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  • Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics  (482)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (482)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Annual Reviews
  • Elsevier
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (482)
  • 1984  (276)
  • 1982  (206)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (482)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • Annual Reviews
  • Elsevier
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  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (482)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular connectivities of submolecules [H. Joela, Theor. Chim. Acta 39, 241 (1975)] corresponding to Kekulé structures of nine nonalternate hydrocarbons and four nonbenzenoid hydrocarbons containing four-membered rings are correlated with their Kekulé indices. In the latter class of compounds it was observed that the corresponding submolecules contain cut vertices and bridges in contrast to submolecules of benzenoid hydrocarbons which are devoid of such bridges. It was observed, furthermore, that the branching index goes up with the number of bridges in the submolecule. The results present an application to the abstract relation [D. Cvetković, I. Gutman, and N. Trinajstić, J. Chem. Phys. 61, 2700 (1974)] between resonance and MO theories.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is well known that the CNDO and INDO methods fail in the field of theoretical conformational analysis of conjugated compounds. The NDDO approximation, however, can be applied very successfully to this problem. In this paper, a comparative analysis of these three approximations is performed to clarify the reasons for the failure of the former two methods. It is shown that the defects are inherent in their formalisms, and there is no reasonable possibility to compensate them (e.g., by reparametrization) at the level of the CNDO and INDO approximations. The central inadequacy is the oversimplified treatment of the two-center exchange interaction. In the case of molecules containing heteroatoms with lone-pair electrons the known defects concerning the description of Coulombic interactions of anisotropic charge distributions can additionally influence the results. To overcome these shortcomings, at least an extension of the formalism to the level of the NDDO method is necessary.
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  • 3
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 21 (1982), S. 899-903 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To calculate atom-atom interactions at high temperatures, one needs the electron densities of the interacting atoms. The present paper outlines an approach by which the temperature-dependent electron densities of compressed atoms may be obtained. The approach suggested makes use of the temperature-dependent Thomas-Fermi (TF) equation, and a variational principle by which this equation may be solved approximately.
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  • 4
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 21 (1982), S. 905-915 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The performance of a recently proposed scaled one-electron Hamiltonian (SOEH) model is tested against parallel sets of restricted open-shell calculations by the method of Roothaan. It is found that the energy calculated by SOEH model, in general, lies slightly higher than the energy computed by the restricted open-shell method of Roothaan lending credibility to the application of variational argument to the scaled pseudoenergy functional (Eav) for deriving the SOEH model. The numerical stability of the converged SOEH energy with respect to changes in trial vectors indicates the reliability of the method. The SOEH model is shown to perform well in the calculation of geometries of radicals and ions. The convergence behavior of the SOEH model is compared with that of the restricted open-shell method of Roothaan.
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  • 5
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 21 (1982), S. 943-943 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 183-190 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Operator Ω and reaction operator T of Löwdin are studied with a slightly different approach, which leads to a clearer understanding of their nature and brings out the relevance of the conditions for the invertibility of K studied in the preceding work in this series.
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  • 7
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 241-251 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The roles of kinetic and potential energy operators in the formation of a chemical bond are investigated using the virial and electrostatic theorems. It is shown that an integrated form of the virial theorem throws a new light on a paradox involving changes in the mean kinetic energy on bond formation. Detailed calculations on the ground state of H2+ lead to a surprisingly simple electrostatic approximation to the bond. The entire potential curve is given to good accuracy (ca. 80% bond energy) by the electrostatic forces between the two protons and a single, nodeless, spherically symmetric charge cloud representing the electron, provided that, if the bond is stretched beyond about 3.6 a.u. the charge cloud switches suddenly from a central location to a position near one proton.
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  • 9
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 289-292 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that the utilization of an average occupation number for open shell orbitals, having different occupation numbers in a degenerate wave function, tantamounts to disregard first order contributions in a CI-type expansion of the wave function. These contributions are taken into account in a SCF process that derives the differently occupied open shell orbitals as eigenfunctions of different Fock-type operators and accounts for the total symmetry.
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  • 10
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 351-365 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The singlet instabilities of the RHF ground state in infinite polyenes have been studied in the framework of a semiempirical PPP Hamiltonian, accounting for long-range Coulomb interactions until convergence of the ground-state energy per electron value. The symmetry-adapted RHF solution (SAS) has been shown to be unstable to the formation of bond-order alternation waves (BAW's) and charge-density waves (CDW's). The CDW solutions have been shown to be higher in energy than the corresponding BAW solutions and to represent saddle points of the energy hypersurface, unstable to the formation of BAW's for physically realistic range of variation of the semiempirical parameters. Analytical formulas for the SAS ground-state energy per electron have been derived in case of a Coulomb law and a Mataga-Nishimoto formula for the two-center Coulomb integrals.
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  • 11
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 415-420 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Calculations with pseudopotentials of double-zeta quality have been performed on ethylene, acetylene, and water molecules. A description of the carbon-carbon double and triple bonds is presented in the framework of the pseudo-FSGO method. A possible model of the oxygen lone pairs has been established and its functioning has been proved by calculations on the water molecule.
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  • 12
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 435-440 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 13
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 441-441 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 14
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 459-484 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A generalization of the Hartree-Fock molecular orbital (MO) theory for treating diradical intermediates was explained pictorially by drawing molecular orbitals of diradical species such as ring-opened trimethylene. The generalized MO theory applied to elucidate electronic mechanisms of concerted, ionic, radical, and ion-radical reactions of organic reactants in the ground state. Generalized MO computations revealed the most essential characteristics of these reactions and mutal relationships between the worlds of Woodward-Hoffmann and Hughes-Ingold. Generalized MO studies supported our orbital symmetry, stability and pairing rules for concerted, ionic and radical reactions in the ground state, respectively. An extension of MO treatments to excited states reactions was briefly pointed out in relation to the density and spin correlation functions by the multireference CI wave functions.
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  • 15
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 547-556 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nonplanarity of a peptide unit has been studied by the ab initio method (GAUSSIAN 76) considering both the pyramidal structure of nitrogen and the variation of the ω angle for the N-methyl-acetamide and N-ethyl-acetamide in their cis and trans conformations. Several semiempirical methods have also been used for the sake of completeness of this work. All methods except CNDO and PCILO support a nonpyramidal structure for the nitrogen. The distortions of the planarity of the peptide unit show for both cis and trans conformations of the model compounds a significant asymmetric shift of the minimum on the energy curve for the ω rotation.
