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  • bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general  (544)
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  • 2020-2024  (544)
  • 2010-2014
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  • 101
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint introduces advanced prediction models focused on power load forecasting. Models based on artificial intelligence and more traditional approaches are shown, demonstrating the real possibilities of use to improve prediction in this field. Models of LSTM neural networks, LSTM networks with a SESDA architecture, in even LSTM-CNN are used. On the other hand, multiple seasonal Holt-Winters models with discrete seasonality and the application of the Prophet method to demand forecasting are presented. These models are applied in different circumstances and show highly positive results. This reprint is intended for both researchers related to energy management and those related to forecasting, especially power load.
    Keywords: Prophet model ; Holt–Winters model ; long-term forecasting ; peak load ; prophet model ; multiple seasonality ; time series ; demand ; load ; forecast ; DIMS ; irregular ; galvanizing ; short-term electrical load forecasting ; machine learning ; deep learning ; statistical analysis ; parameters tuning ; CNN ; LSTM ; short-term load forecast ; Artificial Neural Network ; deep neural network ; recurrent neural network ; attention ; encoder decoder ; online training ; bidirectional long short-term memory ; multi-layer stacked ; neural network ; short-term load forecasting ; power system ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: In recent years, fractional calculus has led to tremendous progress in various areas of science and mathematics. New definitions of fractional derivatives and integrals have been uncovered, extending their classical definitions in various ways. Moreover, rigorous analysis of the functional properties of these new definitions has been an active area of research in mathematical analysis. Systems considering differential equations with fractional-order operators have been investigated thoroughly from analytical and numerical points of view, and potential applications have been proposed for use in sciences and in technology. The purpose of this Special Issue is to serve as a specialized forum for the dissemination of recent progress in the theory of fractional calculus and its potential applications.
    Keywords: Caputo fractional derivative ; fractional differential equations ; hybrid differential equations ; coupled hybrid Sturm–Liouville differential equation ; multi-point boundary coupled hybrid condition ; integral boundary coupled hybrid condition ; dhage type fixed point theorem ; linear fractional system ; distributed delay ; finite time stability ; impulsive differential equations ; fractional impulsive differential equations ; instantaneous impulses ; non-instantaneous impulses ; time-fractional diffusion-wave equations ; Euler wavelets ; integral equations ; numerical approximation ; coupled systems ; Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative ; Hadamard–Caputo fractional derivative ; nonlocal boundary conditions ; existence ; fixed point ; LR-p-convex interval-valued function ; Katugampola fractional integral operator ; Hermite-Hadamard type inequality ; Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér inequality ; space–fractional Fokker–Planck operator ; time–fractional wave with the time–fractional damped term ; Laplace transform ; Mittag–Leffler function ; Grünwald–Letnikov scheme ; potential and current in an electric transmission line ; random walk of a population ; fractional derivative ; gradient descent ; economic growth ; group of seven ; fractional order derivative model ; GPU ; a spiral-plate heat exchanger ; parallel model ; heat transfer ; nonlinear system ; stochastic epidemic model ; malaria infection ; stochastic generalized Euler ; nonstandard finite-difference method ; positivity ; boundedness ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Primary progressive aphasia is a clinical syndrome that includes a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive language impairment. Our knowledge about this disorder has evolved significantly in recent years. Notably, correlations between clinical findings and pathology have improved, and main clinical, neuroimaging, and genetic features have been described. Furthermore, primary progressive aphasia is a good model for the study of brain–behavior relationships, and has contributed to the knowledge of the neural basis of language functioning. However, there are many open questions remaining. For instance, classification into three variants (non-fluent, semantic, and logopenic) is under debate; further data about epidemiology and natural history of the diseases are needed; and, as in other neurodegenerative disorders, successful therapies are lacking. The Guest Editors expect that this book can be very useful for scholars.
    Keywords: primary progressive aphasia ; informativeness ; speech production ; assessment ; diagnosis ; cognitive approach ; dementia ; frontotemporal dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; neuropsychology ; span ; sentence repetition ; working memory ; phonological ; visuospatial ; natural history ; mortality ; survival ; memory clinic ; graphical markers ; graphical parameters ; writing pressure ; differential diagnosis ; longitudinal assessment ; cognitive changes ; behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia ; level of functioning ; electroencephalography ; resting-state ; biomarkers machine learning ; K-Nearest Neighbors ; graph theory ; treatment ; speech and language therapy ; intervention ; cognitive rehabilitation ; bilingualism ; semantic dementia ; semantic variant primary progressive aphasia ; word finding ; language therapy ; behavioural therapy ; electroencephalography (EEG) ; network analysis ; progressive apraxia of speech ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 104
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Aging is a complex, only partially understood process, and is a key risk factor in the development of noncommunicable ailments that greatly impact human quality of life. One of the causes of most age-related diseases is an imbalance in the oxidation-reduction reactions, with the accumulation of reactive species, which are major contributors to cellular senescence. The book contributes to the knowledge connected to the prevention or treatment of these pathological conditions. It focuses on the mechanisms by which oxidative stress and inflammatory factors could cause the genesis and progression of age-associated diseases, and on new strategies for delaying and altering aging.
    Keywords: vitamin K ; phylloquinone ; menaquinone ; menadione ; osteocalcin ; matrix Gla protein ; bone health ; COVID-19 ; osteoporosis ; vascular calcification ; natural bioactives ; anthocyanins ; photoprotection ; UV-filter ; oxidative stress ; antimicrobial ; skin aging ; ECM ; topical formulations ; cosmeceuticals ; Alzheimer’s disease ; extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2) ; mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) ; mitochondria-targeted antioxidant ; SkQ1 ; OXYS rats ; nicotinamide ; niacinamide ; vitamin B3 ; pigmentation ; cosmetic ; cosmeceutical ; metabolism ; antioxidant ; senescence ; inflammation ; Rosa gallica ; gallic acid ; c−Raf ; UHPLC−MS/MS ; Siegesbeckiae Herba ; Siegesbeckia pubescens Makino ; airborne particulate matter ; PM10 ; glutamate-cysteine ligase ; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ; glutathione ; chlorogenic acid ; caffeic acid ; aging ; 7β-hydroxycholesterol ; mitochondria ; C2C12 myoblasts ; peroxisome ; Pistacia lentiscus L. seed oil ; sarcopenia ; antioxidants ; amyloid-beta ; clinical trials ; Gingko biloba ; neurodegenerative diseases ; metabolic syndrome ; cardiovascular disease ; cancer ; nuts ; tree nuts ; nut consumption ; age-related diseases ; cardiometabolic markers ; lipid profile ; diabetes ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 105
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Extreme climatic events, such as intense and prolonged droughts and heat waves, are occurring with increasing frequency and with pronounced impacts on forests. Forest trees, as long-lived organisms, need to develop adaptation mechanisms to successfully respond to such climatic extremes. Whether physiological adaptations on the tree level result in ecophysiological responses that ensure plasticity of forest ecosystems to climate change is currently in the core forest research. Within this Special Issue, forest species’ responses to climatic variability were reported from diverse climatic zones and ecosystem types: from near-desert mountains in western USA to tropical forests in central America and Asia, and from Mediterranean ecosystems to temperate European forests. The clear effects of constraints related to climate change were evidenced on the tree level, such as in differentiated gene expression, metabolite abundance, sap flow rates, photosynthetic performance, seed germination, survival and growth, while on the ecosystem level, tree line shifts, temporal shifts in allocation of resources and species shifts were identified. Experimental schemes such as common gardens and provenance trails also provided long-term indications on the tolerance of forest species against drought and warming and serve to evaluate their performance under the predicted climate in near future. These findings enhance our knowledge on the potential resilience of forest species and ecosystems to climate change and provide an updated basis for continuing research on this topic.
