ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: OPENING ADDRESS On behalf of the Local Organizing Committee, I welcome you all to the first International Workshop on GPS-techniques in surveying and geodesy held at this university. This workshop is designed to bring together experts from various countries and also scientists who carry out, analyze and interpret such measurements with those who work on instrumental and theoretical problems. The workshop focuses hereby on high-precision applications with emphasis on monitoring time-dependent phenomena such as those relevant to geodynamics as well as men-made constructions as those in civil engineering and similar fields. It is astonishing to see how, in spite of all earlier satellite work over the last two decades, GPS-methods became so fast a relevant new technology, in its proper sense, in modern geodesy and surveying besides VLBI and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). With the recent development of new dual-frequency receivers the role of GPS-procedures in monitoring large-scale phenomena over big distances will still expand; and the application of kinematical GPS-approaches is of utmost interest in solving high-precision problems. It is indeed fascinating to realize how GPS-methods have become in such a short time a surprisingly efficient and effective, this means : fast, precise and easy to apply, tool which is able to replace already now, after a few years of existence and with an incomplete set of a few out of the 18 satellites (of the final stage), at least partially some expensive, slow and cumbersome classical surveying methods. On the other hand, it cannot be overemphasized that GPS-procedures are still at their beginning and the full spectrum of their capabilities still has to be explored. In Europe, for example, where excellent classical surveying systems do exist the situation is quite different from the situation in other countries such as Canada or the USA. Even within Europe the application types of GPS-methods will vary; for example, in Norway the situation is quite different from central European countries. It is often forgotten, that together with GPS we will have to introduce new concepts and a new thinking in combination with other modern satellite procedures. GPS itself can resolve only a small part of the problems to be solved by modern geodesy but it will open the way to a great variety of new applications and capabilities. Modern global tectonics is just one of the new disciplines of high interest and great practical impact. I could continue in citing other similarly important new fields. GPS is, however, of special importance because it replaces old technologies and fills gaps where modern and efficient tools are most needed. Consequently, also the optimal combination of GPS-methods with new auxiliary and also classical high-precision techniques is of great importance, mainly under the european conditions outlined above. Moreover, the real-time or almost-real-time use of GPS in combination with photogrammetry, inertial geodesy, gravity gradiometry or even classical surveying is of substantial interest. It is indeed important to realize the new concepts in modern satellite and space methods and I, therefore, spoke above of a new "technology" which should be optimally developed as there is a worldwide need of such capabilities and tools. In view of the few active NAVSTAR-satellites in sky in 1988 this is perhaps not the best year for GPS-applications but the right time for a review of the experience gained until now and using it as a base for the planning of the future...

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION While the complex mechanical properties of rocks and soils are studied for quite a while, it is only in the last decades that sound established mathematical models were developed based on accurate experimental data. Some rheological properties of geomaterials as for instance creep, were studied for a long time but the experimental data reported were incomplete and, as a consequence, the models developed have missed either the generality necessary for the solving of engineering problems or some of the major specific mechanical properties possessed by these materials as for instance dilatancy and/or compressibility , long term damage etc. Generally, these very particular empirical models were made for a specific test only and therefore are not appropriate for solving problems involving general loading histories. Let us remind that due to the presence of a great number of cracks and/or pores existing in roks and soils, the mechanical behaviour of geomaterials is quite distinct from that of other materials as for instance metals or plastics. That is why rock and soil rheology has some specific aspects. It must also be mentioned that the solving of various problems of rock and soil mechanics posed by modern technology was not possible by using time-independent models, thus the study and development of rehological models become absolutely necessary. In the last decade or so, very accurate experimantal data became available as a result of the development of experimental techniques and of the growing interest for this field of research in the scientific community. These data, in turn, have made possible the development of genuine models for geomaterials, mainly rheological models, able to describe such properties as creep, dilatancy and/or compressibility during creep, long term damage and failure occurring after various time intervals, slip surface formation etc. Today it is clear that no accurate constitutive equation for rocks can be formulated unless the dilatancy phenomena and the time effects are not included. Another idea is the need of a better description of the concepts of damage and failure of rocks, again using in someway the concepts of irreversible dilatancy or another related notion. In soil rheology it is clear that the scale effect may be taken into consideration in order to obtain a corect information from the routine tests. Also in writing the constitutive equations for soils it is neccessary to take into account the microscopic or local phenomena, because there is a great variety of types of saturated or nonsaturated soils, granular or cohesionless soil etc. The aim of the Euromech Colloquium 196 devoted to Rock and Soil Rheology and therefore that of the present volume too, is to review some of the main results obtained in the last years in this field of research and also to formulate some of the major not yet solved problems which are now under consideration. Exchange of opinions and scientific discussions are quite helpful mainly in those areas where some approaches are controversial and the progress made is quite fast. That is especially true for the rheology of geomaterials, domain of great interest for mining and petroleum engineers, engineering geology, seismology, geophlsics, civil engineering, nuclear and industrial waste storage, geothermal energy storage, caverns for sports, culture, telecommunications, storage of goods and foodstuffs (cold, hot and refrigerated storages), underground oil and natural gas reservoirs etc. Some of the last obtained results are mentioned in the present volume...

Description / Table of Contents: PREFACE The suggestion to compile and publish this volume dealing with some geoscientific problems of the Central Andes came up during a conference on "Mobility of Active Continental Margins" held in Berlin, February 1986. At this international conference, organized by the Berlin Research Group "Mobility of Active Continental Margins", colleagues from Europe, Southern and Northern America reported on their current investigations in the Central Andes. The Central Andes claim a special position in the 7000 km long Andean mountain range. In Northern Chile, Southern Bolivia and Northwest Argentina the Central Andes show their largest width with more than 650 km and along a Geotraverse between the Pacific coast and the Chaco all typical Andean morphotectonic units are well developed. Here, the pre-Andean evolution is documented by outcropping of Paleozoic and pre-Cambrian rocks. The characteristic phenomena of the Andean cycle can be studied along the entire geotraverse. The migration of the tectonic and magmatic activity starting in Jurassic and being active t i l l Quaternary is clearly evidenced. Besides the Himalaya, the Central Andes show with 70-80 km and -400 mgal the largest crustal thickness known in mountain ranges. These and many other interesting and exciting geoscientific features encouraged a group of geoscientists from both West-Berlin universities (Freie UniversitAt and Technische UniversitAt) to focus their studies along a geotraverse through the Central Andes. The realization of these studies would not have been possible without the active assistance and close cooperation of our colleagues from the geoscientific institutions in Salta (Argentina), La Paz and Santa Cruz (Bolivia) and Antofagasta and Santiago (Chile). Concerning the German participation, this joint and interdisciplinary project is financially supported since 1982 as Reserach Group" Mobility of Active Continental Margins" by the German Research Society and by the West-Berlin universities as well. A number of colleagues from universities in West Germany take part in this project, too. The papers presented here deal with the period from Late Precambrian up to the youngest phenomena in Quaternary. The contributions cover the whole spectrum of geoscientific research, geology, paleontology, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics and geomorphology. In conclusion, the data published here may help to improve the picture of Andean structure and evolution. The detailed investigations carried out in the past years show, that the first simple plate tectonic models proposed in the beginning of the seventies have to improved and modified. Furthermore, the results can be seen as contribution to the international Lithospheric Project and as a useful data base for the construction of a Central Andean Transect...

Description / Table of Contents: Organized by the National Centre for Scientific Research, and held June 14-19, 1981, at the University of Marseille-Luminy

Description / Table of Contents: Pressure of use of Jenolan Caves as a tourist spectacle has raised concerns about the wellbeing of the caves, so three related physical subjects were reviewed and investigated; the cave microclimate, the carbon dioxide in the cave atmosphere and dustfall in the caves. The microclimate has been shown to be dominated by several physical processes: in the absence of air movement, conduction and radiation dominate; in association with air movement, convective coupled heat and mass transfer tends to dominate energy flows. A new approach using boundary conditions and qualitative characteristics of transient fronts enables accurate measurement and analysis of energy, heat and mass transfer. This technique avoids the dimensionless number and transfer coefficient methods and is not geometrically sensitive. Conditions in caves are also determined by the capillary processes of water in cave walls. Air movement in caves depends on surface weather conditions and special problems of surface weather observation arise. A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the cave and surface processes. The physical processes that collect, transport and release dust were measured and described. Dust in the caves was shown to be carried from the surface, mainly by visitors. The concept of the Personal Dust Ooud is developed and experimental measurements and analysis show that this process is a major threat to the caves. New techniques of measurement are described. An accurate physiological model has been developed which predicts most of the carbon dioxide measured in Jenolan Caves, derived mainly from visitors on the cave tours. This model, developed from previously published human physiological information also predicts the production of heat and water vapour by cave tourists. The effects of carbon dioxide on cave conditions has been investigated. Details of a two year program of measurements in the caves are given. The generalised approach and methods are applicable to other caves, mines and buildings.

