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  • Articles  (35)
  • aquatic Oligochaeta  (35)
  • Springer  (35)
  • 1980-1984  (35)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1925-1929
  • 1984  (35)
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  • Articles  (35)
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  • Springer  (35)
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  • 1980-1984  (35)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1925-1929
Year
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  • 1
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 25-36 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; annelids ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Haplotaxidae have all the characteristics to support the hypothesis that they are the living descendents of the stem forms from which all of the Oligochaeta Clitellata (Orders Lumbriculida, Haplotaxida, Lumbricida, Tubificida) can be derived. The Aphanoneura are distinct from the Clitellata and are raised to a separate Class. There is no evidence to support the view that the elaborate setae of many Tubificida are derived from a polychaete ancestry; both are held to be independent modifications to aquatic life derived from a simple burrowing protoannelid with lumbricine setae.
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  • 2
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 127-129 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; biological quality indices ; large rivers ; pollution ; fine sediments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study emphasizes the usefulness of Oligochaeta communities as descriptors of pollution in the fine sediments of large rivers. Two indices of biological quality of fine bottoms are proposed and are related to chemical parameters of the water. Tentative proposals are made for an empirical classification of polluted fine sediments.
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  • 3
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 37-44 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A tentative phylogeny of the oligochaete family Tubificidae, with emphasis on the marine representatives, is presented. The scheme is based on the morphology and arrangements of prostate glands and the setal patterns. The rhyacodriline, more or less diffuse prostates are regarded as a primitive stage in prostate evolution, preceded only by the aprostate condition assumed for the ancestor of the family. An early split of the subfamily Rhyacodrilinae supposedly led to (1) a marine branch, from which evolved the highly diverse, exclusively marine subfamilies Phallodrilinae and Limnodriloidinae, and (2) a freshwater branch, which later divided into the Telmatodrilinae, Tubificinae and Aulodrilinae. The marine subfamilies invariably lack hair setae, whereas about half of the species within the other, freshwater subfamilies possess such setae in their dorsal bundles. Some marine genera, such as Monopylephorus (Rhyacodrilinae), Tubificoides and Clitellio (both Tubificinae) are regarded as recent off-shoots from the main freshwater stock. The families Naididae and Opistocystidae are considered likely to have evolved from rhyacodriline Tubificidae, whereas Phreodrilidae, the fourth family within the suborder Tubificina, is regarded as a sister group to the Tubificidae.
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  • 4
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; oligochaete taxonomy ; Enchytraeidae ; Grania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the penial bulb and male efferent duct system of Grania species may be used in addition to setal pattern and spermathecal shape to distinguish species. Six penial bulb types are distinguished: (1) a simple, small, glandular bulb surrounding the male pore; (2) a small, glandular bulb, with a large, associated, dorso-medial gland mass; (3) a small glandular bulb, medial to the male pore, with an elongate male bursa (the aglandular sac), the vas deferens exitting directly into the invaginated male pore; (4) a glandular bulb with an aglandular sac and a small, cuticular stylet embedded in the bulb, extending from the ectal end of the vas deferens; (5) a glandular bulb and an aglandular sac with a long stylet extending from the vas deferens, through the bulb into the sac; and (6) glandular bulb reduced or absent, with or without an aglandular sac; with a long stylet and other prominent modifications, usually muscular, of the vas deferens. The details of the male duct structure were consistent within specimens grouped on the basis of setal distribution and shape and detailed spermathecal structure. Diverse male duct patterns are found within the polytypic species G. macrochaeta and G. postclitellochaeta. The positions of the spermathecal and male pores in their respective segments are distinctive for some species.