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  • 16
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 293-298 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The calculations of long-range interaction energy are often based on multipole expansion. The truncated multipole expansion and interaction energy calculated with it are noninvariant with respect to an arbitrary choice of local coordinate systems. In this paper we show that truncated multipole expansion of form Σk = 1n CkR-k is “numerically” independent on a choice of local coordinate systems, if convergence conditions are satisfied.
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  • 17
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 307-330 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Euler transformation for accelerating convergence of a series is considered in the context of handling divergent (asymptotically convergent) perturbation series. A generalized (parametrized) version of this transformation is developed, based on the conjecture of Dalgarno and Stewart, which works better. Viewed from this standpoint, the Padé approximants follow as a special case of the parametrized Euler transformation (PET), as is the case with the μ transformation procedure of Feenberg in a perturbative context. The PET is shown to serve as a more general method of handling a divergent series and is able to appreciate the construction and convergence behavior of specific sequences of Padé approximants. The role of parametrization in the context of the Z-1 perturbation theory of atoms is also noted and the workability of the adopted strategy is demonstrated by choosing some specific test cases.
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  • 18
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 385-395 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is formulated for enumerating and constructing isomerization reactions of molecules exhibiting large amplitude nonrigid motions. This method not only enumerates the isomers of nonrigid molecules and the corresponding rigid molecules but also the symmetry species spanned by the equivalent structures whose representative is an isomer. Consequently, using the method of correlating the symmetry species of a group to the symmetry species of its subgroup the splitting patterns of isomers of nonrigid molecule to those of rigid molecule are obtained. This provides an elegant method for both enumerating and constructing reaction graphs. The method is illustrated with examples.
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  • 19
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 429-431 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 20
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 443-443 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 21
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 537-545 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enzymes are large aperiodic structures and this hinders both ab initio molecular orbital and Bloch-type band theory of calculations. A frontier orbital perturbation theory of catalysis is applied to enzymes. Reasons are given for proposing that the induced-fit conformational changes, essential to enzymatic catalysis, leads to an increase in the electronic eigenvalue density at the active site, enhancing the necessary catalytic orbital perturbation.
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  • 22
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 575-582 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hypothesis that an electrostatic effect of the buried aspartate side chain may contribute considerably to the extreme catalytic power of serine proteinases is presented. This statement is based on an analysis of environmental effects, due to amino acid residues in the vicinity of the Ser-221…His-64 couple and to hydration in subtilisin BPN'.
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  • 23
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 661-662 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 24
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 681-690 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of a small deformation of CĈO angle in phenol (tilt), into the rotational far-infrared (FIR) spectrum is analyzed using several approaches. In all of them, the CNDO/2 method is used to determine the potential energy functions. In a first step, the C—O bond and the rotation axis are both supposed to coincide with the C2 symmetry axis of the phenyl group. With this assumption the torsional frequencies are calculated in both the symmetric and asymmetric rotor approximations. In a second step, the tilt of the C—OH bond is determined theoretically and found to be -3°, measured from the C2 symmetry axis, the C—OH bond crossing this axis, Using this second geometry, and taking as the rotation axis the C2 axis, the torsional frequencies are again determined in both approximations. An improvement of the calculated transition energies is encountered at each stage of the calculation, when compared with experimental data. Finally the importance of the introduction of a tilt into the FIR torsional frequency calculations is discussed.
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  • 25
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 775-782 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The considerations of Walsh rules are extended to rationalize the loss of planarity in the 1,3nπ* states of simple carbonyl and thiocarbonyl molecules. The role of Fermi correlation in shaping the differences between conformations in the singlet and the triplet state is emphasized. The role played by the π* orbital is also considered.
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  • 26
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 27
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 871-888 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In presence of external electric and magnetic fields, the Schrödinger equation for many-electron systems is transformed into a continuity equation and an Euler-type equation of motion in configuration space. Then, using the natural-orbital Hamiltonian, as defined by Adams, the two fluid-dynamical equations are derived in the three-dimensional space. This generates a “classical” view of such quantum systems, corresponding to an MCSCF wave function: The many-electron Schrödinger fluid consists of individual fluid components, each corresponding to a natural orbital and having its own charge density and current density. The local observables, viz., the net charge density and net current density, are obtained by merely summing over the natural orbitals, with the occupation numbers as weight factors; but, the net velocity field cannot be so obtained. Further, although each fluid component moves irrotationally in the absence of a magnetic field, the net velocity field is not irrotaional. The irrotational character of each velocity component is destroyed by rotation of the nuclear framework of the system while electron spin introduces an additional term, the spin magnetization moment, into each component current density. The physical significance of the fluid-dynamical equations as well as their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 971-988 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A diabatic representation is introduced to describe electronic states around adiabatic pseudocrossings, as an alternative to presently available representations. A transformation from the adiabatic to the new diabatic representation is chosen to assure well behaved diabatic potentials for arbitrary momentum coupling strengths. Parameters of the transformation are determined by minimizing momentum couplings in the pseudocrossing region. The problem of two electronic states in one relative position variable is treated in detail and is studied with a numerical model. A comparison of results of our procedure and of other available ones is given. The present developments also provide a criterion for neglecting momentum couplings based on their strength and on the range of collision energies.
