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  • Articles  (24)
  • Nitrogen  (13)
  • Hordeum vulgare  (11)
  • 1980-1984  (24)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1983  (24)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (24)
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  • Articles  (24)
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  • 1980-1984  (24)
  • 1945-1949
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Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by rice-wheat double cropping system as affected by duration of rice variety, methods of planting rice and levels and sources of nitrogen (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Neem cake coated urea ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Rice ; Rice-wheat ; Sulphur coated urea ; Urea ; Urea briquette
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Removal of NPK in the rice-wheat double cropping system was studied in a field experiment conducted for two crop years (1977–79) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The double cropping system producing 8×103 kg/ha/yr grain (4.5×103 kg rice and 3.5×103 kg wheat) removed 166 kg N, 35 kg P and 174 kg K per hectare per year. Thus the rice-wheat double cropping system heavily depletes the soils of their NPK content and calls for balanced fertilization for continued high production. NPK removal was higher when a 135-day duration rice variety was grown than when a 105-day duration variety was grown, because the former resulted in overall (rice + wheat) more grains and straw. Similarly grain and straw yield and NPK removal was more with transplanted rice than when sprouted rice seeds were sown on puddled seedbed; the latter method was in turn superior to direct drilling. Use of urea briquette, neem cake coated urea and sulphur coated urea gave higher yields and resulted in removal of more NPK than prilled urea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374787
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen nutrition, photosynthesis and carbon allocation in ectomycorrhizal pine (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 415-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Carbon allocation ; Light Mycorrhizas ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Photosynthesis ; Pinus contorta ; Pinus taeda ; Pisolithus tinctorius ; Respiration ; Source-sink ; Suillus granulatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Studies examined net photosynthesis (Pn) and dry matter production of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizalPinus taeda at 6 intervals over a 10-month period. Pn rates of mycorrhizal plants were consistently greater than nonmycorrhizal plants, and at 10 months were 2.1-fold greater. Partitioning of current photosynthate was examined by pulse-labelling with14CO2 at each of the six time intervals. Mycorrhizal plants assimilated more14CO2, allocated a greater percentage of assimilated14C to the root systems, and lost a greater percentage of14C by root respiration than did nonmycorrhizal plants. At 10 months, the quantity of14CO2 respired by roots per unit root weight was 3.6-fold greater by mycorrhizal than nonmycorrhizal plants. Although the stimulation of photosynthesis and translocation of current photosynthate to the root system by mycorrhiza formation was consistent with the source-sink concept of sink demand, foliar N and P concentrations were also greater in mycorrhizal plants. Further studies examined Pn and dry matter production ofPinus contorta in response to various combinations of N fertilization (3, 62, 248 ppm), irradiance and mycorrhizal fungi inoculation. At 16 weeks of age, 6 weeks following inoculation with eitherPisolithus tinctorius orSuillus granulatus, Pn rates and biomass were significantly greater in mycorrhizal than nonmycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants had significantly greater foliar %P, but not %N, than did nonmycorrhizal plants. Fertilization with 62 ppm N resulted in greater mycorrhiza formation than either 3 or 248 ppm. Increased irradiance resulted in increased mycorrhiza formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182683
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agronomical and physiological aspects of the role of nitrogen in yield formation of cereals (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 75 (1983), S. 379-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Crop development ; Grain yield ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen dressing ; Nitrogen economy ; Nitrogen harvest-index ; Soil Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen exerts its influence on crop growth and grain yield in various ways. Early top dressings or a high level of soil nitrogen stimulate tiller formation and leaf growth, which results in an increase of shoot dry weight and leaf area index. Late top dressings promote the survival of ear-bearing tillers, grain set and leaf area duration. Nitrogen compounds for grain growth are mainly supplied by the vegetative aerial parts (65–80%); the remainder originating from uptake and relocation by the roots after anthesis. The proportion of the total amount of nitrogen present in the grains, the nitrogen harvest-index, centers around 0.78 under optimum conditions. The recommendations for nitrogen dressing are based on the amount of residual soil nitrogen and on the requirement of the crop in the given environment. Both components may vary considerably due to environmental constraints. Despite inaccuracies in the assessment of mineral nitrogen content of the soil and the predicted nitrogen requirement of the crop, the recommendations for splitting nitrogen dressing in winter wheat have considerably improved the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02369972
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Should selection for yield in saline regions be made on saline or non-saline soils? (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; T. turgidum ; durum wheat ; X Triticosecale ; triticale ; salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Saline soils are typically very patchy in their salinity. The yield of crops growing on them is similarly patchy. This paper argues that because most of the yield from such soils comes from the least saline areas, the best breeding strategy for improving the overall yield of crops growing on them is to select for high yield on non-saline soils. This conclusion derives from comparing the effects that four different breeding goals, namely: (1) a 10% increase in yield on non-saline soils, (ii) a 20% increase in the threshold salinity that first reduces yield, (iii) a doubling of yield at an electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 20 dS/m and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii), would have on total yield. The effects of achieving these goals in barley, common wheat, durum wheat and triticale in fields exhibiting different salinities are predicted from actual yields of these species grown on different salinities in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021452
