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  • Articles  (13)
  • Oryza sativa  (7)
  • Nitrification  (6)
  • 1980-1984  (13)
  • 1981  (13)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (13)
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  • Articles  (13)
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Keywords
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  • 1980-1984  (13)
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate production in the rhizosphere of Plantago species (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Allelopathy ; Ecophysiology ; Grassland ; Plantago ; Nitrate production ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrate uptake ; Nitrification ; Nitrifying bacteria ; Rhizosphere ; Root environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of nitrate in an old established dune grassland soil and its uptake by plants was studied by comparing amounts of mineral nitrogen and numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere on the one hand, and on the other accumulated nitrate and levels of nitrate reductase (NaR) of individual plants of three Plantago species,i. e., P. major, P. lanceolata andP. coronopus. For these three Plantago species andP. media basal levels of NaR in the absence of nitrate were determined in plants grown in culture solutions. The basal NaR levels ofP. major andP. media (species occurring on nutrient-rich soils) were significantly higher than those ofP. lanceolata andP. coronopus (species found on nutrient-poor soils). NaR activity increased in the presence of nitrate and was suppressed by ammonium. From the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere and NaR activity in the leaves it was concluded that nitrate was produced in the root environments of the three Plantago species and that the compound was taken up by the plants. NaR activities and numbers of nitrifying bacteria were higher for individuals ofP. major than for those ofP. lanceolata andP. coronopus. No correlation was found between the ammonium levels and the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the soil, and no indications of inhibition of nitrifying bacteria in the rhizosphere were obtained. For individuals ofP. lanceolata a correlation was found between the numbers of nitrifying bacteria in the soil and NaR activity in the leaves. The results are discussed in relation to the ecological habitats of the three species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277361
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental determination of nitrogen kinetic isotope fractionation: Some principles; illustration for the denitrification and nitrification processes (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 413-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Denitrification ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen isotope fractionation ; Nitrogen-15 natural abundance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A few principles relative to the presentation and use of nitrogen stable isotopic data are briefly reviewed. Some classical relationships between the isotope composition of a substrate undergoing a single-step unidirectional reaction, are introduced. They are illustrated through controlled experiments on denitrification in a soil, and through nitrification by pure cultures ofNitrosomonas europaea. In the latter case, the isotope fractionation is calculated from the isotopic composition of the residual substrate, then of the product and the result is shown to be statistically the same for the two procedures. The isotopic enrichment factor for denitrification is −29.4±2.4‰ at 20°C, and −24.6±0.9‰ at 30°C; for nitrification this factor is −34.7±2.5‰ under the experimental conditions employed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374138
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen accumulation in Kaolin wastes in Cornwall (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 439-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Agrostis tenuis ; Ammonification ; China clay waster ; Festuca rubra ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen mineralisation ; Reclamation ; Trifolium repens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen mineralisation rates were measured in a series of waste heaps, produced by the china clay mining industry, which had been reclaimed at different times with a sward ofAgrostis tenuis, Festuca rubra, andTrifolium repens. The best swards tended to have high ammonification rates and rapid N turnover (which is represented by a nitrogen turnover index) —nitrification rates or nitrogen accumulation were not such good predictors of sward quality. Ammonification increased with pH and with organic nitrogen accumulation whereas N turnover was not related to these factors. Nitrification levels were generally low and it was concluded that nitrification was not important to sward health. Organic nitrogen increased with age in all swards, ammonification in certain types only and nitrification not at all. Levels of all are well short of those in adjacent grazing land. Rates of turnover had however a tendency to decline towards those in the grazings owing probably to the build up of resistant humus. The proportion of the total nitrogen which is in the biomass (30%) is also higher than in adjacent grazings (6%). Rapid nitrogen cycling is thus needed to maintain productivity and greenness, and the disadvantages of this are discussed. The adequacy of nitrogen cycle development to date is considered, and possible future strategies outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374140
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralization of biuret nitrogen in soil (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 62 (1981), S. 469-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aerobic incubation ; Anaerobic incubation ; Nitrification ; Release of ammonium ; Slow release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Study of the mineralization of biuret N under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in a sandy loam showed that higher amounts of mineral N accumulated under anaerobic incubation than under aerobic conditions. Under waterlogged incubation, 46.8% of the 100 ppm biuret N was mineralized while under aerobic conditions only 18.3% of biuret-N was converted into mineral N during 5 weeks at 30°C. The results of the study bring out slow-release nature of biuret-N.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374144
