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  • Articles  (10)
  • Nitrate  (10)
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1982  (10)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (10)
Collection
  • Articles  (10)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1945-1949
Year
Topic
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of deep placement and surface application of nitrogen fertilizers at different light intensities on growth and yield of wetland rice (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 68 (1982), S. 341-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Deep placement ; Light intensity ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Oryza sativa L. ; Rice ; Surface application ; Urea ; Wetland rice ; Yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Lowland rice (RD 3) was cultivated in containers of clay soil submerged with 5 cm water under controlled conditions in the phytotron. Deep placement of urea supergranules 5 cm in the soil significantly enhanced both plant growth and fertilizer efficiency when the plants were cultivated under high light intensity (70 Wm−2). At the highest urea level grain yield increased 119% above the control level, while growth and fertilizer efficiency was not as high when deep placement of calcium nitrate was used. The application of urea prills and calcium nitrate (18.4g Nm−2) in two split doses on the soil surface increased grain yield as much as 91% above the control level. At the lower nitrogen concentration (9.2 g N m−2), the urea prills were more efficient than calcium nitrate as indicated by the grain yield. The height of those plants fertilized by surface application was affected by the concentration and not the type of fertilizer. The number of tillers, however, was significantly higher on urea fertilized plants. When the rice plants were cultivated under low light intensity 930 Wm−2), neither the nitrogen fertilizers nor the method of application had a significant effect on growth and yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197939
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of waterlogging on young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) and on soil solutes at different soil temperatures (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 311-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration ; Calcium ; Carbon dioxide ; Ethylene ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Nitrous oxide ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Roots ; Triticum aestivum ; Waterlogging ; Wheat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We report a study of the mechanism by which the response of plants to waterlogging can be modified by soil temperature. Wheat was grown initially in well-aerated soil in a controlled environment room before the soil was flooded with aerated, deionized water. The soil temperature was maintained constant in the range 6–18°C while the air temperature was at 14°C. Waterlogging damage was greater in plants at the higher soil temperatures when the plants were compared at the same chronological age. However, when compared at the same growth stage, the response to soil temperature was little differenti.e. plants subjected to waterlogging for a long time at low soil temperatures exhibited a similar reduction in growth and other properties as those subjected briefly at higher temperatures. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the soil solution declined rapidly at all temperatures, being almost zero after 36 h waterlogging. Temperature affected rates of change of the concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide, ethylene, nitrous oxide, nitrite, nitrate, calcium and potassium. The importance of soil-and plant-determined properties in the waterlogging response of plants at different temperatures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372453
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors of plant nutrient availability relevant to soil testing (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 64 (1982), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Buffering power ; Nitrate ; Nutrient availability ; Phosphate ; Potassium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In most arable soils the nitrate availability depends mainly on the quantity of nitrate present in the rooting zone at the beginning of the growing season. Easily mineralizable organic N and the release of non-exchangeable NH4 from clay minerals may in addition control the nitrogen availability during a season. In flooded soils, ammonium is the major form of nitrogen absorbed by plants. Ammonium dynamics in these soils is similar to that of potassium. The availability of both is controlled mainly by the intensity and buffering power for ammonium or potassium, respectively. Basically, intensity of the supply and buffering power for phosphate are the main factors determining the phosphate availability. The determination of the phosphate buffer power, especially in the root zone, however, remains to be difficult. Soil test methods should take into consideration the major factors and processes relevant to the availability of a particular plant nutrient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375167
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate reductase activity and growth response of forest species to ammonium and nitrate sources of nitrogen (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 373-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Eucalypt ; Forest ; Nitrate ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrification ; Pine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Three tree species,Eucalyptus regnans (F. Muell.),E. obliqua (L'Herit.),Pinus radiata (D. Don) were grown in sand culture with different proportions of nitrate and ammonium. Nitrate Reductase Activity (NRA) was induced in root tissue of all species and in leaf tissue of the eucalypts. An increasing proportion of nitrate resulted in increasing NRA in all species and hence NRA alone is no indication of N-preference. The highest NRA was found withE. regnans, a result which has also been obtained in the mature forest. The growth ofE. regnans was least with NH4 + alone, whereas that ofE. obliqua was least with NO3 − alone. The soils of matureE. regnans forest have a high potential for nitrification while those ofE. obliqua forest show little nitrification. Thus the preference for particular N sources shown by seedlings in culture is supported by related properties of mature forests. It is postulated however, that the inducibility of a high level of RNA in seedlings is more likely a result of a preference for NO3 − than a cause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183803
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of ammonium and nitrate uptake by young rice plants (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Nitrate ; Nutrient interactions ; Oryza sativa ; Rice ; Solution culture ; Uptake kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An important process which affects the fate of fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to a rice crop is crop N uptake. This uptake rate is controlled by many factors including the N-ion species and its concentration. In this study the relation between N concentration at the root surface and N uptake was characterized using Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The equation considers two parameters, Vmax and Km, which are measures of the maximum rate of uptake and the affinity of the uptake sites for the nutrient, respectively. Uptake rates of intact rice plants growing in a continuously flowing nutrient solution system were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model using a weighted regression analysis. For NH4−N the Km values for 4- and 9-week-old rice plants indicated a high affinity for the ammonium ions relative to concentrations reported for rice soils after fertilization. The Vmax values expressed on a unit-root-mass basis decreased with plant age, indicating a reduction in the average density of uptake sites on the root surface. The kinetics of NO3−N uptake was similar to that of NH4−N when NO3−N was the only N source. However, if NH4−N and NO3−N were present simultaneously in the solution the Vmax for the uptake of NO3−N was severely reduced, while the Km was affected very little. This inhibition appears to be noncompetitive. Fertilization of young rice plants leading to concentration of N at the root surface above approximately 900 μM will not increase crop uptake and may contribute to inefficient N recovery by the crop. The existence of NH4−N and NO3−N simultaneously at the root surface may also lead to inefficient N recovery because of reduced uptake of NO3−N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374517