Description / Table of Contents: A. J. Fraser and S. J. Matthews: Petroleum geology of SE Asia: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.01 --- Chris Sladen: Energy trends in SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:3-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.02 --- Robert Hall: Cenozoic plate tectonic reconstructions of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:11-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.03 --- S. P. Todd, M. E. Dunn, and A. J. G. Barwise: Characterizing petroleum charge systems in the tertiary of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:25-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.04 --- Chris Sladen: Exploring the lake basins of east and southeast Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:49-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.05 --- Coen T. A. M. Leo: Exploration in the Gulf of Thailand in deltaic reservoirs, related to the Bongkot Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:77-87, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.06 --- S. J. Matthews, A. J. Fraser, S. Lowe, S. P. Todd, and F. J. Peel: Structure, stratigraphy and petroleum geology of the SE Nam Con Son Basin, offshore Vietnam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:89-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.07 --- R. H. Worden, M. J. Mayall, and I. J. Evans: Predicting reservoir quality during exploration: lithic grains, porosity and permeability in Tertiary clastic rocks of the South China Sea basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:107-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.08 --- M. J. Mayall, A. Bent, and D. M. Roberts: Miocene carbonate buildups offshore Socialist Republic of Vietnam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:117-120, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.09 --- A. Wight, H. Friestad, I. Anderson, P. Wicaksono, and C. H. Reminton: Exploration history of the offshore Southeast Sumatra PSC, Java Sea, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:121-142, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.10 --- Craig Schiefelbein and Nick Cameron: Sumatra/Java oil families / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:143-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.11 --- J. M. Cole and S. Crittenden: Early Tertiary basin formation and the development of Lacustrine and quasi-lacustrine/marine source rocks on the Sunda Shelf of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:147-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.12 --- Alastair Beach, J. Lawson Brown, Paul J. Brockbank, Steven D. Knott, Jean E. McCallum, and Alastair I. Welbon: Fault seal analysis of SE Asian basins with examples from West Java / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:185-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.13 --- D. J. Prosser and R. R. Carter: Permeability heterogeneity within the Jerudong Formation: an outcrop analogue for subsurface Miocene reservoirs in Brunei / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:195-235, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.14 --- I. C. Mat-Zin and R. E. Swarbrick: The tectonic evolution and associated sedimentation history of Sarawak Basin, eastern Malaysia: a guide for future hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:237-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.15 --- M. E. J. Wilson and D. W. J. Bosence: Platform-top and ramp deposits of the Tonasa Carbonate Platform, Sulawesi, Indonesia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:247-279, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.16 --- P. J. Boult: A review of the petroleum potential of Papua New Guinea with a focus on the eastern Papuan Basin and the Pale Sandstone as a potential reservoir fairway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:281-291, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.17 --- J. B. Blanche and J. D. Blanche: An overview of the hydrocarbon potential of the Spratly Islands archipelago and its implications for regional development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:293-310, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.18 --- Ian M. Longley: The tectonostratigraphic evolution of SE Asia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:311-339, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.19 --- D. Roques, S. J. Matthews, and C. Rangin: Constraints on strike-slip motion from seismic and gravity data along the Vietnam margin offshore Da Nang: implications for hydrocarbon prospectivity and opening of the East Vietnam Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:341-353, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.20 --- A. J. McCarthy and C. F. Elders: Cenozoic deformation in Sumatra: oblique subduction and the development of the Sumatran Fault System / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:355-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.21 --- Chris Howells: Tertiary response to oblique subduction and indentation in Sumatra, Indonesia: new ideas for hydrocarbon exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:365-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.22 --- John L. C. Chambers and Timothy E. Daley: A tectonic model for the onshore Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:375-393, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.23 --- Steve J. Moss, John Chambers, Ian Cloke, Dharma Satria, Jason R. Ali, Simon Baker, John Milsom, and Andy Carter: New observations on the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Tertiary Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:395-416, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.24 --- John Milsom, Robert Holt, Dzazali Bin Ayub, and Ross Smail: Gravity anomalies and deep structural controls at the Sabah-Palawan margin, South China Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 126:417-427, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.126.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: P. D. Jackson, D. G. Gunn, R. C. Flint, D. Beamish, P. I. Meldrum, M. A. Lovell, P. K. Harvey, and A. Peyton: A non-contacting resistivity imaging method for characterizing whole round core while in its liner / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:1-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.01 --- D. J. Prosser, A. Hurst, and M. R. Wilson: One-man-operable probe permeameters / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:11-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.02 --- S. R. McDougall, A. B. Dixit, and K. S. Sorbie: Network analogues of wettability at the pore scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:19-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.03 --- S. Pugliese and N. Petford: Pore-structure visualization in microdioritic enclaves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:37-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.04 --- Paul B. Basan, Ben D. Lowden, Peter R. Whattler, and John J. Attard: Pore-size data in petrophysics: a perspective on the measurement of pore geometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:47-67, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.05 --- M. S. King, A. Shakeel, and N. A. Chaudhry: Acoustic wave propagation and permeability in sandstones with systems of aligned cracks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:69-85, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.06 --- Shiyu Xu, Just Doorenbos, Sue Raikes, and Roy White: A simple but powerful model for simulating elastic wave velocities in clastic Silicate rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:87-105, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.07 --- T. Apuani, M. S. King, C. Butenuth, and M. H. De Freitas: Measurements of the relationship between Sonic wave velocities and tensile strength in Anisotropic rock / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:107-119, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.08 --- C. McCann, J. Sothcott, and S. B. Assefa: Prediction of petrophysical properties from seismic quality factor measurements / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:121-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.09 --- Y. F. Sun and D. Goldberg: Estimation of aspect-ratio changes with pressure from seismic velocities / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:131-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.10 --- P. K. Harvey, M. A. Lovell, J. C. Lofts, P. A. Pezard, and J. F. Bristow: Petrophysical estimation from downhole Mineralogy logs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:141-157, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.11 --- Paul F. Worthington: Petrophysical estimation of permeability as a function of scale / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:159-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.12 --- C. A. Gonçalves, P. K. Harvey, and M. A. Lovell: Prediction of petrophysical parameter logs using a multilayer backpropagation neural network / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:169-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.13 --- Brian P. Moss: The partitioning of petrophysical data: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:181-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.14 --- A. Revil, P. A. Pezard, and M. Darot: Electrical conductivity, spontaneous potential and ionic diffusion in porous media / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:253-275, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.15 --- Brígida Ramati P. Da Rocha and Tarek M. Habashy: Fractal Geometry, porosity and complex resistivity: from rough pore interfaces to hand specimens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:277-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.16 --- Brígida Ramati P. Da Rocha and Tarek M. Habashy: Fractal Geometry, porosity and complex resistivity: from hand specimen to field data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:287-297, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.17 --- M. Ben Clennell: Tortuosity: a guide through the maze / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:299-344, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.18 --- J. C. Lofts, J. Bedford, H. Boulton, J. A. van Doorn, and P. Jeffreys: Feature recognition and the interpretation of images acquired from horizontal wellbores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:345-365, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.19 --- D. Goldberg and Y. F. Sun: Scattering attenuation as a function of depth in the Upper Oceanic Crust / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:367-375, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.20 --- N. Passas, C. Butenuth, and M. H. De Freitas: An application of the Moiré Method to a study of local strains during rock failure in tension / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 122:377-388, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.122.01.21

