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  • Chemical Engineering  (1,111)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,111)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1980-1984  (1,111)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1984  (587)
  • 1982  (524)
Collection
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,111)
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 1980-1984  (1,111)
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
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    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model based on extension and secondary motions of striations in a deforming flow is used to predict details of the mixing and dispersion of viscous liquids. Generally, extension of intermaterial area and interfacial surface occurs in stagnation regions, and breakup ensues when the striated flow has left such a region or has time to form unmixing regions of smaller scale in the stretching flow. Complex criteria for the types of mixing anticipated are based on differences in viscosity, differences in density, striation scale, rate of stretch, and, for various degrees of immiscibility, interfacial tension.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new process for purification of phenolic wastewaters by parametric pumping is presented.An equilibrium (linear) model for nonmixed dead volumes thermal direct mode parametric pumping is developed and the influence of bottom and top dead volume magnitudes on transient separation is analyzed.Analytical solutions for batch, continuous and semicontinuous operations are presented.Experimental data on the system phenol/water-Duolite ES861 include equilibrium isotherms at 20°C and 60°C and parapump runs for the cases mentioned above.
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  • 3
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 134-138 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The volumetric and phase behavior of propane-perfluorocyclobutane mixtures has been determined in the critical region. This system exhibits a minimum temperature point in its critical locus curve and forms a positive critical azeotrope. The measured critical points in this system and their correlation using an extended corresponding states principle are reported in this paper.
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  • 4
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 245-250 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Both equilibrium and rate studies were made for the adsorption and desorption of Bovine Serum Albumin (B.S.A.), Fraction V, from dilute solutions using a new cellulose based ion exchange resin. Using the equilibrium data and a simple two-film theory to describe the rate data it was shown that during the initial perioid of adsorption the rate was controlled by film diffusion, after which it was controlled by intraparticle diffusion. The desorption was largely intraparticle diffusion controlled except for a very short surface desorption step. It is suggested that the model could be used to describe other protein adsorption/ion exchange processes.
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  • 5
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 266-273 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new reactor configuration, the annular bed reactor, is mathematically modeled to assess its capabilities as a CO methanation reactor. The results show that the reactor offers excellent temperature control characteristics and negligible pressure drop, and that it is a promising configuration for this as well as other reaction systems.
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  • 6
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 294-301 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Approximate analytical solutions of the local temperature variations, due to viscous heating, in channel flows of non-Newtonian fluids with small Nahme-Griffith numbers were obtained by the WKB-J method. The results are general and easy to use so that extensive numerical computations are not required. Comparisons between the approximate analytical solution and complete numerical solution showed that the relative differences were very small.
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  • 7
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 338-341 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 8
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 492-500 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of a batch, dispersed-emulsion (liquid membrane), separation system results in simple models that describe the concentrations and masses of each phase as functions of time. Comparisons with a limited set of experimental data are offered. One of these models allows a set of pilot studies to be extended to performance predictions and comparative studies of different feed-membrane-solvent combinations, which could lead to an optimally designed separation process.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 10
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 514-515 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 11
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 515-517 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 12
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 166-168 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 13
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 173-173 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 14
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 610-616 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The governing equations for the laminar fully developed flow and heat transfer in curved tubes are solved numerically for a power-law fluid. Results for the velocity and temperature fields, the friction factor, and the Nusselt number are presented for different values of the Dean number, the Prandtl number, and the power-law index. The friction factor results are compared with available experimental data.
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  • 15
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 626-637 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multiparameter corresponding-states correlation is applied to describe fossil-fluid vapor/liquid-equilibrium behavior needed to design separation and other process units in coal-liquefaction plants. Data for both defined and undefined fluids pertinent to coal liquefaction are utilized in correlation development. The procurement of these data requires a thorough evaluation and study of the needs for additional data to improve correlations. These needs are systematically outlined in the context of the level of predication capability that can be achieved using the currently available data base.A conformal-solution model is applied to describe the behavior of many defined binary and ternary coal-solvent systems. The correlation is then extended to undefined systems such as those encountered in the Exxon Donor Solvent process. Correlation results are reported and correlation limits are assessed.
