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  • kinetics
  • Springer  (10)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1981  (10)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (10)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
Years
  • 1995-1999
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (10)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamic parameters of coupled chemical reactions from temperature jump relaxation amplitudes (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 10 (1981), S. 39-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Temperature jump ; kinetics ; thermodynamics ; TRIS ; iminodiacetic acid ; magnesium ion ; phenol red
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Equations describing the temperature jump amplitudes associated with a system of two coupled reactions (TRIS-phenol red) as well as the ternary system (Mg2+-iminodiacetic acid-phenol red) are presented. The termodynamic parameters calculated from experimentally measured temperature perturbation amplitudes using a multiparametric curve fitting procedure are found to be in good agreement with those determined from pH- and costant rate thermometric titrations. For phenol red, pK I =7.55, ΔH I =3.45 kcal, and for Mg2+ iminodiacetic acid, log K M =2.84, ΔH M =3.25 kcal, were obtained. It is shown that this method can be used to determine accurate thermodynamic enthalpy changes over a narrow temperature interval of less than 1.0°C from a single experiment requiring about 50 μl of sample solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00652779
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cimetidine-phenytoin interaction: Effect on serum phenytoin concentration and antipyrine test (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: phenytoin ; cimetidine ; antipyrine test ; drug interaction ; drug metabolism ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a prospective study in nine patients the effects of phenytoin and of cimetidine (1000mg/day) + phenytoin on the antipyrine test and serum phenytoin concentrations were studied. Serum phenytoin increased from the steady state level of 5.7±1.3 mg/l to 9.1±1.4mg/l after three weeks on cimetidine (p〈0.01), and fell to 5.8±1.2 mg/l within two weeks after withdrawal of cimetidine. The protein binding of phenytoin was not changed by cimetidine. After use of phenytoin for 2–4 months, antipyrine clearance increased from 0.67±0.06ml/min/kg to 1.61±0.22 ml/ min/kg, and antipyrine half-live fell from 10.9±1.3h to 4.5±0.6h as compared to the values before phenytoin treatment (p〈0.01). After three weeks combined use of cimetidine and phenytoin, antipyrine clearance was decreased to 1.01±0.07 ml/min/kg and antipyrine half-life was prolonged to 6.1±0.5h, (p〈0.01) compared to the values on phenytoin alone. The distribution volume of antipyrine was not affected by phenytoin nor by cimetidine + phenytoin. The half-life of cimetidine was 2.8±0.3h in the patients on longterm phenytoin treatment. There was a significant positive correlation (p〈0.001) between the increase in serum phenytoin concentration and the prolongation of antipyrine half-life caused by cimetidine. Thus, cimetidine increases serum phenytoin concentration, very probably by inhibiting its metabolism. Care should be taken in the concomitant use of cimetidine and phenytoin, and the dose of phenytoin should be modified according to the clinical symptoms and serum phenytoin concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627923
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential kinetics of cinromide and two of its metabolites in epileptic patients (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cinromide ; epilepsy ; kinetics ; metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cinromide is an experimental anticonvulsant currently in phase II testing. A single oral dose (900 mg) of cinromide was administered to 8 epileptic subjects on phenytoin therapy. Plasma samples drawn during the next 36 h were analyzed for cinromide and its amide and acid metabolites. The absorption rate of cinromide varied widely between subjects producing maximum cinromide concentrations between 0.5 and 2.5 h after the dose. The median elimination half lives of cinromide and the amide and acid metabolites were 0.73, 1.65, and 4.85 h respectively. The oral clearance of cinromide (median=135 l/h) suggests that it is subject to first pass metabolism. In all subjects the area under the curve (AUC) of acid metabolite (632 to 1777 µM/l) was greater than the AUC of amide metabolite (77 to 185 µM/l) which was greater than the AUC of cinromide (5 to 89 µM/l). Steady-state concentration ratios of metabolite to parent drug predicted from the AUC data were 3.8 for the amide and 35.8 for the acid metabolite. The amide metabolite is known to have anticonvulsant properties and, until the relative contributions of metabolites and parent drug to the efficacy of cinromide are resolved, the monitoring of metabolites as well as parent drug is imperative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637516
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic and spectroscopic analysis of NH3 decomposition under R.F. Plasma at moderate pressures (1981)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 1 (1981), S. 19-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Decomposition of NH3 ; kinetics ; optical spectroscopy ; gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The plasma decomposition of NH3 has been studied as a function of the residence time, power input, and pressure. The process follows apparently zero-order kinetics, which can be interpreted on the basis of a kinetic mechanism involving as initial step the rupture of an N-H bond from vibro-rotationally excited modecules. Simultaneous spectroscopic observations of the emission light due to electronically excited NH2, NH, H, and N2 have been used to confirm the suggested mechanism and to show that NH2 and NH are successive intermediate species and that the final step of the decomposition process is the bimolecular recombination NH+NH→N2+H2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566373
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism and kinetics of polymerization of propylene in a microwave plasma (1981)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 1 (1981), S. 233-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Plasma ; kinetics ; polymerization ; propylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Flowing microwave plasma of propylene and propylene with argon was studied by mass spectrometry. Plasma composition was investigated as a function of external parameters such as pressure, argon/propylene ratio, and microwave-induced power. It was found that the propylene broke down to C2H2 and CH4, or reacted further with propylene. Two main products, leading to the determination of three main chain reactions for the polymerization of propylene by ion-molecule interactions, were observed, namely, C2H2 and CH4. These were the propylene, acetylene, and ethylene chain reactions. It was also found that the propylene disappeared in a pseudo-first-order reaction. Consequently an overall rate constant for the polymerization was determined (50 sec−1 at 1 torr pressure for propylene plasma). This constant is found to be linearly dependent upon the propylene percent concentration, and nonlinearly dependent upon plasma pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568832