    Keywords: Cedrela odorata ; seeds ; germination ; cardinal temperatures ; thermal time ; climate change ; dendrochronology ; ecology ; moving window analysis ; Pinaceae ; Pinus arizonica Engelm. ; Pinus ponderosa var. brachyptera (Engelm.) ; Ponderosae ; response function ; tree rings ; global climate change ; forest ecology ; trees adaptation ; phenotypic plasticity ; Phoebe bournei ; nitrogen ; carbon dioxide ; photosynthesis ; leaf anatomy ; National Park ; tree line shift ; acclimation ; adaptation ; common garden ; drought ; ecodistance ; mortality ; stomatal frequency ; stomatal size ; sap flux ; radial profile ; sapwood depth ; Aleppo pine ; diurnal variation ; seasonal variation ; climate ; basal area increment ; forest dieback ; Mediterranean forest ; stem growth ; water availability ; Quercus ; morphology evaluation ; survival rate ; extreme frost ; heat and drought ; open-top chamber ; RNA sequencing ; gene expression analysis ; Populus ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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  • 106
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Optical fiber communication industry has gained unprecedented opportunities and achieved rapid progress in recent years. However, with the increase of data transmission volume and the enhancement of transmission demand, the optical communication field still needs to be upgraded to better meet the challenges in the future development. Artificial intelligence technology in optical communication and optical network is still in its infancy, but the existing achievements show great application potential. In the future, with the further development of artificial intelligence technology, AI algorithms combining channel characteristics and physical properties will shine in optical communication. This reprint introduces some recent advances in optical fiber communication and optical network, and provides alternative directions for the development of the next generation optical fiber communication technology.
    Keywords: optical communication ; frame transmission ; synchronization word ; blind recognition ; Hough transform ; machine learning ; optical communications ; patent analysis ; network analysis ; technical analysis ; fiber nonlinearities ; deep learning (DL) ; artificial intelligence (AI) ; BPSK-VSB ; BPSK-SSB ; fiber transmission ; optical neural networks ; time lens ; fiber ; dispersion Fourier transform ; high-flux imaging ; classification ; cancer cell recognition ; photon time stretching (PTS) ; passive optical networks ; laser tuning time ; TWDM ; Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation ; optical access networks ; scheduling ; FSOC system ; omnidirectional communication ; miniaturization ; ASE noise ; ICC ; DWDM-FSO/PON optical fiber network ; hybrid OOK/M-ary DPPM-M-PAPM ; hybrid fiber FSO (HFFSO) link ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 107
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Delay, difference, functional, fractional, and partial differential equations have many applications in science and engineering. In this Special Issue, 29 experts co-authored 10 papers dealing with these subjects. A summary of the main points of these papers follows:Several oscillation conditions for a first-order linear differential equation with non-monotone delay are established in Oscillation Criteria for First Order Differential Equations with Non-Monotone Delays, whereas a sharp oscillation criterion using the notion of slowly varying functions is established in A Sharp Oscillation Criterion for a Linear Differential Equation with Variable Delay. The approximation of a linear autonomous differential equation with a small delay is considered in Approximation of a Linear Autonomous Differential Equation with Small Delay; the model of infection diseases by Marchuk is studied in Around the Model of Infection Disease: The Cauchy Matrix and Its Properties. Exact solutions to fractional-order Fokker–Planck equations are presented in New Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws to the Fractional-Order Fokker–Planck Equations, and a spectral collocation approach to solving a class of time-fractional stochastic heat equations driven by Brownian motion is constructed in A Collocation Approach for Solving Time-Fractional Stochastic Heat Equation Driven by an Additive Noise. A finite difference approximation method for a space fractional convection-diffusion model with variable coefficients is proposed in Finite Difference Approximation Method for a Space Fractional Convection–Diffusion Equation with Variable Coefficients; existence results for a nonlinear fractional difference equation with delay and impulses are established in On Nonlinear Fractional Difference Equation with Delay and Impulses. A complete Noether symmetry analysis of a generalized coupled Lane–Emden–Klein–Gordon–Fock system with central symmetry is provided in Oscillation Criteria for First Order Differential Equations with Non-Monotone Delays, and new soliton solutions of a fractional Jaulent soliton Miodek system via symmetry analysis are presented in New Soliton Solutions of Fractional Jaulent-Miodek System with Symmetry Analysis.
    Keywords: integro–differential systems ; Cauchy matrix ; exponential stability ; distributed control ; delay differential equation ; ordinary differential equation ; asymptotic equivalence ; approximation ; eigenvalue ; oscillation ; variable delay ; deviating argument ; non-monotone argument ; slowly varying function ; Crank–Nicolson scheme ; Shifted Grünwald–Letnikov approximation ; space fractional convection-diffusion model ; variable coefficients ; stability analysis ; Lane-Emden-Klein-Gordon-Fock system with central symmetry ; Noether symmetries ; conservation laws ; differential equations ; non-monotone delays ; fractional calculus ; stochastic heat equation ; additive noise ; chebyshev polynomials of sixth kind ; error estimate ; fractional difference equations ; delay ; impulses ; existence ; fractional Jaulent-Miodek (JM) system ; fractional logistic function method ; symmetry analysis ; lie point symmetry analysis ; approximate conservation laws ; approximate nonlinear self-adjointness ; perturbed fractional differential equations ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The present book contains ten articles illustrating the different possible uses of UAVs and satellite remotely sensed data integration in Geographical Information Systems to model and predict changes in both the natural and the human environment. It illustrates the powerful instruments given by modern geo-statistical methods, modeling, and visualization techniques. These methods are applied to Arctic, tropical and mid-latitude environments, agriculture, forest, wetlands, and aquatic environments, as well as further engineering-related problems. The present Special Issue gives a balanced view of the present state of the field of geoinformatics.
    Keywords: mosaicking ; urban image ; seamline determination ; deep learning ; D-LinkNet ; climate change ; evergreen plants ; extreme events ; flavonol and chlorophyll sensor (Dualex) ; greenness indices ; mosses ; near-remote sensing active and passive NDVI sensors ; Sentinel-2 ; subarctic vegetation damage ; crop growth ; reflectance saturation ; crop model ; assimilation ; crop growth stage ; method combinations ; sentinel-2A image ; UAV image ; remote sensing ; soil salinity ; Love/Shida numbers ; satellite laser ranging (SLR) ; Yarragadee station ; Mount Stromlo station ; LAGEOS ; STELLA ; STARLETTE satellites ; SLR stations coordinates ; ITRF2014 ; Lake Ladoga ; CMEMS GlobColour CHL-OC5 ; eutrophication ; water quality assessment ; pulp and paper mill ; ecological status ; phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a ; chemical wastewater pollution ; ArcGIS ; big data ; blueberries ; image analysis ; orthomosaics ; segmentation refinement ; UAVs ; HAPS ; UAV ; monitoring ; constrained multiple objective optimization ; temporal hierarchical task planning ; GNSS stations ; tectonic plate motion parameters ; ITRF ; vegetation monitoring ; drivers of deforestation ; Zambezi region ; land degradation ; vegetation cover change ; wildlife management ; TSS-RESTREND ; greening and browning ; MODIS ; Mann–Kendall ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 109
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The search for dietary patterns or food bioactive derivatives that may serve as a panacea for health issues has been a topic of interest for several millennia. It is not surprising that this trend in food research is continuing today particularly in relation to brain and cardiometabolic health, given the huge burden they pose on human health, with no geographical boundaries. Currently, there is an increasing demand for ‘pure’ and ‘clean’ foods as well as potent bioactive ingredients that can promote beneficial health outcomes. Several studies, including in vitro investigations, clinical trials, and observational studies related to food and nutritional patterns have already identified, proposed, and in some cases challenged the mechanisms of action of these foods and food ingredients. The book “Food bioactives and impact on brain and cardiometabolic health findings from in vitro to human studies” has gathered innovative, high-quality research manuscripts (letters to the editor, original research and review papers) on bioactive constituents of foods and dietary patterns which can directly impact upon brain and cardiometabolic health. These manuscripts reporting on different areas of this research field, from the description of new conceptual ideas, mechanisms of action, and structural modelling to clinical trials and observational studies.
