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  • wheat
  • Springer  (18)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Annual Reviews
  • Copernicus
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1983  (18)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (18)
  • American Society of Hematology
  • Annual Reviews
  • Copernicus
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (18)
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 22 (1983), S. 27-33 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: wheat ; lysine ; carnitine ; lipids ; mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 32 abgesetzte männliche Albinoratten wurden in 4 Gruppen eingeteilt, um die Wirkung einer lysinarmen Weizendiät (AW), einer Weizendiät mit 0,4 % Lysin (LW) oder 0,2 % Carnitin (CW) sowie einer Caseindiät auf den Stoffwechsel von Lipiden in verschiedenen Geweben zu untersuchen. Nach 8 Wochen Fütterung der verschiedenen Diäten unter Anwendung der „paired feeding technique“ wurden Veränderungen in den Gesamtlipiden, den Lipidbestandteilen, den einzelnen Fettsäuren und dem Lipidgehalt der Mitochondrien des Herzens, der Skelettmuskeln, der Lungen und des Fettgewebes der Tiere bestimmt. Die lysinarme Weizendiät (AW) bewirkte eine Lipidanreicherung (vor allem an Acylglyzerinen) im Herzen, in der Leber, den Skelettmuskeln sowie eine Lipidabnahme im Fettgewebe. Die Diäten mit 0,4 % Lysin (LW) oder 0,2 % Carnitin (CW) zeitigten die entgegengesetzte Wirkung, wobei CW wirkungsvoller erschien als LW. LW und CW erhöhten die relativen Anteile von C14∶0-, C16∶0- und C16∶1-Fettsäuren und verkleinerten diejenigen von C18∶1-, C18∶2- und C18∶3-Fettsäuren, während die Anteile unter der AW- und Caseindiät ab- bzw. zunahmen. Die Fettsäurezusammensetzung des Fettgewebes war bei allen Gruppen gleich. Die AW-Diät vergrößerte die relativen Anteile von C14∶0- und C20∶4- und verringerte die von C16∶0-, C16∶1- und C18∶3-Fettsäuren in den Lungen. Die AW-Ergänzungsdiäten verringerten die relativen Anteile von C16∶0-, C16∶1-, C18∶3-sowie auch der C18∶1-Fettsäuren. Der Lipidgehalt der Mitochondrien von Leber, Herz, Skelettmuskeln und Lunge verringerte sich unter der AW-Diät und erhöhte sich unter den LW- und CW-Diäten.
    Notes: Summary 32 weanling male albino rats were divided into 4 groups to study the effects of lysine-deficient wheat diet (AW) and AW supplemented with either 0.4 % lysine (LW) or 0.2 % carnitine (CW) as compared to casein diet on metabolism of lipids in various tissues. LW, CW and casein diet groups were pair-fed with AW group. Changes in total lipids, lipid components, individual fatty acids, mitochondrial content in liver, heart, skeletal muscles, lungs and adipose tissue were determined after 8 weeks of feeding. AW diet resulted in accumulation of lipids (mainly acylglycerols) in heart, liver, skeletal muscles and depletion in adipose tissue. The LW and CW diets reversed the effects of AW diet, the CW being more effective than LW diet. The LW and CW diets increased the relative proportion of C 14∶0, C 16∶0, C 16∶1 and decreased that of C18∶1, C18∶2, C18∶3 fatty acids which were decreased and increased, respectively, on the AW and casein diets. The fatty acids composition of adipose tissue was the same in all the groups. The AW diet increased the relative proportions of C 14∶0, C 20∶4 and decreased that of C 16∶0, C 16∶1, C 18∶3 fatty acids in the lungs. Supplemented AW diet decreased the relative proportions of the former group and increased that of the later group including C 18∶1 fatty acid also. The mitochondrial content of liver, heart, skeletal muscles and lungs was decreased on AW and reversed on LW and CW diets.
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  • 2
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    Springer
    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: wheat ; gliadin ; glutenin subunits ; correlation ; gluten quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
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    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 161-168 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: wheat ; gluten ; small scale extraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A new small scale device for wheat gluten separation is described and the results of the first experiments on the influence of extraction conditions on different flours are reported.