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  • 29
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 939-970 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The magnitude of reorganization energies in the photoelectron (PE) spectra of various transition metal compounds with Mn, Fe, and Ni as 3d center is studied by means of a variable INDO Hamiltonian. The Koopmans defects are analyzed as a function of the one-electron resonance integral βμνAB and as function of the one- and two-center electron-electron interaction integrals. βμνAB has the property of an inverse coupling constant; reorganization effects are enlarged with reduced βμνAB values. In the limit of very small resonance integrals a reduction of the calculated Koopmans defects due to modified localization properties of the orbital wave function is encountered. The two-center electron-electron interaction integrals γμνAB have been calculated via an exponential formula with a variable range parameter. In the limit of long-range potentials with flattened γ;μνAB gradients a significant reduction of relaxation and correlation is diagnozed; large defects are predicted in the short-range limit with steep gradients in the repulsion potential. The one-center Coulomb and exchange integrals (γμνAA, KμνAA) have been modified by a multiplicative factor. With enlarged one-center integrals enhanced Koopmans defects are encountered. The reorganization energies are determined by means of a Green's function approach with a renormalized approximation for the self-energy part.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 1153-1175 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the optimal wave functions obtained by means of the superposition of correlated configurations method, elaborated previously, static and dynamic polarizabilities and rigorous lower bounds to them have been calculated for the ground states of three-electron atoms in the lithium isoelectronic sequence (Li I-C IV). The results can be treated with considerable confidence, especially for higher members of the sequence. Furthermore, the calculated rigorous lower bounds for static polarizabilities enable us to rule out several theoretical and experimental values obtained previously. The results obtained by us are then employed to evaluate the leading unknown terms in the Z-1-type expansion for the polarizability, extending thereby our treatment to much higher members of the isoelectronic sequence.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 1209-1220 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two small groups (E, σν) and (E, C2) are proposed to describe the orbital symmmetry of the whole reaction paths with respect to suprafacial and antarafacial sigmatropic rearrangements. Furthermore, the symmetries of the two small groups are extended to the systems as a many body treatment performed by Matsen.
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  • 32
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 22 (1982), S. 1271-1279 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: There is considerable evidence indicating that the carcinogenic action of vinyl chloride involves metabolic conversion to the epoxide (chlorooxirane) as the initial step. In order to learn more about its subsequent behavior, we have computed structures, energies and other properties for two different protonated forms of the epoxide, and also for two possible rearrangement products, chloroacetaldehyde and acetyl chloride. An ab initio SCF-MO procedure (GAUSSIAN 70) was used. Oxygen protonation is found to weaken both C—O bonds, the effect being greater for the bond involving the carbon bearing the chlorine. Chlorine protonation leads to a marked weakening of the C—Cl bond; this suggests a possible loss of HCl, leaving behind a carbonium ion (and possible alkylating agent or rearrangement precursor). Thus, while C—O bond breaking is doubtless an important reaction pathway for chlorooxirane, our results indicate that attention should also be focused upon the C—Cl bond; its rupture may conceivably be a key step in the biological action of vinyl chloride.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 201-209 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic spectra of PdCl42- and PtCl42- are studied by quantum-chemical methods with the ultimate object being to understand the differences in reactivity for Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes. Nonrelativistic ab initio UHF, DV - Xα, and MSXα methods give very similar assignments of the spectra for PdCl42-. The d-d spectrum for PtCl42-, which is very different from the d-d spectrum of PdCl42-, agrees qualitatively with the spectra obtained using the relativistic extended-Hückel (REX) and Dirac-Slater (DS) methods. Although the latter two methods disagree somewhat in the interpretation of the high intensity bands in PtCl42-, it appears reasonable to interpret at least one of the lines as a 5d → 6p transition.
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Relativistically parameterized extended-Hückel (REX) calculations concerning species and exchange reactions in the system I or I* + I2 are reported, where I = 2P3/2 and I* = 2P1/2. From their experimental data for related halogen systems X + YZ XY + Z, E. B. Gordon, A. I. Nadkhin, S. A. Sotnichenko, and I. A. Boriev [(Chem. Phys. Lett. 86, 209 (1982)] have proposed a conservation rule for the spin-orbit state (X* → Z*, X → Z). The results of REX calculations, double-group symmetry analysis, and schematic state correlation diagrams reported here are consistent with the proposed conservation rule. Two of the transition states are linear and the third nearly so, but no Γ1/2-Γ3/2 crossings leading to spin-orbit conversion are found.
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  • 35
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 47-55 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The method of the relativistic investigation of the energy spectra and the electronic transitions in the case of complex configurations, based on the theory of the irreducible tensorial operators and the genealogical coefficients, is described. The use of the quasispin and isospin technique in the relativistic approximation is discussed. Expressions are presented for electric multipole transition probabilities for general values of the gauge condition of electromagnetic field potential.
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  • 36
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 23-46 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent developments in relativistic atomic structure have been more in terms of program improvement than in fundamental theory. Some comments on both aspects of this work are illustrated by a description of two different recent applications. In the first, we study the contribution of the interaction of relativity and correlation to the 2 3S-2 3P0,1,2 intervals in heliumlike ions, whose theoretical estimation is important for testing QED. The study of satellite structure in the Kβ x-ray emission spectrum of Ar illustrates a quite different use of the program packages developed at Oxford for investigating configuration interaction. The use of shake theory to predict the initial states, populated along with the primary vacancy giving rise to the diagram line, gives a satellite line intensity distribution which agrees very well with recent experimental spectra.
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  • 37
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The isospin basis is put into operation for investigation of atomic configurations, having two shells of equivalent electrons, characterized by the same orbital (LS coupling) or total (jj coupling) angular momenta of each electron. Tensorial properties of both the operators and the wave functions are studied in this basis. The two-particle operator is expressed in terms of the tensors irreducible in the isospin space. The problem of the additional classification of the levels is considered. The accuracy of the quantum numbers of the isospin basis in jj coupling scheme is discussed.
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  • 38
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 79-96 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The S-matrix formalism is used to treat the phenomenon of resonance energy transfer (sensitized fluorescence). It is shown that for dipole-allowed transitions and short sensitizer-acceptor separations, the relativistic treatment yields the same result as the nonrelativistic Perrin-Förster theory. For large sensitizer-acceptor separations, long-range coupling terms appear in the relativistic treatment. Resonance energy transfer through these long-range coupling terms is compared with spontaneous photon emission, and direct-interaction theories of electromagnetism are discussed. In the Appendix it is shown that the relativistic theory predicts resonance transfer of triplet excitation energy through the spin-spin coupling term in the Breit interaction.