    Keywords: black Africans ; blood pressure ; hypertension ; long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids ; longitudinal study ; nutritional transition ; PUFA ; licorice ; glycyrrhizin ; glycyrrhetinic acid ; glabridin ; 11-β-dehydrogenase isozyme 2 ; hyperaldosteronism ; hypokalemia ; L-Theanine ; amino acid ; green tea ; bioactive ; functional food ; heart rate variability ; cardiometabolic effect ; child ; cerebral palsy ; diet modification ; motor development delay ; nutrition disorder ; nutritional support ; trans-ε-viniferin ; resveratrol ; neuroprotection ; oxidative stress ; dopamine ; apotosis ; neuroinflammation ; Parkinson’s disease ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Most papers published in this Special Issue of Mathematics are written by the participants of the XXXVI International Seminar on Stability Problems for Stochastic Models, 21­25 June, 2021, Petrozavodsk, Russia. The scope of the seminar embraces the following topics: Limit theorems and stability problems; Asymptotic theory of stochastic processes; Stable distributions and processes; Asymptotic statistics; Discrete probability models; Characterization of probability distributions; Insurance and financial mathematics; Applied statistics; Queueing theory; and other fields. This Special Issue contains 12 papers by specialists who represent 6 countries: Belarus, France, Hungary, India, Italy, and Russia.
    Keywords: inhomogeneous continuous-time Markov chain ; weak ergodicity ; rate of convergence ; sharp bounds ; differential inequalities ; forward Kolmogorov system ; prefetching ; optimization ; Markov decision processes ; random trees ; Galton–Watson ; capacitance ; dirichlet boundary value problem ; monte carlo method ; unbiased estimator ; von-neumann-ulam scheme ; network evolution ; random graph ; multi-type branching process ; continuous-time branching process ; 2- and 3-interactions ; Malthusian parameter ; Poisson process ; life-length ; extinction ; queuing system ; elastic traffic ; inpatient claim ; non-stationary intensity ; convergence analysis ; bounds on the rate of convergence ; wireless network ; file transfer ; daily traffic profile ; blocking probability ; continuous-time ehrenfest model ; first-passage time densities ; proportional intensity functions ; asymptotic behaviors ; multi-server queueing model ; rating ; self-sufficient servers ; self-checkout ; assistants ; multi-dimensional Markov chains ; retrial queue ; negative customers ; resource heterogeneous queue ; asymptotic analysis ; discrete time functional filter ; optimal unbiased estimation ; steady state ; equilibrium arrivals ; one-server queueing system ; orbit ; retrials ; limit theorem ; sum of independent random variables ; random sum ; asymptotic expansion ; asymptotic deficiency ; kurtosis ; parameter estimation ; gamma-exponential distribution ; mixed distributions ; generalized gamma distribution ; generalized beta distribution ; method of moments ; cumulants ; asymptotic normality ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PB Mathematics::PBT Probability & statistics
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Quantum optics has received a lot of attention in recent decades due to the handiness and versatility of optical systems, which have been exploited both to study the foundations of quantum mechanics and for various applications. In this Special Issue, we collect some articles and a review focusing on some research activities that show the potential of quantum optics in the advancement of quantum technologies.
    Keywords: integrated photonics ; quantum optics ; quantum simulation ; mesoscopic quantum states of light ; nonclassical photon-number correlations ; lossy transmission channels ; quantum state engineering ; nonlinear interferometer ; spontaneous four-wave mixing ; quantum message authentication ; quantum three-pass protocol ; Gao’s forgery ; swap test ; conditional states ; silicon photomultipliers ; optical cross-talk ; nonclassicality ; quantum imaging ; plenoptic imaging ; quantum correlations ; SPAD arrays ; quantum fisher information ; compressive sensing ; quantum finite automata ; periodic languages ; confidence amplification ; photodetection ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 112
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges´ a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided. Nutrition, often along with physical activity, is by now acknowledged as a cornerstone in the prevention and even more so the treatment of many diseases. Indeed, food and nutritional intake nowadays are often thought to be the main source of wellbeing sometimes over- but also underestimating the impact of nutritional intake, dietary pattern and food-derived natural compounds in their impact on human health. In this Special Issue entitled `Clinical Nutrition: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges´ a broad overview and summary on recent findings in various fields of clinical nutrition with special focus on chronic and degenerative diseases like metabolic diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, sarcopenia but also malnutrition in elderly, infants and children is provided.
    Keywords: malnutrition ; cirrhosis ; nutritional screening ; nutritional assessment ; gut–liver axis ; macronutrients ; micronutrients ; dysbiosis ; diet ; enteral nutrition ; inflammatory bowel disease ; nutrition ; nutritional therapy ; prevention ; artificial nutrition ; nasogastric feeding ; nasogastric tube ; palliative care ; calcium oxalate stone formation ; dietary assessment ; fatty acids ; fluid ; oxalate ; protein ; sodium ; uric acid ; water ; insulin ; lifestyle ; non-alcoholic ; steatohepatitis ; fibrosis ; metabolic syndrome ; weight loss ; time-restricted feeding ; intermittent fasting ; low-carb diet ; liver disease ; Brugada syndrome ; long QT syndrome ; ingredients ; glucose ; ketone bodies ; ROS ; sudden cardiac death ; bariatric surgery ; cardiovascular disease ; endovascular bariatric surgery ; obesity ; oral nutritional supplements ; perioperative nutrition ; sarcopenia ; gastrointestinal surgery ; behaviour ; nutrition supplements ; type 2 diabetes ; ageing ; inflammaging ; anorexia of aging ; DoMAP ; GLIM criteria ; cholestasis ; chronic liver diseases ; nutritional needs ; pediatrics ; medical nutrition therapy ; critical care ; parenteral nutrition ; energy ; review ; Crohn’s disease ; gut microenvironment ; celiac disease ; gluten ; gluten-free diet ; prostate ; metabolism ; benign prostatic hyperplasia ; erectile dysfunction ; dietary recommendation ; overweight ; carbohydrate ; fat ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This reprint reports advances in the topic of Deep Eutectic Solvents regarding their use as green alternatives in different chemical applications. Studies on the extraction/preconcentration processes of pharmacologically relevant molecules, structural spectroscopic studies, and application in gas purification studies are reported. Two relevant reviews are also published in the context of carbon dioxide conversion and their use in the chemistry of transformations. This reprint therefore aims to summarize some of the pertinent issues in DES chemistry through relevant literature references.