Description / Table of Contents: M. Widdowson: The geomorphological and geological importance of palaeosurfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:1-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.01 --- C. R. Twidale: The great age of some Australian landforms: examples of, and possible explanations for, landscape longevity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:13-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.02 --- Europe --- Philip S. Ringrose and Piotr Migoń: Analysis of digital elevation data for the Scottish Highlands and recognition of pre-Quaternary elevated surfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:25-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.03 --- Peter Coxon and Catherine Coxon: A pre-Pliocene or Pliocene land surface in County Galway, Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:37-55, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.04 --- John J. McAlister and Bernard J. Smith: Geochemical trends in Early Tertiary palaeosols from northeast Ireland: a statistical approach to assess element behaviour during weathering / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:57-65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.05 --- David W. Jolley: Palaeosurface palynofloras of the Skye lava field and the age of the British Tertiary volcanic province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:67-94, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.06 --- Karna Lidmar-Bergström, Siv Olsson, and Mats Olvmo: Palaeosurfaces and associated saprolites in southern Sweden / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:95-124, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.07 --- Yvonne Battiau-Queney: Preservation of old palaeosurfaces in glaciated areas: examples from the French western Alps / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:125-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.08 --- W. Brian Whalley, Brice R. Rea, Michelle M. Rainey, and John J. McAlister: Rock weathering in blockfields: some preliminary data from mountain plateaus in North Norway / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:133-145, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.09 --- M. Gutiérrez-Elorza and F. J. Gracia: Environmental interpretation and evolution of the Tertiary erosion surfaces in the Iberian Range (Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:147-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.10 --- Harald Borger: Environmental changes during the Tertiary: the example of palaeoweathering residues in central Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:159-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.11 --- E. Molina Ballesteros, J. García Talegón, and M. A. Vicente Hernández: Palaeoweathering profiles developed on the Iberian Hercynian Basement and their relationship to the oldest Tertiary surface in central and western Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:175-185, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.12 --- Piotr Migoń: Tertiary etchsurfaces in the Sudetes Mountains, SW Poland: a contribution to the pre-Quaternary morphology of Central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:187-202, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.13 --- Ján Lacika: Neogene palaeosurfaces in the volcanic area of Central Slovakia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:203-219, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.14 --- India --- M. Widdowson: Tertiary palaeosurfaces of the SW Deccan, Western India: implications for passive margin uplift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:221-248, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.15 --- Yanni Gunnell: Topography, palaeosurfaces and denudation over the Karnataka Uplands, southern India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:249-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.16 --- M. Widdowson, J. N. Walsh, and K. V. Subbarao: The geochemistry of Indian bole horizons: palaeoenvironmental implications of Deccan intravolcanic palaeosurfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:269-281, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.17 --- Africa --- Kevin White, Nick Drake, and John Walden: Remote sensing for mapping palaeosurfaces on the basis of surficial chemistry: a mixed pixel approach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:283-293, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.18 --- D. J. Bowden: The geochemistry and development of lateritized footslope benches: The Kasewe Hills, Sierra Leone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:295-305, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.19 --- South America --- L. Kennan, S. H. Lamb, and L. Hoke: High-altitude palaeosurfaces in the Bolivian Andes: evidence for late Cenozoic surface uplift / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:307-323, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.20 --- Errata --- Erratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.22 --- Erratum / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 120:ERR, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.120.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Keith Nicholson, James R. Hein, Bernhard Bühn, and Somnath Dasgupta: Precambrian to modern manganese mineralization: Changes in ore type and depositional environment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.01 --- Review --- Supriya Roy: Genetic diversity of manganese deposition in the terrestrial geological record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:5-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.02 --- Precambrian Deposits --- G.P. Glasby: Fractionation of manganese from iron in Archaean and Proterozoic sedimentary ores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:29-42, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.03 --- Dmitri A. Kulik and Michael N. Korzhnev: Lithological and geochemical evidence of Fe and Mn pathways during deposition of Lower Proterozoic banded iron formation in the Krivoy Rog Basin (Ukraine) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:43-80, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.04 --- Bernhard Bühn and Ian G. Stanistreet: Insight into the enigma of Neoproterozoic manganese and iron formations from the perspective of supercontinental break-up and glaciation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:81-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.05 --- C. Manikyamba and S.M. Naqvi: Mineralogy and geochemistry of Archaean greenstone belt-hosted Mn formations and deposits of the Dharwar Craton: Redox potential of proto-oceans / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:91-103, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.06 --- Joydip Mukhopadhyay, Asru K. Chaudhuri, and S. K. Chanda: Deep-water manganese deposits in the mid- to late Proterozoic Penganga Group of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, South India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:105-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.07 --- Keith Nicholson, V. K. Nayak, and J. K. Nanda: Manganese ores of the Ghoriajhor-Monmunda area, Sundergarh District, Orissa, India: geochemical evidence for a mixed Mn source / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:117-121, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.08 --- Cenozoic Deposits --- James R. Hein, Andrea Koschinsky, Peter Halbach, Frank T. Manheim, Michael Bau, Jung-Keuk Kang, and Naomi Lubick: Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:123-138, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.09 --- D. S. Cronan: Some controls on the geochemical variability of manganese nodules with particular reference to the tropical South Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:139-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.10 --- U. Von Stackelberg: Growth history of manganese nodules and crusts of the Peru Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:153-176, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.11 --- Akira Usui and Masao Someya: Distribution and composition of marine hydrogenetic and hydrothermal manganese deposits in the northwest Pacific / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:177-198, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.12 --- B. Nagender Nath, W. L. Plüger, and I. Roelandts: Geochemical constraints on the hydrothermal origin of ferromanganese encrustations from the Rodriguez Triple Junction, Indian Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:199-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.13 --- G. P. Glasby, E. M. Emelyanov, V. A. Zhamoida, G. N. Baturin, T. Leipe, R. Bahlo, and P. Bonacker: Environments of formation of ferromanganese concretions in the Baltic Sea: a critical review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:213-237, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.14 --- J. Rey, L. Somoza, J. Martínez-Frías, R. Benito, and S. Martín-Alfageme: Deception Island (Antarctica): a new target for exploration of Fe-Mn mineralization? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:239-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.15 --- A. Crespo and R. Lunar: Terrestrial hot-spring Co-rich Mn mineralization in the Pliocene-Quaternary Calatrava Region (central Spain) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:253-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.16 --- K. M. Michailidis, K. Nicholson, M. K. Nimfopoulos, and R. A. D. Pattrick: An EPMA and SEM study of the Mn-oxide mineralization of Kato Nevrokopi, Macedonia, northern Greece: Controls on formation of the Mn4+ oxides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:265-280, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.17 --- Hiroyuki Miura and Yu Hariya: Recent manganese oxide deposits in Hokkaido, Japan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:281-299, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.18 --- Geochemistry and Mineralogy --- Lev M. Gramm-Osipov: Formation of solid phases of manganese in oxygenated aquatic environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:301-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.19 --- Keith Nicholson and Mark Eley: Geochemistry of manganese oxides: metal adsorption in freshwater and marine environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:309-326, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.20 --- Somnath Dasgupta: P-T-X relationships during metamorphism of manganese-rich sediments: Current status and future studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:327-337, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.21 --- M. K. Nimfopoulos, K. M. Michailidis, and G. Christofides: Zincian rancieite from the Kato Nevrokopi manganese deposits, Macedonia, northern Greece / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:339-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.22 --- S. D. Gamblin and D. S. Urch: The determination of the valency of manganese in mineralogical and environmental samples by X-ray emission spectroscopy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 119:349-356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.23

Description / Table of Contents: A. J. Fleet, K. Kelts, and M. R. Talbot: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:vii-x, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.01 --- Part I Tectonic, Geological, Geochemical and Biological Framework --- K. Kelts: Environments of deposition of lacustrine petroleum source rocks: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:3-26, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.02 --- J. F. Talling: Modern phytoplankton production in African lakes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:27-28, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.03 --- M. R. Talbot: The origins of lacustrine oil source rocks: evidence from the lakes of tropical Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:29-43, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.04 --- P. De Deckker: Large Australian lakes during the last 20 million years: sites for petroleum source rock or metal ore deposition, or both? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:45-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.05 --- R. S. Oremland, J. E. Cloern, R. L. Smith, C. W. Culbertson, J. Zehr, L. Miller, B. Cole, R. Harvey, Z. Sofer, N. Iversen, M. Klug, D. J. Des Marais, and G. Rau: Microbial and biogeochemical processes in Big Soda Lake, Nevada / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:59-75, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.06 --- C. P. Summerhayes: Predicting palaeoclimates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:77-78, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.07 --- Part II Palaeoenvironmental Indicators --- B. J. Katz: Clastic and carbonate lacustrine systems: an organic geochemical comparison (Green River Formation and East African lake sediments) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:81-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.08 --- M. Vandenbroucke and F. Behar: Geochemical characterization of the organic matter from some recent sediments by a pyrolysis technique / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:91-101, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.09 --- J. K. Volkman: Biological marker compounds as indicators of the depositional environments of petroleum source rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:103-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.10 --- H. L. ten Haven, J. W. de Leeuw, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, P. A. Schenck, S. E. Palmer, and J. E. Zumberge: Application of biological markers in the recognition of palaeohypersaline environments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:123-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.11 --- W. Davison: Interactions of iron, carbon and sulphur in marine and lacustrine sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:131-137, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.12 --- R. F. Yuretich: Possible relationships of stratigraphy and clay mineralogy to source rock potential in lacustrine sequences / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:139-151, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.13 --- B. Bahrig: Palaeo-environment information from deep water siderite (Lake of Laach, West Germany) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:153-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.14 --- Jiang De-xin: Spores and pollen in oils as indicators of lacustrine source rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:159-169, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.15 --- Part III Case Studies --- A. D. Duncan and R. F. M. Hamilton: Palaeolimnology and organic geochemistry of the Middle Devonian in the Orcadian Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:173-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.16 --- S. J. Hillier and J. E. A. Marshall: Hydrocarbon source rocks, thermal maturity and burial history of the Orcadian Basin, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.17 --- J. Parnell: Significance of lacustrine cherts for the environment of source-rock deposition in the Orcadian Basin, Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:205-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.18 --- G. W. F. Loftus and J. T. Greensmith: The lacustrine Burdiehouse Limestone Formation—a key to the deposition of the Dinantian Oil Shales of Scotland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:219-234, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.19 --- J. Parnell: Lacustrine petroleum source rocks in the Dinantian Oil Shale Group, Scotland: a review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:235-246, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.20 --- P. J. W. Gore: Lacustrine sequences in an early Mesozoic rift basin: Culpeper Basin, Virginia, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:247-278, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.21 --- Fu Jiamo, Sheng Guoying, and Liu Dehan: Organic geochemical characteristics of major types of terrestrial petroleum source rocks in China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:279-289, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.22 --- Luo Binjie, Yang Xinghua, Lin Hejie, and Zheng Guodong: Characteristics of Mesozoic and Cenozoic non-marine source rocks in north-west China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:291-298, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.23 --- S. C. Brassell, G. Eglinton, Guoying Sheng, and Jiamo Fu: Biological markers in lacustrine Chinese oil shales / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:299-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.24 --- Wang Tieguan, Fan Pu, and F. M. Swain: Geochemical characteristics of crude oils and source beds in different continental facies of four oil-bearing basins, China / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:309-325, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.25 --- D. M. McKirdy, R. E. Cox, and J. G. G. Morton: Biological marker, isotopic and geological studies of lacustrine crude oils in the western Otway Basin, South Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:327, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.26 --- A. C. Hutton: The lacustrine Condor oil shale sequence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:329-340, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.27 --- M. R. Gibling: Cenozoic lacustrine basins of South-east Asia, their tectonic setting, depositional environment and hydrocarbon potential / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:341-351, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.28 --- P. Anadón, L. Cabrera, and R. Julià: Anoxic-oxic cyclical lacustrine sedimentation in the Miocene Rubielos de Mora Basin, Spain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:353-367, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.29 --- R. Crossley and B. Owen: Sand turbidites and organic-rich diatomaceous muds from Lake Malawi, Central Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 40:369-374, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.040.01.30