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of genotype on doubled haploid barley production (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 863-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum bulbosum ; bulbous barleygrass ; haploid embryos ; doubled haploids ; genotype influence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crosses were made between five cultivars of Hordeum vulgare and three genotypes of H. bulbosum and the influence of male and female partners on success rates up to the stage of haploid embryo culture was investigated. Both parents markedly affected seed setting and rates of embryo differentiation, whereas seed quality was mainly influenced by the female. There was an interaction between certain genotypes when overall embryo culture rates were analysed. Following embryo culture only the influence of the female partner was assessed but differences were found between the H. vulgare cultivars regarding rates of hybrid (VB) production and chromosome doubling whereas total plant regeneration was unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042168
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An alternative approach to breeding for high diastatic power in barley (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 919-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; diastatic power ; amylase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Several lines from the cross Akka x Feebar were observed to have β-amylase activity considerably in excess of either parent. It is suggested that, from crosses between two-rowed and six-rowed varieties, two-rowed genotypes with enhanced levels of grain nitrogen and β-amylase activity may be obtained. These can be successfully exploited in a breeding programme to produce barley varities with high diastic power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042174
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of N fertilisation on populations of fine roots and mycorrhizas in spruce humus (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Fertiliser ; Fine roots ; Mycorrhizas ; Nitrogen ; Picea sitchensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Fertilisation with N alters the numbers, biomass and seasonal pattern of activity of fine roots and mycorrhizas in spruce humus. Production and mortality decrease, and longevity increases. Fertilisation reduces mycorrhizal infection, alters the relative proportions of mycorrhizal types and permits the appearance of new types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182640
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant genotype differences in the uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of mineral elements required for plant growth (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 175-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Boron ; Calcium ; Copper ; Genotypic differences ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Mineral nutrition ; Molybdenum ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Plant adaptation ; Plant breeding ; Potassium ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plant genotypes differ in their uptake, translocation, accumulation, and use of mineral elements. Examples of genotype differences to iron, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, boron, copper, zinc, and molybdenum are discussed. Current knowledge is sufficient to indicate that many crop plants can be improved for the efficient use of mineral elements and better adaptation to mineral stress conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181957
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient inflows into apple roots (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Apple ; Calcium ; Copper ; Iron ; Irradiance ; Magnesium ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient uptake rate ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Scion effects ; Season ; Source of nitrogen ; Temperature ; Tissue nutrient level ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The rates of uptake of nutrients from solution by apple roots were measured (a) in a root laboratory, using intact roots of mature trees growing under field conditions and (b) in controlled environment using young trees. Maximum nitrate inflows into Discovery/M.9 roots under field conditions were only slightly lower than those into roots of the same genotype in controlled environment, but up to 80 times lower than those into roots of Worcester Pearmain seedlings. At any given external P concentration, P inflows into roots of field-grown trees were about 2.5-times lower than those into the roots of young trees in controlled environment. Nitrate inflows were constant above a solution concentration of 20 mmol m−3 in both field-grown and small trees. In both cases, phosphate inflows increased linearly with solution concentration up to 10 mmol m−3. Among the various plant and environmental factors influencing nutrient uptake characteristics of apple roots were: the scion genotype, tissue nutrient levels, root origin, the form in which N is supplied, level of irradiance of the shoot, root temperature and the season of the year. The effects of these factors are illustrated with examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182678
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient reserves in roots of fruit trees, in particular carbohydrates and nitrogen (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 401-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Carbohydrates ; Cultural factors ; Environment ; Fruit trees ; Nitrogen ; Reserves ; Seasonal pattern
