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  • GEOPHYSICS  (768)
  • 1980-1984  (768)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1984  (768)
  • 1
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    Classification of volcanoes of the Kane Patera Quadrangle of Io: Proportions of lava flows and pyroclastic flows (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Voyager 1 images show 14 volcanic centers wholly or partly within the Kane Patera quadrangle of Io, which are divided into four major classes: (1) shield with parallel flows; (2) shield with early radial fan shapd flows; (3) shield with radial fan shaped flows, surfaces of flows textured with longitudinal ridges; and (4) depression surrounded by plateau-forming scarp-bounded, untextured deposits. The interpretation attempted here hinges largely on the ability to distinguish lava flows from pyroclastic flows by remote sensing.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 127-129
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  • 2
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    Interpretation of planetary stress systems: Determination of tectonic over-printing in Northwest Wyoming (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Structural and tectonic interpretations of planetary surfaces rely strongly on visual determination of regional structural grain. This grain can be very complex and confusing, and sorting out of discrete trends in time and space is of utmost importance. This study is a test of these techniques applied to a well known area having several discrete structural grains. In the Bighorn Basin region of Wyoming, a largely overlooked N10E structural grain has been verified with detailed structural analysis and indicates a significant change in stress orientation at the end of the Laramide orogeny.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 307-309
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  • 3
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    Volcanism in the Valles Marineris (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Tectoism in the Valles Marineris appears to have been accompanied by volcanism. The proposed volcanic features, though probably contemporaneous with the gigantic ones in the Tharsis area, are composed of small, mafic and, possibly, somewhat larger felsic flows. The size of these features is similar to that of volcanic flows on the Earth.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 135-137
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  • 4
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    Experiments on water/melt explosions, nature of products, and models of dispersal (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Experiments were carried out in a steel pressure device using controlled amounts of water and thermite melt to examine the mechanical energy released on explosive mixing following the initial contact of the two materials. An experimental design was used to allow the direct calculation of the mechanical energy by the dynamic lift of the device as recorded both optically and physically. A large number of experiments were run to accurately determine the optimum mixture of water and melt for the conversion of thermal to mechanical energy. The maximum efficiency observed was about 12% at a water/thermite mass ratio of 0.50. These experiments are the basis for the development of models of hydroexplosions and melt fragmentation. Particles collected from the experimental products are similar in size and shape to pyroclasts produced by much larger hydrovolcanic explosions. Melt rupture at optimum ratios produces very fine particles whereas rupture at high or low water/melt ratios produces large melt fragments. Grain surface textures in the experimental products are also related to the water/melt ratio and the mechanism of explosive mixing. It is thus possible to have qualitative information about the nature of the explosion from the sizes and shapes of the fragments produced.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 144-146
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  • 5
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    Mercury: Topographic and geologic data from Earth-based radar observations (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Significant new geologic information has been revealed by comparing 1:5 million scale geologic maps of the equatorial zone quadrangles of Mercury (H-6, H-7 and H-8) to Earth-based elevation profiles and surface reflectivity maps of Mercury obtained in the early 1970's at the Arecibo (PR) and Goldstone (CA) radar facilities. These data consist of 23 Goldstone images and profiles of polarized return data at 12.5-cm wavelength and one Arecibo profile. Radar data with 150-m vertical accuracy and 10- to 20-km horizontal resolution are available for areas between latitudes 13 N. and 11 S. In general, these data sets show excellent correlation between: (1) relative elevation and roughness differences that are reflected by mapped geologic contacts; (2) mapped ridges and scarps that display distinctive radar signatures; and (3) position and morphology of crater-and-basin topographic elements. Inferences can also be drawn about topographic and geologic terrain beyond the area imaged by Mariner 10 cameras.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geology Program, 1983; p 287
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  • 6
