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  • Organic Chemistry  (714)
  • ASTRONOMY  (384)
  • 1980-1984  (1,098)
  • 1981  (1,098)
  • 11
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    Far-infrared spectrophotometer for astronomical observations (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A liquid-helium-cooled far infrared spectrophotometer was built and used to make low resolution observations of the continua of several kinds of astronomical objects using the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. This instrument fills a gap in both sensitivity to continuum sources and spectral resolution between the broadband photometers with lambda/Delta lambda approximately 1 and spectrometers with lambda/Delta lambda greater than 50. While designed primarily to study planetary nebulae, the instrument permits study of the shape of the continua of many weak sources which cannot easily be observed with high resolution systems.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Apr 21, 1981 - Apr 22, 1981; Washington, DC
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Results from the central Hyades survey (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Results of a soft X-ray survey of the central 5 deg of the Hyades star cluster made with the Einstein Observatory Imaging Proportional Counter are presented. Virtually all of the late F and early G stars in the cluster were detected at an X-ray luminosity of greater than 10 to the 28.5 erg/sec, although only about 50% of the stars in the cluster as a whole were detected. Plots of X-ray luminosity against B-V index indicate that the typical solar-type star in the Hyades is emitting soft X-rays at a level approximately 30 times that of the active sun. Histograms of the X-ray to bolometric luminosity ratio reveal a gradual distinction between late A-early F stars, which are expected to possess little or no convective envelope, and solar-type (F8-G5) stars, with convective outer atmospheres. Results confirm the dependence of stellar coronal activity on rotation, and establish the prevalence of stellar coronae throughout the main sequence and the giant regions of the H-R diagram.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: In: Solar phenomena in stars and stellar systems; Aug 25, 1980 - Sep 05, 1980; Bonas; France
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    Planetary ephemerides (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Goals and methods are outlined whereby the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is attempting to develop improved ephemerides which accurately reflect the motions of planets as an inertial system. It is demonstrated that in the ideal situation a radar observation is largely independent of the problems usually associated with the precessional motion of the earth's axis and is a reliable method for obtaining inertial mean motions. Based upon the hypothesis that the modern JPL ephemerides are valid in a fixed coordinate system, the implications are explored concerning optical observations of the sun, precession, equinox drift and the relationship between dynamical and universal time scales, as well as comparisons with Newcomb (1898) ephemerides.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Reference coordinate systems for earth dynamics; Sep 08, 1980 - Sep 12, 1980; Warsaw; Poland
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
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    Evolution of close binary systems: Observational aspects (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Detached close binary systems define the main sequence band satisfactorily, but very little is known about the masses of giants and supergiants. High dispersion international ultraviolet explorer satellite observations promise an improvement, since blue companions are now frequently found to late type supergiants. Mu Sagittaril and in particular Xi Aurigae are discussed in more detail. The barium star abundance anomaly appears to be due to mass transfer in interacting systems. The symbiotic stars are another type of binary systems containing late type giants; several possible models for the hotter star and for the type of interaction are discussed. The W Serpentis stars appear to be Algols in the rapid phase of mass transfer, but a possible link relating them to the symbiotics is also indicated. Evidence of hot circumstellar plasmas has now been found in several ordinary Algols; there may exist a smooth transition between very quiescent Algols and the W Serpentis stars. Beta Lyrae is discussed in the light of new spectrophotometric results.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-165039 , REPT-134 , IAU Colloq. No. 69, Binary and Multiple Stars as Tracers of Stellar Evolution; Sep 01, 1981; Bamberg; Germany
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 15
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    Kuiper Airborne Observatory /Space Science Platform 1/ (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It is pointed out that jet transport aircraft operating in the stratosphere (often at 45,000 ft) have proved highly cost-effective and convenient as telescope platforms. The Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) 91-cm telescope is described, with attention given to specifications, pointing and tracking, data handling, instrument development, and costs. It is noted that the observatory makes possible important astronomical research, graduate-level instruction, and the development and testing of rugged, remotely controlled instruments. Contributions made by the KAO to planetary astronomy, extragalactic astronomy, the interstellar medium, and to the study of star formation and evolution are enumerated.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Seminar on Shuttle pointing of electro-optical experiments; Feb 10, 1981 - Feb 13, 1981; Los Angeles, CA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
