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  • Articles  (6,218)
  • Other Sources
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (6,218)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1935-1939
  • 2003  (6,218)
  • Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering  (3,426)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (3,158)
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  • Articles  (6,218)
  • Other Sources
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (6,218)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Sulphidogenesis in Anaerobic Treatment Phase of Tannery Wastewater Treatment in Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond System (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 219-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: advanced facultative pond ; methanogenesis ; submerged fermentation pit ; sulphidogenesis ; tannery wastewater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An outdoor experiment was conducted to study the competitionbetween Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and Methanogenic Archaea (MA) in anaerobictreatment phase of tannery wastewater treatment in pilot-scale Advanced FacultativePond (AFP). The relative electron flow towards sulphate reduction was higher (59–83%) than towardsmethanogenesis (17–41%), although the COD recovery within thereactor varied between 15 and 90%. The results also demonstrated that the flow of electrons towards SRBincreased with increase of the sulphate concentration and decrease of the COD : SO4 = ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024347721050
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal bioavailability in a soil affected by mineral sulphides contamination following the mine spillage at Aznalcóllar (Spain) (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioremediation ; heavy metals ; metal availability ; organic matter ; pyrite ; sulphide oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field experiment, lasting 14 months, was carried out in order to assess the effect of organic amendment and lime addition on the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils. The experiment took place in a soil affected by acid, highly toxic pyritic waste from the Aznalcóllar mine (Seville, Spain) in April 1998. The following treatments were applied (3 plots per treatment): cow manure, a mature compost, lime (to plots having pH 〈 4), and control without amendment. During the study two crops of Brassica juncea were grown, with two additions of each organic amendment. Throughout the study, the evolution of soil pH, total and available (DTPA-extractable) heavy metals content (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb and Cd), electrical conductivity (EC), soluble sulphates and plant growth and heavy metal uptake were followed. The study indicates that: (1) soil acidification, due to the oxidation of metallic sulphides in the soil, increased heavy metal bioavailability; (2) liming succeeded in controlling the soil acidification; and (3) the organic materials generally promoted fixation of heavy metals in non-available soil fractions, with Cu bioavailability being particularly affected by the organic treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024288505979
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic desulphurisation of thiophenes by mixed microbial communities from oilfields (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: anaerobic biodesulphurisation ; sulphate reduction ; thiophenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic enrichment cultures obtained from oil fields degraded various thiophenic compounds i.e. thiophene, benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene, with the concomitant formation of sulphide using hydrogen, lactate and ethanol as possible electron donors. It was demonstrated that dibenzothiophene was converted to biphenyl. However, hydrocarbon products from benzothiophene and thiophene desulphurisation could not be detected. After further enrichment on thiophenic compounds as the sole electron acceptor, the conversion activity disappeared while homo-acetogenic bacteria became abundantly present. In order to gain stable conversions of thiophenic compounds, attempts were made to isolate the sulphide-producing bacteria. Two highly enriched cultures were obtained, which degraded thiophenic compounds, but the activity remained low and homo-acetogenesis remained dominant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024264216363
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and identification of thiocyanate utilizing chemolithotrophs from gold mine soils (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: 16S rDNA ; biodegradation ; Biolog ; Klebsiella ; thiocyanate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A mixed bacterial culture capable of growing in potassium-thiocyanatecontaining medium (200 mg KSCN) has been isolated from bacterial suspensions of soilsamples collected near gold mines in Kumjung (Korea). The isolates were initially characterized by metabolic profile analysis and were identified as Bacillus thermoglucosidasius,Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mycoides, Brevibacteriumepidermidis, Brevibacterium otitidis, and Corynebacterium nitrilophilus.One of the seven isolates was initially characterized as Brevibacterium epidermidis,which is not known to degrade thiocyanate. However, using 16S rDNA sequencing, thisstrain was identified as a member of Klebsiella. The strain shows high similarityvalues (95.8 to 96.4%) with Klebsiella species, and the closest known relative was foundto be K. ornithinolytica ATCC 31898. The result indicates that species of the genusKlebsiella were the closest phylogenetic relatives of the investigated strain. This isthe first known report of a member of Klebsiella that is capable of utilizing thiocyanate assole source of carbon and nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024256932414
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance and Ethanol Oxidation Kinetics of a Sulfate-Reducing Fluidized-Bed Reactor Treating Acidic Metal-Containing Wastewater (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: acetate ; ethanol ; , fluidized-bed reactor ; oxidation kinetics ; sulfate reduction ; wastewater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The treatment of simulated acidic wastewater (pH 2.5–5)containing sulfate (1.0–2.2 g l-1), zinc (15–340 mg l -1) and iron (57 mg l -1) was studied in a sulfate-reducing fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) at 35 °C.The original lactate feed for enrichment and maintenance of the FBRculture was replaced stepwise with ethanol over 50 days. The robustnessof the process was studied by increasing stepwise the Zn, sulfate andethanol feed concentrations and decreasing the feed pH. The following precipitation rates were obtained: 360 mg l -1 d -1 for Zn and 86 mg l -1 d -1 for Fe, with over 99.8% Zn and Fe removal, with a hydraulic retention time of 16 h. Under these conditions, 77–95% of the electrons were accepted by sulfate reduction. The alkalinity produced from ethanol oxidation increased the wastewater pH from 2.5 to 7.5–8.5. Michaelis–Menten constants (Km) determined in batch FBR experiments, were 4.3–7.1 mg l -1 and 2.7–3.5 mg l -1 for ethanol and acetateoxidation, respectively. The maximum oxidation velocities (Vmax)were 0.19–0.22 mg gVS -1 min -1 and0.033–0.035 mg gVS -1 min -1, for ethanol and acetate, respectively. In summary, the FBR process produced a good quality effluent as indicated by its low organic content and Zn and Fe concentrations below0.1 mg l -1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024262607099
