican corn rootworm, andD. porracea Harold. Males ofD. v. virgifera andD. v. zeae responded strongly to the (2R,8R)-isomer and secondarily to (2S,8R), whileD. ponacea responded exclusively to the (2S,8R)-isomer. The (2S,8S)- and (2R,8S)-isomers were inactive in all tests. Synergism or inhibition was not detected when various mixtures of the isomers were tested withD. v. virgifera. These phenomena were not tested withD. v. zeae andD. ponacea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987518
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Insect predator-prey coevolution via enantiomeric specificity in a kairomone-pheromone system (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonusfrontalis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Thanasimus dubius ; Cleridae ; southern pine beetle ; kairomone ; behavior ; olfaction ; coevolution ; predator ; enantiomer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Insect predators can be guided to their prey by a kairomonal response to the prey pheromone. We found this phenomenon to be highly specific in the bark beetle predatorThanasimus dubius. Olfactory responses and behavioral tests revealed that the predator is guided to its major preyDendroctonusfrontalis by the primary enantiomer of the pheromone of the prey, (1S, 5R)-(−)-frontalin. These and other findings suggest the co-evolution of a kairomone system of the predator and the pheromone system of its prey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988094
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  • 11
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    Interconversion of verbenols and verbenone by identified yeasts isolated from the spruce bark beetleIps typographus (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1349-1361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Microbial transformations ; aggregation pheromones ; microorganisms ; yeasts ; bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Ips typographus ; cis-verbenol ; trans-verbenol ; verbenone ; 3-methylbutanol ; 2-phenylethanol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Six yeast strains have been isolated and identified from the spruce bark beetle,Ips typographus. We have studied the ability of the yeasts to interconvertcis-verbenol,trans-verbenol, and verbenone. (1S)-cis-Verbenol is an active component in the aggregation pheromone ofIps typographus. The isolatedCandida molischiana/ Hansenula capsulata strain can convert both (1R)- and (1S)-cis-verbenol to verbenone. TheCandida nitratophila strain converts (1R)-cis-verbenol totrans-verbenol and (1S)-cis-verbenol to verbenone. Some of the yeast strains produce 3-methylbutanol, 2-methylpropanol, and 2-phenylethanol after growth in Sabouraud medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988116
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Response of the european elm bark beetle,Scolytus multistriatus, to host bacterial isolates (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1133-1149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Smaller European elm bark beetle ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; elm bacterial isolates ; gamma irradiation ; trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The response of the European elm bark beetle,Scolytus multistriatus, to host bacterial isolates was studied qualitatively under field conditions. Initial experiments indicated that such isolates were attractive to in-flight beetles. These isolates, identified asBacillus subtilis (five strains),B. pumilus, andEnterobacter cloacae, were grown on nutrient agar in glass vials and attached to sticky traps in elm woods. Although beetles were caught on the bacterial isolate-baited traps, the catches were variable, inconsistent, and often contradictory from one experiment to another. High numbers ofS. multistriatus were caught on traps baited with three strains ofB. subtilis, but in addition to thesubtilis strains, there were also aerial contaminants in the treatments, namelyE. aerogenes, Corynebacterium sp., andFlavobacterium sp. Also, relatively high catches were recorded on nutrient agar controls. When elm wood-bark plugs, sterilized (by gamma irradiation) and unsterilized, were placed in vials with the host bacterial isolates, the presence or absence of fresh elm, gamma irradiated or not, had no noticeable effect on beetle attractancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987519
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Alkanes from surface lipids of sunflower stem weevil,Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1335-1347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insect hydrocarbons ; sunflower stem weevil ; Cylindrocopturus adspersus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; 9,19-dimethylalkanes ; 9,21-dimethylalkanes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The stem weevil,Cylindrocopturus adspersus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) yields 3% of its body weight as extractable lipids (40 μg/ weevil). The alkane fraction was composed ofn-alkanes (38%) and branched alkanes (62%). The compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chromatogram contained several single-component peaks (9 of 25). Only seven dimethylalkanes were isolated (17.8%): 9,19- and 9,21-dimethylheptacosane; 9,19- and 9,21-dimethylnonacosane; 9,21- and 11,21-dimethylhentriacontane; and 11,21-dimethyltritriacontane. Important methylalkanes were: 2-methyltetra- and hexacosanes and 10-methylhexa- and octacosanes. Late-eluting gas chromatography peaks were composed of simple alkane mixtures or a single component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988115
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on field behavior of crucifer-feeding flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Mustard oil ; allyl isothiocyanate ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; flea beetle ; beetle ; Phyllotreta ; Psylliodes ; crucifer ; rutabaga ; behavior ; isothiocyanate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When water traps baited with allyl isothiocyanate (AIC)diffusing through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and rubber membranes were used to monitor four species of crucifer-feeding flea beetle adults in a rutabaga field at L'Assomption, Que. in 1980–1981, differential responses to AIC were observed.Phyllotreta cruciferae was more attracted to AIC thanP. striolata, whereas the behavior ofPsylliodes punctulata was not affected by the presence of AIC. The traps with the PVC membrane caught significantly more flea beetles than the traps with the rubber membrane in 1980, but caught a similar number in 1981. Sticky traps covered with AIC mixed with Tangletrap® caught significantly more flea beetles than control sticky traps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987641