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  • 5
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 51-54 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Capilloventer ; Capilloventridae ; new family ; new genus ; Tubificida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of a previously undescribed oligochaete from the Bay of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were determined to belong to a new family of microdiles within the order Tubificida, suborder Enchytraeina. The specimens are characterized by dorsal and ventral hair setae, spermathecae in VII, testes in XI, ovaries in XII, and a clitellum. The number of primitive characters present in the new species indicate that it is a primitive member of the order that diverged early from the evolutionary line leading to the Enchytraeidae.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; marine Enchytraeidae ; recognition of immature stages ; epidermal glands ; vital staining ; Neutral Red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal glands in Enchytraeidae are arranged in several transverse rows in each segment. These glands are more or less inconspicuous. It is possible to show up the gland cells by vital staining with Neutral Red (dilution 1:25 000 to 1:200 000 in tap- or sea-water, pH 6.0–6.8). Studies using this staining method have shown that there is a distinct pattern of epidermal glands for each species of marine Enchytraeidae investigated. The possibility of distinguishing immature specimens of different marine enchytraeid species, found in one particular locality, is demonstrated.
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  • 7
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 59-64 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; spermatozoa ; spermatogenesis ; cell differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spermiogenesis in Oligochaeta occurs with peculiar modalities, common to all the species studied in this group. Gonial cells, produced in the testes, drop into coelomatic cavities (usually seminal vesicles) where they undergo a series of mitotic divisions, without cytodieresis, and finally meiosis. In the seminal vesicles, a series of ‘morulae’ is present, composed of 2, 4, 8, 18, 32, ... cells. The number of spermatids produced is variable, but is constant for each species. The process of spermiohistogenesis involves many steps, including: nuclear shaping, chromatin condensation, production of an acrosome, reduction of the number of mitochondria. The present knowledge of the mechanisms of cell differentiation, and the problem of the presence of two different sperm lines in some species is discussed.
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  • 8
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 65-69 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; life-cycle ; karyology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data on the life-cycle of a population of Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard in a water-lily tank at the Botanical Garden in Padua are reported. The breeding period is from April to July, after which the reproductive system is partially resorbed (August–September) and reformed later in the autumn. The karyology of the species was also studied, and revealed 38 mitotic chromosomes in the gonia, and 19 bivalents in the primary spermatocytes and in the primary oocytes.
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  • 9
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 71-81 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; nutrition ; sediment ; histophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lumbricillus lineatus selectively ingests masses of organic and inorganic interstitial particles from a sand-clay substratum in the upper littoral zone. Particle-masses are ingested, passed along the esophagus and into the anterior intestine where the pH becomes acid. A- and C-esterases, acid β-galactosidase, acid phosphatase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase are present in the epithelium, while the rotating food masses are surrounded by a membrane of sulphated, acid glycoprotein. These enzymes, with the exception of acid phosphatase and the addition of aminopeptidase M, are also present in the epithelia of the mid and posterior intestinal regions where the pH is alkaline. The cells in the ventral wall of the mid intestinal region contain high concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, acid β-galactosidase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The food consists of absorbed organics and bacteria with absorption and intracellular digestion occurring along the intestine, particularly in the mid ventral region.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; gutless oligochaetes ; structure ; ecology ; physiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phallodrilus leukodermatus is not only characterized by the complete absence of mouth, gut, anus and nephridia, but also by an exceptional dermal ultrastructure which is associated with gram-negative bacteria. The vertical distribution of the worms from Bermudian carbonate sands is also unusual in attaining population maximum at oligoxic or anoxic depths around the redox discontinuity (RPD) layer, where extremely high concentrations of amino acids and sugars are to be recorded. Based on results from current ecophysiological and ultrastructural studies, an interpretation of the unique biology of the worms is attempted.
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  • 11
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 91-95 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; asexual reproduction ; genetical-ecological mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A great variety of asexual reproductive modes are known among aquatic oligochaetes. The main types of these modes are shortly described. Based upon observations on natural populations, the possible genetical and ecological implications of asexual reproduction are discussed. The following points are emphasized: (1) The often expressed expectations of a strong predominance of one particularly adaptive genotype is not born out. (2) In most cases, a number of genetically distinct clones are present in each population, and they show a strong differential distribution in heterogeneous environments, indicating an effective exploitation of the available resources. (3) Most cases of asexual propagation are reproductive strategies of their own and not escape mechanisms. (4) The mechanisms underlying asexual propagation are complex and involve many aspects of the life history. The great variety of types among aquatic oligochaetes offer particularly useful models for the study of these problems.