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  • 16
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 671-676 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Tait equation has been extended and generalized to permit the calculation of densities of compressed liquids and their mixtures to a pressure of 68,950 kPa (10,000 psia) using only critical temperature, critical pressure, Soave-Redlich-Kwong acentric factor, saturation pressure, and saturated volume for a pure liquid or the corresponding mixture parameters for a liquid mixture. This correlation, together with the correlation developed by Hankinson and Thomson (1979) for saturated liquid densities, comprise COSTALD (COrresponding STAtes Liquid Density), an integrated method for estimating densities of nonpolar and slightly polar liquids and mixtures. The new correlation gave 0.446 average absolute percent error for 6,338 data points for nonpolar liquids, 2.57% error for 1352 data points for polar and quantum liquids, 0.369% error for 319 data points for LNG/LPG mixtures, and 1.61% error for all mixtures tested.
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  • 17
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 702-702 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 19
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crystallization kinetics of sodium chloride have been studied in a Continuous Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal evaporative crystallizer at 50°C. A marine propeller was found to give a substantially lower nucleation rate than a pitched blade impeller under identical conditions. The crystal turnover time did not affect the effective nucleation rate.
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  • 20
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 765-772 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized mathematical model is developed to describe the process of multicomponent adsorption on activated carbon in fixed beds. Numerical, finite difference, solutions for the adsorption of binary, and ternary organic mixtures are shown to satisfactorily match previously published experimental data.
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  • 21
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 786-792 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When a small drop or bubble approaches a fluid-fluid interface, a thin liquid film forms between them, drains, until an instability forms and coalescence occurs. A hydrodynamic theory is developed for the first portion of this coalescence process: the drainage of the thin liquid film while it is still sufficiently thick that the effects of London-van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces can be ignored. The time rate of change of the film profile is predicted, given only the drop radius and the required physical properties. Comparisons are offered with the limited experimental data available.
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  • 22
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 830-833 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 23
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 840-841 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 24
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 325-333 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chemical solution theory has been shown to be particularly well-suited for certain classes of liquid metal mixtures. A generalized formulation of this approach is presented and it eliminates the need for mechanistic information. The results are in good agreement with many data, and could lead to a variety of industrial applications of liquid metal solvents.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 341-343 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 349-349 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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  • 27
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 869-869 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 28
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 870-870 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 29
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 907-914 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The local contact characteristics between the bed emulsion and the tube surface for horizontal tubes immersed in fluidized beds were investigated experimentally. The measurements indicated that the contact dynamics change significantly with circumferential position, gas flow rate, particle size and system pressure. From the experimental data, quantitative information on the local fluidization behavior were generated for use in heat transfer models.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 914-922 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mathematical basis was derived for the experimental measurement of the “Slope Condition” and of the “Dynamic Condition” of the thermal stability criteria in a laboratory-scale internal recycle reactor. This work also resulted in clearer interpretations and simpler expressions for the two stability criteria. The method was experimentally demonstrated on the example of the low pressure methanol synthesis. Only seven experiments were needed to evaluate the stability criteria of this reaction for which the kinetics is unknown.