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    Astronomical imaging investigations for Shuttle and Spacelab missions (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: General objectives of space astronomical imagery are briefly examined, taking into account the improved angular resolution achievable in space observations, the utilization of an accessibility of the far ultraviolet spectral range for an easier detection and more accurate measurement of very hot stars, the determination of the structure and evolution of galaxies, and the determination of the cosmic distance scale. Attention is given to the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, the Spacelab Wide Angle Telescope, and the Starlab UV/optical telescope facility. It is pointed out that Starlab is envisioned as a multi-instrument, multi-purpose astronomical facility based on a near-diffraction-limited Ritchey-Chretien telescope of about 1 meter aperture and f/15 focal ratio. These resolutions are a factor of 10 better than typically achieved with ground-based telescopes.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Seminar on Shuttle pointing of electro-optical experiments; Feb 10, 1981 - Feb 13, 1981; Los Angeles, CA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 17
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    The Johns Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope for Shuttle astronomy (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) is a 90-cm f/2 prime focus telescope and spectrometer with a photon-counting microchannel plate detector designed to obtain moderate resolution (wavelength interval, approximately 4 A) spectrophotometry of faint (visual magnitude, less than approximately 17) objects in the far-ultraviolet spectral region (approximately 900-1700 A). The HUT will be mounted on the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System and will be operated by a Payload Specialist using a field acquisition TV system to assist in locating targets. The initial flight of the HUT, expected in 1984 or 1985, will be devoted primarily to the study of quasars and active galactic nuclei, emphasizing the 900-1200 A spectral region which is inaccessible with other existing or currently planned orbiting instruments.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Seminar on Shuttle pointing of electro-optical experiments; Feb 10, 1981 - Feb 13, 1981; Los Angeles, CA
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  • 18
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    Mapping the infrared background radiation from the Shuttle (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Spacelab-2 Small Helium-Cooled Infrared Telescope will be used to map extended astronomical sources of low surface brightness emission, to measure the Shuttle induced environment and to develop techniques for managing large volumes of superfluid helium in space. The instrument is an f/4 15.2-cm Herschelian telescope with ten photoconductor detectors in the focal plane. This paper describes the hardware and software aspects of the instrument with emphasis on mission operations. In particular, a description is given of the observing plan formulated to meet the scientific and engineering objectives, the scan drive system, the precautions in design and operation necessary to prevent the sun, moon, and earth from adversely affecting the observations, the implications of thruster firings, and the on-board experiment computer application software to control the scanning of the telescope and support on-board displays.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Seminar on Shuttle pointing of electro-optical experiments; Feb 10, 1981 - Feb 13, 1981; Los Angeles, CA
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 19
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    NASA 3-Meter Infrared Telescope Facility at Mauna Kea (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The demonstrated pointing, tracking and offsetting characteristics of the NASA 3-meter infrared telescope are reviewed. Other special features of the telescope such as low thermal background and versatile chopping secondary are also discussed. Experience is presented as to why these design features are important when making infrared observations of astronomical objects.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Seminar on Shuttle pointing of electro-optical experiments; Feb 10, 1981 - Feb 13, 1981; Los Angeles, CA
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  • 20
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    A 102 cm balloon-borne telescope for far-infrared astronomical observations (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In early 1971, a program was initiated to develop a balloon-borne 102-cm telescope, capable of carrying out far-infrared observations of astronomical interest above the earth's atmosphere in the wavelength range from 40 to 250 micrometers. Since 1972 the telescope has been flown and successfully recovered a total of sixteen times. Ten of the flights have produced high quality astronomical data, resulting in more than 80 hours of photometric and spectroscopic observations of numerous objects, such as H II regions, dark clouds, molecular clouds, X-ray sources, galaxies, the galactic center, planets, the Moon, and an asteroid. Attention is given to the telescope optics, the gondola, altitude control, the auxiliary attitude control system, the determination of telescope pointing position, telemetry, power requirements, the flight record, and the four instruments which are available for use on the balloon-borne telescope.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Seminar on Shuttle pointing of electro-optical experiments; Feb 10, 1981 - Feb 13, 1981; Los Angeles, CA
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