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  • 12
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; parthenogenesis ; experiment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ability of tubificids to reproduce parthenogenetically following or in place of bisexual reproduction has been proved. During parthenogenesis the spermatogenesis ceases at an early stage of sexual cell development, which, together with some peculiarities of the structure of the sexual system, rules out the possibility of self-fertilization in the worms. For two years of cultivation the life cycles of 3 parthenogenetic generations in Tubifex tubifex and 2 in Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were traced.
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  • 13
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 101-104 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; life-cycle ; aquarial cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The maximum lifetime of species with exclusively sexual reproduction covers 5–15 years or even more in aquaria, although most specimens die consecutively earlier. The zooids of paratomic species live some weeks or months, their clones usually less than a year, rarely for some years. In the species with facultative architomy (fragmentation) the clonal age also exceeds that of the individual, both lasting for several years. The actual lifetime of worms in nature may be shorter than in cultures.
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  • 14
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 105-107 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Naididae ; growth ; experimental
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The peculiarities of the growth in weight and length of Stylaria lacustris (L.) on the basis of observations in experimental vessels are considered. The growth of this species fits a parabolic curve. The equations relating weight to absolute growth rate as well as weight to duration of life are given.
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  • 15
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 109-112 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Psammoryctides barbatus ; growth ; cocoon production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The tubificid Psammoryctides barbatus is common in the sediments of English chalk streams. The species is primarily a spring and summer breeder with the most intense period of reproduction from April to June throughout its distribution in the river. Recruitment of juveniles takes place chiefly from June to August and most of the worms attain maturity in the following spring. In culture at 15 °C worms had attained 38 mm within 90 days of hatching and showed early signs of maturity. Growth rates and rates of cocoon production in culture are presented.
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  • 16
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; eutrophication ; oxygen demand ; population dynamics ; zoobenthos of lakes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The paper attempts to combine the low oxygen content of the hypolimnion during stratification and the oxygen uptake of zoobenthos. Data of declining oxygen content in the hypolimnion and critical limits of respiration are combined for Chironomus anthracinus, Potamothrix hammoniensis and three species of Pisidium, P. casertanum, P. subtruncatum and P. henslowanum. The respiratory adaptation to low oxygen content influences both growth and population dynamics of the different species. The results have important bearing on eutrophication of the Lake Esrom ecosystem and temperate eutrophic lakes in general as well as the composition of profundal zoobenthos and its population dynamics.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; experimental ; density regulation ; bionomic strategies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory research on the tubificids Psammoryctides barbatus and Spirosperma ferox was done. Embryonic development time, growth, time required to attain the first cocoon laying and egg production were estimated at different temperatures and population densities. The results allow us to demonstrate some intrinsic density regulation mechanisms in the profundal tubificid communities and substantiate the hypothesis that the succession from oligotrophic to eutrophic species in the profundal of lakes undergoing eutrophication is mainly based on their biotic characteristics.
