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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (963)
  • Organic Chemistry  (714)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (634)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (578)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • 1980-1984  (3.207)
  • 1981  (3.207)
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  • 1980-1984  (3.207)
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  • 1
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    On the generation and maintenance of turbulence in the interstellar medium (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The broad spectrum of turbulent motions observed in the interstellar medium may be produced by the shearing action of differential galactic rotation. A steady state eddy distribution is maintained as energy cascades down the eddy hierarchy to smaller-scale motions. The characteristic decay time for interstellar turbulence is found to be 50-billion yr. Objections frequently raised against the presence of long-lived turbulent motions in the interstellar medium are therefore invalid, since these arguments usually presuppose that there is no source of fresh turbulent energy.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 246
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    First detection of line emission from the hot interstellar medium with solid state detectors (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Previously reported enhanced soft X-ray emission from the North-Galactic Polar region supports the theory of a hot interstellar component. This paper reports the first detection of line emission from the hot interstellar component in the North-Galactic-Polar region. Measurements were made with solid state Si(Li) detectors aboard a spin-stabilized rocket launched from the White Sands Missile Range on March 22, 1980. Two features are clearly present in the low energy portion of the spectrum derived from the data. They correspond to emission lines from C V (300 eV) and C VI (360 eV), and from O VII (560 eV) and O VIII (650 eV). The detection of emission lines coming from these highly stripped ions is direct evidence for the thermal origin of the emission and confirms the presence of a hot (1-million K) component in the interstellar medium.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Effects of gamma-ray, neutrino, and particle production on the energetics and dynamics of compact extragalactic radio sources (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Consideration is given to particle production and high-energy radiation within apparently superluminal radio components of extragalactic radio sources forming within the apparent region of nuclear activity of a quasar or active galaxy. The physical conditions in compact components observed as radio emitters are derived for the quasars 3C 273 and 3C 345 and extrapolated to those of initial components of sizes on the order of 10 to the 15th cm on the basis of two-dimensional relativistic jet and relativistic three-dimensional models of component expansion. Probabilities that a given particle avoids an inelastic collision in the relativistic plasma are calculated for both cases which show that collisions which produce particles and radiation may be very important during the formation of a compact radio component. The consequences of electron-positron production, bremsstrahlung and proton-proton inelastic collisions ultimately giving rise to neutrinos and gamma rays for the development and energetics of the radio component are then examined, and upper limits to the amount of energy which can be channeled into radio components from an active region without giving rise to a high-energy X-ray source are derived.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 245
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Transport velocity transformation - A convenient method for performance analysis of multilayer solar cell structure (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is noted that in the case of low-level injection, space-charge quasi-neutrality, and spatially constant material parameters (including an electrostatic field), the individual layer can be treated analytically and the basic solar cell performance parameters can be evaluated from three equations. The first equation represents the transformation of the transport velocity across the layer from the other layer boundary. The second establishes the light-generated current output from the layer interface, under the influence of the transport velocities and minority-carrier density at both layer boundaries and of bulk recombination. The third equation describes the flow of these carriers across other layers. The power of the approach is considered to lie in its facility for analysis of the solar cell's performance layer by layer, giving a clear picture of the individual layer's influence on cell efficiency.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-28; May 1981
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    An 81 minute modulation of the X-ray flux from 2A 0311-227 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is demonstrated that the X-ray flux from 2A 0311-227 is modulated at the 81 minute orbital period of its optical counterpart. An absorption dip with N sub H approximately equal to 5 x 10 to the 22nd H atoms per sq cm is observed at magnetic phase 0.42 that is interpreted as the accretion column of a magnetic white dwarf passing in front of the X-ray source. The spectrum is thermal with a temperature of 18 keV and a 300 eV equivalent-width iron line at 6.6 keV.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 244
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Solar flare theory (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Solar flare models are briefly reviewed with emphasis on the physical mechanisms invoked to explain the flare. The physics of each mechanism and their interrelations are discussed in detail. Mechanisms are classified by their drivers (the source of energy on which they feed). The application of these mechanisms to coronal heating is evaluated.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Sun as a Star; p 413-470
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Heating and acceleration of the solar wind (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The dynamics of the expanding corona are discussed emphasizing the physical processes which accelerate the plasma as it flows away from the Sun. The solar wind plays a dominant role in the energy balance of the part of the corona in which it originates. The wind acceleration processes, in large part, with the mechanisms that transport energy to the corona in the first place.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Sun as a Star; p 373-384
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  • 8
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    Oscillations and pulsations (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A theory to describe the observed photospheric 5 minute oscillations, chromospheric 3 minute oscillations, and possible motions of the interior with periods ranging from 40 to 160 minutes is discussed. It is similar to the theory of nonradial stellar oscillations developed to describe the low angluar order modes (one or two wavelengths around a circumference); however, the solar oscillations have thousands of wavelengths around a circumference. The properties of waves in stars, their restoring forces, periods and wavelengths, and their propagation and motions are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Sun as a Star; p 263-287
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Solar cell measurements (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The measurement of the electrical performance characteristics of individual solar cells is discussed. One of the reasons is determination of the output power, measurement of the effect of various degradation mechanisms, and separation of cells by current and voltage for eventual use in series and parallel combinations. Major problem areas in making accurate performance measurements are the determination of the irradiance level during measurement, the measurement and control of cell junction temperature, and the contacting of the separate current and potential leads to the cell under test. Solar cells respond to only part of the solar spectrum, irradiance measurement made with blackbody detectors lead to spectral mismatch errors. The use of reference cells with a spectral response similar to that of the test cell reduces this error. Reference cells are calibrated at standard atmospheric conditions with all cells calibrated at the same conditions.
    Schlagwort(e): ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Materialart: Midwest Research Inst. Com. Photovoltaics Meas. Workshop Proc.; p 227-233
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    A comparison of circumstellar gas and dust in M giants and supergiants (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: This paper presents the results of a study of circumstellar gas and dust in a larger sample of stars than that of Hagen (1978). The gas-to-dust ratio varies considerably from star to star. The observations were obtained at Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory and Kitt Peak National Observatory. CS gas was observed with 2.5 and 5.1 A/mm echelle spectra obtained with the 4-meter telescopes. CS dust was observed through infrared photometry done with the CTIO 60 and KPNO 50 telescopes.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTROPHYSICS
    Materialart: Smithsonian Astrophysics Observatory 2nd Cambridge Workshop on Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, Vol. 1; p 231-238
    Format: text
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