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of salt tolerance in rice (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; salt-tolerance ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The genetic behavior of salt tolerance was studied in artificially salinized conditions at the International Rice Research Institute. Divergent selection, carried out at a salinity level where the ECe was 15.2 mmhos/cm at 25 C in F3 lines from two crosses confirmed the effects of salt tolerance on F4 progeny with realized heritability values of 0.39 and 0.62, respectively. In a cross between two tolerant cultivars there was clear over-dominance for tolerance, despite the high environmental fluctuation which resulted in a low genetic response as indicated by a low but significant repeatability of 0.20–0.25, and many progeny lines more tolerant than the parents were recovered. The superior tolerance of these progenies compared to the parents was confirmed subsequently at 3 different salt levels. In the same experiment a cross between tolerant and susceptible cultivars produced some progeny of comparable tolerance with tolerant sources. In a 6×6 diallel cross experiment with two tolerant, moderate, and susceptible varieties each, both general and specific combining ability were significant. The findings indicate the possibility of breeding rices more tolerant than existing tolerant cultivars through cumulative crosses of tolerant cultivars. Further improvement can be attained by crossing highly tolerant lines with donors of good agronomic traits and pest and disease resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033990
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening rice genotypes for tolerance to alkalinity and zinc deficiency (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; adverse soils ; mineral deficiency ; salinity ; alkalinity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A preliminary investigation on the inheritance of tolerance to Zn deficiency and the inter-relationship of tolerances to Zn deficiency and alkalinity was made. Three generations of 2 crosses involving parents tolerant (IR20 and IR30) and sensitive (E425) to Zn stress were screened in IRRI concrete beds. One hundred genotypes (varieties and breeding lines) were screened for injury from alkalimity and Zn deficiency. The results of this experiment and earlier mass screening experiments were subjected to association analyses. The results in general indicated that tolerance to different mineral stresses behave nearly independently. The frequency distribution of ratings for 3 generations indicated that the trait tolerance to Zn deficiency is under polygenic control showing continuous variation and transgression in F2. Tolerance seems to be dominant. The heritability varied between crosses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033985
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anther and pollen grain culture of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 541-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; anther culture ; isolated pollen grain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Factors favouring callus proliferation and subsequent regeneration of plants from pollen grains of rice anthers (Oryza sativa L., cvx. Bahia, Girona, Balilla × Sollana and Sequial) were determined. Cultivar differences in response were found, such as a high rate of haploid plant regeneration. In addition, isolated pollen grain culture was used to induce tissue proliferation outside the anther walls. The frequency of callus formation from isolated pollen grains was very low. It was necessary to preculture the anthers before pollen grain separation, in order to accomplish a successful development later. Root differentiation was observed in some of the obtained callus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038780
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transfer of a gene for glutinous endosperm to Oryza glaberrima Steud. From a japonica variety of O. sativa L. (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 867-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza glaberrima ; African rice ; Oryza sativa ; common rice ; non-glutinous character ; glutinous character ; gene symbol ; cytoplasm substitution line ; fertility-restoring gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In common rice, Oryza sativa L. (n=12), the gene Am for ‘non-glutinous’ is dominant over the gene am for ‘glutinous’. In African rice, O. glaberrima Steud. (n=12), no spontaneous glutinous strain has been found, but recently a glutinous strain of glaberrima was induced by EMS-treatment. The interspecific cytoplasm substitution line with sativa cytoplasm and glaberrima nucleus is male sterile. It has been confirmed that the complete restoration of pollen fertility in this male sterile line is attributed to a single dominant nuclear gene Rf j.Trial to transfer gene am from sativa to glaberrima was commenced with backcrosses of the F1 hybrid (glutinous sativa cv. Iwai-mochi ♀ × glaberrima ♂) to glaberrima type plants of the substitution line homozygous for Rf j,using the latter as the pollen parent. At the B1 step, highly fertile glaberrima type Am/am plants were obtained. Thereafter plants of this type were backcrossed to normal glaberrima as the recurrent pollen parent to complete the nuclear substitution. It was confirmed that the EMS-induced glutinous character of glaberrima was a monogenic recessive and that the same gene controls the expression of glutinous character in the different rice species, sativa and glaberrima.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038817
