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  • Articles  (28)
  • Hordeum vulgare
  • 1980-1984  (28)
  • 1945-1949
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (28)
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  • Articles  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appresoorium formation of Puccinia hordei on partially resistant barley and two non-host species (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 87 (1981), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; leaf rust ; horizontal resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Eén van de componenten van partiële resistentie van gerst tegen dwergroest,Puccinia hordei, is een verminderde infectiedichtheid. Het mechanisme, dat hieraan ten grondslag ligt, is onbekend. Een experiment werd uitgevoerd om na te gaan of bij partieel resistente rassen een verminderde appressoriumvorming optreedt. Na inoculatie in een inoculatietoren en een zorgvuldig uitgevoerde incubatie werd het aantal huidmondjes per cm2 bladoppervlak bepaald dat bezet was door appressoria vanP. hordei. De elf weinig vatbare gerstlijnen uit deze studie bleken niet reproduceerbaar te verschillen van de zeer vatbare gerstlijn L94 in de mate van appressoriumbezetting. Dit wijst erop dat infectiedichtheidsverschillen t.g.v. partiële resistentie veroorzaakt worden door mechanismen die werken na de appressoriumvorming. In een tweede experiment werd aangetoond dat zelfs op de niet-waardsoort tarwe, waaropP. hordei geen symptomen veroorzaakt, niet minder appressoria worden gevormd dan op L94. Op een sla-genotype trad echter geen appressoriumvorming op. Op deze laatste niet-waardsoort ontbreken waarschijnlijk de stimuli die de schimmel in staat stellen huidmondjes te vinden.
    Notes: Abstract One of the components of partial resistance of barley to leaf rust,Puccinia hordei, is a reduced infectibility. It was investigated whether this low infectibility may rest on a hampered appressorium formation of the leaf rust fungus. The appressorium formation on the primary leaves of 11 barley genotypes with an intermediate-to-low infectibility was compared with that on the highly infectible L94. The number of stomata per cm2 leaf area occupied by appressoria ofP. hordei was determined per genotype by means of fluorescence microscopy. No cosistent differences could be detected, indicating that the mechanisms causing a low infectibility of partially resistant barley seedlings act at a phase later than the formation of the appressoria. On the non-host wheat not fewer appressoria were formed than on L94, but no appressoria were found on a lettuce genotype. The latter probably lacks the stimuli that enable the fungus to find stomata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01976986
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the osmotic potential and specific ion concentration of the nutrient solution on the uptake and reduction of nitrate by barley seedlings (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Chloride ; Hordeum vulgare ; Nitrate reduction ; Nitrate uptake ; Osmotic potential ; Salinity ; Salt excess ; Transpiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Short-term absorption experiments were conducted with intact barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings to observe the effects of the osmotic potential (Ψπ) and salt species on nitrate uptake andin vivo nitrate reduction. The experiments consisted of growing barley seedlings for 5 days in complete nutrient solutions salinized to (Ψπ) levels of −0.6, −1.8, −3.0, −4.2, and −5.4 bars with NaCl, CaCl2 or Na2SO4. After the absorption period, the seedlings were separated into shoots and roots, weighed, then analyzed for NO3. The nutrient solutions were sampled for NO3 analysis each day immediately before renewing the solutions. The accumulative loss of NO3 from the solutions was considered to be uptake whereas NO3 reduction was the difference between uptake and seedling content. Lowering the (Ψπ) of the nutrient solutions resulted in decreased concentrations of NO3 in the plant, little or no effect (except at the lowest (Ψπ) level) on uptake, and increased nitrate reductase activity. Increased rates of NO3 reduction were in particular associated with the Cl concentration of the nutrient solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Root growth and calcium uptake in relation to calcium concentration (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Ca concentration ; Ca uptake ; Climate chamber ; Greenhouse ; Hordeum vulgare ; Root growth ; Split root method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The purpose of the present work has been to investigate the influence of calcium supply on root growth in barley. The plants were grown in pots, in which the upper part was a sand-perlite mixture and the lower part a test solution with varying calcium concentration (10−6–10−2 M CaCl2). The two parts were separated by a peat layer impeding a calcium transport from the upper to the lower part. The growth of the roots in the test media was examined daily by counting the total number of roots and the number of roots with laterals. The development of the number of roots had an exponential course at all calcium concentrations and was enhanced by increased calcium concentration. At harvest it was found that the size of the roots (length and dry weight) decreased with decreasing calcium concentration to a certain extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450366
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tolerance of spring barley cultivars to leaf rust, Puccinia hordei (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; leaf rust ; brown rust ; tolerance ; cultivars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fifteen spring barley cultivars were evaluated in two years for their tolerance to leaf rust, Puccinia hordei. The consistency between the results obtained in the two experiments was rather poor. The most tolerant cultivars produced low seed yields, the least tolerant ones high seed yields. A strongly negative relationship existed between harves-index and tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pollination bag type on seed quality and size in Hordeum inter- and intraspecific hybridization (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 439-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum bulbosum ; bulbous barleygrass ; seed quality ; crossing bag