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  • 4
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    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 143 (1983), S. 257-275 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Poaceae ; Aegilops ; Triticum ; T. diccocoides ; wheat ; Adaptation ; trait variation ; factor analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eighteen earliness and morphological traits were examined in from 2 to 14 lines each of 10 diploid members of the wheat complex,Triticum-Aegilops, and 15 lines of the tetraploid speciesTriticum diccocoides. In general, earliness traits have the greatest relative between line vs. within line variation of all the traits examined. Within species, earliness traits are the principle set of characters around which evolve between line trait differences, one of the most important oich is leaf dimensions. At the genus level, earliness traits are independent of leaf dimensions and plant height characters. Thus, the pattern of evolution at the genus level is different from that exhibited in each of the species. Biological and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
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  • 5
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    Springer
    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hexaploid triticale ; Secale cereale ; rye ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; heterochromatin ; chromosome association
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivar Rosner chromosome 2R lacks the prominent heterochromatic bands of both telomeres. This modified 2R chromosome is capable of pairing in a high frequency with wheat chromosomes. It is hypothesized that the accumulation of heterochromatin at the telomeres of rye chromosomes may have contributed to the isolation of the wheat and rye genera by inhibiting pairing between wheat and rye chromosomes.
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  • 6
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 431-438 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley ; Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; T. turgidum ; durum wheat ; X Triticosecale ; triticale ; salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Saline soils are typically very patchy in their salinity. The yield of crops growing on them is similarly patchy. This paper argues that because most of the yield from such soils comes from the least saline areas, the best breeding strategy for improving the overall yield of crops growing on them is to select for high yield on non-saline soils. This conclusion derives from comparing the effects that four different breeding goals, namely: (1) a 10% increase in yield on non-saline soils, (ii) a 20% increase in the threshold salinity that first reduces yield, (iii) a doubling of yield at an electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) of 20 dS/m and (iv) a combination of (i) and (iii), would have on total yield. The effects of achieving these goals in barley, common wheat, durum wheat and triticale in fields exhibiting different salinities are predicted from actual yields of these species grown on different salinities in the field.
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  • 7
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 439-446 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum spp. ; wheat ; disease severity ; heading date ; plant height ; Septoria Progress Coefficient ; Septoria tritici
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The relationships between disease severity (percent pycnidia of Septoria tritici on the four uppermost leaves) and the vertical disease placement expressed as the ratio between disease height (cm)/plant height (cm), (referred to as SPC (Septoria Progress Coefficient)), and between maturity level (days to heading) and SPC, were evaluated for 9500 wheat and triticale accessions tested in field trials during 1977–1981. The relation between disease severity and SPC fitted a quadratic equation in which four distinct cutivar response classes were categorized: A) PCD (percent disease)≤15.0/SPC≤0.400 (highly resistant cultivars); B) PCD≤15.0/SPC (0.400–0.650) (moderately resistant); C) PCD (15.0–40.0)/SPC (0.400–0.700) (moderately susceptible); and D) PCD≥40.0/SPC〉0.700 (highly susceptible cultivars). It is suggested that cultivars assigned to classes B and C which exhibit low receptivity and moderate to high vertical pathogen placement differ in nature and type of protection from that expressed by the highly resistant cultivars in class A. Representative cultivars belonging to each of the classes are listed together with their agronomic characteristics (plant height and maturity level).
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; kernel color ; protein content ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Utilization of high-protein hard red wheat germplasm in breeding high-protein hard white winter wheats for the U.S. Great Plains raised concern regarding possible genetic relationships between kernel color and protein content. Segregating F3 and F4 populations from reciprocal crosses and backcrosses involving high-protein hard red winter wheat cultivar Plainsman V and normal-protein hard white winter wheat line KS75216 were examined. Nonsignificant regression and correlation coefficients in the F3 generations of KS75216/Plainsman V, KS75216//KS75216/Plainsman V and Plainsman V//KS75216/Plainsman V indicated the absence of genetic relationships between kernel color and protein content. Therefore, despite the presence of genes for protein content and kernel color on the same chromosomes (3A, 3B and 3D), kernel color and protein content appeared as independent traits. A small but significant negative relationship between white kernel color and high protein in Plainsman V/KS75216 was attributable to the possible presence of alien genetic material in the parentage of Plainsman V. Chi-square tests indicated that Plainsman V is a mixture of genotypes for kernel color; most genotypes carry two dominant genes for red color and a few carry one or three. Genetic control of grain protein appeared to be complex. Partial dominance for high protein was indicated in the F3 generation but a generally continuous distribution and transgressive segregation also suggested other genes functioned additively. Heritability estimates by parent-offspring (F3-F4) regression were sufficiently high to ensure genetic progress in the selection of high-protein lines in the red x white wheat crosses. We concluded that development of high-protein cultivars is as feasible for white wheats as for red wheats.
