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  • Artikel  (62)
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  • Springer  (62)
  • American Chemical Society
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  • Institute of Physics
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  • 2005-2009
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Wirkung von Maillard-Produkten und Lysinoalanin auf die Bioverfügbarkeit von Eisen, Kupfer und Zink (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 30 (1991), S. 50-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Maillard-Produkte ; LAL ; Bioverfügbarkeit ; Eisen ; Kupfer ; Zink ; Maillard products ; LAL ; bioavailability ; iron ; copper ; zinc
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Bioavailability of iron, copper, and zinc was investigated in suckling rats. The essential trace elements were given once either with several isolated Maillard products and with LAL, respectively, or with differently heat-treated formula diets. The isolated substances revealed effects on bioavailability of all the elements tested, either on the preresorptive or on the postresorptive level. The formula diets affected only the bioavailability of copper — even when fed for several weeks.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Bioverfügbarkeit von Eisen, Kupfer und Zink untersucht, wenn diese essentiellen Spurenelemente 1. mit einigen isolierten Maillard-Produkten bzw. LAL, oder 2. mit thermisch unterschiedlich belasteten Testnahrungen einmalig an Säuglingsratten verabreicht wurden. Durch die isolierten Testsubstanzen ließen sich bei allen drei Elementen Effekte auf der präresorptiven und/oder postresorptiven Ebene erzielen. Die Testnahrungen beeinflußten — auch wenn sie fünf Wochen lang verfüttert wurden — nur die Bioverfügbarkeit des Kupfers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01910732
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Age-related lipid peroxidation in the digestive gland of mussels: The role of the antioxidant defence systems (1991)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 454-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): aging ; mussels ; free radicals ; antioxidant systems ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The main cellular defence systems against free radical-mediated oxidative stress are significantly reduced in the dige+ive gland of aged (〉10 years old) compared to younger (2–4 years old) mussels (Mytilus edulis L.). Moreover, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde) is increased in the same age group with respect to younger animals. The obtained data indicate that an impairment of the antioxidant defence systems would render the older animals more susceptible to peroxidative stress, thus supporting the general significance of the free radical theory of aging.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959942
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absolute bioavailability of nicotine applied to different nasal regions (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 585-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Nicotine ; bioavailability ; nasal spray
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The absolute bioavailability of nicotine administered nasally, as drops to the nasal conchae and nasal septum, and as a nasal spray, has been studied in eight healthy volunteers. Single nasal doses of 1 mg nicotine were given and plasma concentrations of nicotine were followed for 6 h. Compared to an intravenous infusion of nicotine, the bioavailability of the nasal administrations was 60 to 75%. The rate of absorption was fast, the maximum concentration being reached after about 10 min. In the present study, there was no significant difference in the rate or extent of absorption between the different nasal treatments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314989
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in children: comparative study of intranasal and intravenous administration (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Midazolam ; pharmacokinetics ; intranasal ; intravenous ; children ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Twelve children 1–5 y old were randomly assigned to receive midazolam 0.2 mg·kg−1 either by the intravenous (IV) or intranasal (IN) routes. After IN administration the rapid onset of absorption was observed (tmax 12 min). After both routes of administration the half-life was similar (2.2 h IN and 2.4 h IV). After IN administration the apparent plasma clearance and volume of distribution were about twice as high as after IV administration. The results are consistent with an estimated mean bioavailability of 55%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314967
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antiatherosclerotic effect of probucol in WHHL rabbits: Are there plasma parameters to evaluate this effect? (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. S77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Atherosclerosis ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants ; probucol ; WHHL rabbit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Probucol has been used as a lipid-lowering agent for over 10 years. Lately it has been found that its antiatherogenic action is due mainly to its antioxidative capacity, in addition to its known lipid-lowering effect. To study the antioxidative capability of probucol and its influence on plaque developement we used the animal model of the LDL-receptor-defective Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. In this study we measured all lipid values before and after probucol feeding and compared them with corresponding values in untreated controls. Probucol levels were determined, as were the physiological antioxidants alpha and gamma tocopherol (vitamin E). Thiobarbituric reactive substances were measured in plasma as a parameter for lipid peroxidation. In addition to the biochemical measurements the plaque area was analyzed macroscopically and microscopically to check the antiatherosclerotic effect and correlate it with the biochemical parameters. In four experiments we showed that probucol treatment in WHHL rabbits decreases the progression of atherosclerotic plaques by way of a combined lipid-lowering and antioxidative effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01409414
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Difference between single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of orphenadrine hydrochloride in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 343-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): orphenadrine ; single dose ; multiple doses ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; N-demethylorphenadrine ; metabolism ; dog ; man
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma concentrations of orphenadrine were measured by a specific gaschromatographic method in 5 healthy male volunteers after a single oral dose of orphenadrine hydrochloride 100mg. The single dose pharmacokinetic profile of orphenadrine was evaluated from these data. The elimination half-life ranged from 13.2–20.1 h after the commercial tablet formulation. Plasma concentrations, determined in volunteers and patients under different conditions of repeated oral administration of the same formulation of orphenadrine hydrochloride exceeded the theoretical values, predicted from the single dose pharmacokinetics, by a factor 2 to 3. The elimination half-lives after discontinuation of treatment showed a 2 to 3-fold increase over the single dose values. This demonstrates a clear discrepancy between the multiple and single dose pharmacokinetics of orphenadrine. Experiments in dogs suggested competition for biotransformation between orphenadrine and its metabolite N-demethylorphenadrine. Product inhibition of this type could explain the observed discrepancy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637624