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of different spike covering materials have been investigated in crosses between Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum and in selfed H. vulgare. It was found that after lemmas and paleas were clipped, improvements in seed quality (H. vulgare × H. bulbosum) and weight (selfed H. vulgare) were obtained by covering heads with small brown paper bags compared with other treatments. Possible reasons for these effects are discussed but so far the mechanism has not been clarified. However, light is suggested as playing a major role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021661
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should selection for yield in saline regions be made on saline or non-saline soils? (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; T. turgidum ; durum wheat ; X Triticosecale ; triticale ; salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Saline soils are typically very patchy in their salinity. The yield of crops growing on them is similarly patchy. This paper argues that because most of the yield from such soils comes from the least saline areas, the best breeding strategy for improving the overall yield of crops growing on them is to select for high yield on non-saline soils. This conclusion derives from comparing the effects that four different breeding goals, namely: (1) a 10% increase in yield on non-saline soils, (ii) a 20% increase in the threshold salinity that first reduces yield, (iii) a doubling of yield at an electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 20 dS/m and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii), would have on total yield. The effects of achieving these goals in barley, common wheat, durum wheat and triticale in fields exhibiting different salinities are predicted from actual yields of these species grown on different salinities in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021452
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of genotype on doubled haploid barley production (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 863-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum bulbosum ; bulbous barleygrass ; haploid embryos ; doubled haploids ; genotype influence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crosses were made between five cultivars of Hordeum vulgare and three genotypes of H. bulbosum and the influence of male and female partners on success rates up to the stage of haploid embryo culture was investigated. Both parents markedly affected seed setting and rates of embryo differentiation, whereas seed quality was mainly influenced by the female. There was an interaction between certain genotypes when overall embryo culture rates were analysed. Following embryo culture only the influence of the female partner was assessed but differences were found between the H. vulgare cultivars regarding rates of hybrid (VB) production and chromosome doubling whereas total plant regeneration was unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042168
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An alternative approach to breeding for high diastatic power in barley (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 919-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; diastatic power ; amylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Several lines from the cross Akka x Feebar were observed to have β-amylase activity considerably in excess of either parent. It is suggested that, from crosses between two-rowed and six-rowed varieties, two-rowed genotypes with enhanced levels of grain nitrogen and β-amylase activity may be obtained. These can be successfully exploited in a breeding programme to produce barley varities with high diastic power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042174
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haploid barley from the intergeneric cross Hordeum vulgare x Psathyrostachys fragilis (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 363-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Psathyrostachys fragilis ; intergeneric hybridization ; chromosome elimination ; haploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The intergeneric hybrid Hordeum vulgare x Psathyrostachys fragilis was fairly easily obtained. During each growing season the intermediate, perennial hybrid yielded haploid tillers of H. vulgare. Late in one season few, hybrid tillers headed. The morphology, cytology and enzymatic patterns of hybrid and haploid tillers were investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021133
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field screening of simulated segregating barley populations for resistance to scald (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 903-906 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Rhynchosporium secalis ; scald ; field resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Simulated segregating barley populations were screened for resistance to scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in the field at commercial seeding rates. A reduction in infection on the susceptible component occurred with increasing proportions of resistant genotypes. Similar trends were seen in space planted experiments but the use of susceptible buffer rows counteracted the effect, enhanced the infection in susceptible plants and greatly improved discrimination between resistant and susceptible. These results have been applied to the routine testing of F2 populations in the barley breeding programme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021919