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 973-980 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two models describing the laminar flow of a polymerizing liquid through a tube have been developed and tested experimentally. One model is a full finite difference solution of the balance equations. The other is an approximate analytical solution which assumes that flow ceases after viscosity increases about tenfold. The models are compared to two experimental cases: (1) the pressure rise needed to keep the flow rate through the tube constant and (2) the flow rate decrease when pressure at the tube entrance is held constant. The finite difference model is more accurate in the early stages of polymerization while the approximate analytical model is more accurate at long times. The models have application to runner flow in reaction injection molding, to nozzles in thermoset molding, to thermoset dispensing equipment and to continuous reactive polymer processes in general.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1002-1009 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical study was carried out to achieve a better understanding of the oscillatory behavior of a gas bubble growing (or collapsing) in a viscoelastic liquid, by taking into account both the hydrodynamic and diffusion effects. The Zaremba-DeWitt model was chosen to represent the rheological properties of the suspending medium. The finite difference method was employed to solve the governing system equations.The computational results show that, in the case of very fast diffusion (i.e., constant bubble pressure), the oscillatory behavior of a bubble takes place only when the ratio of the initial pressure difference between the gas bubble and the liquid phase to the elastic modulus of the suspending medium is below a certain critical value. On the other hand, in the case of very slow diffusion, the oscillatory behavior of a bubble persists, regardless of the magnitude of the rheological properties of the suspending medium. Our study indicates further that the diffusivity of a gas has a profound influence on the occurrence of oscillatory behavior, that the elastic property of the suspending medium enhances oscillatory behavior while its viscosity plays the opposite role, and that even a Newtonian medium can give rise to an oscillatory pattern of bubble growth (or collapse), although it dampens out very quickly.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1030-1032 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1041-1041 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1043-1043 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1042-1043 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 980-987 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conditions are identified which insure optimum pipeline mixing at a T-junction. Analytical expressions, that result from detailed measurements of both near and far-field momentum-dominated jet trajectories in a crossflow, are renormalized in terms of pipe coordinates. It is demonstrated that a simple scaling law exists for the limiting geometry of either large or small jet-to-pipe diameter ratios. The scaling laws are shown to accurately correlate existing data for each limiting geometry.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 994-1002 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Infeasible path optimization algorithms have been effective with equation-solving or simultaneous modular process simulators. Using these simulators, successive quadratic programming is applied to large nonlinear programs. However, the algorithms are not directly applicable to commercial simulators of the sequential modular type.Here an infeasible path algorithm is presented which can easily be integrated with most commercial process simulators. The optimization problem remains small (10 or 20 variables) and the user merely replaces the convergence block with an “optimization” block.A simple process example demonstrates the operation, effectiveness, and potential of this algorithm.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1016-1019 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The steady diffusion across a constant thickness corrugated barrier is analyzed through the intrinsic coordinate system. Perturbation solutions are found when the thickness is small compared to the minimum radius of curvature. For a given perimeter length, diffusive transfer is decreased, while for given maximum geometric dimensions, diffusive transfer may be increased by corrugations.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 1033-1036 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 79-92 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been developed to simulate the Texaco downflow entrained-bed pilot-plant gasifier using coal liquefaction residues and coal-water slurries as feedstocks. This model describes the physical and chemical processes occurring in an entrained coal gasifier. The gasification kinetics describes different complex reactions occurring in the gasifier and the hydrodynamics describes mass, momentum and energy balances for solid and gas phases. Temperature, concentration and velocity profiles along the reactor height were obtained by solving the mass, momentum and energy balances. Parameter studies were made to provide a better understanding of the reactor performance for various inlet feed conditions utilizing the model.