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 131-148 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methods of calculation of potential energy curves or surfaces, including dissociation energies, bond distances, and vibration frequencies, are discussed as well as recently obtained results for several molecules. The ab initio relativistic methods involve the derivation of “shape-consistent” effective potentials from Dirac-Fock atomic calculations. These effective potentials are averaged and differenced with respect to spin with the differences, p3/2 - p1/2, etc., yielding spin-orbit operators. The molecular calculations are then set up in a familiar manner through the SCF stage using spin-averaged effective potentials. The final stage is a configuration-interaction calculation including the spin-orbit terms as well as the electron repulsion terms. Calculations that have been made for several low-lying excited states as well as the ground state for Au2, TlH, Tl2, Sn2, and Pb2 are reviewed. Good agreement is obtained with spectroscopic data and a number of interesting predictions are made.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 263-263 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 41
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 273-273 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 309-320 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The group structure of simple graphs can be found by factoring the adjacency matrix into cyclic blocks. The blocks correspond to permutational subgroups of the graph. The overall group structure is a product of the independent subgroups.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 355-365 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two techniques are presented for reducing the effort required to determine localized orbitals based on the energy or density criteria. The first, population weighted editing of the electronic repulsion integrals, reduces the effort required for each iteration of the localization procedure. The second, damping/extrapolation of the transformation matrix, reduces the number of iterations required to reach convergence. Numerical results are provided for methane and formaldehyde (for the editing method) and for carbon monoxide and boron fluoride (for the damping/extrapolation technique).
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 475-481 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In describing mesomer structures by the original PCILO method several problems may occur because of the use of localized bonds. A so-called VB-PCILO including a superposition of several mesomer boundary structures in the CI perturbation treatment will be proposed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 677-686 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The vibration-rotation levels for the diatomic RKR potential curve are solved using both perturbational and variational approaches. To obtain any-order correction of the energy from unperturbed parameters, an iterative scheme is formulated in the hypervirial framework. Variational calculations are carried out upon a rotationless Morse oscillator basis set and using a transformation technique to treat the effective potential energy function. Numerical results for the RbH X 1Σ+ state are obtained. The accuracy of the energy levels is tested by solving the Schrödinger equation by a numerical procedure.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 723-731 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis of the factors that contribute to the stability of the bond between alkali metal atoms is made by using nonorthogonal configuration interaction. Beyond the orbital size, the overlap of the valence orbitals of one atom with the core orbitals of the other accounts for most of the difference between the hydrogen molecule and the alkali metal diatomics. It is shown that the valence bond description does not provide a satisfactory description in any case except for the hydrogen molecule, and valence electron correlation using the p-type valence orbitals is essential.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Notes: The influence of vibronic coupling between two harmonic CBO potentials with equal minima positions on the electronic absorption and emission spectra is investigated in the framework of our model using the variational procedure. The numerical results, being identical with those obtained through the vibronic coupling model of Fulton, Gouterman, and Brickmann, are discussed with regard to the longest-wavelength electronically forbidden transition, its vibrational structure, and the Stokes loss.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 743-752 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conformational properties of 3-deazapurine nucleosides (namely, 3-deazaadenosine and 3-deazaguanosine) have been investigated by the PCILO method. Both C(2′)-endo and C(3′)-endo sugar puckers have been considered and the results indicate that the conformational preferences of these nucleoside analogs are quite different from those of their parent nucleosides adenosine and guanosine, respectively. This result has been correlated in terms of the biological inactivity of these nucleoside analogs.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A recently proposed orbital optimization technique based on the use of the inverse of the level-shifted Fock operator is successfully applied to a large number of pathologically divergent cases. The possibility of eliminating convergence problems by adopting a similar modification in the operation of the orthogonal gradient method is also successfully tested.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 817-851 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The band structure of porphyrinatonickel(II) (2) has been studied by means of crystal orbital calculations that are based on the tight-binding approximation; the computational framework is a recently developed INDO model for transition metal compounds of the 3d series. The porphyrinato polymer has been studied in an eclipsed arrangement (2a) and in a staggered conformation (2b) where neighboring layers are rotated by 41°. The total energy of the metallomacrocycle has been decomposed into one- and two-center contributions; the latter interaction parameters have been fragmented into physically feasible resonance, exchange, and classical electrostatic (electron-electron, electron-core, core-core) interactions. It is shown that individual two-center potentials between atoms in neighboring layers are prevailingly determined by the electrostatic interaction energy. The NiNi coupling in the chain is highly repulsive; important stabilizing interactions are predicted between the 3d center of one cell and the electronegative N atoms in the neighboring layers. Stabilizing and destabilizing electrostatic interaction potentials largely compensate each other; the net stabilization in the polymer comes from the accumulation of resonance and exchange increments. The unoxidized Ni(II) porphyrinato polymer is an insulator. Several ligand bands (π, σ, and lone-pair) are predicted on top of bands with significant Ni 3d admixtures; the conduction band of the unoxidized strand is of ligand π* character. The dense manifold of ligand states in the vicinity of the Ni 3d states (3dz2, 3dx2-y2, 3dxz/3dyz) prevents the formation of bands in the polymer that are strongly localized at the 3d center. Ni 3dz2 and 3dx2-y2 interact strongly with ligand lone-pair and σ states. Avoided crossings between ∊(k) curves in k space lead to compositions in the various bands that differ significantly at the bottom and the top. The INDO crystal orbital formalism predicts a partial oxidation of ligand bands in derivatives of 2 that contain oxidants (e.g., halides). The theoretical findings derived for 2 are compared with available experimental data on highly conducting porphyrinatonicke(II) polymers (tetrabenzo and octamethyltetrabenzo derivatives of 2).
