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  • Articles  (491)
  • Animals  (491)
  • 1980-1984  (491)
  • 1981  (491)
  • Medicine  (491)
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  • Articles  (491)
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  • 1980-1984  (491)
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  • 1
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    Site-specific, sustained release of drugs to the brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: A dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt type of redox system is used in a general and flexible method for the site-specific or sustained delivery (or both) of drugs to the brain. A biologically active compound linked to a lipoidal dihydropyridine carrier easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Oxidation of the carrier part in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt prevents its elimination from the brain, while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated. Subsequent cleavage of the quaternary carrier-drug species results in sustained delivery of the drug in the brain and facile elimination of the carrier part.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bodor, N -- Farag, H H -- Brewster, M E 3rd -- GM 27167/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1370-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313698" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Berberine/administration & dosage ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Diseases/*drug therapy ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Nicotinic Acids/administration & dosage ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Phenethylamines/administration & dosage ; Pyridines/*administration & dosage ; Pyridinium Compounds/*administration & dosage ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Angiotensin II binding sites in rat brain (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Houten, M -- Posner, B I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1376.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiotensin II/metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin/*metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Epithelial cell volume regulation: bicarbonate dependence (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: When Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells are osmotically shrunken, they rapidly return to their original volume despite the continued presence of a hypertonic bathing solution. This volume-regulatory process requires bicarbonate ions in the bathing solutions and is associated with the uptake of chloride ions. Volume-regulatory increase by epithelial cells in probable due to the parallel operation of sodium-hydrogen and chloride-bicarbonate exchangers in the apical cell membrane.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, R S -- Persson, B E -- Spring, K R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1357-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313695" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bicarbonates/*pharmacology ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Chlorides/physiology ; Epithelium/physiology ; Gallbladder/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Necturus ; Sodium/physiology ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Phase locking, period-doubling bifurcations, and irregular dynamics in periodically stimulated cardiac cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: The spontaneous rhythmic activity of aggregates of embryonic chick heart cells was perturbed by the injection of single current pulses and periodic trains of current pulses. The regular and irregular dynamics produced by periodic stimulation were predicted theoretically from a mathematical analysis of the response to single pulses. Period-doubling bifurcations, in which the period of a regular oscillation doubles, were predicted theoretically and observed experimentally.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guevara, M R -- Glass, L -- Shrier, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1350-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Electric Stimulation ; Heart/*physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials ; Models, Biological ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Periodicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Sensory and motor functions of spinal cord substance P (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: Low doses of D-Pro2-D-Phe7-D-Trp9-substance P, as specific substance P antagonist, depressed the scratching and biting behaviors elicited by intrathecal injections of substance P, and cutaneous application of algesic substances. Higher antagonist doses caused hindlimb paralysis. This suggests that substance P is a neurotransmitter for primary nociceptor afferents and may also have an important function in motor control.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piercey, M F -- Schroeder, L A -- Folkers, K -- Xu, J C -- Horig, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1361-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6171882" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Capsaicin/pharmacology ; Mice ; Motor Activity/drug effects ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects ; Receptors, Neurokinin-1 ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/drug effects ; Skin/drug effects ; Spinal Cord/*physiology ; Substance P/analogs & derivatives/antagonists & ; inhibitors/pharmacology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Hydrogen isotope ratios of mouse tissues are influenced by a variety of factors other than diet (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉DeNiro, M J -- Epstein, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1374-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Deuterium/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Mice ; Water/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Intracranial self-stimulation in 3-day-old rat pups (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: Three-day-old rat pups with electrodes directed at the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the lateral hypothalamic area were trained to push a paddle to receive electrical brain stimulation. Pups receiving stimulation that was contingent on lifting the paddle responded more frequently than did control pups and also learned a two-choice spatial discrimination task that was rewarded with brain stimulation. The experiments indicate that a neural substrate in the area of the medial forebrain bundle is involved in the central mediation of reinforcement in the rat pup.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moran, T H -- Lew, M F -- Blass, E M -- AM 18560/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1366-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6975999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn/*physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Medial Forebrain Bundle/physiology ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Self Stimulation/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Taurine: possible role in osmotic regulation of mammalian heart (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: It is well established that taurine plays an important role in the maintenance of intracellular osmolal concentration in marine invertebrates, teleosts, and amphibians. In fresh water, concentrations of taurine in body tissues decrease; in salt water, they increase. In this study with mice we found that during adaptation of these mammals to chronic hypernatremia, the taurine content of the heart increased; concentrations of other amino acids were unchanged or were decreased. Welty and his associated have shown that acute hyponatremia lowered the taurine concentration of rat heart. In concert, these data suggest that taurine also may serve as an osmotic agent in mammalian heart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thurston, J H -- Hauhart, R E -- Naccarato, E F -- NB 06163/NB/NB NIH HHS/ -- NS 15660/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1373-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7313699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acids/*physiology ; Animals ; Heart/*physiology ; Mice ; Taurine/*physiology ; Water-Electrolyte Balance
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Regulation of muscle differentiation: stimulation of myoblast fusion in vitro by catecholamines (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: Epinephrine and isoproterenol provoke primary chick myoblasts to initiate precocious cell fusion. Both the rise in intracellular adenosine 3' ,5-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cell fusion generated by these effectors are prevented by propranolol, which is a specific blocker of the beta-adrenergic receptor. Propranolol has no effect either on the precocious cell fusion provoked by prostaglandin E or on cell fusion in control cultures. The results support the idea that a rise in cyclic AMP is the critical intracellular change responsible for initiating events that culminate in myoblast differentiation 4 to 5 hours later. They also indicate that the culminate in myoblast differentiation 4 to 5 hours later. They also indicate that the hormone responsible for the positive regulation of myoblast differentiation in vitro is not acting through the beta-adrenergic receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curtis, D H -- Zalin, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1355-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274017" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Catecholamines/*pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Fusion/*drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Muscles/*cytology ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Prostaglandins E/pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects ; Stimulation, Chemical
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone: regulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in ovarian granulosa cells (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-12-18
    Description: The antigonadal effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in ovarian granulosa cells are due to attenuation of the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) response to follicle-stimulating hormone. Agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone progressively inhibit adenylate cyclase and stimulate phosphodiesterase activities in cultured granulosa cells, indicating that blockade of gonadotropin action is attributable to the combined effects of decreased production and increased degradation of cyclic AMP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knecht, M -- Catt, K J -- 5 F32 HDO5801/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Dec 18;214(4527):1346-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6274016" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Granulosa Cells/*drug effects/metabolism ; *Hypophysectomy ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/*metabolism ; Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones/*pharmacology ; Rats
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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