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Aggregation pheromone of the deodar weevll,Pissodes nemorensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Isolation and activity of grandisol and grandisal (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1417-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pissodes nemorensis ; deodar weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; aggregation pheromone ; grandisol ; grandisal ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The bark weevilPissodes nemorensis, a pest of pines and exotic cedars in the southeastern United States, utilizes a male-produced aggregation pheromone. The presumed pheromone components, grandisol (cis-2-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclobutaneethanol) and its corresponding aldehyde, grandisal, were isolated from extracts of male volatiles and male hindguts. A field test in northern Florida showed that the combination of grandisol, grandisal, and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) bolts acted synergistically to attract large numbers of male and femaleP. nemorensis. These components deployed in various paired combinations were not as attractive as the tripartite mixture. There was no evidence that flying weevils were attracted to unbaited pine bolts. The aggregation pheromone forP. nemorensis appears to be similar to that of a parapatric sibling species,P. approximatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990312
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    Attractive and inhibitory pheromones produced in the bark beetle,Dendroctonus brevicomis, during host colonization: Regulation of inter- and intraspecific competition (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 861-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Cleridae ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Enoclerus lecontei ; Pinus ponderosa ; bark beetle ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; verbenone ; trans-verbenol ; ipsdienol ; aggregation ; pheromone ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Quantities of attractive (exo-brevicomin and frontalin) and inhibitory (trans-verbenol, verbenone, and ipsdienol) pheromones were monitored in both sexes ofDendroctonus brevicomis during their colonization of a ponderosa pine. Verbenone was found in males in the greatest amounts at the time of landing, and it declined more rapidly than the other pheromones in either sex. The amounts of frontalin andexo-brevicomin in males and females, respectively, increased after initial boring within the host but began to decline after mating. The quantity oftrans-verbenol in both sexes (females had significantly more) declined more gradually thanexo-brevicomin, frontalin, and verbenone. Ipsdienol was found only in males during the initial stages of attack when encountering the resin. It is suggested that along with a general decline in all pheromonal components, a sufficient change in the ratio of the attractive pheromones to an inhibitory pheromone,trans-verbenol, may play a role in termination of aggregation.trans-Verbenol may also function along with verbenone and ipsdienol in limiting the density of attack and thus intraspecific competition. These inhibitory pheromones also appear to cause several competing species of bark beetle to avoid landing in areas infested withD. brevicomis, even when their own pheromone is present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987969
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  • 17
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    Volatile food attractants forOryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) from oats (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Oryzaephilus surinamensis ; Coleoptera ; Cucujidae ; oats ; attractants ; (E)-2-nonenal ; (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal ; 2-furaldehyde ; formaldehyde ; propanal ; hexanal ; heptanal ; octanal ; (E)-2-heptenal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The sawtoothed grain beetle,Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae), is attracted to certain volatile components that occur in whole and rolled oats as determined by a laboratory pitfall chamber bioassay. More than 100 components were detected in the attractive carbonyl-containing fractions; 14 of these, making up 60% of the total, were identified and bioassayed. Although hexanal, heptanal, octanal, (E)-2-heptenal, and 2-furaldehyde, at doses ranging variously from 1 to 100 μg, were all significantly attractive, only 1 /10 to 1 /100 as much (E)-2-nonenal or (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal was necessary to produce comparable insect response. In addition, propanal and formaldehyde (previously reported in oats but not detected by us) were bioassayed and found to be attractive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987858
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  • 18
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    Response of Colorado potato beetles,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), to volatile components of tansy,Tanacetum vulgare (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1325-1333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Colorado potato beetle ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; tansy ; Tanacetum vulgare ; potato ; Solanum tuberosum ; interplanting ; volatile compounds ; insect attractance ; insect avoidance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The responses of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), to volatile components of tansy,Tanacetum vulgare L., were investigated in order to establish a chemical basis for observed reduction in beetle populations when potatoes,Solanum tuberosum L., were interplanted with tansy. Colorado potato beetles exhibited avoidance behavior to tansy oil, volatiles from intact tansy plants, a “hydrocarbon fraction” of tansy oil, obtained by fractionation on alumina, and five of the 13 known components of tansy oil that were tested. One constituent of tansy oil, α-pinene, attracted beetles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988114
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  • 19
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    Response of the clerid predatorThanasimus dubius (F.) to bark beetle pheromones and tree volatiles in a wind tunnel (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Cleridae ; Thanasimus dubius ; beetle ; predation ; frontalin ; ipsdienol ; α-pinene ; southern pine beetle ; Ips spp. ; Scolytidae ; ipsenol ; endo-brevicomin ; kairomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Tree volatiles and pheromones produced by southern bark beetles were bioassayed for response by the clerid predatorThanasimus dubius (F.). Upwind flights in a laboratory olfactometer, modified from Visser (1976), were used to determine the attractiveness of compounds. Differences in response to a solvent control and pheromone treatment were tested for statistical significance using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Both sexes ofT. dubius responded to frontalin, ipsdienol, and α-pinene in a dose-dependent manner with different but overlapping concentration ranges. Strong differences between the sexes were observed in response totrans-verbenol, verbenone, andl-β-pinene. Neither sex responded to ipsenol orendo-brevicomin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987655