Description / Table of Contents: L. M. Parson and A. C. Morton: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:ix-xii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.01: Volcanic and Tectonic Framework --- R. S. White: A hot-spot model for early Tertiary volcanism in the N Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:3-13, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.02 --- M. H. P. Bott: A new look at the causes and consequences of the Icelandic hot-spot / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:15-23, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.03 --- J. F. Dewey and B. F. Windley: Palaeocene-Oligocene tectonics of NW Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:25-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.04 --- Dipping Reflectors and NE Atlantic Evolution --- J. C. Mutter and C. M. Zehnder: Deep crustal structure and magmatic processes: the inception of seafloor spreading in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:35-48, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.05 --- J. Skogseid and O. Eldholm: Early Cainozoic evolution of the Norwegian volcanic passive margin and the formation of marginal highs / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:49-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.06 --- L. M. Parson and the ODP Leg 104 Scientific Party: Dipping reflector styles in the NE Atlantic Ocean / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:57-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.07 --- L. G. Viereck, P. N. Taylor, L. M. Parson, A. C. Morton, J. Hertogen, I. L. Gibson, and the ODP Leg 104 Scientific Party: Origin of the Palaeogene Vøring Plateau volcanic sequence / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:69-83, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.08 --- S. T. Gudlaugsson, K. Gunnarsson, M. Sand, and J. Skogseid: Tectonic and volcanic events at the Jan Mayen Ridge microcontinent / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:85-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.09 --- H. C. Larsen and S. Jakobsdóttir: Distribution, crustal properties and significance of seawards-dipping sub-basement reflectors off E Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:95-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.10 --- M. S. Andersen: Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary extension and volcanism around the Faeroe Islands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:115-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.11 --- R. J. Merriman, P. N. Taylor, and A. C. Morton: Petrochemistry and isotope geochemistry of early Palaeogene basalts forming the dipping reflector sequence SW of Rockall Plateau, NE Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:123-134, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.12 --- J. I. Faleide, A. M. Myhre, and O. Eldholm: Early Tertiary volcanism at the western Barents Sea margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:135-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.13 --- L. Kristjansson and J. Helgason: Some properties of basalt lava sequences and volcanic centres in a plate-boundary environment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:147-155, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.14 --- H. C. Larsen: A multiple and propagating rift model for the NE Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:157-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.15 --- E Greenland and the Faeroe Islands --- R. C. O. Gill, T. F. D. Nielsen, C. K. Brooks, and G. A. Ingram: Tertiary volcanism in the Kangerdlugssuaq region, E Greenland: trace-element geochemistry of the Lower Basalts and tholeiitic dyke swarms / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:161-179, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.16 --- P. M. Holm: Nd, Sr and Pb isotope geochemistry of the Lower Lavas, E Greenland Tertiary Igneous Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:181-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.17 --- A. J. C. Hogg, J. J. Fawcett, J. Gittins, and M. P. Gorton: Cyclical tholeiitic volcanism and associated magma chambers: eruptive mechanisms in E Greenland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:197-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.18 --- R. H. Noble, R. M. Macintyre, and P. E. Brown: Age constraints on Atlantic evolution: timing of magmatic activity along the E Greenland continental margin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:201-214, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.19 --- D. H. Tarling, E. A. Hailwood, and R. Løvlie: A palaeomagnetic study of lower Tertiary lavas in E Greenland and comparison with other lower Tertiary observations in the northern Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:215-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.20 --- R. Waagstein: Structure, composition and age of the Faeroe basalt plateau / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:225-238, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.21 --- Volcanism in Basins to the N and W of the British Isles --- F. G. F. Gibb and R. Kanaris-Sotiriou: The geochemistry and origin of the Faeroe-Shetland sill complex / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:241-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.22 --- F. J. Fitch, G. L. Heard, and J. A. Miller: Basaltic magmatism of late Cretaceous and Palaeogene age recorded in wells NNE of the Shetlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:253-262, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.23 --- A. C. Morton, D. Evans, R. Harland, C. King, and D. K. Ritchie: Volcanic ash in a cored borehole W of the Shetland Islands: evidence for Selandian (late Palaeocene) volcanism in the Faeroes region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:263-269, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.24 --- M. S. Stoker, A. C. Morton, D. Evans, M. J. Hughes, R. Harland, and D. K. Graham: Early Tertiary basalts and tuffaceous sandstones from the Hebrides Shelf and Wyville-Thomson Ridge, NE Atlantic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:271-282, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.25 --- M. V. Wood, J. Hall, and J. J. Doody: Distribution of early Tertiary lavas in the NE Rockall Trough / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:283-292, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.26 --- A. C. Morton, J. E. Dixon, J. G. Fitton, R. M. Macintyre, D. K. Smythe, and P. N. Taylor: Early Tertiary volcanic rocks in Well 163/6-1A, Rockall Trough / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:293-308, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.27 --- M. P. Tate and M. R. Dobson: Syn- and post-rift igneous activity in the Porcupine Seabight Basin and adjacent continental margin W of Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:309-334, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.28 --- British Tertiary Igneous Province --- A. E. Mussett, P. Dagley, and R. R. Skelhorn: Time and duration of activity in the British Tertiary Igneous Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:337-348, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.29 --- I. G. Meighan, A. G. McCormick, D. Gibson, J. A. Gamble, and I. J. Graham: Rb-Sr isotopic determinations and the timing of Tertiary central complex magmatism in NE Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:349-360, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.30 --- P. J. O’Connor: Strontium isotope geochemistry of Tertiary igneous rocks, NE Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:361-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.31 --- B. R. Bell and C. H. Emeleus: A review of silicic pyroclastic rocks of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:365-379, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.32 --- R. W. England: The early Tertiary stress regime in NW Britain: evidence from the patterns of volcanic activity / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:381-389, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.33 --- J. H. Bédard, R. S. J. Sparks, R. Renner, R. Hunter, and M. Cheadle: A re-evaluation of the origin and nature of layered peridotite, troctolite and gabbro in the Eastern Layered Series of the Rhum ultrabasic complex, Inner Hebrides / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:391, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.34: The North Sea Sedimentary Record --- O. B. Nielsen and C. Heilmann-Clausen: Palaeogene volcanism: the sedimentary record in Denmark / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:395-405, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.35 --- R. W. O’B. Knox and A. C. Morton: The record of early Tertiary N Atlantic volcanism in sediments of the North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:407-419, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.36 --- A. Nøttvedt, L. T. Berglund, E. Rasmussen, and R. J. Steel: Some aspects of Tertiary tectonics and sedimentation along the western Barents Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:421-425, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.37: Review of Igneous Activity --- B. G. J. Upton: History of Tertiary igneous activity in the N Atlantic borderlands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 39:429-453, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.039.01.38