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  • 18
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 131-138 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; benthos ; eutrophication ; indicator communities ; lake ; tubificid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In 1978–80, oligochaete communities of meso-eutrophic Lake Léman (Lake of Geneva) were compared to those of mesotrophic Lake Neuchâtel. Worm species were classified into three groups corresponding to their increasing tolerance to eutrophication: (1) oligotrophic species, mostly Peloscolex velutinus, Stylodrilus heringianus; (2) mesotrophic species, mostly Potamothrix vejdovskyi, P. bedoti; (3) eutrophic species, mostly Potamothrix hammoniensis, P. heuscheri, Tubifex tubifex. In both lakes, eutrophic species constituted the bulk of the communities in terms of absolute abundance. However, relative abundance of mesotrophic and eutrophic species was higher in Lake Léman; oligotrophic species were more important in Lake Neuchâtel. These data confirmed the trophic classification of lakes based on chemical parameters. The number of zero values, which perturbated statistical analysis, was reduced by using species groupings instead of isolated species. Thus, making the lakes more comparable even if different species were present in each one. Relative density values based on all samples were distributed among 4 density classes for the 3 species groupings. The 12 resulting frequencies described the community structure expressed in terms of eutrophication. Furthermore, these frequencies may be used for comparison of eutrophication levels in several lakes.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; pollution ; indicators ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A series of recent studies have been completed by the authors involving: 1) determining the lethal tolerances of 12 oligochaete species classified (from ecological studies) as tolerant, moderately tolerant and intolerant to selected chemical toxicants and environmental factors under defined bioassay conditions with and without sediment; 2) determining lethal tolerances of candidate species to toxicants in combination with a range of abiotic factors; 3) measuring respiratory stress imposed by exposure to individual and combined sublethal concentrations of toxicants and environmental factors; and, 4) determining differences in lethal tolerance and respiratory stress between individual and mixed species. Surprisingly few previous studies have been done in this area considering the importance of oligochaetes as field pollution indicators. The results of the above major studies coupled with histopathological work are reviewed. Data from these studies substantiate the present use of oligochaete species assemblages as indicators of organic pollution and suggest their use in the laboratory for toxicant screening tests. The range of responses of different oligochaete species to individual and combined stress is complex, particularly in mixed species, which provides useful indications of specific stress factors. The application of these experimental laboratory studies to field situations is described.
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  • 20
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 153-158 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; long term changes ; population dynamics ; polychaetes ; recruitment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Weekly sampling over a two year period from a muddy sand bottom in the polyhaline York River, Virginia, U.S.A., clearly identified the pattern of recruitment and survival of the dominant annelid species. Three intermingled recruitment strategies and two survival patterns were observed, ranging from the classic opportunistic life style of mass recruitment over short time periods followed by mass mortality to prolonged recruitment with lower mortality. Qualitatively the annelid assemblage was very similar from year to year with most of the changes being quantitative. Oligochaetes, Tubificoides spp., were the most stable and characteristic members of the annelid assemblage.
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  • 21
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 145-152 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; benthos ; principal component analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The application of principal component analysis to two types of habitat (the benthos of macrophytes and of central river bed) enabled us to single out some of the factors that affect the dynamics and the structure of the oligochaete population and its various reactions to environmental conditions. As regards macrophytes, the distribution of the variables on the basis of the first component is correlated, to a certain extent, with a seasonal factor without any significant differences among sites. The largest population is most closely correlated with the summer months. In fact, we found that the Naididae and Tubificidae species generally develop in larger numbers at higher temperatures. For the Tubificidae, we could detect a precise seasonal cycle. In the central river bed habitat, the first component was correlated with the river discharge, which determines the granulometric characteristics of the sediment; we noticed a correlation among the sites that have the same characteristics, regardless of sampling site or date. The species which correlate most closely among themselves are the Tubificidae Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, L. udekemianus and L. profundicola, which are very characteristic of environments that contain abundant organic matter. The second component is correlated with temperature, and hence with the availability of oxygen, which determines the presence and the abundance of more sensitive species.
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  • 22
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 159-170 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Enchytraeidae ; environmental parameters ; ordination techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Enchytraeidae are essentially terrestrial oligochaetes but many species have marked aquatic tendencies. Over two thirds of recorded Irish species were found in soils which were submerged or frequently flooded and 35% showed a distinct preference for these conditions. Relatively few species were living in soils subject to drought. Red blood was present in 28 species, all but one from soils with more than 55% water. Cognettia sphagnetorum and C. glandulosa developed red blood in very wet conditions. In a survey of Irish wetlands, samples were taken from bog, heath, marsh, fen, margins of lakes and rivers, and saltmarsh. The influence of various environmental parameters was determined using ordination techniques. Magnesium and pH were found to be the most important factors. A high level of magnesium distinguished coastal sites and pH 5.2 separated two clusters representing acid peat and marsh-fen-aquatic sites. Groups of indicator species characterized each of the three clusters. The ecological distribution of the indicator species is described, and their usefulness in classifying enchytraeid communities is discussed.