    Keywords: absorption ; biogas ; deep eutectic solvents ; siloxanes ; materials ; API formulation ; gas sorbents ; ionothermal synthesis ; organic synthesis ; eutectic mixtures ; hydrogen bond acceptor ; hydrogen bond donor ; design of experiments ; Tauc plot ; band gap energy ; renewable energy ; electrochemical conversion ; carbon dioxide reduction ; functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) ; carbon dioxide transformation ; quercetin ; Deep Eutectic Solvents ; extraction ; preconcentration ; DESs water dilutions ; RP-HPLC-UV ; UHPLC-MS/MS ; recovery ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 114
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: This Special Issue of Viruses focuses on the topic of viruses and nuclear egress. Nuclear egress is a fascinating process by which herpesvirus nucleocapsids make their way from the nuclear interior to the cytoplasm. As nuclear egress and the viral proteins that orchestrate it differ from host processes and proteins in important ways, there is interest in targeting antiviral therapies to disrupt this process. Indeed, the recently approved drug maribavir acts in large part by inhibiting a step of nuclear egress. The Special Issue includes five reviews—three on nuclear egress of two alphaherpesviruses, herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus; one on a betaherpevirus, human cytomegalovirus; and one on a gammaherpesvirus, Epstein–Barr virus—and five research papers—two on alphaherpesviruses and three on human cytomegalovirus.
    Keywords: human cytomegalovirus ; core nuclear egress complex ; ORF-UL50 deletion ; pUL50 phosphosite mutants ; phenotypical changes ; differential functional relevance ; Epstein–Barr virus ; BGLF4 kinase ; nuclear egress ; BFRF1 ; nuclear envelope modulation ; herpesviruses ; primary envelopment ; de-envelopment ; herpesvirus ; pseudorabies virus ; PrV ; vesicle-associated membrane protein associated protein ; VAPA ; VAPB ; CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing ; enveloped virus budding ; ESCRT ; membrane scission ; HSV1 ; pUL34 ; pUL31 ; NEC ; targeting integral membrane proteins ; TA membrane proteins ; inner nuclear membrane (INM) ; nuclear import ; importins ; n/a ; CMV ; peptide therapy ; tegument ; phosphorylation ; nuclear envelopment complex ; membrane fusion ; hemi-fusion ; virus assembly ; virus–cell interactions ; capsid migration ; UL53 ; UL50 ; myosin Va ; major capsid protein ; mass spectrometry ; virus genetics ; complementing cells ; null mutants ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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  • 115
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Natural polymers are already used for a variety of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, biosensors, etc. However, they have also found other applications, for example, in the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, as firefighting materials, water purification, etc. Different polysaccharide and protein-based systems have been developed. They each have their properties that render them useful for certain applications such as the water solubility of alginate, the thermo-sensitivity of chitosan, the abundance of cellulose and starch, or the cell adhesion and proliferation of gelatin and collagen. This Special Issue will explore the design, synthesis, processing, characterization, and applications of new functional natural-based polymers.
    Keywords: light conversion film ; cellulose acetate ; europium ; sensitization ; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; surface plasmon resonance ; thin film ; quantum dot ; 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol ; chitosan ; graphene oxide ; 3D printing ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; hydrogel ; lyophilization ; dissolution ; release model ; customization ; NO-donor ; topical release ; polymeric matrices ; microbial infections ; wound healing ; blood circulation ; semisynthetic polymers ; natural rubber ; rice husk ash ; alginate ; mechanical properties ; dielectric properties ; nanohydrogel ; food applications ; biopolymers ; polysaccharide ; neural network ; chicken feet ; sensorial quality ; food quality ; gelatine ; hyaluronic acid ; polyethylene oxide ; electrospinning ; nanofibers ; wound dressings ; pectin ; pectinase ; wheat bran ; banana peel ; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ; prebiotics ; mucilage ; pectin polysaccharide ; Opuntia ficus-indica ; aloe vera ; acemannan ; Cactaceae ; Asphodelaceae ; porcine gastric mucin ; methacryloyl mucin ; double-cross-linked networks ; circular dichroism ; mechanical characterization ; date palm trunk mesh ; cellulose ; lignocellulosic waste ; alpha cellulose ; nanocellulose ; agro-byproduct ; Bacillus licheniformis ; bioconversion ; pomelo albedo ; sucrolytic ; lubricant ; tribology ; albumin deposition ; contact lens ; surface roughness ; bio-based polyurethanes ; prepolymers ; cellulose-derived polyol ; cellulose-citrate ; polyurethane composites ; poly(lactic acid) ; nanocomposites ; tannin ; lignin ; thermal degradation kinetics ; decomposition mechanism ; pyrolysis ; nanocomposite ; nanofertilizer ; slow release ; ammonia oxidase gene ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; microflora N cycle ; nutrient use efficiency ; soil N content ; aerogels ; cold plasma coating ; hydrophobization ; pore structure ; chitinous fishery wastes ; chitinase ; crab shells ; Paenibacillus ; N-acetyl-D-glucosamine ; phenol ; adhesive hydrogels ; nanomaterials ; surface modification ; latex ; lignocellulosic fibers ; conventional fillers ; CNC ; esterification reaction ; graft copolymerization ; hydrophobic modification ; flocculant ; crosslinking ; peptides ; glutaraldehyde ; specified risk materials ; laccase ; melanin ; decolorization ; natural mediators ; glycerol ; polymer electrolyte ; ionic conductivity ; biochemistry ; pH and rumen temperature ; protozoa ; zero valent iron ; nanoparticles ; ethylene glycol ; methylene blue ; polyhydroxyalkanoates ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate ; melt processing ; extrusion ; injection molding ; elongation at break ; crystallization ; DoE ; oil palm biomass waste ; anionic hydrogel ; swelling ; salt crosslinking agent ; CoNi nanocomposite ; cellulose paper ; antibacterial potential ; degradation ; annealing ; acetylation ; potato starch ; emulsion capacity ; FTIR ; Malva parviflora ; natural polymers ; physicochemical properties ; rheology ; birch wood ; pre-treatment ; process parameter ; lignocellulose ; 2-furaldehyde ; Komagataeibacter ; stretchable bacterial cellulose ; enhanced strain ; vitamin C ; collagen ; anisotropy ; electron irradiation ; tensile test ; activated carbon ; MnO2 ; Co NPs ; antibacterial activity ; hydrogels ; antimicrobial activities ; functionalized materials ; cellulose derivatives ; flexor tendon repair ; anti-inflammatory ; anti-adhesion ; antimicrobial ; polymer-based constructs ; biosorbent ; copper ; adsorption ; model studies ; aqueous medium ; biodegradable polymers ; chemical modification ; food packaging ; free radical polymerization ; superabsorbent ; water-retaining agent ; thermal properties ; Mimosa pudica mucilage ; extraction optimization ; Box-Behnken design ; response surface methodology ; pH-responsive on–off switching ; zero-order release ; antimicrobial activity ; bacterial cellulose ; cytotoxicity ; nisin ; stability ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: As the scaling of electronic semiconductor devices displays signs of saturation, the main focus of research in microelectronics is shifting towards finding new computing paradigms. Electron spin offers additional functionality to digital charge-based devices. Several fundamental problems, including spin injection to a semiconductor, spin propagation and relaxation, and spin manipulation by the gate voltage, have been successfully resolved to open a path towards spin-based reprogrammable electron switches. Devices employing electron spin are nonvolatile; they are able to preserve the stored information without external power. Emerging nonvolatile devices are electrically addressable, possess a simple structure, and offer endurance and speed superior to flash memory. Having nonvolatile memory very close to CMOS offers a prospect of data processing in the nonvolatile segment, where the same devices are used to store and process the information. This opens perspectives for conceptually new low-power computing paradigms within Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT). This Special Issue focuses on all topics related to spintronic devices such as spin-based switches, magnetoresistive memories, energy harvesting devices, and sensors that can be employed in in-memory computing concepts and in Artificial Intelligence.