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 1023-1033 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A variational functional method is improved and generalized in order to obtain approximate bound-state energies of a wide variety of quantum-mechanical systems. Calculations on the discrete spectrum of the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field and the bounded harmonic oscillator show that the procedure is very promising.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 25 (1984), S. 1055-1060 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The CNDO/BW modification of the CNDO/2 approximation was used within the PCILO framework. It was shown on some significant examples that all the good results of the original PCILO-CNDO/2 method can be reproduced by the modified version PCILO-CNDO/BW at least. Thus, preserving the quality of its results a computer-expense-reduced PCILO method is proposed for calculations on large molecular systems.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 197-212 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An ab initio Hartree-Fock method devoted to the study of polymers is presented, truncation criteria for the exchange and the Coulomb series are discussed, and it is shown that the error in the total energy evaluation can be reduced to below 0.0001 a.u./cell with little computational effort. Results for six polyacetylene isomers are presented and compared with previous ab initio data obtained using the same basis set. In agreement with the experimental findings, the alternating all-trans structure is the most stable.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 237-250 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new minimum basis set was developed for use in computing excitation energies of large molecules. It is particularly suited to calculating ionization potentials and Rydberg transitions. Pyrrole excitation energies and oscillator strengths calculated with this basis set are compared to larger basis set ab initio and semiempirical results. The 6-eV band in the experimental spectrum is predicted to be the result of three Rydberg absorptions, with no underlying (π, π*) absorption. The calculations also provide an explanation for the observed N—H stretch in the 6-eV region.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 251-274 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio methods have been used to calculate the ground and excited states of “normal” and “hyper” porphyrins. Perturbation theory and CI methods were used to determine differential ground and excited-state correlation effects for [Pv(P)F2]+ and [PIII(P)]+. A comparison is made to the INDO/S/CI predicted wavefunctions and spectra and to the experimental spectra of closely related molecules. The “hyper” [PIII(P)]+ calculations show some very low energy electronic transitions which provide an explanation for an anomalous “red” band in the spectrum and for the lack of fluorescence. Ab initio calculations also predict that (1) the lowest energy 1A1 state is a two-configuration wavefunction which can be described as a diradical, (2) the two lowest-energy singlet excited states are double excitations from the closed shell SCF configuration, and (3) a 3B2 state is very close in energy to the lowest 1A1 state.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 339-347 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The operator technique with a minimum of commutator algebra is employed to calculate matrix elements of any number of operators between distorted, displaced harmonic oscillator wavefunctions. The results are valid for multidimensional integrals, and regardless of the extent of the Duschinsky effect. General recursion relations useful in machine calculations are given. The formalism is illustrated for the well-known one-dimensional Franck-Condon integrals.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 383-403 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The multiple bond description supplied by localized molecular orbitals obtained within the ZDO approximation is analyzed. In particular, conditions for the appearance of σ-π separation and of continuous degeneracy of the localization sum against σ-π mixing are given for two current ZDO energy- and density-localization methods. Likewise, a convenient modification of the latter is presented together with some illustrative examples.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 125-143 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper shows that the spin-shift formalism developed in B. T. Pickup and A. Mukhopadhyay [Int. J. Quantum Chem. 26, 101 (1984)] supports a one-component diagrammatics which has a systematics akin to that in the spin-orbital many-body theory. The diagrams are neither Goldstone nor Yutsis type, and characterize the chain U(2R) ⊃ U(R)⊗SU(2) on which the spin-shift formalism is based. Accordingly, while the lines in such diagrams are labeled by the orbital indices, the diagram structure adequately reflects the irreducible representation of the group U(R). In this sense the paper presents a unitary group approach to the natural generalization of the usual many-body theory for the spin-adapted cases. A set of very simple rules is derived; their similarity with the corresponding rules in the ordinary many-body theory and practical utility are discussed in connection with (a) matrix elements over many-electron spin states and (b) closed- and open-shell many-body perturbation theory. A possibility of integral-driven many-body perturbation theory for open-shells is indicated. Connections of this formalism with others are also discussed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 183-196 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The equilibrium geometry of formhydroxamic acid has been calculated within the framework of the INDO-MO formalism. Various structural factors are analyzed and discussed in terms of the calculated force constants and charge distribution. The possibility of internal rotation around the C—N bond of formhydroxamic acid has been examined. The potential energy surface for the amide-imide tautomerism is explored by calculating the geometries and characterizing saddle points on that surface. The cyclic and open dimers of formhydroxamic acid are examined and the hydrogenbond energy and length are calculated.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 479-488 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: From the density operator, some constants of the motion are defined and established. We suggest calling them conjunctural constants of the motion. It is proved that no more than n - 1 of them can be linearly independent. Using su(m) (m 〈 n ) subalgebra associated with the Hamiltonian-operator, it is shown how conjunctural constants of the motion can be expressed in terms of the coherence vector components.
    Notes: A partir de I'opérateur-densité d'un système quantique à n états, sont définies et calcultes des constantes du mouvement pour lesquelles est proposée I'appellation nouvelle de conjoncturelles. On établit qu'il en existe au maximum n - 1 linéairement indépendantes. A I'aide des sous-algèbres su(m) (m 〈 n ), on montre comment il est possible d'introduire, suivant la forme de I'hamiltonien, des constantes du mouvement conjoncturelles reliées aux composantes du vecteur de cohérence.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 593-605 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this survey paper the different possible theoretical ways of treating the SN2 reaction are explained. It is shown that, in the future, experience and theory will very likely complement each other.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 709-715 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The concept of the chemical bond is very old. Many interpretations have been proposed. Nevertheless, the problem is far from being solved. At the present time, the chemist has the choice between two models: the Lewis model (electron pairs) and the quantum model. In spite of a current opinion, both models are not logically equivalent. The localization of molecular orbitals is only a mathematical operation which does not involve any physic localization of the electrons. The loge theory is not more satisfying owing to the fact that loges with minimal fluctuation do not exist in all molecules. The theory of orbital domains seems to bring a solution. Nevertheless, its interpretation can be obtained only outside the strict framework of quantum mechanics.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 717-723 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some mathematical implications of the extended nature of model chains are reviewed to call attention to their importance in electronic structure calculations at the restricted Hartree-Fock Roothaan level.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 753-768 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of an impurity in a quasi-one-dimensional system is addressed. A hydrogen atom in a lithium chain serves as physical model. Two complementary descriptions, the cluster model approach with focus on local interactions, and the self-consistent Green's function approach which takes into account the extended nature of the system will be presented at the Hartree-Fock level. The results of both approaches are discussed in a comparative analysis.