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 99-110 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solid tracer particles were fed pneumatically through a jet into a fluidized bed to simulate the feeding of solids via a pneumatic transport line into a fluidized-bed reactor operating in the slugging-bed mode. The fluidized bed was defluidized instantaneously at different times after the initiation of the tracer particle injection. The bed was then sampled layer by layer to provide the radial and axial concentration profiles of the tracer. Regular and high-speed movies (1,000 frames per second) were taken to study the operation of the fluidized bed and the phenomena of the gas-solid two-phase jet.Experimental results on solid mixing, jet constriction and slugging frequencies, slugging bed height, slug length, jet penetration, and jet half-angle at three nominal jet velocities of 52, 37, and 25 m/s and corresponding solids loadings are presented. Additional experimental results on jet constriction and slugging frequencies, and slug volume (axial slug size) obtained for a wider range of jet velocities confirm the hydrodynamic trends observed during the tracer particle injection experiments. The results indicate that solids mixing increases, and well-mixed conditions are reached earlier, with an increase in jet injection velocity. The obtained mixing times were correlated successfully in terms of the excess gas velocity. The experimental data on jet penetration and slug motion were satisfactorily correlated by modified versions of existing theoretical relations. The modifications included the effect of the injected solids on jet penetration and jet half-angle and also the effect of our semicircular column geometry and single wall-slug configuration on the observed slug motion.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 143-150 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A physical model for the very strong intermolecular forces in liquid metal mixtures is proposed, involving the combined effects of ion-ion, ion-electron, and electron-electron interactions plus the charge density effects on the electron kinetic energy. The resulting excess Gibbs energy expression contains a single cross-energy parameter which must be evaluated either from the eutectic point or from one mixture datum. The applicability of the model is limited to systems without strong specific solvation, but it does effectively predict both negative and positive deviations from Raoult's law, including the asymmetry arising from size differences. Applications are shown for vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 172-172 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 173-173 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 182-186 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermodynamic property computations using equations of state first require computation of the density root. Since higher level calculations such as single-stage flash, distillation and data regression are usually performed iteratively, properties are often demanded at conditions where the appropriate density root does not exist. A strategy of returning suitable pseudoproperties under such conditions is proposed. It has been successfully used in ASPEN (Advanced System for Process Engineering), a general process simulator developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Until now the oxygen transfer in viscous non-Newtonian solutions has been studied only in bubble columns of about 0.14-m diameter. Recently Godbole et al. (1982) reported much smaller gas holdups in Carboxy Methyl Cellulose solutions (CMC) for a large-diameter column. Therefore, the gas holdups, volumetric mass transfer coefficients, and specific gas-liquid interfacial areas are measured in CMC solutions using a bubble column of diameter 0.305 m and height 3.4 m. The transition from churn-turbulent to slug flow regime occured at higher viscosities and the gas holdups and volumetric mass transfer coefficients were lower in both flow regimes than reported for smaller column diameters. Empirical correlations are presented for the gas holdup, volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and specific gas-liquid interfacial area which would be suitable for the design of fermentors.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The critical temperatures, pressures and volumes of several mixtures containing CO2, C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10 have been measured using a heavy walled, variable volume, cylindrical glass vessel. In each mixturre the relative proportions of the three hydrocarbon solutes to one another were changed; total solute mole fraction never exceeded 0.1. A detailed study of the mixture CO2 + C3H8 shows that the critical temperature exhibits a minimum at a C3H8 mole fraction of 0.0265. Our mixture data are analyzed using a polydisperse model of dilute solutions.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 288-294 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrodynamic behavior of a cocurrent gas-liquid-solid semifluidized bed was investigated. A separate investigation was performed on a packed bed and a fluidized bed under gas-liquid flow conditions similar to that for the semifluidized bed. Parameters of the semifluidized bed under extensive study include pressure drop, gas holdup, onset liquid velocity for semifluidization, and the height of the packed bed section and the fluidized section. The pressure drop of the semi-fluidized bed obtained experimentally was compared favorably with that predicted by the model equations.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 317-328 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is developed that calculates the chemical equilibrium that exists between a flowing electrolyte solution and mineral assemblages. The development computes the mineral and aqueous compositions as a function of time and position in a one-dimensional porous medium. The model considers the dissolution of solids as well as their precipitation. The application of the model to various problems has revealed that characteristic aqueous and solid phase concentration waves develop and propagate through the system in a chromatographic manner. Example calculations are presented that illustrate the widespread applicability of the model. Specifically, a calculation is presented that reproduces the genetic mineralization features that are found in sandstone-type uranium deposits.