    Keywords: magnetic contacts ; reliability ; practical tests ; reaction distance ; extreme conditions ; spin-orbit torque MRAM ; reinforcement learning ; two-pulse switching scheme ; magnetic field-free switching ; machine learning ; torque ; the calculation in memory ; automation ; magnetic recording ; magnetic read heads ; current perpendicular-to-the-plane giant magnetoresistance ; Heusler alloys ; bit-patterned media ; exchange-coupled-composite media ; microwave-assisted magnetic recording ; hysteresis loop ; combined spin-transfer torque (STT) and spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching ; field like torque ; damping like torque ; magnetic tunnel junction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book is focused on metal-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation reactions applied to the synthesis of heterocyclic rings of different sizes, including diastereoselective and enantioselective approaches, homogeneous and heterogeneous metal catalysis, and the application of these reactions to the total synthesis of natural products.
    Keywords: Cr-phthalocyanine ; porous organic polymer ; Friedel–Crafts reaction ; heterogeneous catalysis ; carbonylation ; β-lactones ; catalyst recyclability ; silylformylation ; silylcarbocyclization ; alkynes ; N-heterocycles ; O-heterocycles ; radical carbonylation ; acyl radical ; visible light photocatalysis ; heterocycles ; metal-mediated reactions ; Pauson-Khand reaction ; cyclopentenones ; natural products total syntheses ; Jaspine B ; flow chemistry ; palladium catalysis ; cyclisation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: Recently, many kinds of foods and food-derived nutrients have been reported to show health-beneficial effects. In particular, some foods and food-derived nutrients have shown anti-aging effects on several organs and tissues, such as brain, muscle, skin, intestine, and so on. In some kinds of foods, the molecular basis of their functionalities (e.g., anti-brain aging, anti-sarcopenia, and anti-skin aging) and inter-tissue networks activated by these foods mediated by exosomes, cytokines, and immune cells have been clarified in detail.
    Keywords: raw-milk cheese ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; longevity ; oxidative stress ; DAF-16 ; p38 MAPK ; anthocyanins ; structure ; glucose and lipid metabolism ; human health ; meta-analysis ; telomerase reverse transcriptase ; keratinocyte–hair follicle stem cell interaction ; exosomes ; telogen–anagen transition ; hair cycle regulation ; caffeine ; intestinal aging ; anti-aging ; vitellogenesis ; mitochondrial function ; oxidative stress response ; GABA ; exosome ; gut-brain interaction ; Caco-2 ; SH-SY5Y ; argan press-cake ; MITF ; JNK ; cAMP/PKA ; Wnt/β-catenin ; microarray analysis ; maslinic acid ; muscle atrophy ; muscle strength ; denervation ; olive peel ; SGLT1 ; transporter ; tangeretin ; cardamonin ; intestinal epithelial cell ; Phgdh ; liver ; l-serine deficiency ; insulin signaling ; glucose tolerance ; inflammaging ; aging related disorders ; low grade inflammation ; nutrients ; natural herbs ; pro-inflammatory cytokines ; regulatory T cells ; retinaldehyde dehydrogenase ; IgA ; quercetin ; luteolin ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: This addresses current advances and challenges in fisheries and aquaculture science. Exposure of larval fish to elevated temperatures during embryological development may induce craniofacial and morphological alterations, which are suggested possible impacts of global warming. Molecular markers shed new light on the ontogenetic migration of stream fishes. Fast growth rates, early age at maturity, moderate fecundity, and diverse diet explain the potential for introduced fishes to dominate fish communities in their native and introduced range. Taking videos of marine benthic habitats supports low-impact, real-time monitoring of species occurrence. Among heavily fished species, almost half had outdated demographic assessments that would benefit from the integration of data from fisheries sources and improved collaboration among fishery stakeholders and managers. The continued growth of aquaculture will depend upon developing feeds that improve the growth, oxidative status, and immune response of fed cultured organisms. New aquaculture feedstuffs might be derived from plants or microbes, and new additives would include ghrelins and dietary symbiotics. The effects of these constituents on survival, growth, gut histomorphology, immune response were assessed for cultured freshwater and marine species. The results provide suggestions for advances in aquafeeds for the species studied and for cultured fishes more generally. The scientific advances realized with the use of new tools provide the basis for addressing global challenges to fisheries, aquaculture and for ongoing scientific research.
    Keywords: Aurantiochytrium sp. ; docosahexaenoic acid ; histology ; Oreochromis niloticus ; physiology ; temperature ; underwater video ; ichthyofauna ; seagrass bed ; macroalgae soft substrate ; perireefal ; synbiotic ; acidifier ; organic salt ; humoral immune response ; antioxidant enzymes ; digestive enzymes ; disease resistance ; fishing importance ; FAO ; IUCN Red List ; RAM Legacy ; overfishing ; sustainability ; aquaculture feeds ; plant byproducts ; enzymatic pretreatment ; skeletal development ; ossification ; morphological alterations ; bullhead ; black bullhead ; ameiurus ; Ameiurus melas ; life history ; growth ; reproductive potential ; fecundity ; maturity ; sex ratio ; conservation planning ; dispersal ; genetic markers ; mating system ; parentage analysis ; visual tags ; aquaculture ; ghrelin ; gilthead sea bream ; growth hormone secretagogue ; feed intake ; metabolism ; welfare ; alternative ingredients ; gut digesta ; gut histomorphology ; gut mucosa ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: Each year, natural hazards such as earthquakes, cyclones, flooding, landslides, wildfires, avalanches, volcanic eruption, extreme temperatures, storm surges, drought, etc., result in widespread loss of life, livelihood, and critical infrastructure globally. With the unprecedented growth of the human population, largescale development activities, and changes to the natural environment, the frequency and intensity of extreme natural events and consequent impacts are expected to increase in the future.Technological interventions provide essential provisions for the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards. The data obtained through remote sensing systems with varied spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions particularly provide prospects for furthering knowledge on spatiotemporal patterns and forecasting of natural hazards. The collection of data using earth observation systems has been valuable for alleviating the adverse effects of natural hazards, especially with their near real-time capabilities for tracking extreme natural events. Remote sensing systems from different platforms also serve as an important decision-support tool for devising response strategies, coordinating rescue operations, and making damage and loss estimations.With these in mind, this book seeks original contributions to the advanced applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques in understanding various dimensions of natural hazards through new theory, data products, and robust approaches.
    Keywords: sequential estimation ; InSAR time series ; groundwater ; land subsidence and rebound ; earthquake ; rapid mapping ; damage assessment ; deep learning ; convolutional neural networks ; ordinal regression ; aerial image ; landslide ; machine learning models ; remote sensing ; ensemble models ; validation ; ice storm ; forest ecosystems ; disaster impact ; post-disaster recovery ; ice jam ; snowmelt ; flood mapping ; monitoring and prediction ; VIIRS ; ABI ; NUAE ; flash flood ; BRT ; CART ; naive Bayes tree ; geohydrological model ; landslide susceptibility ; Bangladesh ; digital elevation model ; random forest ; modified frequency ratio ; logistic regression ; automatic landslide detection ; OBIA ; PBA ; random forests ; supervised classification ; landslides ; uncertainty ; K-Nearest Neighbor ; Multi-Layer Perceptron ; Random Forest ; Support Vector Machine ; agriculture ; drought ; NDVI ; MODIS ; landslide deformation ; InSAR ; reservoir water level ; Sentinel-1 ; Three Gorges Reservoir area (China) ; peri-urbanization ; urban growth boundary demarcation ; climate change ; climate migrants ; natural hazards ; flooding ; land use and land cover ; night-time light data ; Dhaka ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also referred to as HRF or fortilin, is a multifunctional protein, expressed in all eukaryotic organisms from protozoa to humans. TCTP is involved in many basic biological processes, such as cell division, growth, and development. It is therefore not surprising that dysregulation of TCTP occurs in various disease processes, such as cardiovascular, allergic, and immune disorders. TCTP’s role in cancer-promoting pathways is well- documented, and the protein is considered a potential target for the design of new anti-cancer strategies. Therefore, an understanding of the core biological functions of TCTP, the mechanisms underlying its cellular regulation, and its involvement in disease processes is important. This book provides a current overview on the basic biological functions of TCTP and on its role in promoting a range of disease processes.