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of indapamide — A new antihypertensive drug (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): indapamide ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two formulations of indapamide tablets (2.5 mg) were given as a 5.0 mg dose and the subsequent blood levels were compared to those obtained after administration of a 5.0 mg solution. The study was conducted as a randomized three-way crossover design using healthy male volunteers. The drug was well tolerated by all the subjects involved. The area under the blood concentration versus time curve, extrapolated to infinity was essentially the same for all three formulations (4.2, 4.7, and 4.4 µg-h/ml). Statistical comparison of the blood levels from the two tablets showed that one tablet had a significantly greater maximum blood concentration (263 vs 231 ng/ml) and a significantly shorter time of maximum blood concentration (2.3 vs 3.5 h). Cmax (333 ng/ml) and tmax (0.7 h) values for the solution were significantly higher than either tablet. The average half-life (β-phase) for all three formulations was 15 h, while the average systemic clearance was 20 ml/min. Indapamide has a low clearance rate and there was no evidence that the drug undergoes a first-pass effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548396
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absorption and bioavailability of rectally administered morphine in women (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): morphine ; rectal administration ; i.m. administration ; gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis ; bioavailability ; plasma levels
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 21 healthy women undergoing gynaecological operations received rectal premedication with morphine 0.3 mg/kg body weight. Plasma concentrations of morphine were followed for 4 h by a GC/MS technique. In most patients the peak plasma concentration was reached after 30 min; the mean peak plasma level of morphine was 18 ng/ml (range 8.5–57 ng/ml). The bioavailability of rectal morphine was determined in 6 patients, who received an i.m. injection of morphine at a second operation. The mean bioavailability of rectal morphine was 31% (range 12%–61%). None of the patients showed any clinical sign of respiratory depression, and there was no increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension measured in 5 patients operated under spinal block.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061378
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of ergotamine after intravenous and intramuscular administration to migraine sufferers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): ergotamine ; pharmacokinetics ; migraine ; plasma drug levels ; i.v. administration ; i.m. administration ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The kinetics of ergotamine has been investigated in migrainous patients using a new, specific, sensitive HPLC assay (detection limit 100 pg/ml plasma). 10 patients were given ergotamine tartrate 0.5 mg i.v. and 5 of them received the same dose i.m. 2–3 weeks later. Blood samples were collected for up to 54 h following administration and the plasma concentration were analysed. After intravenous administration the plasma ergotamine declined rapidly, with an initial distribution half-life of 3 min followed by a mean terminal half-life of 1.86 h (range 90–155 min). The mean total plasma clearance was 11.0 ml kg−1 min−1, and the volume of distribution (Vdβ ) was 1847.6 ml kg−1. Individual t1/2β showed a positive linear correlation with the individual Vdβ . The intramuscular absorption of ergotamine was rapid and maximum plasma levels were usually obtained 10 min following administration. The biological availability was incomplete and variable at 46.6% (range 28.3–60.8%).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547560
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of metipranolol in normal man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): metipranolol ; deacetyl metipranolol ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; healthy volunteers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetic parameters of deacetyl metipranolol were determined after i.v. infusion of increasing doses (6–25 mg) in 17 normal volunteers. In a second cross-over trial, deacetyl metipranolol 10 and 20 mg were infused in a further 10 subjects, and in a third trial another 20 volunteers received metipranolol 40 mg orally. Metipranolol is very rapidly and completely deacetylated in man, so all pharmacokinetic data refer to deacetyl metipranolol, which was assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a recently developed model, using a volume of distribution which is variable with time. The following data were obtained after oral administration: (mean values); lag-time 7.3 min; tmax 50 min, invasion half-life 6.3 min; elimination half-life 3 h; urinary excretion of unchanged drug approximately 4% of the dose. The experiments with infusion of increasing doses, as well as the cross-over study with 10 and 20 mg i.v., showed dose-linearity of the kinetics. The respective mean half-lives of elimination were 2.6, 2.9 and 2.8 h. The mean total, renal and extra-renal clearances amounted to 1237 ml/min, 149 ml/min and 1068 ml/min, respectively. The distribution coefficient was 3.5 l/kg, and protein binding amounted to 70% within the range of therapeutic concentrations. Absolute bioavailability was found to be approximately 50% by several different evaluation procedures. Thus, the pharmacokinetic profile of metipranolol shares features of both the lipophilic and the hydrophilic groups of β-blocking agents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637616
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of food intake on bioavailability of theophylline in premature infants (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 171-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): theophylline ; neonates ; bioavailability ; food intake ; premature infants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 16 premature infants suffering from neonatal apnoea received orally an aqueous solution of theophylline 5 mg/kg bodyweight under fasting conditions and immediately before a milk feed. Bioavailability up to 7 h after administration was determined from the serum concentration-time course. The rate of absorption was significantly decreased if the drug was given with food; mean maximum serum concentrations were reached after 4.7 h instead of 1.6 h under fasting conditions. The area under the curve did not differ between the two patient groups which indicates that only the rate but not the amount of absorption was affected by food intake. The influence of feeding on the rate of absorption of theophylline by premature infants, which is more pronounced than in adults, can be related to particular functional factors in the gastrointestinal tract during the neonatal period.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542463