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a simple technique for characterizing rice root systems in relation to drought resistance (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 283-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; root pulling force ; drought resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Drought is a constraint to rice yields in much of Asia's rainfed rice crop. Although genotypic variation for root system characteristics is well documented in this semiaquatic species, little improvement of rice for drought resistance has been attempted. No simple method to evaluate root systems exists. In this paper we report the development and testing of a simple device to measure the pulling force required to uproot rice seedlings. The force required to pull rice seedlings from the paddy soil was correlated with root weight, root branching and thick root number. The capability to separate rice cultivars by this technique and relationship of the root pulling force to other drought screening methods are illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033989
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage studies in rice (Oryza sativa L.): Flowering, awning and awn colour, panicle density and exsertion, liguleless, bent node and pigmentation (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 771-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; inheritance ; flowering ; awning ; awn colour ; panicle density ; panicle exsertion ; liguleless ; bent node ; pigmentation ; linkage ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The cross of two indica types of rice T9 and M35, provided scope for the inheritance study of 16 characters such as flowering, awning and awn colour, panicle density and panicle exsertion, presence of ligule, bent node, and pigmentation in ten other characters. Besides the purple colour, yellow and chalky white were studied for their inheritance. Two to five pairs of factors were found to govern the 16 characters under study. Complementary, duplicate, complementary duplicate, inhibitory complementary and inhibitory duplicate action of genes was observed. Independent dominant action of individual genes which is equivalent to the action of two or three genes is recorded in respect of panicle density and awning and awn colour. Inheritance of the 16 characters shows the involvement of 59 genes unreported in the past. Out of them 19 are inhibitors. Combined segregation data have revaled the existence of many pleiotropic genes acting on two or more characters and exhibiting differential expression in some of them, which is an interesting part of the present study. Linkage analysis has resulted in the assignment of the record number of 17 genes to a single group, nine of them being inhibitors. The linkage map constructed in the order of genes as suggested by the cross over values shows a good agreement. This linkage group is concluded not to form part of any group propounded by Misro et al. (1966) in indica rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038807
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage of genes for anthocyanin pigmentation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1981)
    Springer
    Euphytica 30 (1981), S. 747-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; inheritance ; pigmentation ; panicle density ; linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of anthocyanin pigmentation and the interrelationship between genes governing anthocyanin pigmentation in different parts of the rice plant and genes governing panicle density were studied in the cross Suma × Wanar-1. A ratio of 45 pigmented: 19 non pigmented was realised for anthocyanin accumulation in sheath, nodal ring, internode, leaf tip, leaf margin and apiculus whereas a ratio of 3 normal:1 laxy was observed for panicle density. Pleiotropic action of a basic gene (A) and each of the two complementary duplicate genes (P a or P b) was detected. A linkage group of genes localising pigment in six plant parts was identified, the sequence of genes being P nr-P lm-P la-P a-P sh-P in. This may form part of the III ‘S p’ group of Misro et al. (1966), in which case the genes P nr and P la are proposed to be additions to this group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038804
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of submergence on subsequent nitrification in a wetland cultivated rice soil (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Incubation ; Nitrification ; Rice-soil ; Redox potential ; Submergence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soil samples from the surface (0–0.5 cm) and subsurface (0.5–5.0 cm) in a wetland field cultivated with rice and submerged for different periods up to 6 weeks were incubated for 2 weeks in the laboratory under flooded or unflooded condition, with added NH4 +−N. The ammonium and nitrate-N of the incubated-soils indicate that in the surface soil (a) nitrification is retarded when submerged for 4 weeks or more (b) nitrification did not resume to former levels within 2 weeks after air drying for a period of 1 week. In the subsurface soil, submergence for 2 weeks caused a retardation of nitrification but longer submergence did not reduce nitrification any further. During submergence, redox potential at 2 mm remained at relatively high values but began to decline 30 days after submergence. At 5 cm, Eh indicated reduced conditions from the time of submergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184545
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Karanjin with other nitrification inhibitors for retardation of nitrification of urea N in soil (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 59 (1981), S. 495-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: A.M. ; Dicyandiamide ; Inhibition ; Karanjin ; Nitrapyrin ; Nitrification ; Sandy clay loam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Comparative evaluation of Kranjin and three patented nitrification inhibitors for retardation of nitrification of urea in a sandy clay loam showed that the effectiveness of the compounds tested decreased in the order: Nitrapyrin〉Karanjin〉A.M.〉dicyandiamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184555
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