    Keywords: Loxosceles ; brown spider ; TCTP ; venom ; toxin ; HRF ; allergy ; mast cells ; basophils ; IgE ; FcεRI ; translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) ; apoptosis ; conditional knockout mice ; development ; Nestin-cre ; neurogenesis ; neuronal progenitor cells ; perinatal death ; proliferation ; Mmi1 ; translationally controlled tumor protein ; autophagy ; reactive oxygen species ; rapamycin ; nitrogen starvation ; cancer ; phospho-TCTP ; DHA ; T-DM1 ; HER2-positive breast cancer ; TCTP (HRF ; fortilin) ; growth and development ; biological stress reactions ; regulation of protein synthesis ; regulated protein degradation ; cardiovascular diseases ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: It is our pleasure to present this Special Issue of Pharmaceuticals, entitled “Applications of Liquid Chromatography in Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Natural Products”. Plants produce a wide range of phytochemicals, which are secondary metabolites that confirm their identity and are used for the production of natural pharmaceuticals, among other things. The use of modern chromatographic techniques allows accurate quantitative and qualitative identification of the above-mentioned phytochemicals and their natural products. Liquid chromatography is one of the most efficient and robust specific techniques, due to the merits of convenience and strong separation ability, as well as a wide range of material applications for identification. Liquid chromatography is widely used for the analysis of plants, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, natural product quality control, or quantitative determination of bioactive compounds. The most commonly used for the identification of different plant material and pharmaceuticals are the ultra- and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS, fluorescence, diode array, and equipped with mass spectrometry or tandem mass spectrometry detection methods. Therefore, for this Special Issue, we published works concerning the latest scientific news, insights, and advances in the field of innovation and applications of liquid chromatography in the analysis of phytochemicals and natural products.
    Keywords: in vitro biological activity ; bioactive compounds ; morphological parts ; medical plant ; Fragaria viridis ; creamy strawberry ; ellagitannins ; HPLC ; mass spectrometry ; fruit ripening ; antioxidant potential ; bisphenol A ; high-performance liquid chromatography ; ionic liquid ; dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction ; extraction kinetic studies ; tenofovir ; creatinine ; HPLC-UV ; hepatitis B virus ; human immunodeficiency virus ; anatoxin-a(s) ; neurotoxins ; cyanobacteria poisoning ; bio-accessibility ; isothiazolinones ; parabens ; cosmetics ; SPE ; UHPLC/DAD ; Gardenia jasminoides Ellis ; anti-diabetic activity ; LC-MS/MS ; GC-MS ; anti-oxidant ; Ficus glumosa ; polyphenols ; HPLC-ESI-MS/MS ; antiproliferative ; antioxidant ; Ayurveda ; Divya-Swasari-Vati ; herbal medicine ; UPLC/QToF MS ; validation ; Allium cepa L. ; Box–Behnken ; flavonoids ; quercetin glycosides ; liquid chromatography ; multiresponse optimization ; onion ; phenolic compounds ; UHPLC ; HPLC-MS/MS ; steroidal hormones ; anti-doping ; bovine blood ; equine blood ; natural products ; plant materials ; dietary supplements ; terpenes ; capillary liquid chromatography ; steroids ; skin permeability ; thin layer chromatography ; calculated physicochemical descriptors ; topical formulation ; anti-cellulite ; cosmetic ; monoterpenoids ; accelerated stability ; F0 concept ; steam sterilization ; sterilization safety ; glucose degradation products ; α-dicarbonyl compounds ; derivatization ; tandem mass spectrometry ; Geobacillus stearothermophilus ; paracetamol ; accuracy profile ; 3D printed ; formulation ; biorelevant media ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: New edition of the reprint Fungal pigments: Chapters titles: PART 1. Investigation on various chemical classes of fungal pigments: Genomic Analysis and Assessment of Melanin Synthesis in Amorphotheca resinae by Jeong-Joo Oh et al.; Fungal Melanins and Applications in Healthcare, Bioremediation and Industry by Ellie Rose Mattoon et al.; Recent Findings in Azaphilone Pigments by Lúcia P. S. Pimenta et al.; Characterization of a Biofilm Bioreactor Designed for the Single-Step Production of Aerial Conidia and Oosporein by Beauveria bassiana PQ2 by Héctor Raziel Lara-Juache et al.; PART 2. Molecular characterization: Molecular Characterization of Fungal Pigments by Miriam S. Valenzuela-Gloria et al.; PART 3. Biological properties: Seven New Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Xanthoquinodins from Jugulospora vestita by Lulu Shao et al.; PART 4. Toxicity assessment and safety evaluation of fungal pigments: Safety Evaluation of Fungal Pigments for Food Applications by Rajendran Poorniammal et al.; Preliminary Examination of the Toxicity of Spalting Fungal Pigments: A Comparison between Extraction Methods by Badria H. Almurshidi et al.; PART 5. Use of by-products or waste for industrial production of fungal pigments: Production of Bio-Based Pigments from Food Processing Industry By-Products Using Aspergillus carbonarius by Ezgi Bezirhan Arikan et al.; PART 6. Prospective aspects and brainstorming: Does Structural Color Exist in True Fungi? by Juliet Brodie et al.; Fungal Biomarkers Stability in Mars Regolith Analogues after Simulated Space and Mars-like Conditions by Alessia Cassaro et al.
    Keywords: antimicrobial activity ; cytotoxicity ; secondary metabolites ; Sordariales ; xanthoquinodins ; Aspergillus carbonarius ; bioconversion ; food processing industry by-product valorization ; filamentous fungi ; bio-based pigment ; Myxomycetes ; iridescence ; pigmentation ; evolution of color ; mycelia ; cell organization ; living photonics ; spalting ; fungal pigment ; xylindein ; dramada ; Chlorociboria aeruginosa ; Chlorociboria aeruginascens ; Scytalidium cuboideum ; natural pigment ; natural colorant ; Amorphotheca resinae ; fungal melanin ; bioinformatics ; melanin pigments ; fungi pigments ; types ; structure ; molecular elucidation ; industrial microbiology ; melanin ; fungi ; radioprotection ; biotechnology ; fungal pigments ; natural pigments ; azaphilones ; production ; biotechnological tools ; non-mycotoxigenic strains ; regulatory issues ; Beauveria bassiana ; biological control ; oosporein ; spore production ; mycotoxins ; safety evaluation ; pigment toxicity ; spectroscopy ; Mars exploration ; life-detection ; pigments ; nucleic acids ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: The transition from a growth-arrested seed to a germinating seed and then to a seedling is a crucial developmental step, dramatically affecting plant growth and viability. Before plants enter the vegetative phase of their ontogenesis, massive rearrangements of signaling pathways and switching of gene expression programs are required. It results in the suppression of the genes controlling seed maturation and the activation of those involved in regulating vegetative growth. These events are governed by the hormonal balance, primarily the abscisic acid and gibberellins, although other hormones are also involved. This book compiled the review and research papers published during the 2021–2022 biennium in the "Plant Development and Morphogenesis" section. The selection of papers covers a topic related to the most recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of metabolic switches during the seed-to-seedling transition and the relationship between seed longevity and seedling viability. It can help understand the complex regulatory mechanisms underlying the seedling establishment and facilitate the breeding of plants more tolerant to abiotic stresses.