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    Notes: A model is presented to describe the behavior of falling film fractionators with evaporation or condensation. Experimental measurements of vapor composition, vapor temperature and wall temperature profiles were made. Close agreement suggests that the model is applicable to both adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984) 
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 377-385 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A two-dimensional model for stratified turbulent-turbulent gas-liquid flow in inclined pipes is proposed. The gas phase is treated as bulk flow, but an exact solution is carried out for the liquid phase, applying the eddy viscosity theory to model the turbulent viscosity. The interfacial structure is taken into consideration using appropriate correlations for the interfacial shear stress. The model is capable of predicting the liquid velocity field, holdup and pressure drop given gas and liquid flow rates, physical properties, pipe size, and angle of inclination. The results are substantially better than the prediction of Lockhart and Martinelli (1949) correlation and better than the Taitel and Dukler (1976) model for stratified flow.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 432-441 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Droplet coalescence and breakage rats in a pulsed-plate extraction column have been measured using the colorimetric method of Hamilton and Pratt (1980). The results were interpreted in terms of rate constants, defined appropriately for the mixer-settler and emulsion regions of operation respectively, using a discrete population balance model. It is shown that the resulting values of these constants can be used to predict accurately the steady-state droplet-size distribution and apparent coalescence rate. Computations for a typical extraction system indicated that the effect of polydispersivity on performance is surprisingly small for the pulsed plate column.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 468-474 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: Variational inequality minimization (VIM) theory of statistical mechanics is used to derive analytic equations of state for nonpolar fluids. Pair- and tripletintermolecular potential energy functions are taken into account in the formulation of this equation of state. The VIM theory has made it possible to derive rather simple expressions for the thermodynamic properties of nonpolar fluids. Predictions of the thermodynamic properties of argon and methane in the liquid phase, in the vapor phase, and in the critical region by the VIM equation of state are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 481-482 
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 494-496 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 502-504 
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 504-507 
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 507-509 
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 517-519 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 537-549 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transient combustion of porous char particles is modelled. The model takes into account the reactions of carbon with CO2 and O2 and the oxidation of CO in the gas phase. It reveals strong effects of the intraparticle thermal gradients and of the pore structure evolution scheme on the burning time and predicts an optimum particle size that gives minimum burning time.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 569-577 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: Human blood is sheared in cone-and-plate and parallel-plate rotational viscometers, the latter with variable plate spacings h. Plasma is analyzed for hemoglobin and LDH content before and after shearing to determine the extent of shear-induced blood damage within the low-stress regime (stress ≤ 13 Pa). Geometrical variations in the test apparatus can be accommodated by correlating blood damage with the radially-averaged shear rate. Data on expired blood are shown to imply that much of the damage arises in the bulk fluid, with a smaller contribution from surface effects. Models are proposed to explain these results, obtained over a shear rate range to 5,000 s-1; parallel-plate platen separation is 0.25 〈 h 〈 1.00 mm, cone-and-plate angle is 0.5°, and both systems have platens 100 mm in diameter.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 600-608 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The characteristics of a new heterogeneous reactor of the “two impinging streams” type, suitable for gas-solid heat and mass-transfer operations, were investigated.The operating limits of the reactor, with respect to gas and solid particles mass flow rate and pressure drop, were determined; scale-up criteria with respect to the hydrodynamics of the reactor were also established. It has been found that, under certain conditions, the introduction of solid particles into the gas stream lowers the pressure drop on the reactor. In addition, the maximal pumping energy per kg of solids transported through the reactor by the air is much lower than in a fluidized-bed-type reactor.A stochastic model based on Markov processes was developed which closely describes the behavior of the solid particles in the reactor. A technique based on this model was employed for determining the residence time distribution of the particles in the reactor.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 639-641 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 631-636 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A single polystyrene sphere of radius a, between 141 and 275 micron, when in jected into a disk-plate (torsional) flow of polybutene (viscosity 36 poise, Mn ∼680), migrates radially inward at a rate that is dramatically increased by dissolving 1% of a high-molecular-weight polyisobutylene (Mv ∼106) to make the fluid viscoelastic. The torsional flow field was created by rotating a 21-cm-diameter disk at a rate ω of 6-9 rpm with a gap H of 3.7-5.4 mm between this and a ground glass plate with the fluid in the gap. Lateral migration toward a lower shear rate increased with increasing shear rate and with increasing shear rate gradient in the manner predicted by Brunn (1976) or Chan and Leal (1977). Shear rates up to 25 s-1 were investigated. Below a shear rate of 8 s-1 the radial migration velocity is of the form vr = - L(ωa/H)2r, where L is a positive constant containing the fluid properties, and r is the radial position of the particle.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 679-682 
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 697-699 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 702-703 
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 705-710 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Preparative, multicomponent liquid chromatographic separations have been achieved by using a slowly rotating annular sorbent bed with fixed multiple feed points and fixed product withdrawal locations. The cation exchange separation of copper, nickel, and two cobalt complexes has been extensively used to study the effects of rotation rate, eluent rate, bed loading, and column size on separation performance. Experimental results have been compared with three theoretical models: plate theory, an analytical solution which incorporates multicomponent Langmuir isotherms, and an extension of the analytical solution to include dispersion effects.