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid from rapid-and slow-release formulations, and in combination with dipyridamol (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): acetylsalicylic acid ; salicylic acid ; dipyridamol ; bioavailability ; kinetics ; rapid- and slow-release formulations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a strong, irreversible inhibitor of platelet aggregation, but loses this activity following first-pass deacetylation to salicylic acid (SA). In order to compare the bioavailability of unchanged ASA from rapid- and slow-release formulations, the single-dose concentration profiles of ASA and SA were studied in healthy volunteers following intake of two different rapid-release (conventional and effervescent tablets) and three different slow-release (microencapsulated ASA in tablets and in capsules, and enteric-coated tablets) formulations of ASA, and of one slow-release formulation of sodium salicylate. Since anti-platelet therapy with ASA is often combined with dipyridamol, the influence of this drug was also examined. The concentrations of ASA and SA were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. While the bioavailability of SA from the 5 ASA formulations was essentially equal and similar to that of the salicylate formulation, the bioavailability and peak concentrations of ASA appeared to be the much greater after rapid-release than after slow-release formulations. Indeed, ASA was only rarely detected in systemic blood following intake of slow-release ASA. Co-administered dipyridamol did not significantly influence the kinetics of ASA or SA. It appears that rapid-release formulations of ASA should be prefered in anti-platelet therapy, either alone or in combination with dipyridamol.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548398
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prediction of bioavailability for drugs with a high first-pass effect using oral clearance data (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): lignocaine ; verapamil ; propranolol ; bioavailability ; predictions ; first pass effect ; oral clearance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary For drugs with a high hepatic clearance, bioavailability is low due to the so-called “first pass effect”. Prediction of the bioavailability for these drugs has been only lossely tested. It is proposed that by plotting the reciprocal of bioavailability versus the oral clearance, a straight line with intercept of unity and slope of reciprocal of hepatic blood flow should ensue. For lignocaine and verapamil, this relationship was found to be strong and gave good predictability, whereas for propranolol this relationship was weak and gave poor predictability. The proposed method may be of value in determining whether the low bioavailability of a drug is due to hepatic first pass metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606430
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of chlorpheniramine after intravenous and oral administration in normal adults (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): chlorpheniramine ; pharmacokinetics ; oral absorption ; half-life ; bioavailability ; volume of distribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Plasma and urinary levels of chlorpheniramine (CPM) and its 2 demethylated metabolites were measured by HPLC after i.v. and oral dosing. In 5 mg (maleate) i.v. bolus studies in 2 subjects, plasma CPM levels were fitted to triexponential equations with terminal half-lives (t 1/2) of 23 and 22 h and area of 3.6 and 3.21/kg, respectively. Intravenous data predicted hepatic blood extraction ratios for the 2 subjects to be 0.06 and 0.07, respectively. Absolute bioavailability from oral solution (10 mg) was 59 and 34%, and from tablets (8 mg) 44 and 25%, respectively, indicating extensive gut first-pass metabolism. Mean t 1/2 from 7 oral fasting studies in 5 subjects was 28 h (19–43 h). Mean absorption lag time was 0.7 h (0.4–1.3 h), and mean peak time was 2.8 h (2–4 h). In 2 subjects, 6 mg solutions were given every 12 h for 9 doses; good correlation between single and multiple dose kinetics was found. Significant accumulation was demonstrated in simulation studies with frequent daily dosing. Estimated accumulation ratios vary from 4.1 to 9.4 (mean 6.5). The t 1/2 from urinary data (collected for 12 days) was consistent with plasma data. The above results suggest the need to reexamine the current practice of frequent daily dosing and the use of sustained or controlled release dosage forms of this drug. The possible cause of reduced plasma clearance of CPM in renal patients is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548406
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of food on the bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of tolbutamide in diabetic patients (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 459-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): tolbutamide ; diabetes ; food intake ; blood glucose ; blood insulin ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of food on the rate and extent of absorption of tolbutamide in diabetic patients was studied by varying the time of drug administration in relation to the ingestion of a standard meal. Serum levels of tolbutamide, insulin and glucose and related bioavailability parameters were compared following the administration of a single dose of tolbutamide 0.5 g to diabetic patients 30 min prior to and immediately before a standardized meal. A placebo dosage form was also administered to determine baseline glucose and insulin response to the meal. The 700 calorie standard meal was composed of 41% carbohydrate, 18% protein, and 41% fat. Administration of the drug with the meal resulted in a 6% (statistically significant) decrease in the extent of absorption, as determined by measurement of the area under the tolbutamide serum level-time curve from zero to infinity. Serum levels of tolbutamide were also significantly higher 0.5 h after drug administration when the drug was taken with the meal. Except for these two minor effects, no other differences between the drug treatments were observed in any other parameters of tolbutamide absorption or in the postprandial glucose and insulin serum levels. Therefore, the small differences found were judged to be clinically meaningless. These findings demonstrate that administration of tolbutamide 0.5 g tablets 30 min prior to or with a standard meal results in equivalent therapeutic actions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542553
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of phenobarbital in normal subjects and epileptic patients (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): phenobarbital ; epilepsy ; kinetics ; bioavailability ; epileptic patients
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The kinetics of phenobarbital (PB) were evaluated in six normal subjects and six epileptic patients treated with phenytoin or carbamazepine. Each normal subject received three single doses of PB: PB-sodium 130 mg i.v. (IV), PB sodium 130 mg i.m. (IM), and PB acid 100 mg orally (PO), in random order at least one month apart. After IV PB distributive half-lives varied from 0.13 to 0.70 h, disposition half-lives were 75 to 126 h, steady state volume of distribution (Vss) was 0.54±0.03 l/kg, and clearance (CL) was 3.8±0.77 ml/h/kg. Absolute bioavailability of IM PB was 101±13%, of PO PB (corrected for dose) 100±11%. Peak serum PB concentrations were achieved from 2 to 8 h after IM administration, and from 0.5 to 4 h after PO administration. Epileptic patients exhibited similar PB kinetics: disposition half-lives were 77 to 128 h, Vss 0.61±0.05 l/kg, and Cl 3.9±0.76 ml/h/kg. Phenobarbital appears to represent an exception among antiepileptic drugs, in that pharmacokinetic data obtained in normals can reasonably be extrapolated to the epileptic population.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01061382