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    A regression model for the temporal development of soil pipes and associated gullies in the alluvial-fill valley of the Rio Puerco, central New Mexico (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: On Mars, the association of gullied escarpments and chaotic terrain is evidence for failure and scarp retreat of poorly consolidated materials. Some martian gullies have no surface outlets and may have drained through subterranean channels. Similar features, though on a much smaller scale, can be seen in alluvium along terrestrial river banks in semiarid regions, such as the Rio Puerco Valley of central New Mexico. Many of the escarpments along the Rio Puerco are developing through formation of collapse gullies, which drain through soil pipes. Gully development can be monitored on aerial photographs taken in 1935, 1962, and 1980. A regression model was developed to quantify gully evolution over a known time span. Soil pipes and their associated collapse gullies make recognizable signatures on the air photos. The areal extent of this signature can be normalized to the scarp length of each pipe-gully system, which makes comparisons between systems possible.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 196-197
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  • 7
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    Fluvial erosion of impact craters: Earth and Mars (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Geomorphic studies of impact structures in central Australia are being used to understand the complexities of fluvial dissection in the heavily cratered terrains of Mars. At Henbury, Northern Territory, approximately 12 small meteorite craters have interacted with a semiarid drainage system. The detailed mapping of the geologic and structural features at Henbury allowed this study to concentrate on degradational landforms. The breaching of crater rims by gullies was facilitated by the northward movement of sheetwash along an extensive pediment surface extending from the Bacon Range. South-facing crater rims have been preferentially breached because gullies on those sides were able to tap the largest amounts of runoff. At crater 6 a probable rim-gully system has captured the headward reaches of a pre-impact stream channel. The interactive history of impacts and drainage development is critical to understanding the relationships in the heavily cratered uplands of Mars. Whereas Henbury craters are younger than 4700 yrs. B.P., the Gosses Bluff structure formed about 130 million years ago. The bluff is essentially an etched central peak composed of resistant sandstone units. Fluvial erosion of this structure is also discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Programs; p 175-177
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  • 8
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    Distribution and properties of small volcanoes in Acidalia Planitia (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Eastern Acidalia Planitia contains a wide variety of terrain types on which are thousands of subkilometer volcanoes. Apparent morphometric variations were previously reported as a function of terrain type for the cones in the Cydonia area and extended to the rest of Acidalia for which high resolution Viking imagery exist. Crater counts are included for the six types of plains identified, density distributions of subkilometer cones found on each type of terrain, and orphometric data by morphological subclass as a function of terrain for more than 1400 cones.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 130-132
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  • 9
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    East Butte: A volcanic dome of the Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Preliminary mapping shows East Butte to be a single, large cumulo-dome composed dominantly of rhyolite which can be classified into three main groups based on color and structure. The rhyolite of East Butte is aphanitic with phenocrysts of sanidine and quartz which vary from 1 to 5 mm in length. Vesicular reddish black inclusions of basalt up to 10 cm in length, found in all varieties of the East Butte rhyolites are believed to have originated from fragmentation of the basalt walls of the conduit by rhyolitic magma as it was emplaced. Most of the inclusions contain plagioclase phenocrysts. These phenocrysts measure up to 1 to 2 cm in length and have a typical euhedral, tabular habit. A 250-m diameter depression which has the appearance of a crater is located at the top of East Butte. Evidence supporting the fact that the depression is a crater is displayed by three small (3 to 5 m in height) mounds of massive rhyolite which border the depression.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 121-124
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  • 10
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    The 1950 sulfur flow of Mauna Loa: Considerations for Io (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-06
    Description: Some of the geological relationships observed in the Mauna Loa sulfur flow may apply in considering volcanic processes on Io. Given the presence of sulfur/sulfur compounds in the eruption plumes and on the surface of Io, it is likely that extensive secondary deposits of sulfur exist, some of which may be of fumarolic origin and analogous to the Mauna Loa deposit. Given the likelihood of silicate volcanism of Io based on the inferred material properties of some flows, and the attendant high temperatures for silicate volcanism, it is likely that the secondary surface deposits of sulfur would have been mobilized without being heated to the high viscosity stage. Mobilized sulfur flows on Io may flow long distances as a result of: (1) low viscosities in the melting range; (2) sustained effusion resulting from continued heating source area; (3) continued remobilization within the flow as a consequence of surges from the source; and (4) extension via lava tubes, or similar conduits through which there is little heat loss. Sulfur flows may form a relatively thin veneer over silicate flows and other surface units, given their fluidity and low mobilization temperature. Active splashing and splattering may spread sulfur over a wider area contributing the bright blooms observed in association with some Ionian flows.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Washington Rept. of Planetary Geol. Program, 1983; p 133-134
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