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  • 9
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 743-748 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; plant physiology ; plant breeding ; Australia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Major changes in the behaviour of the Australian wheat crop over the last one hundred years have been associated with three major gene groupings. The significance of major genes in monitoring response to vernalization, photoperiod and gibberellin, reveals a more optimistic future for breeding programmes where simple genetic and physiologic studies are integrated within those programmes. A revised classification of growth habit is presented in the appendix.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; protein content ; grain yield ; mixing time ; soil-borne mosaic virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Lancota has genetic potential to produce grain with higher protein content than most other cultivars grown in the hard winter wheat region. It has not consistently expressed full potential for grain protein content outside its area of development. Experiments were conducted to determine genetic variability for grain protein content in Lancota and to utilize that variability to select genotypes with high grain protein content. Approximately 1600 lines were screened to 37 high-protein selections that varied in yield, test weight, flour mixing time, blooming date, height, and reaction to wheat soil-borne mosaic virus (WSBM). Nine promising selections (KS80476, KS80478, KS80480, KS80488, KS80490, KS80491, KS80497, KS80499, and KS80500) had grain protein advantage over Lancota of 0.5 to 1.0% and equalled or exceeded Lancota in yield or test weight. Those selections were resistant to WSBM and satisfactory or better in mixing properties than Lancota. The highest protein selection (KS80496) had a mean protein advantage of 1.5% over Lancota but exhibited a short mixing time of 1 7/8 min. The absence of correlation between some years indicated strong environmental influence on protein content. We concluded that adequate genetic variability existed in the high-grain protein cultivar Lancota to select lines that express the high protein potential better than the original cultivar outside its area of development.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; linkage drag ; seedling resistance ; Puccinia graminis tritici ; stem rust ; Puccinia recondita ; leaf rust ; Puccinia striiformis ; yellow rust ; stripe rust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary To determine whether linkage drag had occurred during the breeding of near isogenic lines (NILs) of wheat, 176 lines involving 11 sets of NILs, their recurrent parents and some of their donors were tested for seedling reaction to stem rust (4 races), leaf rust (3 races) and yellow rust (3 races). From the results, six cases were identified in which linkage drag may have played a role. More research is needed to prove clearly that linkage is involved. Nevertheless, the results suggest that linkage drag is a fairly common phenomenon.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: allelopathy ; ferulic acid ; no-tillage ; prickly sida ; common ragweed ; weed control ; 2-methoxy-4-ethenylphenol ; carboxylic acid ; phenol ; morning glory ; Ipomoea lacunosa ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This study was conducted to determine if well-known phytotoxic effects of plant residues on crop growth could also be responsible for observed reductions of certain weed species in no-till cropping systems. An aqueous extract of field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) reduced the germination and root length of pitted morning glory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). Phytotoxicity was increased by about 70% when bioassays with the wheat extract on morning glory and ragweed were conducted in the presence of light. Phytotoxic substances were extracted from wheat with 2 N NaOH. The hydrolyzed extract was fractionated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The compound isolated by TLC having the greatest inhibitory effects on morning glory germination was identified using mass spectrometry and determined to be ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid). Ferulic acid at 5 × 103 M inhibited the germination and root length of morning glory 23 and 82%, respectively, and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) with carpels 85 and 82%, respectively. Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) germination was inhibited 100%. Ferulic acid had no effect on ragweed or prickly sida without carpels. Morning glory root and shoot biomass were reduced 52 and 26%, respectively, when morning glory was grown in sand and watered with a 5 × 103 M solution of ferulic acid. Ferulic acid in the presence of prickly sida seed carpels was found to undergo decarboxylation, forming a styrene derivative, 2-methoxy-4-ethenylphenol. The more phytotoxic styrene compound was produced by a bacterium isolated from the carpels of prickly sida seed. The study showed that ferulic acid and other compounds may indeed play a role in reducing the growth of certain weeds in no-tillage cropping systems.
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  • 13
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    Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 1001-1010 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Rye ; wheat ; barley ; sorghum ; organic acids ; no-tillage ; crop residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of crops, cultivars, and accessions have been evaluated over the past six years for superior capability to suppress weed growth. The most successful of these approaches has been to grow cover crops of rye (Secale cereale), wheat (Triticum aestivum), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), or barley (Hordeum vulgare) to a height of 40–50 cm, desiccate the crops by contact herbicides or freezing, and allow their residues to remain on the soil surface. Often, up to 95% control of important agroecosystem weed species was obtained for a 30- to 60-day period following desiccation of the cover crop. The plant residues on the soil surface exhibit numerous physical and chemical attributes that contribute to weed suppression. Physical aspects include shading and reduced soil temperatures which were similarly achieved using poplar (Populus) excelsior as a control mulch. Chemical aspects apparently include direct release of toxins, as well as production of phytotoxic microbial products. Numerous chemicals appear to work in concert or in an additive or synergistic manner to reduce weed germination and growth.