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    Notes: A semitheoretical method has been established for superimposing the residual thermodynamic properties of pure methane and of pure water over wide ranges of pressure (0.01 to 1,000 MPa) and temperature (triple point to twice the critical temperature). Using reasonable mixing rules with two binary parameters, this superposition also gives mixture properties, including high-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria.
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    Notes: Simple, efficient and noniterative algorithms are developed for the calculation of the dynamics of continuous countercurrent processes described by hyperbolic differential equations. The algorithms are derived using the method of characteristics and are particularly useful for either general quadratic or hyperbolic isotherms such as the Langmuir isotherm. The use of characteristic coordinates for the numerical solution avoids accumulating errors that would arise from computations based on a rectangular grid of real time and space coordinates.The proposed methods can provide an efficient framework for extension to transport processes with general nonlinear rate expressions. The algorithms and methods initially derived for simple models can be extended to more complex systems such as countercurrent flow with accumulating stationary phases and response to distributed disturbances.The application of the algorithm and methods to a number of countercurrent mass and heat transfer processes will be illustrated in Part II, where the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods will also be demonstrated by comparison to available analytic solutions. An example demonstrating the extension of the method to a system with complex coupled boundary conditions will also be discussed.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 802-807 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical equation is derived for the collision rate of aerosol particles in a homogeneous and isotropic turbulent system. This equation takes into account the relative velocity between fluid and particles. The calculated results indicate that the relative velocity between fluid and particles is the main factor in the turbulent coagulation (agglomeration, coalescence) of unequally sized particles in an air flow. This hold true, even when the particle sizes are less than 1 micron. For particles of equal radii the coagulation coefficient reaches its minimum value, because the effect of motion relative to the fluid now becomes zero and only the spatial variation of turbulent motion remains to cause collisions between the particles. For particles following a fluid motion completely, as in a water stream, the equation for the collision rate reduces to the Saffman and Turner equation.
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    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 818-820 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 11-20 
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    Notes: A fast and accurate method was developed for the integration of large sparse systems of stiff initial value ordinary differential equations. The system is ordered, decoupled and, if necessary, torn into subsystems (also called blocks) which are then solved by orthogonal collocation on finite elements. The size of these elements, or steps, is different for each subsystem and is a function of the stiffness of the set of equations constituting the subsystem. The steps are overlapped for maximum computational efficiency.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 20-30 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The statistical behavior of some common parameter estimation methods is investigated by simulation. The methods based on the maximum likelihood principle give the best estimates of parameters in a given model. An analysis of the possibilities for detecting systematic errors by means of the maximum likelihood method showed that this method gives at best the same information as other well known tests.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 7-11 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
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    Notes: To study the effect of H2O2 on NO reduction with NH3, the homogeneous gas phase reaction of NH3—NO—H2O2—O2 was investigated in a Pyrex flow reactor over the temperature range from 500°C to 600°C under one atmospheric pressure. H2O2 accelerated the NO reduction by NH3 and caused it to be induced at a temperature of 500°C. In the absence of O2, NOx reduction ratio of more than 90% was obtained for NH3/NO=5 and H2O2/NO=1 at 550°C. In the presence of O2 or an excess of H2O2, two side reactions, which cause the NOx reduction ratio to decrease, occur.One of the side reactions is NO oxidation with H2O2. It was found experimentally that NO2 inhibited NO reduction and that H2O2 was an NO oxidizing agent, as well as an NH3 decomposing agent. The other side reaction was the formation of NO and NO2, which resulted from the oxidation of NH3 with O2. Under the conditions of our experiments, the amount of O2 in our reaction system was extremely high compared to the amounts of NO, NH3 and H2O2 in the system. Thus NOx was assumed to be produced by the oxidation of the NO reducing radicals, which were produced by the reaction of NH3 with H2O2.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 56-60 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transient thermal response of a power-law type non-Newtonian, laminar boundary layer flow over a wedge is investigated. Consideration is given to the case of a step change in surface temperature. Details of the transient heat flux and the temperature field are obtained and have been presented graphically. The range of Prandtl numbers investigated is from 5 to 1000 while the viscosity index was allowed to vary from 0.1 to 5.0.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 103-111 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A high-temperature molten carbonate electrochemical cell has been tested for use as a carbon dioxide concentrator in a manned spacecraft. Carbon dioxide is removed from a stream of cabin air supplied to the cathode of the bench scale cell. It is then concentrated through the molten carbonate electrolyte to the anode. The anode is fed either hydrogen (energy producer) or nitrogen (substance producer). Performance variation with gas flow rate, cell temperature, carbon dioxide partial pressure, and current are presented and analyzed.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 117-128 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model describing the entrainment of solid particles in the freeboard region of a fluidized bed is proposed. Published experimental data have been used to correlate the entrainment rate near the bed surface and the elutriation rate above the bed. It has been shown that the column diameter can have an important influence on the amount of fines elutriated.