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In trees, nutrient reserves built up in the previous year are of primary importance for early spring growth. Despite the relatively great importance of roots for nutrient storage, the root system should not be regarded as a special storage organ. Quantitatively, carbohydrates predominate in these reserves, but qualitatively N and other minerals are of more than minor significance. In roots carbohydrates are usually stored in insoluble form, mainly as starch; sorbitol is the predominant soluble compound in apple and peach. For nitrogen reserves, the soluble form predominates in roots, especially arginine in apple and peach, followed by asparagine. The level of reserves usually becomes maximal early in the winter. During leafing-out the reserves are drawn on until, later in the season, the supply of newly produced or absorbed nutrients exceeds the demand and replenishment occurs. The initial carbohydrate reserves do not determine the amount of new growth, whereas reserve nitrogen is of decisive importance for shoot growth vigour. Environmental factors such as light intensity and temperature affect the level of carbohydrates in roots; the concentration can be reduced by defoliation and summer pruning and increased by ample supply of nitrogen fertilizer in the autumn. The main cultural factors that influence nitrogen reserves are the amount and the time of nitrogen fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182682
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rationale of selection for specific nutritional characters in crop improvement withPhaseolus vulgaris L. as a case study (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acid soils ; Cation exchange capacity ; Fertilizer use ; Nitrogen ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Phosphorus ; Selection ; Soil stresses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Genetic effects are obtainable for any aspect of transport, accumulation, and efficiency of nutrient use by plants, and for virtually any element. Some of the important characters are: tolerance to acid soils (18% of soils or 2.4 billion ha), tolerance to high pH induced Fe-chlorosis, and tolerance to salinity (about 1,000 m ha). Genotypes which made better use of N and P would be the means of saving fertilizers, especially important to developing countries. A 10% economy of fertilizer use represents a minimum world saving of US$6 billion annually. Phaseolus vulgaris is taken as a model to show that although we know quite a lot about the extent of its nutritional variation, e.g. adaptability to acid soils, and the crop's utilization of N and P, we are handicapped in exploiting this because of lack of genetic information. This in turn depends on knowledge of specific mechanisms, and investigating these must be a priority.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181973
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use by corn, sunflower, and sugarbeet for the synthesis of organic matter (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 72 (1983), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Corn ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sugarbeet ; Sunflower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A three-year experiment was conducted in natural conditions on chernozem soil to examine the efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use by corn (C4 type), sunflower and sugarbeet (C3 type) grown in optimum conditions of mineral nutrition (N100P100K100 kg/ha). Plant materials were analysed for the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and dry matter mass per individual plant parts and the whole plant. Leaves of different age, of all three plant species, were analysed to find eventual differences in the efficiency of use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the synthesis of organic matter depending on leaf age. It was found that corn had the lowest concentration of the elements studied but the highest dry matter mass. In other words, corn was more efficient than sunflower or sugarbeet in the use of these elements for the synthesis of an organic matter unit. Such results were arrived at in both sets of analyses, i.e., the analyses of leaves performed in the course of ontogenetic plant development as well as the analyses of leaves of different age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181960
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gains and losses in soil nutrients associated with harvesting and burning eucalypt rainforest (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 437-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Burning controlled ; Calcium ; Carbon ; CEC ; Eucalyptus ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; N. mineralisation ; Potassium ; Rainforest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In mixed eucalypt/rainforest in southern Tasmania, samples of surface soil 0 to 2 cm, 2 to 5 cm, and 5 to 10 cm were taken from a clear-felled coupe before and after burning in 1982, from a similar coupe after burning in 1979, and from an uncut area adjacent to each coupe. Factors compared were bulk density; total organic C, N, P, Ca, Mg, and K; pH; exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K; cation exchange capacity; extractable P; and N-mineralisation rates. The effect of burning was found to be restricted mainly to the upper 2 cm of soil. The combustion of organic matter caused losses of 7360 kg organic C and 211 kg N/ha; 348 kg Ca and 282 kg Mg and 151 kg K/ha were added to the soil in ash. Burning caused significant increases in pH, exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K, and in extractable P; cation exchange capacity was reduced. In the 6 months after burning only K was leached from the upper 2 cm of soil. Equilibrium levels of NH4−N increased initially after the fire, but between 6 and 18 months, equilibrium levels and rate of production of NH4−N during anaerobic incubation in soil of burned coupes differed little from that in adjacent uncut forest. Rates of production of NO3−N during aerobic incubation were very low throughout the period of study. It is concluded that for soils developed on dolerite in mixed eucalypt/rainforest, a single regeneration burn probably improves the nutritional status of the soil. Nutrients lost from the area as particulate ash are in quantities that will probably be replaced in rainfall in 15 to 20 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181361