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of food on bioavailability of chloroquine (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): chloroquine ; bioavailability ; gastrointestinal absorption ; food effect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The bioavailability of chloroquine in 7 healthy adult male volunteers was assessed with and without a standard breakfast. Chloroquine (600 mg base) was administered orally and timed blood samples were obtained for determination of plasma concentrations. The results suggest that the AUC and peak plasma levels were significantly higher when chloroquine was administered together with food, although the rate of absorption was not different. It appears, therefore, that food facilitates chloroquine absorption and the extent of absorption is significantly modified. Hence administration of chloroquine together with food appears to be an advisable clinical practice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547567
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of3H-phenylephrine in man (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 335-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): phenylephrine ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; first-pass metabolism ; phenolic conjugates ; m-hydroxymandelic acid ; intravenous ; oral
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 7-3H-phenylephrine was given to 15 volunteers by a short-infusionn=4) or p.o. (10 volunteers, 1 patient with porto-caval anastomosis). Analysis of serum for free3H-phenylephrine and fractionation of urinary radioactivity was performed by ion-exchange and thin-layer chromatography. As almost the same3H-activity was excreted in urine after i.v. and p.o. administration, 86% and 80% of the dose respectively, complete enteral absorption can be assumed. A considerable difference was seen in the fraction of free phenylephrine, i.v. 16% of the dose versus p.o. 2.6%, which suggested reduced bioavailability. This was confirmed by comparison of the areas under the serum curve, which showed a bioavailability factor of 0.38. The result for the patient with porto-caval anastomosis was comparable to that in the normal volunteers. The biological half-life of 2 to 3h was comparable to that of structurally related amines, as were the total clearance of 2 1/h, and the volume of distribution of 340l. Metabolism to phenolic conjugates mainly after oral ingestion, and tom-hydroxymandelic acid after i.v. injection, again demonstrated thatm-hydroxylated amines are predominantly conjugated during the “first-pass” metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637623
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Decreased and variable systemic availability of zidovudine in patients with AIDS if administered with a meal (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 305-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Zidovudine ; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; food intake
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The systemic availability of oral zidovudine has been studied in 13 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dosed either fasting or with breakfast. The mean peak plasma concentration and AUC of zidovudine were significantly 2.8- and 1.4-times higher in fasting patients than in those treated during meal. In both conditions the mean half-life was about 1.5 h and the period of plasma zidovudine concentrations 〉1 μmol · l−1 was 2 h (NS). It is concluded that if zidovudine is taken on an empty stomach, high peak plasma concentrations and decreased variation in pharmacological parameters may be expected. Whether or not this will influence toxicity and efficacy remains to be shown.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315215
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhancement of propoxyphene bioavailability by ethanol (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Propoxyphene-Ethanol Interaction ; bioavailability ; healthy volunteers ; psychomotor performance drug interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The interaction between a single oral dose of 130 mg propoxyphene and 0.5 g/kg body weight ethanol was investigated in 12 healthy male volunteers by 9 objective performance tests, 8 visual analogue self-rating scales and the measurement of plasma propoxyphene, norpropoxyphene and ethanol concentrations, using a double-blind threeway crossover design. Volunteers were each given one of three treatments, propoxyphene + ethanol, placebo + ethanol and propoxyphene alone, separated by a two week interval. The performance tests were completed before and 1.25 and 4 h after drug intake, and the self-rating scales before and 1.25, 4 and 10 h after it. Ethanol was shown to enhance the bioavailability of propoxyphene by 25% probably by reducing its first-pass metabolism. However, despite this pharmacokinetic effect no pharmacodynamic interaction was found. Subjective ratings disclosed that the effect of ethanol on physical and mental sedation predominated over the effects of propoxyphene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265908
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of pentoxifylline on erythrocyte membrane and plasma lipids (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 623-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Pentoxifylline ; erythrocytes ; membrane lipids ; plasma lipids ; lipid peroxidation ; erythrocyte deformability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315000
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of propranolol and sotalol in hyperthyroidism (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 373-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): propranolol ; sotalol ; thyrotoxicosis ; bioavailability ; serum tri-iodothyronine ; pharmacokinetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The elimination and bioavailability of two beta-blocking agents, propranolol and sotalol, were studied in 10 thyrotoxic patients, both before and after treatment with iodine-131. Each subject received in random order propranolol 160 mg and sotalol 160mg as single oral doses both while hyperthyroid and after euthyroidism had been achieved. The pharmacokinetics of sotalol was not affected by hyperthyroidism, whereas serum propranolol concentrations were significantly lower during hyperthyroidism than in the euthyroid state. During hyperthyroidism, the bioavailability of propranolol was significantly reduced (p〈0.05) and its clearance was increased (p〈0.005), whereas there was no difference in its serum t1/2. This indicates that the bioavailability of propranolol in hyperthyroidism is reduced by a mechanism which may depend on increased first-pass metabolism in the liver, or on an increased distribution volume of the drug. Both propranolol and sotalol caused a slight decrease in serum tri-iodothyronine concentration. As the effects of beta-blocking agents on the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are correlated with the serum concentration of the drugs, sotalol, with its long half-life and unaltered elimination in hyperthyroidism, has certain advantages over propranolol in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542321
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bioavailability of indomethacin from two multiple-units controlled-release formulations (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 511-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): indomethacin ; bioavailability ; plasma concentrations ; dissolution ; enteric-coated ; pellets ; controlled release
