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  • Articles  (9)
  • superconductivity  (5)
  • Quantitative morphology  (4)
  • Springer  (5)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Elsevier
  • Wiley
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • 1980-1984
  • 2008
  • 1992  (9)
  • 1982
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (5)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (4)
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  • Articles  (9)
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Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (5)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Elsevier
  • Wiley
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • 1980-1984
Year
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  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (5)
  • Natural Sciences in General  (4)
  • Physics  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship among oxygen content, defect distribution and superconductivity in BiSrCaCuO systems (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 5 (1992), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O ; superconductivity ; phase structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of oxygen content on superconductivity of the 2212 and 2223 phase has been studied. By comparing the excess oxygen, the modulation vector, the XRD patterns, and the electric resistivity of 2212 and 2223 phase samples obtained with different post-annealing conditions, i.e., annealing at 600°C or quenching from 860°C, it was found that the super-conductivity is markedly influenced by both the defect distribution in non-Bi layers and the interstitial oxygens incorporated in the Bi-O layers. A tentative explanation for this is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617988
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    60-Hz AC losses in Ag-doped high-temperature superconductors (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 5 (1992), S. 25-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: YBa2Cu3O7(Ag) ; superconductivity ; ac losses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 60-Hz ac lossesP were measured at temperature 77 K for sintered powder (YBa2Cu3O7)1-x Ag x samples as a function of applied magnetic fieldh. Rod-shaped samples were cut from pellets forx= 0 and 0.05. The losses were measured in a uniform ac magnetic fieldh applied parallel to the sample surface. Measurements were made in fields up toh= 1000 A/cm rms at temperature 4.2 K and up toh=600 A/cm rms at temperature 77 K. The results may indicate an increase of the intergranular current density and are discussed in relation to the grain size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617992
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of silver on the phase formation of the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductors (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 5 (1992), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Ag substitution ; BPSCCO ; bismuth ; Raman spectroscopy ; superconductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of Ag substitution on the formation of the superconducting phases in the BPSCCO system have been investigated by Raman spectroscopy and XRD. The silver was found either to accelerate the formation of the 2212 phase or to reduce the formation temperature of the 2212 phase. Moreover, addition of even a small amount of silver (Bi∶Pb∶Ag=8∶2∶1) poisons or inhibits the formation of the 2223 phase. However, there is no apparent effect on theT c of both the 2212 and 2223 phases. In addition, the presence of silver does not alter the mechanism for the formation of the PBSCCO superconducting phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617631
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of superconductivity. II. Excited Cooper pairs. Why does sodium remain normal down to 0 K? (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 5 (1992), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Theory ; superconductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Based on a generalized BCS Hamiltonian in which the interaction strengths (V 11,V 22,V 12) among and between “electron” (1) and “hole” (2) Cooper pairs are differentiated, the thermodynamic properties of a type-I superconductor below the critical temperatureT c are investigated. An expression for the ground-state energy,W-W 0, relative to the unperturbed Bloch system is obtained:W-W 0=−1/4[N 1(0)Δ 1 2 +N 2(0)Δ 2 2 ], whereN j(0) represent the electron and hole densities of states at the Fermi energy εF, and Δj are the solutions of the simultaneous equations, $$\Delta _j = \tfrac{1}{2}V_{j1} N_1 (0)\Delta _1 {\text{ sinh}}^{ - {\text{1}}} (\hbar \omega _D /\Delta _1 ) + \tfrac{1}{2}V_{j2} N_2 (0)\Delta 2_2 {\text{ sinh}}^{ - {\text{1}}} (\hbar \omega _D /\Delta _2 )$$ with ωD denoting the Debye frequency. The usual BCS formulas are obtained in the limits: (all)V jl=V0,N 1(0) =N 2(0). Any excitations generated through the BCS interaction Hamiltonian containingV jl must involve Cooper pairs of antiparallel spins and nearly opposite momenta. The nonzero momentum orexcited Cooper pairs belowT c are shown to have an excitation energy band minimum lower than the quasi-electrons, which were regarded as the elementary excitations in the original BCS theory. The energy gapε g(T) defined relative to excited and zero-momentum Cooper pairs (whenV jl〉0) decreases fromε g(0) to 0 as the temperatureT is raised from 0 toT c. If “electrons” only are available as in a monovalent metal like sodium (V 12=0), the energy constant Δ1 is finite but the energy gap vanishes identically for allT. In agreement with the BCS theory, the present theory predicts that a pure nonmagnetic metal in any dimensions should have a Cooper-pair ground state whose energy is lower than that of the Bloch ground state. Additionally it predicts that a monovalent metal should remain normal down to 0K, and that there should be no strictly one-dimensional superconductor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618000