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on sulphur in vertisols (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Glycine max L. Merr ; Nitrogen ; Soybean ; Sulphur deficiency ; Vertisols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Some soil and plant test methods were evaluated for predicting response of soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to S application in vertisols. Morgan's reagent, 500 ppm P containing Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O and KH2PO4 solutions, 0.5N NH4OAc+0.25N HOAc and 0.15% CaCl2 were found to be suitable extractants for measuring available soil S. The critical limits of extractable S were 9.0 ppm by Morgan's reagent, 10.0 ppm by phosphate solutions, 8.0 ppm by 0.5N NH4OAc +0.25N HOAc and 14.0 ppm by 0.15% CaCl2. Morgan's reagent was regarded as superior to other soil test methods in view of its high relationship with S uptake by plants, A values and relative yield. Critical S concentration in soybean plants varied with age. It was 0.15% and 0.185% for 36 and 60 days old plants, respectively. The critical N/S ratio on the other hand appeared to be constant at about 16.5 during vegetative growth period. Constancy of critical N/S ratio in plants was attributed to the near constancy of N/S ratio in plant proteins. There was highly significant relationship between response of soybean to S and to N, supporting the conclusion of some earlier workers that any soil showing large responses to N may not be supplying adequate S from the mineralization of soil organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374756
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The acquisition of phosphorus byLupinus albus L. (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 70 (1983), S. 391-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Intercropping Lupins ; Lupinus albus ; Manganese ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Significant interactions between wheat and lupins occur below ground and wheat intercropped with lupins has access to a larger pool of available P, Mn and N than has wheat grown in monoculture. This suggests that the wheat is able to take up nutrients produced or made available by lupins grown in association with it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374894
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased uptake of anions by plants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 71 (1983), S. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Anion uptake ; Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus ; pH Rhizosphere ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In two field experiments sown in 1982 to test the effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of (i) spring wheat and spring barley, (ii) winter wheat and winter barley, we measured the concentrations of the major cation (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+) and anions (Cl−, SO4 2−, H2PO4 − and NO3 −) in shoot tissue. In all cases the sum of the anion concentrations (ΣA) was increased strongly by mycorrhizal infection but not by P additions, confirming earlier observations2 on spring wheat. The concentration of total cations (ΣA) was generally reduced by P additions, hence P and VAM both reduced the cation excess (ΣC−ΣA) but by different mechanisms. These results suggest that increased uptake of anions by plants with VAM may be a general phenomenom which would have important implications for the elemental composition of crops. The effect may also be manifested by other types of mycorrhizal association.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182687
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of seed nitrogen on response to applied nitrogen in six spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars in a glasshouse (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 73 (1983), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Cultivars ; Early vigour ; Glasshouse ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; Nitrogen ; Seed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Variation in the nitrogen content of seed of six barley cultivars was brought about by growing parent plants at four nitrogen levels. Shoot dry weight of plants grown for 23 days from these seeds was generally enhanced by an increase in seed nitrogen content. The most responsive cultivar was a primitive type of barley from Ethiopia. Cultivars with a longer breeding history were less responsive. Risø 1508 apparently had physiological and biochemical limitations in responding to extra seed nitrogen. In the barley cultivars studied extra seed nitrogen seems to supplement, rather than substitute for, nitrogen fertilizer in the seed bed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197716
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    Microbial responses to salt-induced osmotic stress (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 73 (1983), S. 211-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Barley ; Carbohydrates ; Exudates ; Hordeum vulgare ; Proteins ; Salinity ; Salt ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of salt stress on levels of soluble carbohydrate, amino acids and proteins in the shoots, roots and exudates of barley were studied under sterile conditions using balanced and unbalanced, high-salt solutions at −500, −1000 and −1500 kPa of osmotic stress. Moderate and severe stress with the unbalanced, high-sodium solutions proved toxic to barley, but plants exposed to the low-sodium, balanced solutions remained green and the stems remained turgid after 7 days of treatment. Both types of salinity increased the content of soluble carbohydrate in the shoots at all levels of stress and in the roots at −500 and −1000 kPa of stress. Carbohydrate in the exudates increased over 20-fold in response to balanced stress, but an apparent 3-fold increase in the exudates from the unbalanced treatments was not significant. Sucrose, glucose and fructose remained the principal sugars in the roots and shoots regardless of the type or intensity of stress, but their relative contents varied with treatment. Galactose, maltose, ribose and rhamnose were the major sugars in all exudates. Protein contents in the tissues fell at each level of balanced and unbalanced stress, but significant changes in protein were not detected in the exudates. Stress increased the size of the free amino acid pool in the shoots; however, it stimulated the reverse trend in the roots. With the exception of the −500 kPa low-sodium treatment, stress also induced a marked decline in the free amino acid content of the exudates, thus initiating a major limitation on the supply of a key group of metabolites in the rhizosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197717
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  • 19
