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  • General Chemistry  (837)
  • Organic Chemistry  (714)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (578)
  • ASTRONOMY  (384)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (347)
  • Humans
  • 1980-1984  (3,176)
  • 1981  (3,176)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (3,176)
Year
  • 1
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    Calculation of the attenuation and phase displacement per unit of length due to rain composed of ellipsoidal drops (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: All of the phenomena which influence the propagation of radiowaves at frequencies above 10 GHz (attenuation, depolarization, scintillation) can by intensified by parameters directly derived from a solution of individual scatter, naturally in addition to be meteorological elements which characterize the physical medium. The diffusion caused by rainy precipitation was studied using Mie's algorithm for rain composed of spherical drops, and Oguchi's algorithm for rain composed of drops in an ellipsoidal form with axes of rotational symmetry arrange along the vertical line of a generic reference point. Specific phase displacement and attenuation along the principal planes, propagation of radiowaves in generic polarization, and propagation with inclined axes are also considered.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-76592 , RIF-1B1778
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Gamma Ray Astrophysics: New insight into the universe (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Gamma ray observations of the solar system, the galaxy and extragalactic radiation are reported. Topics include: planets, comets, and asteroids; solar observations; interstellar medium and galactic structure; compact objects; cosmology; and diffuse radiation. The instrumentation used in gamma ray astronomy in covered along with techniques for the analysis of observational spectra.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-SP-453 , NAS 1.21:453 , LC-81-600116
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Evaluation of photogrammetric flight under icing conditions on March 23, 1978 (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: In a double passage through a route laid out in a stagnation zone of the Bavarian forest, it was found that the stagnation and attendant elevation increases the danger of icing. Conversely, it turned out that formation of precipitation reduces the icing intensity. A comparison of both factors showed: the reduction of ice formation through precipitation equals the increase due to stagnation, or even exceeds it.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-76617
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Measurement of characteristics of lightning at high altitudes (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: New development in aeronautical technology -- the use of composite materials, new electronic components, electric flight controls -- have made aircraft potentially more and more vulnerable to the effects of lightning. In-flight tests were conducted to evaluate the current in a bolt of lightning, to measure voltage surge in the onboard circuitry and in certain pieces of equipment, and to document the relationship lightning bolt current and the voltage surge so as to develop a theoretical model and thuds to become acquainted with the significant
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-76669
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Modern Observational Techniques for Comets (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Techniques are discussed in the following areas: astrometry, photometry, infrared observations, radio observations, spectroscopy, imaging of coma and tail, image processing of observation. The determination of the chemical composition and physical structure of comets is highlighted.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA-CR-165006 , JPL-PUB-81-68 , Modern Observational Techniques for Comets; Oct 22, 1980 - Oct 24, 1980; Greenbelt, MD; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Proceedings of the Meeting, Washington, DC, April 21, 22, 1981 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: A series of papers on infrared astronomy is presented. Among the topics discussed are those concerning programs, such as NASA's planning, the Cosmic Background Explorer and a cryogenic infrared radiance instrument for the Space Shuttle. Articles on infrared astronomy technology include those on an infrared camera for 10-micron astronomy, bulk and integrated acousto-optic spectrometers for molecular astronomy with heterodyne spectrometers, and airborne measurements of infrared atmospheric radiance and sky noise. Several papers on infrared astronomy spectroscopy are included, such as infrared heterodyne spectroscopy and infrared lines from shocked galactic gases. Among the articles on infrared astronomy catalogues and operations are discussions of groundbased infrared measurements using the AMOS/MOTIF facility and the prediction of infrared celestial source counts.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Infrared astronomy - Scientific/military thrusts and instrumentation; Apr 21, 1981 - Apr 22, 1981; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Precipitation measurements for earth-space communications: Accuracy requirements and ground-truth techniques (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Rainfall which is regarded as one of the more important observations for the measurements of this most variable parameter was made continuously, across large areas and over the sea. Ships could not provide the needed resolution nor could available radars provide the needed breadth of coverage. Microwave observations from the Nimbus-5 satellite offered some hope. Another possibility was suggested by the results of many comparisons between rainfall and the clouds seen in satellite pictures. Sequences of pictures from the first geostationary satellites were employed and a general correspondence between rain and the convective clouds visible in satellite pictures was found. It was demonstrated that the agreement was best for growing clouds. The development methods to infer GATE rainfall from geostationary satellite images are examined.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Precipitation Meas. from Space:; 9 p
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Estimation and correction of advection effects with single and multiple, conventional and Doppler radars (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The laws of fluid motion are invariant under a Gallilean transformation. For a perfect observing system, the data analysis should, therefore, also be invariant under a Gallilean transformation. This invariance is often not preserved in practical observing systems. In this connection, it is often advisable to perform mesoscale analysis in a frame moving with respect to the earth's surface. In the present investigation the velocity of such a frame is referred to as an advection velocity. The investigation is concerned with remaining problems regarding the Gallilean transformation. The establishment of a frame of reference for the achievement of maximum coherence is considered, taking into account the case of given nonsimultaneous observations of scalars or Cartesian vectors. It is found that advection speed can be estimated objectively if a scalar or Cartesian vector can be observed directly and if, in addition, the time and position of each observation is approximately known.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    The outlook for precipitation measurements from space (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N81-31746)
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Optical studies of X-ray sources with the MASCOT - A charge-coupled device /CCD/-based astronomical instrument (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The performance levels achieved by the MASCOT (MIT Astronomical Spectrometer/Camera for Optical Telescopes) on the 1.3-m telescope at the McGraw-Hill observatory in March 1981 are discussed along with preliminary data obtained in searches for optical counterparts to four 'empty-field' X-ray sources. In the W band (4000-7000 A), the MASCOT achieved a sky-limited sensitivity of +24.4 mag per sq arcsec in an 1800 s integration. The ability to flatten pictures to a level consistent with (sky + source) photon statistics and readout noise was demonstrated. For the four sources observed, an optical counterpart was established for one source (1413+13) based on positional coincidence (better than 1.8 arcsec), four possible candidates were detected in the error box of another source (1009?35) and upper sensitivity limits were established for optical counterparts in the error boxes for the other two sources (0920+39 and 0931-11).
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Solid state imagers for astronomy; June 10, 11, 1981; Cambridge, MA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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