Description / Table of Contents: J. Brooks: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:ix-xv, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.01 --- Geological and Geochemical Studies of Northwest European Continental Shelf --- P. J. Walmsley: The role of the Department of Energy in petroleum exploration of the United Kingdom / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:3-10, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.02 --- A. Makourine: Gas Exploration and Reserves in Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:11-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.03 --- P. C. Barnard and B. S. Cooper: A Review of Geochemical Data Related to the Northwest European Gas Province / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:19-33, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.04 --- J. L. Gevirtz, B. D. Carey, and S. R. Blanco: Surface Geochemical Exploration in the North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:35-50, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.05 --- E. Faber and W. Stahl: Analytic Procedure and Results of an Isotope Geochemical Surface Survey in an Area of the British North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:51-63, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.06 --- J. Sigalove: Petroleum Offshore Sniffer Exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:65, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.07 --- G. J. Candy: Petroleum Exploration Onshore U.K. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:67-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.08 --- T. P. Brennand: North Sea petroleum exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:69, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.09 --- Hans Rønnevik, Svein Eggen, and Jan Vollset: Exploration of the Norwegian Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:71-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.10 --- D. C. Mudge and G. M. Bliss: Stratigraphy and Sedimentation of the Palaeocene Sands in the Northern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:95-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.11 --- C. D. Curtis: Geochemistry of Porosity Enhancement and Reduction in Clastic Sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:113-125, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.12 --- Hilary Irwin and Andrew Hurst: Applications of Geochemistry to Sandstone Reservoir Studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:127-146, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.13 --- M. J. Pearson and D. Watkins: Organofacies and Early Maturation Effects in Upper Jurassic Sediments From the Inner Moray Firth Basin, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:147-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.14 --- M. J. Pearson, D. Watkins, J-L Pittion, D. Caston, and J. S. Small: Aspects of Burial Diagenesis, Organic Maturation and Palaeothermal History of an Area in the South Viking Graben, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:161-173, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.15 --- C. Cornford, J. A. Morrow, A. Turrington, J. A. Miles, and J. Brooks: Some Geological Controls on Oil Composition in the U.K. North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:175-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.16 --- M. J. Fisher and Jennifer A. Miles: Kerogen Types, Organic Maturation and Hydrocarbon Occurrences in the Moray Firth and South Viking Graben, North Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:195-201, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.17 --- R. H. Reitsema: Geochemistry of North and South Brae Areas, North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:203-212, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.18 --- A. E. Griffith: The Search for Petroleum in Northern Ireland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:213-222, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.19 --- D. G. Roberts: Frontier exploration in Western and Northwest Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:223-224, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.20 --- Petroleum Exploration of Europe --- L. Mattavelli, T. Ricchiuto, D. Grighani, and M. Schoell: Origins of Natural Gas in the Po Valley, N. Italy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:227, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.21 --- M. Schoell and M. J. Whiticar: Isotope Geochemistry of Natural Gases in Central Europe / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:229, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.22 --- K. Kuckelkorn, H. Wehner, and H. Hufnagel: Geochemical Observations and Oil Genesis in the German Alps and their foreland / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:231-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.23 --- D. P. McKenzie: Basin Evolution and Hydrocarbon Generation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:253-254, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.25 --- B. Durand and M. Paratte: Oil Potential of Coals: A Geochemical Approach / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:255-265, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.26 --- P. A. Schenck, J. W. de Leeuw, T. C. Viets, and J. Haverkamp: Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry in Coal Chemistry: a study of the coalification of vitrites and the typification of Australian Brown Coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:267-274, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.27 --- D. J. Batten: Identification of Amorphous Sedimentary Organic Matter by Transmitted Light Microscopy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:275-287, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.28 --- P. M. R. Smith: Spectral Correlation of Spore Coloration Standards / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:289-294, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.29 --- J. M. A. Buiskool Toxopeus: Selection Criteria for the Use of Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Tool / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:295-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.30 --- A. J. G. Barwise: Use of Porphyrins as a Maturity Parameter for Oils and Sediments / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:309-315, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.31 --- Petroleum Geochemical Principles and Techniques --- D. H. Welte, M. A. Yükler, M. Radke, D. Leythaeuser, U. Mann, and U. Ritter: Organic Geochemistry and Basin Modelling — Important Tools in Petroleum Exploration / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:237-252, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.24 --- Geological Information on Hydrocarbon Exploration on the U.K. Continental Shelf --- G. G. Baxter: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:319, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.32 --- D. J. McKay: The Compilation of an Earth Science Bibliography for the North Sea and Adjacent Areas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:321-328, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.33 --- P. Wigley: Commercially Available Geological Databanks—U.K.C.S. / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:329-341, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.34 --- J. R. V. Brooks: Geological Information from Hydrocarbon Exploration on the United Kingdom Continental Shelf / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:343-356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.35 --- K. J. Chew and H. Stephenson: EXPHST—A Program to Analyse the History of Exploration Success within a Basin or Country / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:357-371, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.36 --- G. G. Baxter: The Use of Computerized Information in Britoil, Exploration Division / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 12:373, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.012.01.37