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How to optimize high-Tc superconductive cuprates (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 5 (1992), S. 203-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Cuprates ; superconductivity ; review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Different ways to optimizeT c 's and the magnetic properties of high-T c superconductive cuprates are described and discussed. Oxygen intercalation-desintercalation phenomena and cationic substitutions (M3+ for M2+ or vice versa) lead to a variation of the hole carrier density and can have a drastic influence onT c 's, as shown for bismuth, thallium, and lead-based cuprates, as well as for La2CuO4 and “123”-type superconductors. In the former, the role of hole reservoirs for the rock salt type layers is outlined. The modification of the hybridization of orbitals can also explain the variations ofT c 's observed in some systems like Y1−x Ca x Ba2Cu3−x :Fe x O7 in which the oxidation state of copper remains constant. A critical current density enhancement can be realized by irradiating high-T c materials by high-energy heavy ions because of the peculiar columnar structure of the heavy ion-induced tracks. The effects of such columnar defects, 70 Å in diameter, on flux pinning, magnetic relaxation, and location of the irreversibility line of bismuth-based 2212 crystals irradiated by 6-GeV Pb ions are reported. We observe a strong shift of the irreversibility line toward high fields and temperatures, indicating that pinning effects must be taken into account in the vortex lattice motion. Such induced changes are accompanied by a strong enhancement of the critical current density and a significant enlargement of the irreversibility region in theH,T plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617621
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphology for biologists and computer scientists: I. Computer-aided tutorial for biological stereology (version 1.0) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 338-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Tutorial ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Software ; Quantitative morphology ; Stereology ; Morphometry ; Simulations ; Terminology ; Data types ; Sampling ; Hierarchies ; Interpretation of data ; Bio-Matrix Project ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This paper describes a computer-aided tutorial for biological stereology. Stereology, a type of quantitative morphology, includes a collection of statistical methods that quantify the structural compartments that can be viewed in sections with light and electron microscopy. These methods provide volume, surface, length, shape, and number data, and help define the quantitative relationships among the structural compartments of biological hierarchies. Hierarchies, which connect structural data ranging in size from molecules to organs, serve as a central core to which the data of biological databases can be linked. The tutorial focuses on two objectives. It provides the user primarily interested in using quantitative morphology databases with background information, and offers a set of state-of-the-art tools to researchers wishing to use these methods in the laboratory. The main topics of the tutorial include: introduction to quantitative morphology, symbols/terms, data types, sampling, hierarchies, data interpretation, and utilities. The tutorial runs under the MS-DOS operating system and requires at least an IBM PC AT (or compatible), a color monitor (EGA, VGA), 540 KB of RAM, and 3 MB of hard disk space. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210409
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer assisted data collection for stereology: Rationale and description of point counting stereology (PCS) software (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 347-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Quantitative morphology ; Morphometry ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; PCS System III ; MS-DOS ; UNIX ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The paper describes microcomputer software for point counting stereology. Stereology includes a collection of statistical methods that quantify the images of light and transmission electron microscopy. The methods use test grids placed over images to collect raw data, which includes counts of points, intersections, transections, and profiles. In turn, the counts are included in stereological equations that give estimates of compartmental volumes, surfaces, lengths, or numbers. These parameters describe the composition of a structure in three-dimensional space. The PCS (point counting stereology) System Software III serves as a data collection, storage, and management tool. Users set up point counting protocols without programming, enter data by pressing predefined function (MS-DOS) or alphabetic keys (UNIX), store data in files, select files for analysis, and calculate results as stereological densities. The latest version of the PCS software includes a new user interface and is designed as a research “front end” that can feed data either into the calculation tools of a stereology tutorial (Bolender, 1992, this issue) or into the analysis routines of quantitative morphology databases (Bolender and Bluhm, 1992). © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210410
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the mammalian pinealocyte under natural and experimental conditions: Quantitative aspects (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 116-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Quantitative morphology ; Morphometry ; Synaptic ribbons ; Dense-cored vesicles ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: This review briefly summarizes data accumulated on the quantitative aspects of the ultrastructure of the mammalian pinealocyte. Quantitative changes have been demonstrated under natural and experimental conditions in pinealocyte cell organelles in various species. Special attention is paid to two cytoplasmic components most frequently studied by means of quantitative electron microscopy, namely, dense-core vesicles and “synaptic” ribbons.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological stereology: History, present state, future directions (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 21 (1992), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Sterology ; Morphometry ; Quantitative morphology ; Computers ; Software ; Tutorials ; Simulations ; Databases ; Bio-Matrix Project ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The development of a quantitative structural platform for experimental biology - extending across a hierarchy of sizes ranging from molecules to organisms - has been punctuated by a series of major achievements over the last 30 years. Stereology, a form of quantitative morphology, has contributed handsomely to this success. A personal view is presented highlighting key events in the development of biological stereology. We also examine stereology with a view toward future developments in biology and speculate how stereology might contribute to the new biological infrastructure currently being built with computers. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070210402
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