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two multiple-units controlled-release indomethacin capsule formulations containing enteric-coated pellets were bioequivalent to a standard capsule formulation (taken as the reference) in respect of extent of bioavailability in a crossover study with normal human subjects. However, drug absorption from the enteric-coated pellet formulations was slower, when compared to that from the standard reference capsule. The standard reference capsule released 85% of its drug content in vitro during 10 min at pH 6.5 and 98% during 1 h at pH 7.5. One enteric-coated pellet capsule formulation (I) released 77% during 1 h at pH 6.5 and the other (II) released 10% during 1 h at pH 6.5. Release of drug from each capsule of enteric-coated pellets was complete during 1 h at pH 7.5. Although differences in areas under the plasma indomethacin concentration-time curves were not significantly different, the peak plasma levels and the times of their occurrence indicated that the absorption rates of indomethacin decreased in the order, reference formulation 〉 pellet formulation I 〉 pellet formulation II, which was the same rank order as that of their dissolution rates in vitro. The data indicated that multiple units controlled-release formulations represent a reliable and reproducible source of indomethacin, which by avoiding extremes of local or systemic drug concentrations also should be better tolerated by individuals susceptible to unwanted gastrointestinal and centrally-mediated side-effects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542047
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gastroscopic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a new pivmecillinam tablet (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): pivmecillinam ; avicel ; gastroscopy ; comparison of different tablets ; in vitro disintegration ; gastric irritation ; plasma mecillinam ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three different pivmecillinam preparations, a conventional 200 mg tablet (P tablet) and two new formulations containing respectively pivmecillinam 200 mg and 400 mg plus Avicel® (microcrystalline cellulose) as a disintegrator (PA tablet), were compared in vitro and in a gastroscopic study in 8 healthy volunteers. Disintegration of the PA tablet was significantly more rapid both in vitro and in the stomach. Following disintegration, the content of the PA tablet was spread over a larger area of the gastric mucosa (1088 mm2) than was observed with the P tablets (408 mm2). Three of the 8 volunteers taking the P tablet developed hyperaemia, interstitial bleeding or erosions of the mucosa of the stomach. No such reactions were seen with the PA tablets. Serum concentrations of mecillinam following ingestion of pivmecillinam tablets were determined in three groups of subjects; fasting volunteers, both supine and ambulant, and in ambulant subjects who took the preparation with a light meal. There was a tendency for the new PA tablets to produce a higher peak serum level as well as greater bioavailability of mecillinam. Administration of the PA tablets with a meal significantly increased the peak serum level and total bioavailability of the drug. On the basis of our observations we recommend adoption of the new PA tablet, because of its quick passage through the oesophagus and its more rapid and complete disintegration in the stomach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606427
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of allopurinol after single intravenous and oral doses (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): allopurinol ; oxipurinol ; benzbromarone ; hydrochlorothiazide ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was used to measure allopurinol and oxipurinol in plasma and urine in 6 healthy volunteers after a single intravenous or oral dose of allopurinol. The influence of coadministrated benzbromarone and hydrochlorothiazide on the pharmacokinetics of allopurinol and oxipurinol was also investigated. After intravenous injection of allopurinol 300 mg the plasma disappearance was biexponential, with a mean distribution half-life of 2.32±1.08 min $$(\bar x \pm SD)$$ and an elimination half-life of 47.8±10.6 min. The total clearance of allopurinol was 11.37±2.70 ml/min/kg, whereas its renal clearance was only 1.73±0.79 ml/min/kg. Oxipurinol disappeared monoexponentially from plasma ith a mean half-life of 12.2±2.6 h. Its renal clearance was 0.42±0.091 ml/min/kg. After oral administration of allopurinol 300 mg the peak plasma concentration of 2.1±0.6 µg/ml (1.5×10−5 M) was reached within 30 to 120 min. The peak level of oxipurinol of 5.8±1.5 µg/ml (3.8×10−5 M) was found within 2 to 5 h after intravenous and oral allopurinol. The bioavailability of oral allopurinol computed from plasma data was 90.4±8.7%. The total recovery from urine was 77% (allopurinol 8%, oxipurinol 69%) after oral and 88% after i.v. administration. It was concluded that about 10% of the oral dose was not absorbed and that 12% was eliminated by an unknown mechanism, presumably as riboside. The pharmacokinetics of allopurinol and oxipurinol were not significantly influenced by coadministration of benzbromarone or hydrochlorothiazide.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606429
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmakokinetic properties of noscapine (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): noscapine ; pharmacokinetics ; absorption ; bioavailability ; intravenous application ; oral application ; ion exchange resin tablet
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Noscapine was administred to five healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover design, as an intravenous infusion of 66 mg, and as an oral 150 mg dose of either rapidly dissolving tablets or a tablet containing ion exchange resin-bound noscapine. After i.v. administration, the disposition of noscapine was bi-exponential with an elimination half-life of 2.6 h; the total plasma clearance was 22 ml/min/kg and the volume of distribution (Vdarea) was 4.7 l/kg. The absolute oral bioavailability was 30%, with a 3.6-fold interindividual variation. There was no pharmacokinetic evidence to support a prolonged action of the ion exchange resin tablet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609627
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of bacmecillinam and pivmecillinam in volunteers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): mecillinam ; bacmecillinam ; pivmecillinam ; pharmacokinetics ; pro-drug ; healthy volunteers ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of bacmecillinam and pivmecillinam were studied in healthy fasting volunteers given tablets in a cross-over, randomized order. The mean (±SD) peak levels of plasma mecillinam were 1.43±0.34, 2.73±0.43, and 4.62±1.41 mg/l after bacmecillinam 100, 200, and 400 mg and 2.38±0.65 mg/l after pivmecillinam 400 mg. The corresponding areas under plasma Vs time curves (AUC) were 2.21±0.19, 3.99±0.63, and 7.74±1.38 mg·h·l−1 for bacmecillinam and 5.35±0.93 mg·h·l−1 for pivmecillinam. The elimination half-lives were 0.8–1.1h for bacmecillinam and 0.7h for pivmecillinam. The 12 h urinary recovery of unchanged mecillinam after the 400 mg doses was 41% for bacmecillinam and 30% for pivmecillinam. The 400 mg dose of bacmecillinam gave a significantly higher plasma peak (p〈0.001), AUC (p〈0.001) and urinary recovery (p〈0.001) than did pivmecillinam 400 mg. The plasma peaks appeared earlier and the rate of absorption was higher after bacmecillinam than after pivmecillinam (p〈0.05). In conclusion, bacmecillinam had a better bioavailability than pivmecillinam in the tablet formulations studied. The AUC increased linearly with increasing doses of bacmecillinam.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547563