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 793-822 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: After mentioning differences in C—O and Si—O bonding and different structural types of silicates, the conclusion that interactions between external partners and surfaces of silica and zeolites are mostly dominated by van der Waals forces is discussed. Consequently, the theoretical treatment includes (i) selection of appropriate cluster models, (ii) application of nonempirical quantum chemical methods for obtaining interaction potentials, and (iii) statistical thermodynamic evaluation of adsorption characteristics. As examples vibrational frequencies of H2O and NH3 adsorbed on cationic sites, the interaction of conjugated hydrocarbons with Na+ sites, and the interaction of H2O with various sites on silica and zeolite surfaces are considered.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 831-841 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this review we briefly outline the model developed by Collins and co-workers [T. C. Collins, A. B. Kunz, and R. S. Weidman, Recent Advances in Quantum Theory of Polymers, J. M. Andre et al., Eds., Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1979), Vol. 113, p. 240; T. C. Collins, M. Seel, J. J. Ladik, M. Chandrasekhar, and H. R. Chandrasekhar, Phys. Rev. B 27, 140 (1983)] for CdS and CuCl. The model should be applicable to organic semi-conductors. It is the outgrowth of the work of Little [W. A. Little, Phys. Rev. 134, 1416A (1964)], Devreese et al. [J. T. Devreese, A. B. Kunz, and T. C. Collins, Solid State Commun. 11, 673 (1972)] and a large amount of literature concerning He3 p-state [A. J. Leggett, Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, 331 (1975)]. This model is built around calculated band structures and the polarization of the valence band by conduction electrons at moderately high impurity concentrations. We extend the model to include both singlet and triplet paired spin states. The parallel paired states contribute a paramagnetic term to the susceptibility, and we discuss the conditions for this term to dominate over the diamagnetic term.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 857-872 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is suggested that the extreme efficiency and specificity observed for chemical reactions in biological systems (compared to chemical reactions occurring under common chemical conditions) is mainly due to special features of these reactions. A key position is ascribed to the role of weak intermolecular interactions (also called noncovalent or van der Waals); in addition, the important role of the entropy and of cyclic or cavitylike shapes of numerous reaction sites, together with the influence of strong local electric fields on transport phenomena and reactivity are discussed. The greatest attention is paid to the applicability of computational methods for evaluation of weak intermolecular interactions, ranging from beyond Hartree - Fock methods to empirical potentials.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 917-931 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The arrangement of membrane-bound pigments, proteins, and lipids in the thylakoids of higher plants is described, and the role of the membrane in preventing the back-reaction is discussed. The photosynthetic bacterium halobacterium halobium is also described. A simplified quantum-mechanical picture of the primary process in photosynthesis is presented, and the mechanism of electron-hole separation in this picture is compared with the corresponding mechanism in a silicon solar cell. An appendix discusses the application of Frenkel exciton theory to the antenna effect.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 955-964 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A brief review is given of the three main known biochemical mechanisms of human oncogene activation. The underlying possible physical and chemical mechanisms (both short- and long-range) caused by chemical carcinogens are also briefly discussed. The probable role in carcinogenesis of conformational solitons generated after the release of carcinogens previously bound to nucleotide bases is pointed out. For such a soliton the Hamiltonian is written down and the solution of classical equations of motion is outlined.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 943-953 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enzymes are catalysts occurring in living cells. The aim of this paper is to describe some basic properties of enzymes and to understand on a physical basis how the intracellular milieu may control the kinetics of enzyme reactions. We shall therefore consider in succession some kinetic properties of enzymes in solution and the way cell surfaces and biological membranes control the dynamics of enzyme reactions. The choice of topics which have been selected in this paper is somewhat arbitrary and certainly reflects the tastes and the personal interests of the authors.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that in the framework of the π-electron approximation even polyenes can be unambiguously divided into 4L- and 4L +2- classes. The classification scheme is based upon the sign alternation of the bond-order between the first and the last atoms and upon the different information content of the bond-order distribution for 4L- and 4L +2- polyenes, respectively. The classification has been shown to hold for the four lowest-lying electronic states: the ground state 1Ag-, the spectroscopically permitted excited state 1Bu+, the spectroscopically forbidden state 1Ag-, and the lowest triplet state 3Bu+ at all levels of sophistication in the π-electron approximation, ranging from the simple Hückel Hamiltonian to the PPP-multi-CI approach. It is shown that the proposed classification is valid also for heteropolyenes and polyenelike/heteropolyenelike fragments from complex organic molecules. The classification has been shown to be useful for the theoretical interpretation of thermo- and photoelectrocyclic reactions. The sign of the bond order between the first and the last atoms (or the average information content) determines unambiguously the topology of the forming cyclic transition state and, thence, the course and the mechanism of these reactions. The results obtained indirectly support the hypothesis that the lowest excited states in butadiene and hexatriene are of the type 1Bu+.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. vii 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 1039-1049 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hartree-Fock equations are viewed as nonlinear algebraic equations that can be solved iteratively. Provided we assume the existence of a solution, valuable properties of convergence may be assessed. The close connection between convergence of the SCF procedure and stability properties of the solution is shown from a nonapproximate standpoint. The convergence features of level-shifting convergence-forcing techniques are analyzed. The connection between this nonlinear algebraic approach and the related gap equation is displayed and the example of the restricted Hartree-Fock hydrogen molecule is discussed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 1017-1027 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article presents the first results of the application of quantum mechanics with complex coordinates to the calculation of partial widths for the radiationless decay of an inner-hole excited autoionizing state, the Ne+1s2s22p6 2S. This is succeeded by the reduction of the multi-electron, multichannel problem in the complex energy plane to five, symmetry adapted, two-electron problems, in accordance with a published theory of many-electron resonances. These two-electron problems are solved independently by using rotated analytic Hartree-Fock orbitals (expressed in terms of Slater orbitals) for the localized components, and Slater plus Gamow orbitals for the rotated, asymptotic square-integrable functions carrying the width information. A recently proposed variational principle is employed for the optimization of nonlinear parameters. Within this independent asymptotic pair approximation (IAPA), our results for the partial widths to the five Ne2+ channels are (in 10-2 a.u.): 1s-2p2 1D: 0.560, 1S: 0.048; 1s-2s2p, 3P0: 0.029, 1P0: 0.154; 1s-2s2, 1S: 0.044. The total width is 0.835. These numbers agree reasonably well with those obtained by Kelly [Phys. Rev. A 11, 556 (1975)] from a many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) calculation, and by Howat et al. [J. Phys. B 11, 1575 (1978)] from a configuration-interaction in the continuum calculation. The most recent experimental results yield 0.604, 0.089, 0.063, 0.174, and 0.060, respectively, with a total width of 0.99. Previous real-coordinate many-electron calculations by Beck and Nicolaides-including relativistic and radiative effects-have predicted the position of the Ne+ 1s hole state at E0 = 870.4 eV above the Ne ground state. It has already been shown that the real energy corresponding to the localized component of the autoionizing state is stable under rotations of the function space describing it. Therefore, the earlier E0 can be incorporated into the present calculation in the complex plane. The shift due to the additive contribution of the IAPA is found to be - 0.09 eV. When this is added to E0, the final E = 870.3 eV is in excellent agreement with experiment [870.3 eV; T. D. Thomas and R. W. Shaw, Jr., J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 8, 45 (1976)].