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Availability of fixed NH4 + to crops (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 345-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Fixed ammonium ; Maize ; Mineralization ; Nitrate ; Nitrite ; Rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Significantly lower amounts of exchaneable NH4, soluble NO3 and clay-fixed NH4 forms of N were observed in the unfertilized fields with high rather than low-density cropped plots. Irrespective of planting densitites, the fixed NH4 content in soil increased with increase in the period of crop growth. N uptake by plant and total bacterial population of rhizosphere soil were significantly higher in the plots with the high than with the low-density planting. Availability of native fixed NH4 + to crops and biological utilization of a considerable amount of recently mineralized NH4 + in fixed form is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375055
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of copper and nitrogen on the amino acid composition of oat straw (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Ammonium ; Avena sativa ; Copper ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen ; Oats ; Protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of fertilization with nitrogen and copper on the amino acid composition of oat straw has been studied. The plants (Avena sativa cv Yielder) were grown in peat with a very low copper content and supplied with two levels of nitrogen (NH4 or NO3) and three levels of copper sulphate. The higher level of nitrogen stimulated growth only when copper was added, whereas, without copper, it had an adverse effect on growth and prevented grain formation altogether. The higher level of nitrogen increased the nitrogen content of the straw at all levels of copper, but particularly in plants receiving no copper. Total amino acids in the straw hydrolysate of copper sufficient oats accounted for about 50% of the total N and was about 20% higher in copper-deficient tissues. The addition of copper caused a decrease in the amounts of all amino acids. The relative proportions of most of the amino acids to glycine remained fairly constant. Threonine, serine, alanine, iso-leucine, histidine and arginine showed small significant differences with copper treatment, whereas valine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, proline, lysine and cysteic acid (derived from cysteine and cystine) showed no differences. The proportion of aspartic acid relative to glycine in the straw hydrolysate was greatly increased in copper deficient plants supplied with the higher level of nitrogen, particularly as ammonium. The proportion of glutamic acid was also increased by the higher level of nitrogen, but showed no effect of added copper. Most of the difference in aspartic acid could be accounted for as free asparagine. The possible reasons for higher proportions of asparagine are discussed in relation to the metabolism of the oat plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183973
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fertilization in citrus (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 66 (1982), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Citrus ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen absorption ; Nitrogen isotope ; Nitrogen nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The absorption rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer labelled with15N was studied during the flowering and fruit set periods inCitrus mitis Bl., trees grown in sand culture. The absorbed N was concentrated preferentially in ovaries, young fruits, new flush leaves and new flush twigs, but N supplied to these organs comes mostly from the N reserve in old leaves, old twigs and stem, and roots, and less than 3% of the absorbed N reached ovaries and young fruits. Nitrogen translocation to young fruits was higher during the fruit set period. Spring leaves were an essential organ since they received a large portion of the absorbed N and were quickly converted into a supplying organ. Old leaves, old twigs and stem, and roots supplied a great deal of N to developing organs; during fruit set, their N supply was replenished with N coming from fertilizer. During flowering, trees absorbed 30 mg per 1000g of whole tree (dry weight) and per day. During fruit set, this amount increased considerably.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183800
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nitrogen balance of vegetable crops irrigated with untreated effluent (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 67 (1982), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Chile ; Drinking water ; Irrigation ; N-cycling ; Nitrate ; Sewage ; Vegetables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumen En areas dedicadas al cultivo de hortalizas cercanas a Santiago de Chile se añaden a los cultivosca. 780 kg N ha−1 año−1 con el agua de riego proveniente de efluentes municipales no tratados. De esta cantidad entre 161 y 287 kg N ha−1 año−1 es extraido por cosecha y gran parte del remanente aparentemente alcanza el agua freática que está a profundidades entre 1 y 15 m. El nivel de nitratos en los pozos utilizados para el consumo humano excede los valores máximos permisibles.
    Notes: Abstract In the agricultural areas near Santiago, Chile,ca. 780 kg N ha−1 yr−1 are added to vegetable cropsvia irrigation with untreated sewage effluent draining from the metropolitan area. Nitrate levels in surface wells in the area, from which drinking water is derived, often exceed established limits for human consumption. Of the 779 kg N ha−1 added to crops in one year, 161–287 kg N ha−1 yr−1 were removed by crop harvest and much of the remainder apparently eventually leached to the 1–15 m deep water table.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182769
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of a direct nitrate-trifoliin A interaction in the Rhizobium-clover symbiosis (1982)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 69 (1982), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Clover ; Combined nitrogen ; Lectin ; Nitrate ; Nitrogen-13 ; Rhizobium trifolii ; Symbiosis ; Trifoliin A ; Trifolium repens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrate added at critical concentrations to plant growth medium inhibits the infection of legume roots by Rhizobium. The direct interaction, of nitrate and trifoliin A, a Rhizobium-recognition lection from white clover (Trifolium repens L.), was examined as a possible basis for this regulation. Selective molecular ultrafiltration studies to detect ligand-protein interactions showed that radioactive13NO3 − did not bind directly to trifoliin A when incubated at two molar ratios. Immunoprecipitation of trifoliin A by its homologous antibody was unaffected by 15 mM NO3 −. In addition, there was no apparent reduction in attachment ofR. trifolii 0403 to root hairs of clover seedings during 1 h of incubation in the presence of 15 mM NO3 −. These results show that nitrate inhibition of these early steps of the infection process is not due to a direct interaction of nitrate with trifoliin A or its glycosylated receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374520
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