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pharmacokinetics of terodiline in human volunteers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): terodiline ; human volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; serum clearance ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The pharmacokinetics of terodiline HCl was studied in nine healthy volunteers given 12.5 mg i.v. and p.o. or 20 mg i.v. and 25 mg p.o. on two different occasions. The serum concentrations were measured by gas chromatography — mass spectrometry, using deuterated terodiline HCl as the internal standard. After i.v. administration the kinetics could be described by a two-compartment model with a mean distribution half life of 0.3 h and a mean elimination half life of 63 h. The serum clearance and apparent volume of distribution varied about 4-fold with mean values of 4.8 l/h and 417 l, respectively. After oral administration, the mean half life of absorption was 0.7 h and that of elimination 65 h. The absolute bioavailability varied between 64% and 105% with a mean of 92%. The long serum half life of terodiline should permit its once daily administration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547566
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimation of absorption ratios and their variation for orally administered drugs (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacokinetics ; variation of absorption ratios ; bioavailability ; dissection of variation due to absorption and intermediate processes ; oral drug application
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Differences in the plasma concentrations of drugs after oral administration are caused by two main factors: variation in absorption ratios and in the distribution processes in the body. A new method for the dissection of both types of factors is discussed. The method uses a reference regression of the AUC-values to the corresponding values after intravenous infusion of graded doses. The reference regression is estimated from an appropriate trial. Deviation of the determined AUC-values from the regression curve afford an estimate of the residual variance due to varying distribution volumes or similar random biological effects. For the estimation of absorption ratios after oral administration the drug is given orally to another sample of subjects and their AUC-values are calculated. The deviation of these AUC values due to the above mentioned random effects are simulated using the residual variance of the reference regression, and are subtracted from the observed AUC-values. Then, the differences in the corresponding absorbed doses are transformed by inverting the reference regression. From these doses the empirical distribution function and statistical parameters (e.g. quantiles) are determined. The method has the advantage that no restrictive assumptions are required, such as first order processes, dose linearity, homogeneity of variance or normal distribution of absorption ratios. Its applicability to substances with qualitative differences in their pharmacokinetics is demonstrated by appropriate examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545226
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dihydroergotamine increases the bioavailability of orally administered etilefrine (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 463-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): orthostatic hypotension ; etilefrine ; dihydroergotamine ; bioavailability ; combination therapy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Etilefrine undergoes considerable first-pass metabolism through conjugation in the gut wall. In six volunteers bioavailability was reduced to 35% for a fast release tablet and to 17% for a sustained release preparation. The addition fo dihydroergotamine (DHE) to the sustained release preparation surprisingly increased bioavailability to 61%. The plasma levels of the main metabolite formed during the passage through the gut wall indicated an increase in the rate of enteric absorption and therefore also in bioavailability by DHE. This might be due to the influence of DHE upon the vascular resistance of the vessels in the gut wall or a change in gastro-intestinal motility with a prolongation of drug contact time within the absorbing gut segment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542554
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of the bioavailability of two slow release preparations of disopyramide (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 629-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Disopyramide ; slow release ; plasma concentrations ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The bioavailability of two slow release preparations of disopyramide has been compared in a randomized cross-over trial of Rythmodan L. A. 250 mg b. d. and Dirytmin Durettes 300 mg b. d., given to 10 healthy volunteers. The plasma concentrations of disopyramide were measured on the 5th day of each treatment period. With both preparations, plasma concentrations were well sustained. The amount absorbed was slightly lower after Rythmodan L. A. than after Dirytmin Durettes, but the fluctuations over a dosing interval were significantly more pronounced for Dirytmin Durettes than for Rythmodan L. A.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279984
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnesium-L-aspartate-HCl and magnesium-oxide: bioavailability in healthy volunteers (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 437-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Magnesium deficiency ; oral replacement therapy ; bioavailability ; adverse effects
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265863
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in liver transplant recipients: evaluation of results using both polyclonal radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatographic analysis (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 513-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Schlagwort(e): Cyclosporine ; liver transplant recipients ; radioimmunoassay ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pharmacokinetic variables were derived from cyclosporine measurements using liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay with a non-selective polyclonal antibody (PARIA) in 11 orthotopic liver transplant recipients studied in paired oral and intravenous studies both before and after permanent clamping of the biliary T-tube. After oral drug administration, mean areas under blood cyclosporine concentration versus time curves before clamping were around 5.2-fold greater by PARIA than HPLC but 2.9-fold greater after clamping and closer to comparable values after intravenous cyclosporine (2.5 and 2.3-fold, respectively). Cyclosporine clearance was smaller by PARIA than HPLC (mean 7.3 versus 3.3 ml · min−1 · kg−1, respectively, before clamping). Both values decreased by 25% after clamping (to 5.5 and 2.4 ml · min−1 · kg−1, respectively), although there was no significant change in distribution or elimination half-lives (around 0.5 and 8 h, respectively). The mean bioavailability of oral cyclosporine increased significantly after clamping in 9 patients (from 10.6% to 28.1% by HPLC and from 14.8 to 35.1% by PARIA) but in two patients who developed the vanishing bile duct syndrome values fell to 〈 10% and the proportional overestimation of cyclosporine concentrations by PARIA increased. Clamping had no significant effect on the mean apparent volumes of distribution but values of Vz were approximately twice those of Vss (around 2.6 and 1.3 l · kg−1 by PARIA and HPLC respectively). Mean half lives after clamping were shorter following oral than intravenous cyclosporine (t1/2λ2 around 15 h enterally versus 8 h parenterally). These data suggest delays in cyclosporine absorption and significant first pass metabolism which may contribute to higher PARIA:HPLC ratios after oral dosing and to reduced bioavailability before clamping.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315232