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  • 23
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; diversity ; respiration ; production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Data are presented concerning an investigation into the diversity, abundance, production and respiration of the oligochaete fauna in the eutrophic, polymictic Lake Zbechy and in a melioration canal in the Wielkopolska Region, an area of intensive agriculture. It was found that in the canal the average biomass of oligochaetes was about four times higher than in the lake. Oligochaetes expend 1.1–4 times more energy in respiration than in tissue production. Species diversity and species number are positively correlated, while the correlation between diversity and abundance is negative.
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  • 24
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 175-182 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; biotypology ; French upper Rhône
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Within a framework of interdisciplinary research, a biotypological trial of the epigean and underground fauna (Oligochaeta and Aphanoneura) of the alluvial plain of the French upper Rhône is proposed, according to the partition of this hydrographic complex into superficial and subterranean functional sets.
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  • 25
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 183-186 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; water quality ; bioindication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using as examples water bodies in different geographical zones (Lake Ladoga, the River Sukhona, shallow-water ponds of the North Caucasus) the known methods of water quality evaluation by means of oligochaetes are considered. There is no unique universal method of pollution bioindication in. this way. In water bodies of all types the mass development of oligochaetes and the reduction of their species diversity are indications of. (1) large quantities of organic matter; (2) favourable oxygen regime; (3) absence or insignificant quantity of heavy metal solids, petroleum substances and agricultural chemicals; (4) intensive self-purification of the water body.
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  • 26
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 187-190 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Lumbricomorpha ; biology of aquatic earthworms ; breeding of aquatic earthworms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Twelve species of aquatic earthworms have been found in European inland waters where they occupy different environments. Two species live exclusively in the sapropel, that is in the black fetid asphyctic mud, while four species can be found either in the sapropel or in the more oxygenated gyttja. The remaining species prefer this type of soil, but Eisenia spelaea in Italy lives only within submerged litter in mountain streams. The biology of these earthworms is discussed and the possibility of their utilization by man is considered.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Naididae ; Tubificidae ; Israel & Sinai distribution ; habitat characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nineteen species of Naididae and fourteen species of Tubificidae were found in collections from inland waters in Israel and Sinai. The local distribution patterns of the majority of these species were determined. The ranges of several physical and chemical variables characterizing the habitats of each species were defined. A correlation was found between the distribution patterns of some species and the following variables: salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, current velocities and stability of the habitats.
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  • 28
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 191-196 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The specific and generic diversities of the marine Tubificidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) of the NE Pacific are compared to those of the NE and NW Atlantic as well as to those of Heron Island, Australia. Diversity in the NE Pacific is relatively high when compared to that of the NE Atlantic. The Tubificidae of the NW Atlantic (limited to the eastern coast of the USA) show two distinct zoogeographic regions: Florida to Cape Hatteras; Cape Hatteras to Massachusetts. Diversity, both in terms of the number of species and number of genera, is approximately the same in these two regions, and is similar to that of both the NE Pacific and Heron Island. Evidence suggests that the widespread marine species, in particular Tubificoides pseudogaster, have a range of morphotypes across their distributions. The apparent wide distributions of these species may be due to a taxonomy unable to resolve the differences between the morphotypes. The tubificid oligochaete fauna of the NE Atlantic appears impoverished compared to the other regions examined. The NE Pacific, NW Atlantic, and Heron Island regions are not dominated by one group of species while the NE Atlantic fauna is dominated by Tubificoides benedeni and Clitellio arenarius.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificidae ; Enchytraeidae ; zoogeography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of material collected along the Ligurian, Tyrrhenian, Ionic and Adriatic coasts of Italy, a tentative list of 26 species (18 tubificids, 8 enchytraeids) of marine Oligochaeta is presented. Most of the species are new to science, and it can therefore be concluded that there is a very high diversity of oligochaetes in the Mediterranean Sea.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; distribution according to sediment type
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper aims to describe the ecology and determine the distribution of Oligochaeta according to sediment type, depth and other environmental factors in 21 lakes of the National Park of the Lithuanian SSR. Diagrams are included showing the distribution of the lakes according to the index of density and biomass of Oligochaeta in the trophic structure of biocenosis of the zoobenthos. Light is thrown on the problem of sediment composition as a significant factor in the distribution and development of aquatic Oligochaeta.