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  • 82
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurement of vapor-liquid equilibria and azeotropic states of propane-perfluorocyclobutane mixtures are reported in this paper. The propane-perfluorocyclobutane system exhibits positive azeotropic behavior which persists in the critical region of the system. The prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria and of the locus of azeotropic points using an extended corresponding states principle is also reported. The predictions require information obtained solely from a study of the critical states of the system.
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  • 83
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Knowledge of the local distribution of the light energy, in a photochemical reactor in the presence of an absorbing substance which reacts at a rate of order different from one with respect to the adsorbed light intensity, is important in order to calculate the mean rate of reaction and the design of the reactor. Here we report a simple method for the determination of this profile as a function of the concentration of an absorbing substance and we compare the results obtained with the models of emission from the literature. A semi-empirical model accounting for our experimental results is presented.
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  • 84
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 182-190 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis is presented to described the dynamics of fluidized bed adsorption columns. A microbial film model (recently proposed by the authors) is used to characterize the bacterial activity and its interaction with adsorption and solids mixing. Solids mixing and mixing in the liquid phase are included in the analysis, as is the effect of microbial film growth on the settling velocity of the adsorbent particles. The interplay of film growth, bed stratification and solids mixing is discussed in detail.
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  • 85
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 208-214 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model for packed-bed reactors with dispersion is derived rigorously via the volume averaging approach. Though it is quantitatively more consistent with experimental data, it requires less computational efforts than the prevalent Fickian model. The adverse effects of dispersion on conversion are demonstrated both numerically and analytically using the new model.
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  • 86
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 237-244 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple technique is developed and is used to measure simultaneously the overall rate and the depth of the reaction zone in the porous solid. It is shown that by using some simple models, one may calculate the intrinsic rate constant and the pore diffusivity from the overall rate and the penetration depth. Models which allow for a varying pore diffusivity according to a linear porosity profile are presented, and have been shown more satisfactory than the constant diffusivity models of Thiele and of Zeldovich when applied to the high temperature carbon-carbon dioxide reaction.
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  • 87
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 261-266 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The absorption rate of sulfur dioxide from a gas mixture of SO2 and N2 into aqueous acetic acid and adipic acid solutions at pH 4 to 6 has been measured at 25°C in a continuous stirred vessel with an unbroken gas-liquid interface. The experimental data have been modeled by approximate surface renewal theory with multiple equilibrium reactions. The model has been used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of eleven organic acid additives at typical limestone scrubber conditions. Adipic, sulfopropionic, sulfosuccinic, and hydroxypropionic acids appear to be the most promising alternatives.
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  • 88
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 286-293 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dispersion was studied by subjecting clusters of spherical particles (20-400 μm) to laminar flow fields. The clusters were: cohesionless, consisting of particles suspended in the same liquid as the bulk medium and cohesive for which a different liquid was used to make the suspension. Both qualitative and quantitative results are presented.