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of phytic acid on the myoglobin-t-butylhydroperoxide-catalysed oxidation of uric acid and peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids (1991)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 101 (1991), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): myoglobin ; t-butylhydroperoxide ; uric acid oxidation ; lipid peroxidation ; phytic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Phytic acid stimulated the myoglobin-t-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP)-catalysed oxidation of uric acid, but inhibited the peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids induced by the same system. Butylated hydroxy-toluene, a free radical chain reaction-terminating antioxidant, also suppressed the myoglobin-TBHP-induced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, phytic acid inhibited the hydroxyl radical-induced degradation of deoxyribose, but the extent of inhibition in this system was reduced by increasing the ferric ion concentration, suggesting that these effects of phytic acid on the myoglobin-TBHP-mediated oxidation are more likely attributable to its metal chelating properties rather than to a free radical scavenging action. The effectiveness of phytic acid, a naturally occurring antioxidant, in the inhibition of both iron- (as previously shown) and myoglobin-dependent lipid peroxidation suggests its possible therapeutic application as a non-toxic antioxidant for ameliorating the extent of oxy-radical-mediated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion damage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238434
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activity of antioxidant enzymes of the ischemic myocardium (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 93 (1982), S. 38-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): myocardium ; ischemia ; antioxidant systems ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00837546
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of chemical desympathization on APase and lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes of rats with myocardial infarction (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 93 (1982), S. 41-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): chemical desympathization ; erythrocytes ; Mg-ATPase ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00837547
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipid peroxidation and retinal injury in stress (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 93 (1982), S. 408-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; emotional-painful stress ; retina ; antioxidants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00830534
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemiluminescence of apo-B-containing lipoproteins in rabbits with experimental hypercholesteremia (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 93 (1982), S. 511-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): chemiluminescence ; hypercholesteremia ; lipid peroxidation ; mammalian blood
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00830567
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of lipid peroxidation products on vascular tone (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 94 (1982), S. 876-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): vascular tone ; lipid peroxidation ; hydroperoxides ; vasoactive substances
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00830944
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of nicotinamide on focal and generalized cortical epileptic activity (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 94 (1982), S. 1056-1059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): focal and generalized epileptic activity ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00830710
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophils in Turner's syndrome (1982)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 94 (1982), S. 1096-1097 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): neutrophils ; lipid peroxidation ; myeloperoxidase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00830725
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of panthetine on postheparin lipolytic activity ad lipid peroxidation in the myocardium (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 111 (1991), S. 42-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants ; postheparin lipolytic activity ; lipoprotein lipase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841236
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biochemical changes in isolated hepatocytes exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide. implications for its cytotoxicity. (1991)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 7 (1991), S. 129-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Schlagwort(e): oxidative stress ; organic hydroperoxides ; cell viability ; isolated hepatocytes ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: When isolated hepatocytes were exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) they lost their cellular membrane integrity. Decreased levels of GSH, increased phosphorylase a activity (an indirect index of the amount of free cytosolic Ca2+), and increase in the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA)-like products (an index of lipid peroxidation) preceeded the release into the culture medium of the cytosolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating that this later process was the consequence of the former intracellular events. While ATP levels were not modified during the incubation of cells with increasing concentrations of tBOOH, protein synthesis was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The glycogen content decreased at the same time as the increase in LDH leakage. The addition of promethazine (PMZ) an antioxidant molecule, prevented the lipid peroxidation, but did not protect cells against the oxidative effects of tBOOH, including loss of membrane integrity. Nevertheless, the addition of GSH to cell suspensions incubated with tBOOH, decreased the formation of MDA-like products, restored the protein synthesis rate, prevented partially the activation of phosphorylase a and preserved cell viability. On the basis of these results, we postulate that both GSH depletion and modification in phosphorylase a activity (Ca2+ levels) were the most relevant intracellular events to explain the cytotoxicity of tBOOH.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00122827
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipid peroxidation and blood gas composition during ozone therapy after resuscitation (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 111 (1991), S. 628-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): ozone ; postresuscitation period ; lipid peroxidation ; carbohydrates ; blood gases ; acid-base balance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841002