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    Race-specific resistance and cultivar-specific virulence in the barley-leaf rust pathosystem and their consequences for the breeding of leaf rust resistant barley (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Puccinia hordei ; leaf rust ; defeated genes ; ghost genes ; shadow genes ; polygenes ; partial resistance ; race-specific resistance ; low-infection types ; high-infection types ; virulence patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A range of leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) isolates was tested on a series of barley cultivars among which the differential series. No resistance to all isolates seems to exist in the cultivated barley. The barley cultivars appear to carry zero to two race-specific resistance (Pa) genes. The isolates carry from three to eight virulence factors from the eight or nine that could be evaluated. Isolates with wide virulence spectra were most common. The pattern with virulence to Pa, Pa2, Pa4, Pa5, Pa6, and Pa8, and avirulence to Pa3, Pa7 and Pa9 is very common and seems to have a near-global distribution. These isolates, however are not necessarily identical in genotype. Partial resistance and race-specific resistance appear idependently of one another in the various cultivars. The increased interest for breeding for race-specific resistance in this host-pahtogen system is on the long term considered a wrong strategy as it will considerably hamper the selection for partical resistance. This resistance is readily available in commercial cultivars and can protect barley from leaf rust damage in most situations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021445
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from cultured embryos derived from Hordeum vulgare L. Pollinated with H. Bulbosum L. (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 585-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum bulbosum ; bulbous barley grass ; embryo culture ; haploids ; hybrids ; plant regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Plant regeneration rates from embryos derived from Hordeum vulgare x H. bulbosum were recorded over a 3 1/2 year period. % total plant regeneration (haploids + VB hybrids) varied to some extent but did not seem to be influenced by season or male parent. % VB production (and thus chromosome elimination) was however markedly affected by season and the genotype of the pollinator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021471
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rapid method for the evaluation of variation in germplasm collections of cereals using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 877-883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; bread wheat ; Triticum turgidum ; Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; chemotypes ; electrophoresis ; variation ; prolamines ; gliadins ; hordeins ; electrophoregram ; genetic resources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of storage proteins (prolamines) was used to screen 64 landraces of wheat and barley from Nepal and the YemenArab Republic and two cultivars for comparison. Altogether 3168 single seeds were examined and the advantages gained by using the vertical slab gel method were recognised. The extent of variation present within populations of landraces could be assessed easily and rapidly using the methods described. Differences in ploidy levels of wheats were detected by PAGE and investigated. Suggestions are made for improvements in sampling strategies in hilly terrain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042169
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The assessment of variation in two populations of Hordeum bulbosum L. for improving success rates in a doubled haploid barley programme (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 903-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Hordeum bulbosum ; bulbous barley grass ; haploid embryos ; variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Improvements in the success of doubled haploid production have been achieved partly by screening new accessions of Hordeum bulbosum. In order to assess levels of variation within stocks of this species, rates of embryo differentiation from the cross between H. vulgare × H. bulbosum were recorded for selections derived from two different stocks of H. bulbosum. There was little difference within stocks for this character despite variation in the morphology and banding patterns of two enzyme systems of one of the stocks. It is proposed that to obtain further increases in success rates a few selections from many accessions of H. bulbosum should be screened rather than many selections from a few stocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042172
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and mineral composition of barley and wheat across sequences of Solonetzic soil (1983)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 74 (1983), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Barley ; Hordeum vulgare ; Mineral composition ; Na−K interaction ; Solonetzic soil ; Solonetz-Solod sequence ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The growth and mineral composition of barley and wheat was measured across sequences of Solonetz and Solod soils. Growth of both species, along with root penetration was reduced on the Solonetz compared to the Solod soil. Mineral composition of the foliage and roots indicated that a Na−K interaction was present for the barley across the Solonetz-Solod sequences. Such factors were considered to be characteristics of soil—plant relationships on Solonetzic soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143613
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genotype-environment interactions for predicting the breeding value of bi-parental crosses in spring barley (1983)
    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 273-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; cross prediction ; heterosis ; genetic variance ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Crosses in spring barley between parental combinations classified by their G x E interactions as ‘similar’ or ‘dissimilar’ were compared for both the expression of heterosis in F1 and for the amount of variation released in F2. Such classification could not reliably identify the most heterotic F1 hybrids, but F2 variation was generally higher in the ‘dissimilar’ cross combinations. Examination of yield components of parental and F2 populations further showed that yield of single plants was affected primarily by tiller number, which was generally not heritable in F2. Single plant selection was suggested to be most useful when based on grain number per ear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036887
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