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  • 14
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    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 4 (1983), S. 165-180 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: nitrification inhibitor ; urea ; fall application ; 15N ; nitrogen uptake ; wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four-year microplot tests were performed to study the utilization by wheat, in the presence and absence of the nitrification inhibitor N-Serve, of15N labeled urea spread in fall. The percentages of fertilizer nitrogen taken up by winter wheat (grains and straw) were 18 to 37 percent when urea was spread in fall, 33 to 45 percent when urea plus N-Serve was applied in fall, and 36 to 49 percent when urea was spread in spring. In the 0–30 cm layer of soil there were found, for the treatments listed above, 15 to 23 percent, 24 to 45 percent, and 15 to 47 percent of urea nitrogen after the harvesting of winter wheat. Application of urea plus N-Serve in fall and of urea alone in spring resulted in similar amounts of fertilizer nitrogen being taken up by spring wheat to those taken up by winter wheat. Of the urea nitrogen applied in fall, 20 to 28 percent and 47 to 50 percent were not recovered from the plants and 0–30 cm soil layer with and without additional N-Serve treatment, respectively. The utilization by winter wheat of urea nitrogen spread, with no additional N-Serve, in fall from mid-October onward was considerably lower in those cases where, after fertilizing, weather conditions were such as to favour both nitrification and leaching. On heavy and loamy soil such influences of weather were offset by application of N-Serve.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; chromosome substitution lines ; vernalization ; ear emergence ; basic development rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The influence of vernalization on days to ear emergence in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) was examined in five Chinese Spring/Thatcher (CS/T) chromosome substitution lines. CS/T 5A and 5D were similar to normal Chinese Spring in days to ear emergence after all periods of vernalization while CS/T 3B and 5B were similar after some, but significantly earlier after other periods of vernalization When compared with Chinese Spring. In both the unvernalized condition and when vernalization did not limit development rate CS/T 7B was faster to ear emergence than Chinese Spring. These results are discussed in relation to the known chromosomal and genetical control of vernalization response.
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  • 16
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; shattering ; awns ; height
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Temporal changes in shattering losses of 14 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were studied in an irrigated environment. The lines ranged in height from 68 to 98 cm; eight lines were fully awned while five were not. Shattered kernels were gathered at weekly intervals for 6 wk; samping commenced at 30 to 40% kernel moisture and continued for 3 wk beyond harvest ripeness (14.5% moisture). Shattering loss, expressed as a percentage of yield, ranged from 3.25 to 17.3% over the 6 wk period. Awnedness was not a factor in shattering susceptibility of the genotypes studied. Both the most and least shattering resistant lines in this study were awnless. There was a nonsignificant correlation between shattering losses and plant height. It was concluded that a single quantitative measurement of shattering loss at or after harvest ripeness (14.5% moisture) would provide an adequate measure of shattering susceptibility.
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  • 17
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    Euphytica 32 (1983), S. 241-255 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Triticum aestivum ; wheat ; physiology ; grain yield ; inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Post anthesis physiological characters were examined in four genotypes and a diallel set of their progenies. Variation in total carbon uptake by photosynthetic tissue above the flag leaf node was primarily related to leaf area and ear size differences during the early grain filling period. Flag leaf apparent photosynthetic rates during the late grain filling period were closely correlated with flag leaf chorophyl levels. During the period of rapid growth, genotypes differed in the proportion and total quantity of current assimilate translocated to the grain. Total rather than proportional translocation was correlated with grain number and grain yield. Differences in total grain protein were primarily related to total plant nitrogen at anthesis and secondarily to the proportion of this nitrogen translocated to the grain. The level of post anthesis nitrate reductase activity decreased with increasing flag leaf age, but genotypic differences were not closely related to differences in total grain protein contents. Significant general combining ability effects were found for flag leaf chlorophyll levels, flag leaf photosynthetic rates at higher illuminances during the late grain filling period, total plant carbon uptake, total ear carbon uptake, and proportional carbon translocation to the grain. A preponderance of significant general combining ability variances suggests that additive gene action is of particular importance in the inheritance of these physiological characters.
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  • 18
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    Plant foods for human nutrition 33 (1983), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 1573-9104
    Keywords: wheat ; milling utilization of protein ; energy ; zinc and other minerals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Wheat was milled into flours having extraction rates between 100 and 66%. The nutritive value of the various fractions was studied by chemical analyses and in balance trials with rats. The concentration of essential nutrients decreased when the extraction rate was lowered. The lysine content (g/16 g N) e.g. was 2.52 in whole wheat, but only 2.18 in the 66% extraction flour; however, only a slight reduction in biological value was found. The content of minerals was reduced to 30% of that in whole wheat, and the apparent zinc absorption and retention expressed in absolute values, were significantly higher from the flours of high extraction than from the more refined flours, in spite of a much higher phytate content in whole wheat and lightly milled flours. It could be concluded that milling of wheat into highly refined flours not only preclude considerable amounts of nutrients from human consumption, but the remaining flours have a much poorer nutritive value than flour made from whole wheat.
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