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of antitheines with different effects on memory on cAMP phosphodiesterase, lipid peroxidation, and RNA synthesis in rat brain neurons (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 111 (1991), S. 622-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): brain ; memory ; phosphodiesterases ; lipid peroxidation ; DNA synthesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841000
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of stimulation and inhibition of lipid peroxidation on kinetics of myoglobin and creatine kinase in uncomplicated and complicated healing of experimental myocardial infarction (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 111 (1991), S. 631-634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): myocardisl infarct ; lipid peroxidation ; α-tocopherol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841003
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of gangliosides in protection of β-adrenoreceptors against damage by lipid peroxidation in synaptosomal membranes (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 111 (1991), S. 779-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): synaptosomal membranes ; β-adrenoreceptors ; gangliosides ; α-tocopherol ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840180
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparative study of activation of lipid peroxidation after electrical destruction of the myocardium and during early development of acute myocardial infraction in experiments on dogs (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 111 (1991), S. 786-788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): arrhythmia ; ischemia ; lipid peroxidation ; electrical destruction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840182
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of opioid neuropeptides on the prostaglandin system and on lipid peroxidation in the myocardium damaged by stress (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 111 (1991), S. 814-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): opioid neuropeptides ; prostaglandins ; lipid peroxidation ; stress
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840191
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on activation of immunocompetent cells and on lipid peroxidation during immunization with heterologous red blood cells (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 940-942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): hyperbaric oxygenation ; lipid peroxidation ; immunity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841136
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Role of the isoprenoid chain of lateral mobility of α-tocopherol in the lipid bilayer (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 946-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): α-tocopherol ; biomembranes ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841138
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipid peroxidation in the kidneys of rats with nephritis caused by nephrotoxic serum and with proteinuria induced by albumin loading (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1228-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): nephrotoxic nephritis ; lipid peroxidation ; proteinuria ; albumin loading
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840590
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antiradical activity of 3-substituted coumarins and their effect on iron-dependent chemiluminescence (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1398-1401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): chemiluminescence ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants ; 3-substituted coumarins ; iron chelating agents
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841354
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Postischemic lipid peroxidation and myocardial contractility depending on level of hypothermia protecting the heart (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1421-1423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): myocardium ; hypothermia ; ischemia ; reperfusion ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841360
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipid peroxidation in the vitreous body and retina following intravitreal hemorrhage secondary to dithisone diabetes (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1424-1426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): dithisone diabetes ; intravitreal hemorrhage ; lipid peroxidation ; vitreous body ; retina ; synthetic antioxidants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841361
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Correlation between antioxidant and anti-ischemic effects of some energy-yielding compounds (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1432-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; anti-ischemic action ; energy-yielding substances
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00841363
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antiradical activity of coumarin ruductones (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1560-1563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): chemiluminescence ; lipid peroxidation ; coumarin reductones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840412
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of α-tocopherol and its homologs on luminol-dependent chemiluminescence induced by (Fe2++ascorbate) and (Fe2++NADPH) in rat liver microsomes (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1574-1578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): lipid peroxidation ; luminol-dependent chemiluminescence ; biomembranes ; antioxidants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840416
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prevention of postischemic disturbances by new adenosine derivatives (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1603-1605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): postischemic disturbances in the liver ; adenosine derivatives ; cyclic nucleotides ; lipid peroxidation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840424
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Action of ethanol and limontar during antenatal development on lipid peroxidation and on the antioxidant protection system in the brain and liver tissue of fetal and neonatal rats (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1711-1713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): antenatal action of ethanol ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidant protection enzyme system ; brain ; liver
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840501
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Changes in activity of antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels in brain tissue of embryos exposed prenatally to ethanol (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 112 (1991), S. 1748-1750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): antioxidant system ; lipid peroxidation ; ethanol ; embryos
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840512
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of thymectomy and thymosin on lipid peroxidation in lymphocytes and subcellular hepatic organelles in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 111 (1991), S. 334-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): thymectomy ; lipid peroxidation ; thymosin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00840890
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