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of renal ornithine transcarbamylase activities within different chicken breeds (1981)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 19 (1981), S. 881-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: chicken kidney ; ornithine transcarbamylase ; Cochin Bantam ; White Leghorn ; genetics ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Comparisons were made of the renal ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activities within different groups of chickens including Japanese native breeds. OTC activities varied markedly within these groups. The Cochin Bantam breed and White Leghorn B line had an especially high activity, about 400 units/g of kidney, in contrast to two Japanese native breeds, Japanese Game (white variety) and Banshuu Gashiwa, and the California Gray breed, which showed a very low activity, the values being almost undetectable. In crossing experiments using the California Gray breed as a tester strain, Cochin Bantam OTC represents a simple autosomal incompletely dominant trait similar to the White Leghorn B line OTC. Kinetic studies using partially purified OTC preparations from the White Leghorn B line and Cochin Bantam breed revealed that both enzymes were identical for a variety of enzymic characteristics. In light of these results, the physiological significance of chick kidney OTC is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504253
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitriding of chromium in nitrogen gas at high temperatures (1981)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 15 (1981), S. 437-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: chromium nitriding ; kinetics ; parabolic rate constant ; diffusivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Parabolic rate constants of the reaction of chromium with nitrogen gas under oxygen-free conditions have been determined over a range of temperature (1000–1250°C) and nitrogen pressure (0.265–101.33 kPa). The growth rate of the subnitride was measured by a thermogravimetric technique using a single specimen. Wagner's oxidation theory is used to calculate the self-diffusivity and intrinsic diffusivity of nitrogen in the subnitride from a theoretical analysis of the parabolic rate constant. The calculated diffusivities varied with the composition of the subnitride, having minimum values at intermediate compositions of the nonstoichiometric chromium nitride “Cr2N.”
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603535
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The scaling of a Fe-20Cr alloy in H2-H2O-H2S mixtures (1981)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 16 (1981), S. 175-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Sulfidation ; Fe-Cr alloy ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The scaling of an Fe-20Cr alloy has been studied in H2-H2O-H2S mixtures between 973 and 1223 K. According to a simplified phase diagram, Cr2O3 and FeS should be the thermodynamically stable compounds in the gas mixtures chosen. The reaction followed a mixed rate law between linear and parabolic, indicating that the reaction rate at the scale-gas interface was comparable with the diffusion rate in the scale. At a constant H2/H2S ratio the scaling rate initially decreased slightly with increasing water-vapor pressure. A further increase of the water-vapor pressure resulted in localized sulfide formation, while the other parts of the surface were covered with a Cr2O3 film. Only Cr2O3 formed above a critical water-vapor content. Three zones could be distinguished when a sulfide scale is formed. The outer zone consisted of practically pure FeS; the intermediate zone was a solid solution of (Fe,Cr)S, partially decomposed to FeCr2S4 and metal during cooling; and the inner zone contained small Cr2O3 inclusions in an (Fe,Cr)S matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603751
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The initial oxidation of iron at 200° and 300° C and the effect of surface sulfur (1981)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 16 (1981), S. 107-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Oxidation ; iron ; kinetics ; sulfur ; surface analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The growth of thin (0–200 Å) oxide films on iron at 200 and 300 °C has been studied as a function of time and oxygen partial pressure using proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Oxidation was found to be initially retarded by sulfur which had segregated onto the iron surfaces during preoxidation annealing, but only if the iron surface contained the maximum or near-maximum sulfur coverage (ca. one-half monolayer). During and immediately following the oxygen-sulfur interaction, oxide buildup appeared to be limited by a surface reaction (adsorption, ionization, or dissociation). For most of the oxidation period, pressure-dependent logarithmic oxide growth was observed at 200°C, and pressure-independent parabolic oxide growth at 300°C. Interpretation of the data indicated that oxide growth at 200°C may be limited by quantum mechanical tunneling of electronic species through the previously formed oxide film, and oxide growth at 300°C may be limited by ionic diffusion through the previously formed oxide film. Comparison of AES and PIXE data indicated that the oxide films formed at 200°C were uniform in thickness over the surface of the metal, whereas films formed at 300°C had relatively thin areas where sulfur had remained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00603747
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of drug displacement interactions (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 9 (1981), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: drug displacement ; interaction ; kinetics ; simple model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A simple model simulating the kinetics of drug displacement kinetics is investigated. It is demonstrated that for highly bound, lowly cleared drugs, displacement interactions are transitory. Consequently, the kinetics of the interaction have to be considered as well as the in vitrointeraction. It is possible to have a significant in vitrodisplacement interaction with no in vivocounterpart. Methods of moderating drug displacement by adjusting the rate and the timing of administration of the displacing agent are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01068081
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