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  • 89
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 311-324 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A structural model for a porous medium in the form of a randomized, three-dimensional network is developed that can be used to calculate permeability, capillary pressure as measured under static conditions and during steady-state flows, and relative permeabilities as measured during steady-state flows.This randomized network model, expressed in terms of seven free parameters, can be employed to correlate for a given system the single-phase permeability, the drainage and imbibition capillary pressure curves, and the two drainage relative permeability curves. The subsequent portions of the hysteresis loops for capillary pressure and for the relative permeabilities then can be predicted.The limited data available from the literature for unconsolidated packed beds have been successfully correlated: 100 to 200 mesh sand and uniform 181 μm glass spheres. Data for a bed of sintered 200 μm glass beads also has been successfully described.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 344-346 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 91
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 92
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 392-396 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The results of batch settling tests with various coal powders in model oils indicated that the viscosity and the aromatic/paraffinic nature of the oil influences the sedimentation and the aggregation rate of the particles. Oxidation of paraffin oil may result in the generation of surface active agents which retards the sedimentation of certain coals.
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  • 93
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 410-417 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A design method is presented that takes into account the effects of both diffusion and deactivation on hetergeneous catalytic reactors. Improvements that can be made by the method are demonstrated and an efficient methodology is developed by which the design problem as well as associated optimization problems can be solved in a routine manner. The approach is based on the reactor point effectiveness for global rate of reaction in terms of bulk fluid conditions. Some important features emerge from the examples presented.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 440-447 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Phase-equilibrium conditions for multicomponent hydrocarbon-water mixtures were experimentally determined, demonstrating that both structure I and structure II hydrates can form from a single mixture. Model parameters were optimized to allow prediction of the hydrate structure, and prediction of the pressure and temperature of hydrate formation for the experimental mixtures.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 480-486 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that heat transport by horizontal conduction in thermal displacement processes in porous media has a stabilizing effect on condensation fronts. This paper expands the stability analysis by also including the description of heat transfer lateral heat losses by conjungate (vertical) conduction. A marginal stability condition is derived in terms of a parameter Λ representing the relative magnitude of heat transfer by conjugate conduction. It is shown that lateral heat losses ask a significant stabilizing effect on the front. This effect should be important in thermal oil recovery processes such as steam injection and in-situ combustion.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 474-479 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Transport rates were measured by monitoring the pressure decay between two reservoirs connected by a polyethylene membrane. The diffusion equation was integrated to obtain a relation between the pressure difference across the reservoirs and the time, with solubility, expressed by Henry's law constant H, and the diffusivity D as parameters. A procedure was developed whereby both H and D are evaluated from a single set of Δp vs. t measurements. For argon in low-density polyethylene, H and D at 323 K were 35[kg·mo]/(m3 of gas)/[kg·mol/(m3 of polymer)] and 2.1 × 10-10 m2/s, respectively. For the high-density sample these values were 38.7 and 1.11 × 10-10 at 298.1 K.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 486-492 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The changing geometry of electrodes undergoing electrodeposition or dissolution can be simulated by successive solutions of Laplace's equation with nonlinear boundary conditions. To overcome the instability in the finite-difference calculation caused by nonlinear boundary conditions, a weighting algorithm to compute the new surface potential on successive iterations has been developed.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 517-521 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 529-535 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The temperature profile, total emissivity, flux density distribution, and effective mean penetration distance were determined from measurements in high-temperature solar fluidized beds. A theoretical model is proposed to describe the complex heat transfer phenomena in the radiation penetration zone of the fluidized layers. The results correlated well at incipient fluidizing conditions for beds of silicon carbide and chamotte but were found imprecise for beds of zirconia and silica sand.
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    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 565-573 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The problem of multicomponent liquid phase adsorption in fixed beds was studied further. In contrast to the earlier work (Hsieh et al., 1977), the method developed in this work is more efficient and also has a greater scope of applicability as it incorporates the use of the IAS (Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory) method for the estimation of multicomponent adsorption equilibrium data. It was shown that the use of the more complex IAS method for the prediction of the isotherm data does not present insurmountable obstacles as once feared (DiGiano, 1978) but provides much better prediction of carbon adsorption. An extension of the method to batch adsorption was shown to be straightforward and presented no special difficulty.
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