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased uptake of anions by plants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Anion uptake ; Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus ; pH Rhizosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In two field experiments sown in 1982 to test the effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of (i) spring wheat and spring barley, (ii) winter wheat and winter barley, we measured the concentrations of the major cation (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+) and anions (Cl−, SO4 2−, H2PO4 − and NO3 −) in shoot tissue. In all cases the sum of the anion concentrations (ΣA) was increased strongly by mycorrhizal infection but not by P additions, confirming earlier observations2 on spring wheat. The concentration of total cations (ΣA) was generally reduced by P additions, hence P and VAM both reduced the cation excess (ΣC−ΣA) but by different mechanisms. These results suggest that increased uptake of anions by plants with VAM may be a general phenomenom which would have important implications for the elemental composition of crops. The effect may also be manifested by other types of mycorrhizal association.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182687
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial responses to salt-induced osmotic stress (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 73 (1983), S. 211-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Barley ; Carbohydrates ; Exudates ; Hordeum vulgare ; Proteins ; Salinity ; Salt ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of salt stress on levels of soluble carbohydrate, amino acids and proteins in the shoots, roots and exudates of barley were studied under sterile conditions using balanced and unbalanced, high-salt solutions at −500, −1000 and −1500 kPa of osmotic stress. Moderate and severe stress with the unbalanced, high-sodium solutions proved toxic to barley, but plants exposed to the low-sodium, balanced solutions remained green and the stems remained turgid after 7 days of treatment. Both types of salinity increased the content of soluble carbohydrate in the shoots at all levels of stress and in the roots at −500 and −1000 kPa of stress. Carbohydrate in the exudates increased over 20-fold in response to balanced stress, but an apparent 3-fold increase in the exudates from the unbalanced treatments was not significant. Sucrose, glucose and fructose remained the principal sugars in the roots and shoots regardless of the type or intensity of stress, but their relative contents varied with treatment. Galactose, maltose, ribose and rhamnose were the major sugars in all exudates. Protein contents in the tissues fell at each level of balanced and unbalanced stress, but significant changes in protein were not detected in the exudates. Stress increased the size of the free amino acid pool in the shoots; however, it stimulated the reverse trend in the roots. With the exception of the −500 kPa low-sodium treatment, stress also induced a marked decline in the free amino acid content of the exudates, thus initiating a major limitation on the supply of a key group of metabolites in the rhizosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197717
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Total denitrification and the ratio between N2O and N2 during the growth of spring barley (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 76 (1984), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Denitrification ; Hordeum vulgare ; N2 ; N2O
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Total denitrification (N2O+N2) and nitrous oxide emission were measured on intact soil cores using the acetylene inhibition technique. Total denitrification from the depth 0–8 cm during the growth period from April to August was 7 kg N/ha from plots supplied with 30 kg N/ha and 19 kg N/ha from plots supplied with 120 kg N/ha. The amounts of precipitation, plant growth, and N application were found to affect the denitrification rate. These factors also affected the ratio (N2O+N2)/N2O, which varied from 1.0 to 7.2. Plant growth and precipitation increased the proportion of N2 produced, whereas a high nitrate content increased the proportion of N2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205582
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Did continued separate maintenance breeding of ‘Zephyr’ barley result in sub-cultivars? (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 17-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; maintenance breeding ; sub-cultivars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary It was investigated whether separate maintenance breeding during 12 years of three stocks of ‘Zephyr’ barley had an effect on the yielding ability and other characteristics. Trials carried out on two sites and over two years showed that the stocks were still morphologically identical and produced the same yield. Apparently the long lasting separate maintenace of the three stocks had no effect on the genetical composition for morphology and yielding ability. ‘Zemir’, the French stock of ‘Zephyr’ headed two days earlier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037244
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Attempts to overcome partial incompatibility between Hordeum vulgare L. and H. bulbosum L. (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 369-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum bulbosum ; bulbous barley grass ; interspecific cross ; incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Partial incompatibility has already been reported between Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum during the course of doubled haploid production, and in this paper attempts to overcome the breeding barrier are described. The methods which seem to offer most success are those of environmental adjustments and the adoption of new genotypes of H. bulbosum. Further cultivars of H. vulgare exhibiting this phenomenon are also noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025135
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  • 16