Description / Table of Contents: Weathering Processes --- M. J. Wilson and D. Jones: Lichen weathering of minerals: implications for pedogenesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:5-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.01 --- D. A. Spears: Porewater reactions in the unsaturated zone with special reference to groundwater quality in England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:13-18, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.02 --- David C. Cawsey and Paul Mellon: A review of experimental weathering of basic igneous rocks / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:19-24, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.03 --- Kaolinites, Laterites and Bauxites --- H. Wopfner: Kaolinisation and the formation of silicified wood on late Jurassic Gondwana surfaces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:27-31, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.04 --- J. Esteoule-Choux: Kaolinitic weathering profiles in Brittany: genesis and economic importance / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:33-38, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.05 --- A. Vincent: The origin and occurrence of Devon Ball Clays / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:39-45, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.06 --- S. K. Monro, F. C. Loughnan, and M. C. Walker: The Ayrshire Bauxitic Clay: an allochthonous deposit? / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:47-58, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.07 --- T. R. Marshall, B. J. Amos, and D. Stephenson: Base metal concentrations in kaolinised and silicified lavas of the Central Burma volcanics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:59-68, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.08 --- M. J. McFarlane: A low level laterite profile from Uganda and its relevance to the question of parent material influence on the chemical composition of laterites / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:69-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.09 --- Ida Valeton: Palaeoenvironment of lateritic bauxites with vertical and lateral differentiation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:77-90, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.10 --- J. Esson: Geochemistry of a nickeliferous laterite profile, Liberdade, Brazil / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:91-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.11 --- Red Beds --- R. Gardner: Reddening of tropical coastal dune sands / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:103-115, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.12 --- K. Pye: Post-depositional reddening of late Quaternary coastal dune sands, north-eastern Australia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:117-129, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.13 --- B. M. Besly and P. Turner: Origin of red beds in a moist tropical climate (Etruria Formation, Upper Carboniferous, UK) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:131-147, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.14 --- Duricrusts: Calcretes, Silcretes and Gypcretes --- H. Wopfner: Environment of silcrete formation: a comparison of examples from Australia and the Cologne Embayment, West Germany / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:151-158, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.15 --- W. J. E. van de Graaff: Silcrete in Western Australia: geomorphological settings, textures, structures, and their genetic implications / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:159-166, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.16 --- M. A. Summerfield: Geochemistry of weathering profile silcretes, southern Cape Province, South Africa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:167-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.17 --- C. C. Reeves, Jr: Pliocene channel calcrete and suspenparallel drainage in West Texas and New Mexico / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:179-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.18 --- Donald Carlisle: Concentration of uranium and vanadium in calcretes and gypcretes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:185-195, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.19 --- John Parnell: Ancient duricrusts and related rocks in perspective: a contribution from the Old Red Sandstone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:197-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.20 --- Colin F. Klappa: A process-response model for the formation of pedogenic calcretes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:211-220, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.21 --- A. S. Talma and F. Netterberg: Stable isotope abundances in calcretes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:221-233, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.22 --- F. Netterberg and J. H. Caiger: A Geotechnical classification of calcretes and other pedocretes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:235-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.23 --- R. P. Shaw: Karstic residual fluorite-baryte deposits at two localities in Derbyshire / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:245-249, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.24 --- John A. Catt: Cenozoic pedogenesis and landform development in south-east England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 11:251-258, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1983.011.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION - WHY THIS BOOK? Why study Numerical Geology? Although geologists have dabbled in numbers since the time of Hutton and Playfair, 200 years ago (Merriam 1981e), geology until recently lagged behind other sciences in both the teaching and geological application of mathematics, statistics and computers. Geology Departments incorporating these disciplines in their undergraduate courses are still few (particularly outside the USA). Only two international geomathematical/computing journals are published (Computers & Geosciences; Mathematical Geology), compared with dozens covering, say, petrology or mineralogy. It also remains common practice for years (and $1000s) to be spent setting up computerized machines to produce large volumes of data in machine-readable form, and then for geologists to plot these by hand on a sheet of graph paper! Despite this, the use of numerical methods in geology has now begun to increase at a rate which implies a revolution of no less importance than the plate tectonic revolution of the 1960's -- one whose impact is beginning to be felt throughout the academic, commercial, governmental and private consultative geological communities (Merriam 1969, 1981c). Although a few pioneers have been publishing benchmark papers for some years, the routine usage of machine-based analytical techniques, and the advent of low-priced desk-top microcomputers, have successively enabled and now at last persuaded many more geologists to become both numerate and computerate. Merriam (1980) estimated that two decades of increasing awareness had seen the percentage of geomathematical papers (sensu lato) rise to some 15% of all geological literature; meanwhile, mineralogy-petrology and geochemistry had both fallen to a mere 5% each! In these Notes, geomathematics and numerical geology are used interchangeably, to cover applications of mathematics, statistics and computing to processing real geological data. However, as applications which primarily store or retrieve numbers (e.g. databases) are included, as well as those involving actual mathematical calculations, 'Numerical Geology' is preferred in the title. 'Geomathematics' in this sense should not be confused with 'geostatistics', now usually restricted to a specialised branch of geomathematics dealing with ore body estimation (§20). Reasons for studying Numerical Geology can be summarised as follows: (1) Volumes of new and existing numerical data: The British Geological Survey, the world's oldest, recently celebrated its 150th anniversary by establishing a National Geoscience data-centre, in which it is hoped to store all accumulated records on a computer (Lumsden & Flowarth 1986). Information already existing in the Survey's archives is believed to amount to tens or hundreds of Gb (i.e. = 1010-11 characters) and to be increasing by a few percent annually. The volumes of valuable data existing in the worM's geological archives, over perhaps 250 years of geological endeavour, must therefore be almost immeasurably greater. It is now routine even for students to produce hundreds or thousands of multi-element analyses for a single thesis, while national programs of geochemical sampling easily produce a million individual dement values. Such volumes of data simply cannot be processed realistically by manual means; they require mathematical and statistical manipulation on computers -- in some cases large computers. (2) Better use of coded/digitised data: In addition to intrinsically numerical (e.g. chemical) data, geology produces much information which can be more effectively used if numerically coded. For example, relatively little can be done with records of, say, 'limestone' and 'sandstone' in a borehole log, but very much more can be done if these records are numerically coded as 'limestone = 1' and 'sandstone = 2'. Via encoding, enormous volumes of data are opened to computer processing which would otherwise have lain dormant. More importantly, geological maps - perhaps the most important tool of the entire science - can themselves be digitised (turned into large sets of numbers), opening up vast new possibilities for manipulation, revision, scale-change and other improvements. (3) Intelligent data use: It is absurd to acquire large volumes of data and then not to interpret them fully. Field geologists observing an outcrop commonly split into two (or more) groups, arguing perhaps over the presence or absence of a preferred orientation in kyanite crystals on a schist foliation surface. The possibility of actually measuring these orientations and analyzing them statistically (§17) is rarely aired-- at last in this author's experience! Petrologists are equally culpable when they rely on X-Y or, at maximum 'sophistication', X-Y-Z (triangular) variation diagrams, in representing the evolution of igneous rocks which have commonly been analyzed for up to 50 elements! Whereas some geological controversies (especially those based on interpretation of essentially subjective field observations) cannot be resolved numerically, many others can and should be. This is not to say (as Lord Kelvin did) that quantitative science is the only good science, but qualitative treatment of quantitative data is rarely anything but bad science. (4) Literature search and data retrieval: Most research projects must begin with reviews of the literature and, frequently, with exhaustive compilations of existing data. These are essential if informed views on the topic are to be reached, existing work is not merely to be duplicated, and optimum use is to be made of available funding, The ever-expanding geological literature, however, makes such reviews and compilations increasingly time-consuming and expensive via traditional manual means. Use of the increasing number of both bibliographical and analytical databases (§3) is therefore becoming a prequisite for well-informed, high-quality research. (5) Unification of interests: In these days of inexorably increasing specialisation in ever narrower topics, brought about by the need to keep abreast of the exploding literature, numerical geology forms a rare bridge between different branches not only of geology but of diverse other sciences. The techniques covered in this book are equally applicable (and in many cases have been in routine use for far longer) in biology, botany, geography, medicine, psychology, sociology, zoology, etc. Within geology itself, most topics covered here are as valuable to the stratigrapher as to the petrologist. 'Numerical geologists' are thus in the unique (and paradoxical) position of being both specialists and non-specialists; they may have their own interests, but their numerical and computing knowledge can often help all of their colleagues. (6) Employment prospects: There is a clear and increasing demand for computerate/numerate geologists in nearly all employment fields. In Australia, whose economy is dominated by geology-related activities (principally mining), a comprehensive national survey (AMIRA 1985) estimated that A$40M per annum could be saved by more effective use of computers in geology. Professional computer scientists are also of course in demand, but the inability of some of their number to communicate with 'laymen' is legendary! Consequently, many finns have perpetual need for those rare animals who combine knowledge of computing and mathematics with practical geological experience. Their unique bridging role also means that numerical geologists are less likely to be affected by the vaguaries of the employment market than are more specialised experts. Rationale and aims of this book This is a highly experimental book, constituting the interim text for new (1988) courses in 'Numerical Geology' at the University of Western Australia. It is published in the Springer Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences series precisely because, as the rubric for this series has it, "the timeIiness of a manuscript is more important than its form, which may be unfinished or tentative." Readers are more than welcome to send constructive comments to the author, such that a more seasoned, comprehensive version can be created in due course. Readers' indulgence is meanwhile craved for the number of mistakes which must inevitably remain in a work involving so many citations and cross-references. Emphasis is particularly placed on the word Notes in the series rifle: this book is not a statistical or mathematical treatise. It is not intended to stand on its own, but rather to complement and target the existing literature. It is most emphatically not a substitute for sound statistical knowledge, and indeed, descriptions of each technique are deliberately minimized such that readers shouM never be tempted to rely on this book alone, but should rather read around the subject in the wealth of more authoritative statistical and geomathematical texts cited. In other words, this is a synoptic work, principally about 'how to do', 'when not to do', 'what are the alternatives' and 'where to find out more'. It aims specifically: (1) to introduce geologists to the widest possible range of numerical methods which have already appeared in the literature; and thus (2) to infuse geologists with just sufficient background knowledge that they can: (a) locate more detailed sources of information; (b) understand the broad principles behind interpreting most common geological problems quantitatively; (c) appreciate how to take best advantage of computers; and thereby (d) cope with the "information overload" (Griffiths 1974) which they increasingly face. Even these aims require the reader to become to some extent geologist, computer scientist, mathematician and statistician rolled into one, and a practical balance has therefore been attempted, in which just enough information is hopefully given to expedite correct interpretation and avoidance of pitfalls, but not too much to confuse or deter the reader. Despite the vast literature in mathematics, statistics and computing, and that growing in geomathematics, no previous book was found to fulfill these alms on its own. The range of methods covered here is deliberately much wider than in previous geomathematical textbooks, to provide at least an introduction to most methods geologists may encounter, but other books are consequently relied on for the detail which space here precludes. These Notes adopt a practical approach similar to that in language guidebooks -- at the risk of emulating the 'recipe book' abhorred in some quarters. Every Topic provides a minimum of highly condensed sketch-notes (fuller descriptions are included only where topics are not well covered in existing textbooks), complemented by worked examples using real data from as many fields of geology as space permits. Specialists should thereby be able to locate at least one example close to their problems of the moment. In the earlier (easier) topics, simple worked examples are calculated in full, and equations are given wherever practicable (despite their sometimes forbidding appearance), to enable readers not only to familiarise themselves with the calculations but also to experiment with their own data. In the later (multivariate) topics (where few but the sado-masochistic would wish to try the calculations by hand!), the worked examples comprise simplified output from actual software, to familiarise readers with the types of computer output they may have to interpret in practice. Topics were arranged in previous geomathematical textbooks by statistical subject: 'analysis of variance', 'correlation', 'regression', etc., while nonparametric (rank) methods were usually dealt with separately from classical methods (if at all). Here, topics are arranged by operation (what is to be done), and both classical and rank techniques are covered together, with similar emphasis. When readers know what they want to do, therefore, they need only look in one Topic for all appropriate techniques. The main difficulty of this work is the near impossibility of its goal-- though other books with similarly ambitious goals have been well enough received (e.g.J.Math.Geol. 18(5), 511-512). Some constraints have necessarily been imposed to keep the Notes of manageable size. Geophysics, for example, is sketchily covered, because (i) numerical methods are already far more integrated into most geophysics courses than geology courses; (ii) several recent textbooks (e.g. Cantina & Janecek 1984) cover the corresponding ground for geophysicists. Structural geology is less comprehensively covered or cited than, say, stratigraphy, because (a) it commands many applications of statistics and computing unto itself alone (e.g. 3-D modelling, 'unravelling' of folds), whereas these Notes aim at techniques equally applicable to most branches of geology; (b) excellent comprehensive reviews of structural applications are already available (e.g. Whitten 1969,1981). Remote sensing is also barely covered, since comprehensive source guides similar in purpose to the present one already exist (Carter 1986). For the sake of brevity, phrases throughout this book which refer to males are, with apologies to any whose sensitivities are thereby offended, taken to include females!