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 45-53 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Consciousness is defined as a “response potential” and is stated to be present in all modalities of physical universe. Given this, upon the gathering of interacting complex systems, new functional ensembles bearing “mind”-like or “mindal” properties arise. These properties are delineated. They would arise in a coupled system by producing an “order” or “action” parameter, allowing for adiabatic elimination of variables and enslavement of subsystems by it. Singularities, space-time asymmetry, and action would irrevocably ensue. An experimentally testable model of “mind” is thus projected.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 73-86 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 103-108 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Amino acid analysis has been performed on the products of four simultaneous separate thermal copolymerizations of a set of 18 amino acids. Four analyses have been performed also on aliquots of one of the products. Standard deviations have been calculated for the analyses of the products of the four separate copolymerizations, and for the four aliquots of one copolymerization. All calculations indicate a high reproducibility in the copolymerization reactions.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 267-272 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a previous study an energy criterion has been applied for the simplification of the enumeration problem of various conformers of biomolecules. In the present note, the above energy criterion is combined with a spatial criterion that in general leads to a reduction in the size of those domains of biomolecule potential surfaces within which the search for chemically important conformers is warranted. The above model and the conformational domains of primary interest can be formulated in a hyperspherical representation. Advantages and disadvantages of representing biomolecule potential surfaces in terms of hyperspherical coordinates are discussed.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ability of three cultured cell lines (NRK, 6M2, and 54-5A4) derived from rat kidney to quench a population of ascorbyl and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-semiquinone free radicals has been investigated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The radical scavenging action of normal rat kidney (NRK) cells was the weakest, that of 6M2 cells (reversibly transformed phenotype) was four times stronger than NRK, and that of 54-5A4 cells (irreversibly transformed mutants of 6M2) was 10 times greater than NRK. Free radical quenching experiments were also performed on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A much slower scavenging rate was observed for CHO cells of normal phenotype grown in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP than was found for cells of transformed phenotype grown in its absence. The free radical quenching kinetics of the various cell lines studied directly paralleled their state of transformation.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. iii 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 223-235 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Slater-Koster resolvent formalism of exciton theory, as proposed originally by Takeuti, has been applied to calculate charge transfer exciton states and to investigate hypochromism in polynucleotides. As a first step, spatially well localized ab initio Wannier functions (WFS) are calculated at the Hartree-Fock level using a two-phase (inter- and intramolecular) localization procedure for the Fourier transformation of the Bloch functions. The single particle energies, entering the Green's function of the polymer, are corrected for electron correlation effects with the help of second order Møller-Plesset (MP) perturbation theory. The interelectronic matrix elements, used in the MP calculation as well as in solving the resolvent problem for the excitons, are calculated in terms of the WFS. Singlet- and triplet-excitonic dispersions, oscillator strengths, the possible affects of ions, hydration, and aperiodicity on the exciton spectrum are discussed.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The extent of reactivity of a guanine in B-DNA toward aflatoxin B1 depends on the base sequence surrounding that purine in the double helix. In order to account for this variability, we have computed the ASIF (accessible surface integrated field) index for the N7 atom (at which the reaction occurs) of guanine in a G—C pair surrounded on both sides by different types of base pairs in a model oligohelix. When the conformation of the helix is maintained in the B-DNA form, the correlation ASIF reactivity is limited. A study is performed showing the influence on the ASIF index of different departures from the regular B-DNA conformation, likely to occur in a double helix. It is shown that the correlation ASIF reactivity can be strongly improved by allowing some local departures from this regular arrangement.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single-channel studies have shown that there exist a multiplicity of conducting states in Gramicidin A (GA). In an earlier work presented at this symposium, it was proposed that such a multiplicity may be expected from different long-lived side-chain distributions available for the channel molecule. In order to test this hypothesis, Leu5-Gramicidin A was synthesized and the effect of replacing the L · Ala5 residue by L · Leu5 was analyzed. First, molecular mechanics calculations on Leu5-Gramicidin A are presented. Then the single-channel conductance sweeps obtained for Leu5-GA are automatically analyzed in the computer using specifically developed algorithms. The results show a dramatic decrease in the multiplicity of states due to the Leu5 substitution. This experimental result is discussed in the light of structural concepts emerging from molecular mechanics calculations.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 347-353 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Hamiltonian formulation of chemical kinetics is applied to all closed, single-step, integer-order chemical reactions. In all cases, the dynamics of the Hamiltonian leads to the correct phenomenological rate equation. The relationship between reaction order and the form of the reaction potential is discussed.