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  • 20
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    Behavioral responses of elm bark beetles to baited and unbaited elms killed by cacodylic acid (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1623-1634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cacodylic acid ; pheromone ; Phomopsis oblonga ; Dutch Elm disease ; elm bark beetles ; Scolytus scolytus ; Scolytus multistrialus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diseased elms, treated with various doses of cacodylic acid in northwest England, became attractive to elm bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). This attraction seemed to be independent of pheromone baits. However attractive the trees became, they were unsuitable to the beetles as breeding sites since significantly more beetles visited the trees than were stimulated to penetrate and attempt to breed. It seems as if colonization of trap trees by the bark saprophytePhomopsis oblonga following cacodylic acid treatment made the trees unsuitable to beetles for breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988430
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  • 21
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    Pheromone production by axenically rearedDendroctonus ponderosae andIps paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 281-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Ips paraconfusus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; axenic rearing ; monoterpenes ; aggregation pheromones ; trans-verbenol ; exo-brevicomin ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and California five-spined ips,Ips paraconfusus Lanier, were reared axenically from surface-sterilized eggs on aseptic pine phloem. After 24 hr in host logs, axenip femaleD. ponderosae and maleI. paraconfusus produced the aggregation pheromones,trans-verbenol (D. ponderosae), and ipsenol and ipsdienol (I. paraconfusus). Emergent, axenically reared maleD. ponderosae contained normal amounts of the pheromoneexo-brevicomin. Axenic femaleD. ponderosae treated with juvenile hormone or exposed to vapors of α-pinene, produced the pheromonetrans-verbenol. By 25–35 days after eclosion, axenic females exposed to α-pinene vapors produced over six times as muchtrans-verbenol as wild females, suggesting that while microorganisms in wild females may producetrans-verbenol, they may also inhibit production of the pheromone or use it as a substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987856
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  • 22
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    Effect of multilure and its components on parasites ofScolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromone ; Scolytus multistriatus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Cheiropachus colon ; Entedon leucogramma ; Spathius benefactor ; Dendrosoter proluberans ; Cerocephala eccoptogastri ; Hymenoptera ; Pteromalidae ; Braconidae ; Eulophidae ; European elm bark beetle ; parasites ; kairomone ; multilure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several hymenopterous parasites ofScolytus multistriatus are attracted to components of its aggregation pheromone, multilure.Cheiropachus colon, Entedon leucogramma, Dendrosoter protuberans, Spathius benefactor, andCerocephala eccoptogastri are attracted in various degrees to multilure, its components (multistriatin, 4-methyl-3-heptanol, and cubebene), and component combinations.C. colon was trapped in greatest numbers, yet was usually less numerous thanE. leucogramma andD. protuberans in the study area. Impact of traps onC. colon may conceivably be reduced by multistriatin content in baits and/or by withholding traps untilS. multistriatus flight begins.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987864
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  • 23
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    Pheromone biosynthetic pathways: Conversion of ipsdienone to (−)-ipsdienol, a mechanism for enantioselective reduction in the male bark beetle,Ips paraconfusus (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1057-1064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips paraconfusus ; bark beetle ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; ipsdienone ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol ; enantiomers ; diastereomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The enantiomeric composition of the pheromone components (+)-ipsdienoI, e.e. 87.6%, and (−)-ipsenol, e.e. 93.8%, produced by the male bark beetleIps paraconfusus (Scolytidae) under natural conditions was determined by HPLC separation of their diastereomeric ester derivatives. Males confined in an atmosphere of ipsdienone produced (−)-ipsdienol, e.e. 28%, and (−)-ipsenol, e.e. 86%, indicating an enantiomeric selectivity in the conversion of the ketone to the alcohols. These findings demonstrate an enantioselective conversion mechanism in the biosynthetic pathway to the pheromones from myrcene, a host-plant terpene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987512
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  • 24
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    Antifeedant activity of quassinoids (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 10 (1984), S. 1497-1507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Antifeedant ; Mexican bean beetle ; Epilachna varivestis ; Coleoptera ; Coccinellidae ; southern armyworm ; Spodoptera eridania ; Lipidoptera ; Noctuidae ; quassinoids ; Simaroubaceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The antifeedant activity of 13 quassinoids of different structural types has been studied against the Mexican bean beetle (Epilachna varivestis Mulsant) 4th instar larvae and the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania Crawer) 5th instar larvae. All quassinoids tested displayed significant activity against the Mexican bean beetle and, thus, do not reveal a simple structure-activity relationship. Five quassinoids were active against the southern armyworm. Interestingly, four of these-bruceantin (I), glaucarubinone (VI), isobruceine A (VIII), and simalikalactone D (XI)-possess the required structural features for antineoplastic activity. The noncytotoxic quassin (X) is an exception; it is active against both pests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990319
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