Description / Table of Contents: A REVIEW OF NONLINEAR LOW FREQUENCY (LF) WAVE OBSERVATIONS IN SPACE PLASMAS: ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PLASMA TURBULENCE / pp. 1-44 --- GENERATION AND NONLINEAR EVOLUTION OF COMETARY WAVES / pp. 45-76 --- ADVENTURES IN PARAMETER SPACE: A COMPARISON OF LOW-FREQUENCY PLASMA WAVES AT COMETS / pp. 77-119 --- SOLITON THEORY OF QUASI-PARALLEL MHD WAVES / pp. 121-169 --- NONLINEAR EVOLUTION OF MHD WAVES AT THE EARTH'S BOW SHOCK: OPINIONS ON THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN THEORY, SIMULATIONS, AND MEASUREMENTS / pp. 171-224 --- RECENT ADVANCES IN THE THEORY OF NONLINEAR PLASMA MASER / pp. 225-269 --- CHARGING EFFECTS IN PROPAGATION OF WAVES IN DUSTY PLASMAS / pp. 271-291 --- PROPAGATION OF ALFVÉN WAVE PACKET IN AN ANOMALOUS DISPERSION PLASMA / pp. 293-318 --- CHAOTIC ACCELERATION OF ELECTRONS INTERACTING WITH ELECTRON CYCLOTRON WAVE / pp. 319-335 --- NONLINEAR ELF-VLF EFFECTS OBSERVED ON ACTIVNY SATELLITE / pp. 337-358 --- NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL STUDIES OF GLOBAL MAGNETOSPHERIC DYNAMICS / pp. 359-389

Description / Table of Contents: Part 1 / THE NATURE OF TROPOCHEMICAL CELL-TWINNING / Progress of study of known examples of homologous series based on the TCT mechanism --- Chapter 1 / INTRODUCTION / pp. 1-9 --- Chapter 2 / HETEROVALENT VACANCY-COUPLED SUBSTITUTION / pp. 11-13 --- Chapter 3 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES IN THE PbS - Bi2S3 SYSTEM AND EXTENDED LILLIANITE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES / pp. 15-57 --- Chapter 4 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES IN THE MnS - Y2S3 SYSTEM / pp. 59-62 --- Chapter 5 / THE ENSTATITE-IV HOMOLOGOUS SERIES, Me~x/3Mg~2/3Si(x-4)/3Ox or Me~x/3Li~4/3 Si(x-4)/3Ox,WITH Me = Mg, Sc and x = 88, 100, 112 or 124 / pp. 63-111 --- Chapter 6 / HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF OXYBORATES RELATED TO PINAKIOLITE, (Mg, Mn2+, Fe3+) 1.9Mn3+O2[BO3] / pp. 113-159 --- Part II / NEW EXAMPLES OF HOMOLOGOUS SERIES / Based on the TCT mechanism --- Chapter 7 / THE PLAGIONITE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES, Pb3+2xSb8S15+2x, with x = 0, 1, 2, or 3 / pp. 161-213 --- Chapter 8 / HIGH- TEMPERATURE HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF LEAD SULFANTIMONITES, xPbS·Sb2S3, WITH x = 2 or 3 / pp. 215-226 --- SUMMARY AND COMMENTS / pp. 227-231 --- APPENDICES --- 1. Contracted twins / pp. 233-234 --- 2. Characterization of distorted coordination polyhedra / pp. 235-251 --- 3. A collection of papers concerning new structure data of the crystalline phases cited or related to those in the text / pp. 253-314

Description / Table of Contents: Main lectures from the European School of Group Theory held Aug. 15-26, 1994, in Sønderborg, Denmark

Description / Table of Contents: Karen Ziegler, Peter Turner, and Stephen Daines: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:1-3, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.01 --- K. W. Glennie: History of exploration in the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:5-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.02 --- K. W. Glennie: Recent advances in understanding the southern North Sea Basin: a summary / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:17-29, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.03 --- Gareth T. George and Jeremy K. Berry: Permian (Upper Rotliegend) synsedimentary tectonics, basin development and palaeogeography of the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:31-61, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.04 --- John Howell and Nigel Mountney: Climatic cyclicity and accommodation space in arid to semi-arid depositional systems: an example from the Rotliegend Group of the UK southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:63-86, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.05 --- Gregory P. Leveille, Rob Knipe, Colin More, Dave Ellis, Graham Dudley, Greg Jones, Quentin J. Fisher, and Gareth Allinson: Compartmentalization of Rotliegendes gas reservoirs by sealing faults, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:87-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.06 --- Gregory P. Leveille, Tim J. Primmer, Graham Dudley, David Ellis, and Gareth J. Allinson: Diagenetic controls on reservoir quality in Permian Rotliegendes sandstones, Jupiter Fields area, southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:105-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.07 --- Nick Cameron and Tom Ziegler: Probing the lower limits of a fairway: further pre-Permian potential in the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:123-141, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.08 --- David G. Quirk and John F. Aitken: The structure of the Westphalian in the northern part of the southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:143-152, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.09 --- D. G. Quirk: Sequence stratigraphy of the Westphalian in the northern part of the Southern North Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:153-168, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.10 --- F. C. J. Mijnssen: Modelling of sandbody connectivity in the Schooner Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:169-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.11 --- C. S. Yang and Y. A. Baumfalk: Application of high-frequency cycle analysis in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 123:181-203, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.123.01.12

Description / Table of Contents: V. S. Colter: The East Irish Sea Basin — from caterpillar to butterfly, a thirty-year metamorphosis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:1-9, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.01 --- Stratigraphy --- D. I. Jackson, H. Johnson, and N. J. P. Smith: Stratigraphical relationships and a revised lithostratigraphical nomenclature for the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic rocks of the offshore East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:11-32, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.02 --- Geoffrey Warrington: The Penarth Group-Lias Group succession (Late Triassic-Early Jurassic) in the East Irish Sea Basin and neighbouring areas: a stratigraphical review / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:33-46, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.03 --- Regional Structure --- John C. W. Cope: The Mesozoic and Tertiary history of the Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:47-59, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.04 --- R. W. England and N. J. Soper: Lower crustal structure of the East Irish Sea from deep seismic reflection data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:61-72, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.05 --- Paul F. Green, Ian R. Duddy, and Richard J. Bray: Variation in thermal history styles around the Irish Sea and adjacent areas: implications for hydrocarbon occurrence and tectonic evolution / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:73-93, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.06 --- Basin Analysis --- Steven J. Maddox, Richard A. Blow, and Sean R. O’Brien: The geology and hydrocarbon prospectivity of the North Channel Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:95-111, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.07 --- Rob Shelton: Tectonic evolution of the Larne Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:113-133, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.08 --- D. G. Quirk and G. S. Kimbell: Structural evolution of the Isle of Man and central part of the Irish Sea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:135-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.09 --- P. W. Mikkelsen and J. B. Floodpage: The hydrocarbon potential of the Cheshire Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:161-183, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.10 --- A. Francis, M. Millwood Hargrave, P. Mulholland, and D. Williams: Real and relict direct hydrocarbon indicators in the East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:185-194, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.11 --- Geochemistry --- James P. Armstrong, Janet Smith, Victor A. A. D’Elia, and Stephen P. Trueblood: The occurrence and correlation of oils and Namurian source rocks in the Liverpool Bay-North Wales area / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:195-211, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.12 --- John Parnell: Fluid migration history in the north Irish Sea-North Channel region / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:213-228, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.13 --- Caroline Mcgovern-Traa, Jyh-Yih Leu, W. Allan Hamilton, Iain S. C. Spark, and Ian T. M. Patey: The presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria in live drilling muds, core materials and reservoir formation brine from new oilfields / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:229-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.14 --- Sedimentology --- Jillian Thompson and Neil S. Meadows: Clastic sabkhas and diachroneity at the top of the Sherwood Sandstone Group: East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:237-251, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.15 --- Robert D. Herries and Greig Cowan: Challenging the ‘sheetflood’ myth: the role of water-table-controlled sabkha deposits in redefining the depositional model for the Ormskirk Sandstone Formation (Lower Triassic), East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:253-276, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.16 --- Jim Ward: Early Dinantian evaporites of the Easton-1 well, Solway Basin, onshore, Cumbria, England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:277-296, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.17 --- Fault Analysis and Diagenesis --- R. A. Chadwick: Fault analysis of the Cheshire Basin, NW England / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:297-313, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.18 --- Alastair Beach, J. Lawson Brown, Alastair I. Welbon, Jean E. McCallum, Paul Brockbank, and Steven Knott: Characteristics of fault zones in sandstones from NW England: application to fault transmissibility / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:315-324, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.19 --- John Rowe and Stuart D. Burley: Faulting and porosity modification in the Sherwood Sandstone at Alderley Edge, northeastern Cheshire: an exhumed example of fault-related diagenesis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:325-352, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.20 --- P. J. Greenwood and S. M. Habesch: Diagenesis of the Sherwood Sandstone Group in the southern East Irish Sea Basin (Blocks 110/13, 110/14 and 110/15): constraints from preliminary isotopic and fluid inclusion studies / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:353-371, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.21 --- Field Studies --- Greig Cowan and Joanna Bradney: Regional diagenetic controls on reservoir properties in the Millom accumulation: implications for field development / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:373-386, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.22 --- R. A. Blow and M. Hardman: Calder Field appraisal well 110/7a-8, East Irish Sea Basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:387-397, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.23 --- A. M. Yaliz: The Douglas Oil Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:399-416, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.24 --- D. B. Haig, S. C. Pickering, and R. Probert: The Lennox oil and gas Field / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 124:417-436, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.124.01.25