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    Transgressive segregation in inter and intraspecific crosses of barley (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 585-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum spontaneum ; wild barley ; interspecific crosses ; harvest index ; grain yield ; effective factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Six populations of F2-derived lines of barley and their parents were evaluated for heading date, plant height, grain yield, bundle weight, and harvest index in a replicated experiment in the field. These data were used to estimate the minimum number of effective factor pairs segregating for each trait, the number of favorable factors contributed by each parent in a cross, and the frequencies and magnitudes of transgressive segregates. Heading date, plant height, and harvest index were controlled by three to four effective factor pairs, whereas grain yield and bundle weight were controlled by five or more. All three H. spontaneum strains used in our study contributed one or more useful genes for each of the traits, grain yield, heading date, plant height, bundle weight, and harvest index. Therefore, it seems that H. spontaneum can be a useful source of favorable genes for quantitative traits, especially for grain yield, which could be incorporated into barley varieties readily by backcrossing. Transgressive segregates for grain yield in the interspecific crosses may provide the basic materials for improving the productivity of cultivated barley varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023206
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Race-specific resistance and cultivar-specific virulence in the barley-leaf rust pathosystem and their consequences for the breeding of leaf rust resistant barley (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; leaf rust ; defeated genes ; ghost genes ; shadow genes ; polygenes ; partial resistance ; race-specific resistance ; low-infection types ; high-infection types ; virulence patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A range of leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) isolates was tested on a series of barley cultivars among which the differential series. No resistance to all isolates seems to exist in the cultivated barley. The barley cultivars appear to carry zero to two race-specific resistance (Pa) genes. The isolates carry from three to eight virulence factors from the eight or nine that could be evaluated. Isolates with wide virulence spectra were most common. The pattern with virulence to Pa, Pa2, Pa4, Pa5, Pa6, and Pa8, and avirulence to Pa3, Pa7 and Pa9 is very common and seems to have a near-global distribution. These isolates, however are not necessarily identical in genotype. Partial resistance and race-specific resistance appear idependently of one another in the various cultivars. The increased interest for breeding for race-specific resistance in this host-pahtogen system is on the long term considered a wrong strategy as it will considerably hamper the selection for partical resistance. This resistance is readily available in commercial cultivars and can protect barley from leaf rust damage in most situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021445
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  • 18
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    Plant regeneration from cultured embryos derived from Hordeum vulgare L. Pollinated with H. Bulbosum L. (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum bulbosum ; bulbous barley grass ; embryo culture ; haploids ; hybrids ; plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Plant regeneration rates from embryos derived from Hordeum vulgare x H. bulbosum were recorded over a 3 1/2 year period. % total plant regeneration (haploids + VB hybrids) varied to some extent but did not seem to be influenced by season or male parent. % VB production (and thus chromosome elimination) was however markedly affected by season and the genotype of the pollinator.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021471
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  • 19
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    A rapid method for the evaluation of variation in germplasm collections of cereals using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 877-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum ; Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; chemotypes ; electrophoresis ; variation ; prolamines ; gliadins ; hordeins ; electrophoregram ; genetic resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of storage proteins (prolamines) was used to screen 64 landraces of wheat and barley from Nepal and the YemenArab Republic and two cultivars for comparison. Altogether 3168 single seeds were examined and the advantages gained by using the vertical slab gel method were recognised. The extent of variation present within populations of landraces could be assessed easily and rapidly using the methods described. Differences in ploidy levels of wheats were detected by PAGE and investigated. Suggestions are made for improvements in sampling strategies in hilly terrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042169
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  • 20
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    The assessment of variation in two populations of Hordeum bulbosum L. for improving success rates in a doubled haploid barley programme (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 903-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum bulbosum ; bulbous barley grass ; haploid embryos ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Improvements in the success of doubled haploid production have been achieved partly by screening new accessions of Hordeum bulbosum. In order to assess levels of variation within stocks of this species, rates of embryo differentiation from the cross between H. vulgare × H. bulbosum were recorded for selections derived from two different stocks of H. bulbosum. There was little difference within stocks for this character despite variation in the morphology and banding patterns of two enzyme systems of one of the stocks. It is proposed that to obtain further increases in success rates a few selections from many accessions of H. bulbosum should be screened rather than many selections from a few stocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042172
