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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (840)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (328)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
  • 1980-1984  (1,470)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1982  (1,470)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (1,470)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Effect of temperature distribution on continuous rapid ethanol formation in molasses fermentation (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 797-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recently, considerable interest has been shown in the study and analysis of immobilized cell reactors. One of the major uses of such a reactor system is expected to be in ethanol production from carbohydrates. One distinct disadvantage of this system is carbon dioxide gas holdup associated with unsteady-state temperature distribution across the reactor. Taking into account the earlier published data and assuming steady-state-substrate balance, and unsteady-state energy balance, and an average gas holdup of 20% with the heat retained by the gas neglected, the average reaction rate in the differential element was computed. Finally, a mathematical model to predict steady-state temperature profile along the reactor was developed. It was verified with experimental data obtained from an immobilized yeast reactor column (1 m × 14.5 cm). The experimental data fit well those computed from the model within an accuracy of 5%.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240404
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase on copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 837-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcohol dehydrogenase has been immobilized to the basic copolymer and its several derivatives using various techniques. Enzyme coupling to the supports with amino groups by means of glutaraldehyde was found the most suitable. Activity of alcohol dehydrogenase coupled to these amino supports was comparable to that of the enzyme bound to Sepharose. Thermal and pH stability of alcohol dehydrogenase increased essentially upon immobilization. Kinetic properties of the immobilized enzyme differed from those of free alcohol dehydrogenase, pH optimum shifted to alkaline range, and apparent Michaelis constants for substrates and coenzymes increased. Curvatures observed in Lineweaver-Burk plots for coenzymes suggest an involvement of diffusion effects in the reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase linked to these polymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of the acid precipitation of soya protein in a continuous-flow tubular reactor (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 871-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The acid precipitation of soya protein was studied in a continuous-flow tubular reactor under conditions of turbulent flow. Preliminary batchwise experiments of a semiquantitative nature were also carried out on a bench-scale reactor to better define the parameters affecting precipitate growth. The experiments indicated the dominant growth mechanism to be the aggregation of primary precipitate particles produced by the contacting of the protein and acid streams. The rate of particle growth was observed to rise with an increase in the protein concentration as well as with greater intensity of turbulence. The final mean particle size decreased with increased intensity of turbulence. A theoretical model was set up to simulate the growth of the precipitate particles.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240410
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Film diffusional influences on the kinetic parameters in packed-bed immobilized enzyme reactorsNCL communication no 2752 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 763-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A number of studies on packed-bed immobilized enzyme reactors have shown the significant influence of the external film mass transfer resistance on the apparent kinetic parameters. Some of the earlier mathematical models using approximation techniques have attempted to explain the linearity of the S0x vs ln (1 - x) plots observed experimentally for systems obeying Michaelis-Menten kinetics. However, there has been no critical examination of the bounds of validity of the approximations used. Further, the situations where the above linearity is not valid have been examined neither conceptually nor quantitatively. The work presented here overcomes these drawbacks of the earlier analyses by approaching the problem from a different angle. Methods of evaluation of the intrinsic kinetic parameters under different experimental situations have been outlined and illustrated with several examples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen fluoride saccharification of wood: Lignin fluoride content, isolation of α-D-glucopyranosyl fluoride and posthydrolysis of reversion products (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 903-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Wood chips from bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata Michx.) were saccharified by reaction with liquid hydrogen fluoride either anhydrous or containing up to 10% v/v water. The reaction products were separated into a solid lignin fraction and a water-soluble saccharide fraction. The fluoride content of the lignin (determined after alkaline fusion) was initially about 1 mg/g wood, but was lowered to 0.1 mg/g wood by grinding and washing. Thus little or no chemical binding of fluoride to lignin occurred during hydrogen fluoride (HF) solvolysis. Analysis of the water-soluble fraction by gel filtration on Biogel P2 columns showed a range of low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides and only 10-20% sugar monomers. Thus considerable reversion occurred during HF evacuation. Posthydrolysis conditions were optimized for these reversion products by varying temperature and acid concentration. Optimal conditions at 1 h were 140°C with 100mN sulfuric acid or 225mN Hydrofluoric acid resulting in monomer yields of 〉 90% for 0.5% sugar solutions and 〉 80% for 10% sugar solutions. After reaction of pure cellulose (Filter paper) with hydrogen fluoride in the absence of water, and terminating the reaction with calcium carbonate, the reaction intermediate α-D-glucopyranosylfluoride was isolated with a maximal yield of 0.2 g/g paper. Upon purification via paper chromatography glucosylfluoride was identified by its specific rotation and also by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of its tetra-O-trimethylsilyl derivative.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240412
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentiometric quantitation of glycerol using immobilized glycerol dehydrogenase (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 971-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glycerol dehydrogenase was immobilized in polyacrylamide gel layered over a small platinum screen and used to catalyze the oxidation of glycerol. In the presence of NAD+ and potassium ferricyanide, the coupling reaction generated a measurable electrical potential which was found to be Nernstian with respect to the glycerol concentration range of 10-4M to 10-1M. The reproducibility of the measurement and the optimal conditions for glycerol determination were described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240416
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of polyphenolic compounds on the growth and cellulolytic activity of a strain of trichoderma viride (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 983-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240420
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and properties of immobilized lipases (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1007-1013 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240423
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous-culture studies on the regulation of tylosin biosynthesis (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1093-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The metabolic regulation of tylosin synthesis by Streptomyces fradiae NRRL 2702 was studied in batch and chemostat cultures using a soluble synthetic medium. In batch culture a medium which diminished the trophophase-idiophase kinetic pattern was used to assess the activities of the enzymes involved in tylosin synthesis. The enzymes methylmalonyl-coenzyme A carboxyltransferase (EC 2.1.3.1) and propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) showed early enzymatic derepression, both enzymes reaching their highest specific activities after 72-96 fermentation. The activity of macrocin 3′ -O-methyltransferase, the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of macrocin (tylosin C) to tylosin (tylosin A). also peaked at 72 h. The specific activities of the three enzymes showed close correlation with the qtylosin value. In chemostat cultures the activities of the enzymes and the intracellular level of the adenylate pool and energy charge were studied as a function of dilution rate. Under steady-state conditions, increases in the specific growth rate repressed the enzymes activities with a concomitant increase in the intracellular level of the adenylate pool, while the adenylate energy charge remained almost constant and in the range 0.5-0.52. The highest specific activities of the enzymes were observed when D = 0.008 h -1. The specific rate of tylosin synthesis was inversely proportional to the specific growth rate and the intracellular level of adenylate pool. The pool of adenylate could be a nutritional parameter which had a considerable influence on the biosynthesis of tylosin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240506
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusive and hydraulic transfer of solutes through homogeneous membranes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1135-1144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rates of hydraulic transport of water, solute permeabilities, and sieving coefficients of homogeneous κ-carrageenan and bovine serum albumin membranes were measured. These values increased with the water content of membranes. The data show good agreement with the predictions based on the pore model.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240510
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