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of Sulfate Reducing Cell Suspension Bioreactors for the Treatment of SO2 Rich Flue Gases (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: CSTR reactor ; desulfurization ; flue gas ; hydrogen ; methanogenesis ; monolith ; sulfate reduction ; sulfite reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a novel bioscrubber concept for biological flue gas desulfurization, based on the recycling of a cell suspension of sulfite/sulfate reducing bacteria between a scrubber and a sulfite/sulfate reducing hydrogen fed bioreactor. Hydrogen metabolism in sulfite/sulfate reducing cell suspensions was investigated using batch activity tests and by operating a completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The maximum specific hydrogenotrophic sulfite/sulfate reduction rate increased with 10% and 300%, respectively, by crushing granular inoculum sludge and by cultivation of this sludge as cell suspension in a CSTR. Operation of a sulfite fed CSTR (hydraulic retention time 4 days; pH 7.0; sulfite loading rate 0.5–1.5 g SO 3 2- l-1 d-1) with hydrogen as electron donor showed that high (up to 1.6 g l-1) H2S concentrations can be obtained within 10 days of operation. H2S inhibition, however, limited the sulfite reducing capacity of the CSTR. Methane production by the cell suspension disappeared within 20 days reactor operation. The outcompetition of methanogens in excess of H2 can be attributed to CO2 limitation and/or to sulfite or sulfide toxicity. The use of cell suspensions opens perspectives for monolith or packed bed reactor configurations, which have a much lower pressure drop compared to air lift reactors, to supply H2 to sulfite/sulfate reducing bioreactors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024222020924
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface for biodegradation (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 171-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024290031331
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfite-oxido-reductase is involved in the oxidation of sulfite in Desulfocapsa sulfoexigens during disproportionation of thiosulfate and elemental sulfur (2003)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 14 (2003), S. 189-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: anaerobic ; disproportionation of elemental sulfur and thiosulfate ; enzyme studies ; pathway ; sulfite oxidoreductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The enzymatic pathways of elemental sulfur and thiosulfate disproportionation were investigated using cell-free extract of Desulfocapsa sulfoexigens. Sulfite was observed to be an intermediate in the metabolism of both compounds. Two distinct pathways for the oxidation of sulfite have been identified. One pathway involves APS reductase and ATP sulfurylase and can be described as the reversion of the initial steps of the dissimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. The second pathway is the direct oxidation of sulfite to sulfate by sulfite oxidoreductase. This enzyme has not been reported from sulfate reducers before. Thiosulfate reductase, which cleaves thiosulfate into sulfite and sulfide, was only present in cell-free extract from thiosulfate disproportionating cultures. We propose that this enzyme catalyzes the first step in thiosulfate disproportionation. The initial step in sulfur disproportionation was not identified. Dissimilatory sulfite reductase was present in sulfur and thiosulfate disproportionating cultures. The metabolic function of this enzyme in relation to elemental sulfur or thiosulfate disproportionation was not identified. The presence of the uncouplers HQNO and CCCP in growing cultures had negative effects on both thiosulfate and sulfur disproportionation. CCCP totally inhibited sulfur disproportionation and reduced thiosulfate disproportionation by 80% compared to an unamended control. HQNO reduced thiosulfate disproportionation by 80% and sulfur disproportionation by 90%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024255830925
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  • 9
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    Cellular phenology of annual ring formation of Abies balsamea in the Quebec boreal forest (Canada) (2003)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-01
    Description: Cell formation in growth rings of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill) in the boreal forest was studied to describe the timing of ring formation and the development patterns of earlywood and latewood. Wood micro-cores were extracted during the growing season from 1998 to 2000. The micro-cores were stained with cresyl fast violet to facilitate counting the number of cells in the radial enlargement, wall thickening phases, and mature cell phases. The periods required to complete these various phases were then estimated. Variations in the beginning of the growing season (May 7 June 7), the earlywoodlatewood transition (July 2 July 19), and the end of the growing season ( August 20 September 20) were observed. Short cell enlargement durations of less than a week for earlywood and 510 days for latewood were observed. Time required for cell wall thickening was about 20 days for earlywood and longer than 1015 days for latewood. A certain flexibility was observed in the ring formation patterns and in the cell development rate, providing an advantage in the boreal forest where optimal growth conditions change from year to year. These findings on the spatial and temporal patterns of ring development may be useful for understanding tree relationships with climate or other environmental parameters.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Changes in root morphology after precommercial thinning in balsam fir stands (2003)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-12-01
    Description: Precommercial thinning is often used to control stand density in naturally regenerated balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands. Early stand density control could have beneficial effects on longer term stand stability through a modification of stem shape and root development. To assess the effect of precommercial thinning, two thinned and two unthinned stands were selected. Root sections were collected at 25 cm from the centre of the stem for all major roots (diameter greater than 2 cm). A disk was also cut at breast height level. From these disks, response in radial growth was determined. Detailed root measurements were taken on the sample disks to assess treatment effect on the following variables: asymmetry in root cross-sectional area (CSA) distribution, individual root shape, as well as changes in root shape over time. A quick and pronounced response in root growth occurred. This response was greater than that observed in the trunk. No asymmetry in root CSA distribution was observed at the stand level. Trees allocated more to radial growth above the biological centre of the root both in treated and control stands, but this trend was increased by thinning. Roots also tended to develop T-beam shapes over time, both in control and thinned stands. Most roots initially did not possess an I-beam shape and did not develop one during the course of the study. According to our results, trees respond quickly to the new growing conditions created by thinning by increasing biomass allocation to parts of the roots where mechanical stresses are greater.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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