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  • 31
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; fenland ; cluster analysis ; ecological groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A synoptic study of the aquatic ecosystems in the Dutch province of Overijssel revealed the presence of 33 oligochaete taxa in the fendland area of N.W. Overijssel. The material was collected at 101 sampling sites in 1981. Oligochaetes were grouped by means of a normal and inverse cluster analysis. Although most oligochaetes are quite biquitous, differences in occurrence and abundance were observed and related to minor differences in environmental parameters.
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  • 32
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 223-230 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; biogeography ; ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The profundal benthic fauna of 63 Spanish reservoirs was studied during 1972–75. Samples were taken in the deepest part of each reservoir with a modified Van Veen grab. The fauna was dominated by tubificid worms and chironomids. Sixteen species of Oligochaeta were found, two of them new for the Spanish fauna (Potamothrix heuscheri and Haber pyrenaicus). This was the first time H. pyrenaicus was found since the species was described in 1974 from the Pyrenees. Four species were frequent in the reservoirs (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, L. claparedeianus and Dero digitata) but only the first two were abundant as mature individuals. Another interesting fact is the high abundance of immature animals in all samples, accounting for more than 80% of the total individuals examined. The geographical distribution of all species in Spain and their relationship with the typology of Spanish reservoirs are discussed. There seems to be a correlation between the throphic status of the reservoirs and the relative proportion of L. hoffmeisteri as compared to T. tubifex, the number of individuals of the first species increasing with water eutrophication.
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  • 33
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 15-17 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Lumbriculidae ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The rudimentary atria, and the posterior sperm funnels and sperm ducts, which occur in some species of the Lumbriculidae, are discussed. It is shown that the posterior location of funnels and sperm ducts is the result of a forward shift of the atria, which refutes Stephenson's supposition that the Lumbriculidae is the most archaic family of the present-day Oligochaeta.
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  • 34
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    Hydrobiologia 115 (1984), S. 3-13 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; oligochaete spermatozoa ; acrosome ; electron microscopy ; phenetics ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spermatozoal ultrastructure of nine oligochaete families has been examined for congruence with phylogenetic and taxonomic systems for the Oligochaeta based on general morphology, particularly the holomorphological hennigian analysis of Jamieson (1978a, 1980, 1983). Estimation of congruence has been made following phenetic and cladistic (phylogenetic) analysis. Correspondence, in phenograms and phylograms, of sperm types with taxonomic and phylogenetic groupings previously recognized is generally good. Departure from this rule in the similarity of the phreodrilid sperm to that of the Lumbricina suggests a corresponding alteration of fertilization biology in the phreodrilids. The results indicate that the Haplotaxidae lie at the base of the opisthopores though they do not unequivocally contraindicate acceptance of a Haplotaxis like form as a stem form of the Haplotaxida (opisthopores and Haplotaxidae) and Tubificida. An even more basal position for prosopores, now represented by the Lumbriculida, cannot yet be dismissed.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic Oligochaeta ; Tubificinae ; phylogeny ; taxonomy ; chitinous penis sheaths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Setae and chitinous penis sheaths are the main characters used to distinguish genera and species of the subfamily Tubificinae. Genital setae and penis sheaths are of functional importance to facilitate copulation. Similar structures in different genera may be homologous or products of parallel evolution (homoiologous). Form and dimensions of the penis sheaths of many tubificine species are very variable. Transspecific overlap of quantitative species characters can make the determination of specimens in the genus Limnodrilus difficult. The configuration of the distal ends of the penis sheaths is an important character to distinguish Limnodrilus species. The definition of the intraspecific variability of this morphological character is problematic.
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