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  • 21
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    Simultaneous selection of segregating two-row winter barley material in England and Italy (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 187-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; winter barley ; joint-selection ; adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Independent but simultaneous selection by two breeding teams of the same segregating two-row winter barley material at Cambridge, England and Fiorenzuola, Italy was carried out over the years 1978–1982 with the objective of comparing the individual selection of the two breeding teams and assessing the adaptation of the surviving selections. Visual selection in the generations F3 to F5 did not result in any clear cut compartmentalisation of the material and both teams were as likely to select from families previously selected only by the other team as from families they had themselves previously selected. Lines with specific adaptation to each site as well as lines well adapted to both sites were identified from yield trials carried out in F5 and F6. The former showed only a very small yield advantage over lines with general adaptation to both sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022765
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    Electronic Resource
    Interplot interference and the assessment of barley cultivars for partial resistance to leaf rust, Puccinia hordei (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 685-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; leaf rust ; interplot interference ; partial resistance ; wind borne ; leaf pathogens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The barley cultivars Akka, highly susceptible, and ‘Vada’, partially resistant to barley leaf rust, Puccinia hordei, were evaluated for the amount of leaf rust in five experimental field plot situations over three successive years. The field plot situations were: A) plots well isolated from each other by distance and non-leaf rust contributing host plants; B) adjacent plots of 4×41/2 m (18 rows); C) adjacent plots of 4×11/2 m (6 rows); D) adjacent plots of 4×1/4 m (1 row); E) adjacent plots of only one plant (cultivar mixtures). The sporulating leaf area of each plot was measured from samples of 20 tillers taken at random from each plot. In each year the difference in sporulating area between ‘Akka’ and ‘Vada’ was large to very large in the absence of interplot interference in the isolated plots, ranging from 150 to 2100 times. In the adjacent plots the partial resistance of ‘Vada’ was greatly underestimated, 5 to 16 times in the situation B, 14 to 30 times in C, and 75 to 130 times in D and E. Testing lines or cultivars in adjacent plots is the standard procedure in use in breeding programs and in tests of cultivars for their agricultural value. To avoid such under estimation the following procedure is suggested. A few cultivars representing the known range of partial resistance and whose level of partial resistance is well known are evaluated together with the lines and cultivars whose partial resistance has to be assessed. This is demonstrated with a number of cultivars of which resistance values are know from the recommended variety lists for England and Wales. Cultivars have been assessed in Wageningen over four years together with the check cultivars Akka, Sultan, Julia and Vada representing the range of partial resistance with values (on a 1 to 10 scale) of 1, 3–4, 7 and 8 respectively, based on isolated plots experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021896
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating resistance of barley breeding lines to scald in field plots (1984)
    Springer
    Euphytica 33 (1984), S. 897-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Rhynchosporium secalis ; scald ; field reaction ; resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 0–4 scoring system to quantify scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) infection is suggested. Scores 1, 2, 3 and 4 allocated to represent 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 4/4 of the crop canopy scalded are easy to comprehend and intermediate scores e.g. 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 give it the breadth of a quantitative scale. Scores on a large number of lines showed a high degree of repeatability and were found to be highly correlated with the log transformed values of the actual leaf area damage. Although it was suggested that predictions of leaf area damage at scores 3–4 should be applied with caution, broad generalization of the scores in discriminating the amount of disease were shown to be soundly based and offered plant breeders a tool to standardize the evaluation of scald resistance in field plots on a large scale with this quick and reliable scoring system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021918
