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  • pharmacokinetics  (93)
  • Column liquid chromatography  (26)
  • Springer  (119)
  • Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • 1980-1984  (119)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1920-1924
  • 1984  (119)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (119)
  • Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Years
  • 1980-1984  (119)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1920-1924
Year
  • 101
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    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 12 (1984), S. 451-461 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: rabbit ear chamber ; granulation tissue ; serum albumin ; sodium fluorescein ; Stokes-Einstein radius ; fluorescence ; photometric analysis ; vascular permeability ; renal clearance ; erythrocyte-free plasma layer ; two-compartment model ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Plasma pharmacokinetics of sodium fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated bovine serum albumin, and a graded series of dextrans of 19,400 to 71,800 MW were monitored continuously using a noninvasive photometric technique in individual blood vessels of tissue grown in a rabbit ear chamber. The data obtained were fitted with a two-compartment open model to obtain an effective permeability and an effective clearance. Both parameters decreased with increasing molecular radius for dextrans. Values for albumin were considerably less than expected on the basis of molecular radius, presumably due to the configuration, charge, and binding characteristics of albumin.
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  • 102
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 12 (1984), S. 351-365 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; model discrimination ; experiment design ; information theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The need for objective design of pharmacokinetic experiments aimed at model discrimination is argued. A sequential design strategy based on information theory is outlined. The characteristics of this strategy and its applicability to pharmacokinetic experiments is examined by means of computer simulated experiments. The limitations of the technique are discussed and alternative approaches outlined.
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  • 103
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 12 (1984), S. 119-128 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: teicoplanin ; pharmacokinetics ; three-compartment model ; noncompartmental analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic active against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, was studied in adult male volunteers given 2- and 3- mg/ kg doses by a constant-rate 0.5-hr infusion. Serum and urine samples were collected up to 96 hr. Mean peak serum levels after the two doses were 15.7 and 22.4 μg/ml. Postinfusion serum teicoplanin levels showed triexponential decay. A three-compartment body model gave close values for pharmacokinetic parameters after the two doses. The mean half-life of the λ1 phase was 20.3 min, that of the λ2 phase was 2.9 hr, and the half-life of the estimated λ3 phase was 40.5 hr, in good agreement with that of the λZ phase (45.9 hr) calculated from the last urine data. The mean volume of distribution of the central compartment was 0.09 liter/kg and the steady-state volume of distribution using noncompartmental analysis was 0.84 liter/kg. Total clearance averaged 16.05 ml/hr/kg, with renal clearance arbout half this (9.51 ml/hr/kg), calculated by two different methods. The average total recovery of active teicoplanin in urine over 4 days was 52%, suggesting that both renal and nonrenal mechanisms are involved in elimination of the drug. The concentrations of teicoplanin in serum and urine exceeded the MIC (ranging from 0.02 to 2 μg/ml) on many pathogenic organisms for at least 1 day after administration.
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  • 104
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    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 12 (1984), S. 193-221 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: compartmental analysis ; identification ; Michaelis-Menten kinetics ; nonlinear systems ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with aspects of the numerical identifiability of parameters of a model with a capacity-limited elimination rate using a single dose-response curve, namely, the prospects of being able to identify model parameters with any meaning from real data. The concept of linear bounds, first proposed by Tong and Metzler, is described and it is shown that if the Michaelis-Menten constant Km is greater than all the measured concentration values, approximation by a linear model is appropriate. At the other end of the scale, if Km is small compared with measured concentration values, the nonlinear response approximates to a zero-order curve.
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  • 105
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; cytosine arabinoside ; delayed release ; arachis oil suspension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An attempt was made to create a delayed release preparation of cytosine arabinoside (araC) which could be administered subcutaneously, and would produce plasma levels similar to steady state infusion concentrations. A thixotropic suspension of araC in arachis oil and aluminium distearate was formulated. This preparation was similar to that previously used with bleomycin oil suspension and procaine penicillin. Two hundred mg/ml of araC in arachis oil containing varying amounts of aluminium distearate were administered firstly to New Zealand White rabbits and then to patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia. This preparation was well tolerated by both rabbits and patients but did not delay the release of araC from the subcutaneous tissues.
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  • 106
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 574-578 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Microbore column ; Flow rate stability ; Performance ; Quantitative analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Some quantitative implications of the use of microbore columns in column liquid chromatography are investigated. Although for several pumps the flow rate stability at 50 μl min−1 is slightly worse than that of pumps operating at 1 ml min−1, the quantitative performance with respect to repeatability and reproducibility of response factors equals that of conventional liquid chromatography. Thermostatting is strongly recommended for microbore column operation.
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  • 107
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 62-64 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Reversed phase ; Microparticulate packing ; Amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure is described by which 20 commonly occurring amino acids may be separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography at room temperature in a total time, including derivatisation with o-phthalaldehyde/2-mercaptoethanol reagent, of approximately 15 minutes. Further, an increase in column temperature enables increased resolution of certain amino acids to be obtained with small but acceptable losses in fluorescence intensity. The only major drawback to the method is that the derivatisation reagent does not react with proline or hydroxyproline.