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    Notes: Pb2+ specifically cleaves yeast tRNAPhe in orthorhombic crystals at phosphates P18 and P60 in the dihydrouridine (D) and pseudouridine (T) loops, respectively. Although there are three major lead binding sites in the tRNA, it appears that both cleavages are affected by the same lead ion. The P18 site is apparently the same site that is hydrolyzed by Pb2+ in solutions of the tRNA and is the major cleavage site in crystals. It is shown from P32 labeling studies with polynucleotide kinase that the products of Pb2+ cleavage have the 5′-hydroxyls on G18 and C60, and consequently the 3′ phosphates are on D17 and U59. The OH- in the first coordination sphere of the hydroxo complex Pb(OH)+ either directly or through a water molecule abstracts the proton of the 2′-OH of D17. This promotes a nucleophilic attack by 2′-O- on P18 with subsequent cleavage of the P—O5′ ester bond to generate the major Pb2+ cleavage product pG18-A76. The anchoring of the Pb2+ by the T-loop and D-loop residues seemingly provide the right environment for the generation of the hydroxo complex required for the hydrolysis. Additionally the strain of the phosphodiester conformation at P18 enhances the cleavage at that site. The Pb2+-catalyzed cleavage of tRNA exemplifies a mechanism used not only for the hydrolysis of transfer RNA but one potentially used by other RNA-catalyzed reaction utilizing metal ion cofactors.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 267-291 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We propose a variant of the coupled-cluster (CC) method in which spin orbitals of the reference Slater determinant are optimized in a self-consistent way. This approach is a reformulation of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (BHF) method used in nuclear physics and known also as the exact SCF method. We discuss the use of the reference-state determinants built of HF, natural, and Brueckner spin orbitals, with relations among them investigated in terms of the many-body perturbation theory (MBPT). It is shown that the Brueckner spin orbitals emerge as a convenient basis set in the coupled-cluster method and equations that determine these spin orbitals are found. The Brueckner spin orbitals can be calculated as eigenvectors of a certain Hermitian one-electron operator which has a form of the Hartree-Fock operator plus a “correlation potential” depending linearly on two- and three- electron cluster amplitudes. The usual decoupling scheme in the coupled-cluster method leads to a hierarchy of approximations; in the first nontrivial one the three-electron cluster amplitudes are neglected, and the two-electron ones are determined by solving Čižek's CPMET equations. We also analyze the problem of spatial, spin, and time-reversal symmertry in the CC and BHF methods. If (and only if) the reference-state determinant belongs to a one-dimensional representation of a certain symmetry subgroup of the system, the CC operator and the BHF one-electron operator are invariant with respect to this subgroup. Thus the restricted (entirely symmetry-adapted) version of the BHF method can be formulated only for the closed-shell systems. This is done for the above-mentioned approximate BHF method. We discuss also the usefulness of the BHF method in application to extended metallic systems.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 21-24 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 61-66 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By use of computer algebra and expansions of orbitals about a single center in spherical harmonics with a matrix representation for the α-function coefficients it is possible to produce formulas for each term of an infinite series that represents the value of a three-center exchange integral. Only seven terms are required to get six decimal digits for triatomic hydrogen. This method is readily generalized to solve all three-center exchange integrals over Slater-type orbitals.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 407-432 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The simulated ab initio molecular orbital (SAMO) method band structures of six fluorinated and six chlorinated polymers derived from linear polyethylene are presented and compared with extended Huckel and CNDO/2 studies and with the results of ESCA spectroscopy.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 449-455 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The summation of the perturbation series for the hydrogen Zeeman effect using the renormalized series technique is studid. Improved results are obtained compared to those obtained from the unrenormalized series; the method has the advantage of not requiring any information on the largeorder behavior of the perturbation series coefficients.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 467-481 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The two lowest bound excited states of the Be- ion, 1s2 2s2p2 4P and 1s2 2p3 4S0, and their respective thresholds, Be 1s2 2s2p 3P0 and Be 1s2 2p2 3P, and the thresholds of these, Be+ 1s2 2s and Be+ 1s2 2p, have been examined using many-body methods. Here, we present the electron affinities (EAs) or ionization potentials, fine and hyperfine structure, and the electric dipole transition probabilities associated with these states and compare them with existing theory and experiment when available. Based on our new EA, a suggestion is made as to why no negative ion transition has yet been seen in the laboratory.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 525-536 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We derive theoretical experessions for molecular third-order frequency-dependent susceptibilities which represent dc electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation. Our results are valid also if some of the molecular eigenvalues are degenerate as long as the molecular ground state is nondegenerate. The results are in suitable form for quantitative applications, either to small atoms or molecules or to large organic conjugated or aromatic molecules.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 601-618 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present results on the energetics of the hydrogen bridges for the Guanine-Cytosine pair obtained in a DNA fragment consisting of three stacked base pairs in the B-DNA conformation. The wave function computations on the 87 atom system are all-electron ab initio SCF-MO computations obtained with a basis set of 1032 primitive gaussian functions contracted to 315. Even if the results are only preliminary, one can tentatively advance conclusions relative to the molecular field effect of stacked base-pairs on the potential energy surface for a hydrogen bond. These computations have been performed with a modified version of our molecular program, which uses an IBM 4341 host and six to ten attached array processors (FPS-164) in parallel. The strategy to convert the program from sequential to parallel is briefly outlined and comparisons with our parallel system are made with a present-day “vector” super-computer. From these studies, we conclude that if one adopts the “parallel” approach presented and tested here, much larger chemical systems than previously are now amenable to all-electron ab initio computations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 675-681 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Current computer hardware developments, in particular, vector processing and parallel processing, are likely to open the door for new applications in quantum chemistry. One applied field that is expected to evolve is a computer-based approach to quantum-chemical synthesis design. Whereas some of the computational difficulties still appear formidable, there are reasons to be optimistic: besides the direct impact of computer hardware developments on existing methods, new theoretical approaches such as density functional theory and numerical molecular wave functions may also become feasible. The topological model of energy hypersurfaces, reaction topology, and quantumchemical manifold theory of reacting systems form a possible framework for a global analysis of a set of all reactions involving a fixed set of nuclei and a fixed number of electrons. The apparent bottleneck for the application of the topological method is the actual computation of the catchment regions (open sets) of reaction topology Tc. In this study some properties of catchment region boundaries are described which lead to computational simplifications. Whereas the ultimate goal of the proposed analysis is to serve as an aid in future quantum-chemical synthesis planning, nonetheless, the boundary networks and sum rules developed in this study may also be of some immediate interest in local surface analysis.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 709-717 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fixed-node quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method is used to obtain the classical barrier height for the H + H2 exchange reaction. Using a spin-restricted, single-determinant trial function ΨT, the authors find that the reaction barrier Eb is less than 9.69 ± 0.25 kcal/mol. This mean value is below the calculated energy barrier obtained by Liu in the most extensive CI calculations on this system. Furthermore, the QMC saddle-point energy of - 1.65903 ± 0.00040 hartrees at the CI-determined geometry lies 0.00027 a.u. (0.17 kcal/mol) below Liu's best CI value. Finally, spinrestricted and spin-unrestricted single-determinant trial functions are contrasted. Although the variational energy 〈ΨT|H|ΨT〉 for an SCF ΨT must be lower for the unrestricted case, this is not true generally for QMC. In fact, we show that if the unrestricted SCF ΨT has the lower QMC energy, then there exists another spin-restricted, single-determinant ΨT whose QMC energy is lower than the QMC energy of the spin-restricted SCF ΨT.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 21 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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