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotypic and environmental influence upon the nutritional composition of barley grain (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 719-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; starch ; dietary fiber ; protein ; genotype ; environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The grain yield and contents of the quantitatively predominant nutritional constituents of barley grain were determined in nine adapted spring barley varieties each grown at seven European locations with three or four replications. The largest variation in nutritional composition was due to different environmental conditions, but genotypic effects were also present. Interactions between genotype and environment were small. The average protein content at different locations varied from 8.1 to 14.7 per cent of the grain dry matter, and was not simply related to the amount of fertilizer-N applied. The nutritional composition of the grain was influenced by the grain yield level. The percentage of dietary fiber and protein decreased with increasing grain yield, but some varietal differences which were independent of the grain yield level could be established. The protein quality depended upon the protein level, as the protein contained more prolamin relatively to non-prolamin protein at high than at low protein levels. A difference between two varieties in the prolamin/non-prolamin ratio was consistent over a wide range of variation in protein content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038800
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exploitable genetic variation in a composite bulk population of barley (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; genetic variation ; composite population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Advanced agricultures are characterized by a great increase in the adoptation of uniform crop cultivars associated with a drastic reduction in locally adapted variation, the plant breeders should also examine means of creating and conserving genetic resources. Composite cross breeding is a technique that creates and preserves genetic variation in an exploitable form. The merits and problems of this method were discussed. using data obtained from barley Composite Cross XXI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028309
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and mineral composition of barley and wheat across sequences of Solonetzic soil (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mineral composition ; Na−K interaction ; Solonetzic soil ; Solonetz-Solod sequence ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The growth and mineral composition of barley and wheat was measured across sequences of Solonetz and Solod soils. Growth of both species, along with root penetration was reduced on the Solonetz compared to the Solod soil. Mineral composition of the foliage and roots indicated that a Na−K interaction was present for the barley across the Solonetz-Solod sequences. Such factors were considered to be characteristics of soil—plant relationships on Solonetzic soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143613
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in partial resistance of barley to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC F.SP. hordei Marchal) after chemomutagenesis. II. Reaction of mutants to pathotypes (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 755-768 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei ; powdery mildew ; partial resistance ; induced mutants ; laevigatum resistance ; isolates ; virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seedlings of 45 barley mutants with partial resistance in the field and their parental cultivars Asse, Bomi, and Vada were exposed to six local and two foreign races of powdery mildew, in climatically controlled cabinets. Infectability, pustule size, infection grade, and infection type were estimated. No mutant did demonstrate strong race-specific reactions although some race-specific interactions of moderate grade could be detected. The results of infection of mutants with single races confirmed the quantitative character of their change in resistance determined in the earlier field assessments. The 20 investigated mutants with increased resistance expressed a lower level of disease with each of the used races. Out of the 10 mutants with higher susceptibility in the field, 4 mutants again exhibited higher degrees of infection over all the different races, while the remaining 6 mutants were not distinguishable from the original cultivar under the given growing conditions. Out of the tested 14 developmentally resistant mutants, only the 5 genotypes with different seedling reaction could be analyzed for race-specificity in this study. In all the above cases as the result of one gene mutation, quantitative shifts in level of infection were recorded over all the 8 races. Qualitative estimates of infection type were supported by data on the frequency of chlorotic or necrotic lesions and green islands on the infected leaves. But quantitative methods of assessment, e.g. infection frequency and pustule size, were more effective in studying partial resistance of the mutants. Infection grade, estimated visually 14 days after inoculation, was in agreement with the quantitative parameters accurately measured 7 days after inoculation. Therefore, its careful use can be recommended to speed the screening by narrowing down the materials. Differences in virulence level of the races were observed and their influence on race-specificity studies was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023223
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype-environment interactions for predicting the breeding value of bi-parental crosses in spring barley (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; cross prediction ; heterosis ; genetic variance ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crosses in spring barley between parental combinations classified by their G x E interactions as ‘similar’ or ‘dissimilar’ were compared for both the expression of heterosis in F1 and for the amount of variation released in F2. Such classification could not reliably identify the most heterotic F1 hybrids, but F2 variation was generally higher in the ‘dissimilar’ cross combinations. Examination of yield components of parental and F2 populations further showed that yield of single plants was affected primarily by tiller number, which was generally not heritable in F2. Single plant selection was suggested to be most useful when based on grain number per ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036887
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