Description / Table of Contents: Jean-Pierre Burg and Mary Ford: Orogeny through time: an overview / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:1-17, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.01 --- Giorgio Ranalli: Rheology of the lithosphere in space and time / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:19-37, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.02 --- P. G. Thomas, P. Allemand, and N. Mangold: Rheology of planetary lithospheres: a review from impact cratering mechanics / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:39-62, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.03 --- P. Choukroune, J. N. Ludden, D. Chardon, A. J. Calvert, and H. Bouhallier: Archaean crustal growth and tectonic processes: a comparison of the Superior Province, Canada and the Dharwar Craton, India / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:63-98, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.04 --- M. G. O’Dea, G. S. Lister, T. Maccready, P. G. Betts, N. H. S. Oliver, K. S. Pound, W. Huang, R. K. Valenta, N. H. S. Oliver, and R. K. Valenta: Geodynamic evolution of the Proterozoic Mount Isa terrain / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:99-122, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.05 --- A. G. Milnes, O. P. Wennberg, Ø. Skår, and A. G. Koestler: Contraction, extension and timing in the South Norwegian Caledonides: the Sognefjord transect / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:123-148, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.06 --- David R. Gray: Tectonics of the southeastern Australian Lachlan Fold Belt: structural and thermal aspects / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:149-177, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.07 --- P. Rey, J.-P. Burg, and M. Casey: The Scandinavian Caledonides and their relationship to the Variscan belt / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:179-200, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.08 --- V. N. Puchkov: Structure and geodynamics of the Uralian orogen / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:201-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.09 --- Simon Lamb, Leonore Hoke, Lorcan Kennan, and John Dewey: Cenozoic evolution of the Central Andes in Bolivia and northern Chile / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 121:237-264, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.121.01.10

Description / Table of Contents: Dr Rod Gayer and Professor Jiri Pesek: Preface / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:vii-viii, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.01 --- Regional Coal Reserves, Coal Basin Tectonics and Stratigraphy --- Josef Doruška: The Czech Republic energy policy: conception and implementation in a market economy / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:1-2, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.02 --- J. Pešek and M. Dopita: Coal production and usage in the Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:3-12, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.03 --- O. Kumpera: Controls on the evolution of the Namurian paralic basin, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:13-27, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.04 --- Miroslav Krs, Jiří Pešek, Petr Pruner, Vladimír Skoček, and Jana Slepičková: The origin of magnetic remanence components of Westphalian C to Stephanian C sediments, West Bohemia: a record of waning Variscan tectonism / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:29-47, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.05 --- Roland Dreesen, Dominique Bossiroy, Rudy Swennen, Jacques Thorez, Aurelio Fadda, Luciano Ottelli, and Eddy Keppens: A depositional and diagenetic model for the Eocene Sulcis coal basin of SW Sardinia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:49-75, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.06 --- H. İnaner and E. Nakoman: Turkish lignite deposits / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:77-99, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.07 --- A. I. Karayigit and M. K. G. Whateley: The origin and properties of a coal seam associated with continental thin micritic limestones, Selimoglu-Divrigi, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:101-114, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.08 --- A. I. Karayigit and M. K. G. Whateley: Chemical characteristics, mineralogical composition and rank of high sulphur coking coals of Middle Miocene age in the Gökler coal field, Gediz, Turkey / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:115-130, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.09 --- Nicolae Ţicleanu and Dorina Diaconiţǎ: The main coal facies and lithotypes of the Pliocene coal basin, Oltenia, Romania / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:131-139, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.10 --- George D. Šiškov: Bulgarian low rank coals: geology and petrology / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:141-148, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.11 --- I. E. Stukalova: Coal petrology and facies associations of the South Yakutian Coal Basin, Siberia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:149-160, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.12 --- Coal Petrology and Palaeontology --- Rod Gayer, Richard Fowler, and Gareth Davies: Coal rank variations with depth related to major thrust detachments in the South Wales coalfield: implications for fluid flow and mineralization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:161-178, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.13 --- J. Dvořák, J. Honěk, J. Pešek, and P. Valterová: Deep borehole evidence for a southward extension of the Early Namurian deposits near Němčičky, S. Moravia, Czech Republic: implication for rapid coalification / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:179-193, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.14 --- Irena Kostova, Kalinka Markova, and Krasimir Kuntchev: Mössbauer spectroscopic investigation of low rank coal lithotypes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:195-199, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.15 --- P. I. Premović, R. S. Nikolić, and M. P. Premović: Comparison of solid state 13C NMR of algal coals/anthracite and charcoal-like fusinites: further evidence for graphitic domains / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:201-205, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.16 --- Ivana Sýkorová, Jaroslav Černý, Helena Pavlíková, and Zuzana Weishauptová: Composition and properties of North Bohemian coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:207-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.17 --- Maya Stefanova and Caroline Magnier: Aliphatic biological markers in Miocene Maritza-Iztok lignite, Bulgaria / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:219-228, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.18 --- Svetilana Syabryaj: Floristic characters of the upper coal-bearing formation in the Transcarpathians / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:229-236, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.19 --- Mineral Matter in Coal and the Environment --- S. R. H. Baqri: The distribution of sulphur in the Palaeocene coals of the Sindh Province of Pakistan / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:237-243, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.20 --- Paul F. Cavender and D. Alan Spears: Sulphur distribution in a multi-bed seam / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:245-260, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.21 --- Vladimír Bouška, Jiří Pešek, and Karel Žák: Values of δ34S in iron disulphides of the North Bohemian Lignite Basin, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:261-267, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.22 --- G. Jankes, O. Cvetković, and T. Glumičić: Determination of different forms of sulphur in Yugoslav soft brown coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:269-272, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.23 --- P. I. Premović, N. D. Nikolić, M. S. Pavlović, LJ. S. Jovanović, and M. P. Premović: Origin of vanadium in coals: parts of the Western Kentucky (USA) No. 9 coal rich in vanadium / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:273-286, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.24 --- D. A. Spears: Environmental impact of minerals in UK coals / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:287-295, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.25 --- Mining Geophysics --- Vít Gregor and Antonín Těžký: A well logging method for the determination of the sulphur content of coal seams by means of deep gammaspectrometry / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:297-307, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.26 --- Karel Mach: A logging correlation scheme for the Main coal seam of the North Bohemian brown coal basin, and the implications for the palaeogeographical development of the basin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:309-320, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.27 --- Karel Holub: Seismic monitoring for rockburst prevention in the Ostrava-Karviná Coalfield, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:321-328, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.28 --- Zdeněk Kaláb: An analysis of mining induced seismicity and its relationship to fault zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:329-335, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.29 --- Stanislav Opluštil, Jiří Pešek, and Jiří Skopec: Comparison of structures derived from mine workings and those interpreted in seismic profiles: an example from the Kačice deposit, Kladno Mine, Bohemia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:337-347, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.30 --- Coal Technology and Coalbed Methane --- J. Barraza, M. Cloke, and A. Belghazi: Improvements in direct coal liquefaction using beneficiated coal fractions / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:349-356, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.31 --- B. R. Aleksić, M. D. Ercegovac, O. G. Cvetković, B. Ž. Marković, T. L. Glumičić, B. D. Aleksić, and D. K. Vitorvić: Conversion of low rank coal into liquid fuels by direct hydrogenation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:357-363, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.32 --- R. Asmatulu, N. Acarkan, G. Onal, and M. S. Celik: Desulphurization of low-rank coals by low-temperature carbonization / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:365-369, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.33 --- Michael K. G. Whateley, Zafer Gencer, and Ertem Tuncali: Amelioration of high organic sulphur coal for combustion in domestic stoves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:371-377, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.34 --- M. Stanojević, G. Jankes, M. Kuburović, M. Stanojević, and P. Blagojević: The use of pulverized lignite/natural gas mixed fuels in the high-temperature process of a cement rotary kiln / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:379-383, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.35 --- Douchko Douchanov and Venecia Minkova: The possibility of underground gasification of Bulgarian Dobrudja’s coal / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:385-390, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.36 --- E. L. Boardman and J. H. Rippon: Coalbed methane migration in and around fault zones / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:391-408, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.37 --- V. Holub, M. Eliáš, P. Hrazdíra, and J. Franců: Geological research into gas sorbed in the coal seams of the Carboniferous in the Mšeno-Roudnice Basin, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:409-423, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.38 --- Ireneusz Grzybek, Lidia Gawlik, Wojciech Suwała, and Ryszard Kuzak: Method for estimating methane emissions from Polish coal mining / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:425-434, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.39 --- G. Takla and Z. Vavrušák: Methane emission and its utilization from Ostrava-Karviná Collieries in the Upper Silesian coal basin, Czech Republic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 125:435-440, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.125.01.40