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  • 108
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 15-17 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Ion-pair ; Dynamic equillibrium ; Aqueous and aqueous alcohol eluents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This work describes the dynamic equilibrium of an ionpair, reverse-phase liquid chromatography system. A given adsorbed quantity of an anionic surfactant can lead to different capacity factors and selectivity for anionic solutes.
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  • 109
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Retention correlation ; Silica ; Normal and reversed phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The correlation between the retention data of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) obtained in normal-and reversed-phase liquid chromatography is investigated in order to determine the dominant factors controlling the retention. It is clear that the separation of PAHs on various chemically-bonded packing materials in normal- and/or reversed-phase modes is primarily controlled by the molecular structure and shape. The π-electron interaction between the solute and the stationary phase also contributes to the retention, although pure silica shows a somewhat different behavior.
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  • 110
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 600-602 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Sugars ; Copper (II) complex ; UV detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A sensitive method of sugar analysis by HPLC is described in which a copper (II) modified silica gel as stationary phase is used. Detection is based on UV absorption of a complex formed between the sugar, copper, and ammonia.
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  • 111
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 695-697 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Semi-microbore columns ; Reverse-phase ; 3 μm packing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation and use of semi-microbore (2mm i.d.), reverse-phase columns in HPLC has been investigated and they have been compared with 5 mm bore analytical columns. Injection valve design, detector cell volume, column loading and column linking are considered for both semi-microbore and analytical systems. Mobile phase flow-rate, detector time constant and column lifetime are also evaluated for small-bore systems.
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  • 112
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Quantitative determination of L-alanine ; DABS-Cl ; Tryglycine sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method for the quantitative determination of L-alanine in triglycine sulphate crystals, in the presence of excess amounts of glycine, is described. L-alanine is determined after derivatization with 4-N,N-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene-4′-sulfonyl chloride (DABS-Cl) and in the presence of DABS-valine used as the internal standard. The results obtained indicate that the method permits the determination of alanine in triglycine sulphate crystals at concentrations of about 1%.
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  • 113
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 73-80 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Microbore columns ; Performance ; High-speed separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Microbore columns of 1 mm i.d. have turned out to be very suitable for the achievement of efficient columns. The packing procedure for stainless steel 1 mm i.d. columns from 5 to 100 cm in length was studied. Stationary phases used were: pure silica gel, octyl, octadecyl and amino bonded silicas. The main parameters (slurry composition, packing system, choice of materials) are discussed. Short columns packed with 3 or 5μm particles allow high speed separations. A separation in 18 seconds is described. Very high plate numbers can be obtained with long columns. With 7–8μm particles, a 1 m column can produce 50,000 plates (h=3). Columns can be joined without loss of efficiency. 270 000 theoretical plates were obtained on a 6 m adsorption column with a test mixture. In reversed-phase chromatography, bile acid sodium salts can be separated on a 1 m column. In adsorption chromatography, details are given of the separation of a polystyrene oligomer sample, as well as a light and a heavy petroleum distillate samples on a 2 m column with refractive index detection in the last-case.
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  • 114
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 84-86 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Reversed phase ; Stationary phase evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For the evaluation of reversed phase packing materials a mixture of acetylacetone, I-nitronaphthalene and naphthalene is proposed. This will reveal the usual optimum kinetic chromatographic parameters (the naphthalene peak), the degree of activity or endcapping status of the column (the ratio of the I-nitronaphthalene and naphthalene retention times) and trace metal activity (the shape and intensity of the acetylacetone peak).
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  • 115
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 81-83 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Bonded phases ; Characterisation ; Toxicological screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes a test (“DMD-test”) to determine chromatographic properties of C8- or C18-bonded phases. The test was developed to select HPLC columns, for clinical and forensic toxicological screening in particular. The three compounds for the DMD-test are: diphenhydramine, 5-(p-methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (=MPPH) and diazepam. The isocratic mobile phase (acetonitrile/buffer pH2.3) is suitable for analysis of biological samples. 24 commercially available columns were tested. From our work this test enables the selection of commercial HPLC columns with reproducible properties. In this way a reference LC retention list can be developed to identify analytical results on an inter- or intralaboratory basis.
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  • 116
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    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 90-95 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Reversed phase ; Retention prediction ; Substituted benzenes ; Molecular parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The separation of substituted benzene derivaties on a reversed-phase C-18 column has been examined. The correlations between the logarithm of the capacity factor and several descriptors indicating the molecular size, shape and the physical properties of a solute were determined. The results indicated that hydrophobicity is the dominant factor to control the retention of substituted benzenes. Their retention in reversed-phase HPLC can be predicted with help of the equations derived by multicombination of the parameters.
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  • 117
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Aldehydes and ketones ; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel ; Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of several methods described in the literature this paper discusses air-sampling on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel and identification requirements for aldehydes and ketones most commonly found in industrial pollution. Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde either by GC or by HPLC techniques is established using a dynamic system producing test atmospheres and compared with the usual colorimetric determinations.
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  • 118
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 1183-1185 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: ethanol ; pharmacokinetics ; blood ; serotonin ; dopamine ; noradrenalin ; brain ; CBA and C57Bl/6 mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 119
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 98 (1984), S. 1226-1227 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; alcohol ; isolation ; stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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