    Keywords: desiccation tolerance ; DNA methylation ; epigenetics ; germination ; histone modification ; hormonal regulation ; miRNA ; post-germination ; seeds ; acceleration ; imbibition ; biological activity ; indexes ; germination measurements ; seed physiology ; soybean ; velocity ; V. vinifera ; grape seeds ; seed germination ; seedling formation ; seed longevity ; genetics ; quantitative trait loci ; candidate genes ; genebanks ; germinative process ; seedling establishment ; molecular tools ; gene expression ; RNA-seq ; Pisum sativum L. ; transcriptome ; seed ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Industrial energy efficiency has been recognized as a major contributor, in the broader set of industrial resources, to improved sustainability and circular economy. Nevertheless, the uptake of energy efficiency measures and practices is still quite low, due to the existence of several barriers. Research has broadly discussed them, together with their drivers. More recently, many researchers have highlighted the existence of several benefits, beyond mere energy savings, stemming from the adoption of such measures, for several stakeholders involved in the value chain of energy efficiency solutions. Nevertheless, a deep understanding of the relationships between the use of the energy resource and other resources in industry, together with the most important factors for the uptake of such measures—also in light of the implications on the industrial operations—is still lacking. However, such understanding could further stimulate the adoption of solutions for improved industrial energy efficiency and sustainability.
    Keywords: contaminated soil ; polluted soil ; thermal desorption ; thermal remediation ; energy analysis and exergy analysis ; energy saving ; heat integration ; operability ; retrofit ; oil refinery ; interviews ; heat transfer ; waste heat recovery ; dusty flue gas ; granular bed ; buried tubes ; iron and steel industry ; techno-economic pathways ; decarbonization ; CO2 emissions ; carbon abatement measures ; construction ; building ; supply chain ; roadmap ; heavy industry ; carbon abatement ; emissions reduction ; climate transition ; multi-agent cooperation ; reduced-dimension Q(λ) ; optimal carbon-energy combined-flow ; energy efficiency ; compressed air systems ; energy efficiency measures ; nonenergy benefits ; assessment factors ; industrial energy efficiency ; energy efficiency culture ; energy efficiency practices ; energy management ; cogeneration ; trigeneration ; sustainability ; tropical climate country ; biomass ; advanced exergoeconomic analysis ; spray dryer ; exergy destruction cost rate ; energy management practices ; assessment model ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Currently, studies on land use in territorial planning are of interest, the purpose of which was previously to analyze the aptitude of each type of land for a specific use, based on its ability to assume impacts and the potential that the land may have had. The analysis of erosive risks constitutes a parameter to take into account in said management.The scientific community, given the enormous social interest in monitoring and controlling the environment, is developing methodologies that allow such control that is more efficient. One of the environmental factors to consider is the soil, which constitutes the support for life and is one of the basic natural elements, which is evident in the European Soil Charter, of the Council of Europe, which says, in its first point: “The soil is one of the most precious goods of Humanity. It allows the life of plants, animals and man on the surface of the Earth”. This European charter also highlights the scarcity and fragility of the edaphic resource, indicating that it must be protected through a greater effort in scientific research and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure the rational use and conservation of soil.
    Keywords: agrarian ecosystem ; GIS ; geostatistics ; kriging ; soil mapping ; vegetation dynamics ; RUSLE ; sentinel-2 ; soil erosion ; wildfire ; land use ; landscape fragmentation ; remote sensing ; climate change ; erosion risk ; runoff ; A-DinSAR ; macrofungi ; field sampling ; fungal diversity ; Mediterranean forests ; Quercus ilex ; soil organic carbon ; soil erodibility ; terraced paddy field ; upland rice ; Thailand ; Chenopodium quinoa Willd (quinoa) ; Amaranthus caudatus L. (achita) ; Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen (cañihua) ; ethnobotany ; Andean grains ; food uses ; medicinal uses ; edaphic resilience and crops ; flood mapping ; Sentinel-2 ; spectral indices ; cluster analysis ; soil organic matter ; recovery ; post-fire management ; Quercus pubescens Willd. ; Juniperus communis L. ; natural radioactivity ; spatial distribution ; IDW ; prediction maps ; groundwater ; drinking water ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Genomics technologies revolutionised biomedicine research, but the genome alone is not sufficient to capture biological complexity. Postgenomic methods, typically based on mass spectrometry, comprise the analysis of metabolites, lipids, and proteins and are an essential complement to genomics and transcriptomics. Multidimensional omics is becoming established to provide accurate and comprehensive state descriptions. This book covers the latest methodological developments for, and applications of integrative multi-omics in biomedical research.
    Keywords: target identification ; target validation ; label-free method for drugs ; anti-angiogenesis ; mechanism of action ; receptor tyrosine kinases ; curcumin ; natural products ; lipid ; lipidomics ; cardiac metaplasia ; Barrett’s esophagus ; esophageal adenocarcinoma ; microbiota ; DNA sensing ; IFI16 ; cGAS ; innate immunity ; protein interactions ; virus–host interactions ; post-translational modifications ; mass spectrometry ; proteomics ; transcriptomics ; multi-omics ; multi-omics analysis ; study design ; bioinformatics ; machine learning ; analysis flow ; metabolomics ; planned myocardial infarction (PMI) ; myocardial infarction (MI) ; exercise ; heart ; cheminformatics ; batch variations ; eicosanoids ; fetal calf serum ; peroxisomes ; host-pathogen interactions ; secretome ; macrophages ; acute myeloid leukemia ; HL-60 cell line ; ATRA ; induced differentiation ; transcriptome ; proteome ; transcription factors ; key molecules ; regulatory pathway modelling ; SRM ; endometriosis ; inflammation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Diet plays a fundamental role in shaping the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota and, thus, it could determine the interrelationship between the gut microbiome and the host. The colon is the part of the human body that is most densely populated, containing bacteria, archaea, viruses, and some unicellular eukaryotes that have co-evolved with humans in a commensal way. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the maintenance of normal host physiology. The rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods for DNA sequencing in the last decade has facilitated in-depth study of gut microbiome composition and function. These methods have contributed to providing evidence regarding the relevance of the intestinal microbiota for host health as well as the basis for putative dietary interventions aimed at counteracting microbiota dysbiosis. Understanding the complex and dynamic interaction between dietary exposures and gut microbiota can help to elucidate their potential role in different pathologies and to guide future strategies for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Age-related changes in the gut microbiome are also associated with physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract as well as in dietary patterns, with a concomitant decline in the normal function of the immune system that may contribute to increased risk of infection and frailty. More studies are needed to better understand how the microbiota shifts with different environmental factors and how they are associated with dietary changes.
    Keywords: coffee ; (poly)phenol ; gut microbiota ; Bacteroides ; Western diet ; chronic disease ; prebiotic ; probiotic ; clinician ; autism spectrum disorder ; microbiome ; aetiology ; comorbidities ; diet ; prebiotics ; probiotics ; faecal microbial transplant ; inulin fiber ; acacia fiber ; immune system ; microbiota ; mineral absorption ; IgA ; metagenomics ; aged ; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ; orienteering ; polyphenols ; blueberries ; in vitro ; human study ; oxidative stress ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; Lactobacillus paracasei ; antihyperglycemia ; dietary intake ; cognitive decline ; elderly ; healthy ageing ; inflammation ; dietary patterns ; Mediterranean diet ; dietary indices ; Alzheimer’s disease ; microbiota–gut–brain axis ; neuroinflammation ; infertility ; repetitive abortion ; implantation failure ; Lactobacillus salivarius ; vaginal microbiome ; TGF-β ; VEGF ; synbiotics ; children ; allergic rhinitis ; asthma ; infants ; Staphylococcus ; Enterococcus ; Bifidobacterium ; weight gain ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Rabbit livestock is especially important in the Mediterranean area and in the semi-arid zones of Africa, Asia, and America, representing a valuable alternative source of good animal protein of high quality (low fat and low cholesterol). However, rabbit husbandry should adapt to be a competitive and sustainable sector. In addition, it must maintain a balance between rabbit welfare, customer demands, and breeder requirements. Then, improvement in breeding systems is needed and may involve avoiding hormones and antibiotics in rabbit management; enhancing the efficiency of reproductive procedures such as artificial insemination systems and freezing of semen and embryos; extending the productive lifespan of does; improving genetic selection systems; and adjusting nutritional systems to optimize the physiological status of animals and the immune response. This Special Issue concerns all these challenges in increasing rabbit productivity and sustainability.
    Keywords: Oryctolagus cuniculus ; SNPs ; SLAF-seq ; genome-wide association study ; growth trait ; myeloperoxidase ; lysozyme ; rabbits ; viral infection ; rabbit hemorrhagic disease ; goji berries ; rabbit ; insulin resistance ; leptin ; non-esterified fatty acids ; pregnancy ; lactation ; body condition score ; principal component analysis ; gene expression ; endometrium ; oviduct ; spermatozoa ; seminal plasma ; inflammation ; angiogenesis ; corpus luteum ; reproduction ; genomic selection ; imputation ; litter size ; genomic simulation ; artificial insemination ; antibiotics ; antibacterial activity ; semen quality ; reproductive performance ; sperm quality ; cryopreservation ; animal model ; assisted reproductive technology ; CTSS ; granulosa cells ; proliferation ; apoptosis ; hormone secretion ; body composition ; fertility ; kits born alive ; rabbit does ; feed intake ; free tri-iodothyronine ; thyroxine ; insulin ; glucose ; corticosterone ; NEFA ; fetus ; placenta ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
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  • 130
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The severity of interconnected socio-economic and environmental impacts on landscapes and people across Africa are exacerbated as a result of land degradation, conflict, poor governance, competition for land and inequality, and exacerbated by climate change. In pursuing pathways towards a more resilient future, collaborative and multi-stakeholder governance and management of landscapes have been promoted by government agencies, NGOs and conservation organisations as a possible solution. However, there is no single way to achieve effective collaboration, and different landscape projects have experimented with different entry points and engagement processes. Grounded in partnerships amongst researchers, practitioners and development partners with expertise in landscape governance and management in Africa, this book describes and collates key lessons from practice for supporting more resilient and equitable landscapes.
    Keywords: landscape ; governance ; assessment ; inclusive ; sustainable ; multi-stakeholder ; climate and development ; forest conservation ; REDD ; sustainable land management ; project monitoring and evaluation ; mangroves ; academic intermediaries ; Kenya ; landscape governance ; sustainable energy ; urban informal settlements ; perceptions ; Agoro-Agu ; Mount Elgon ; inclusive decision-making ; dialogue ; SenseMaker® ; communities ; Uganda ; boundary-crossing ; integrated landscape management ; multi-stakeholder collaboration ; relational agency ; relationality ; social-ecological systems ; actors ; collaboration ; land degradation ; learning ; social capital ; Social Network Analysis ; transformative spaces ; landscapes ; biosphere reserves ; stakeholder participation ; conservation ; sustainable development ; management ; communication ; capacity building ; local collaboration ; governance regime ; local attitudes ; local perceptions ; protected area ; indigenous knowledge (IK) ; local/traditional ecological knowledge (LEK/TEK) ; interdisciplinary/transdisciplinary research ; indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) ; Gonarezhou ; sustainability ; community engagement ; Zimbabwe ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The Special Issue "Fiber Optic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications” gathers recent original papers. The subjects of the papers cover a broad range of optical fiber chemical sensors and biosensors applied for regulation in bioreactors, to novel concepts of intrinsic optical fiber sensors.
    Keywords: fiber optic sensor ; gold nanoparticles ; localized surface plasmon resonance ; mercury ; ppb ; refractive index sensor ; gas sensor ; hollow-core photonic crystal fiber ; Mach–Zehnder interferometer ; whole-cell biosensor ; bioluminescent bioreporter ; optical fiber biosensor ; toluene ; Pseudomonas putida TVA8 ; Escherichia coli 652T7 ; fiber optics ; long period grating ; fiber optical sensors ; refractive index ; chemical sensing ; mercapto compound ; yeast cultivation ; feedback regulation ; glucose detection ; optical biosensor ; laser-induced plasma spectroscopy ; microchip laser ; hair analysis ; OFDR type DAS ; phase fading solution ; high SNR ; real-time events detection ; ammonia detection ; layer-by-layer ; U-bent optical fiber ; porphyrin ; poly(styrene sulfonate) ; diazo resin ; photocrosslinking ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a common cause of infections in both community and healthcare settings and have become an increasing threat to public health worldwide. The focus of this Special Issue includes aspects concerning plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance along with other carbapenem resistance mechanisms. Understanding the prevalence and routes of transmission of CRE is important in developing specific interventions for healthcare facilities, as well as the general impact of CRE circulation on the environment. Attention has also been focused on carbapenemase testing in order to provide advanced phenotypic and molecular assays for the identification of CRE, as a valid tool for active global surveillance, and from this perspective, the study of resistance mechanisms can provide significant support for the development of new and appropriate antimicrobial molecules. For all of these reasons, the phenomenon of carbapenem resistance deserves more attention, for the sake of public health.
    Keywords: carbapenem resistance ; carbapenemase ; whole genome sequencing ; long reads, plasmid ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; extensively drug-resistant ; molecular typing ; carbapenemases ; Enterobacteriales ; human ; animal ; food ; environment ; carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales ; KPC ; carbapenem ; multidrug resistance ; nosocomial ; Enterobacteriaceae ; ESBL ; resistance genes ; cattle ; blaOXA-48 ; ERIC-PCR ; plasmid profile analysis ; biofilm formation ; PCR-based replicon typing ; antibiotic-resistance ; sequence types ; multilocus sequence typing ; plasmids ; antimicrobial resistance ; carbapenem inactivation method ; carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales ; real-time multiplex PCR ; whole-genome sequencing ; carbapenem-resistance ; Qatar ; CRE ; OXA-48 ; carbapenems resistance ; Gram-negative bacteria ; infection ; colonization ; COVID-19 ; K. pneumoniae ; porins ; ceftazidime/avibactam ; ESKAPE ; healthcare-associated infections ; antimicrobial peptides ; Temporin L ; Klebsiella michiganensis ; Citrobacter farmeri ; KPC-2 ; plasmid ; transposon ; carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) ; outbreak ; infection control ; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) ; multilocus sequence typing (MLST) ; IMP-6 ; porin ; efflux pump ; nosocomial infections ; NDM-1 ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Eazyplex® SuperBug CRE assay ; extended-spectrum beta-lactamases ; gram-negative rods ; LAMP method ; NDM ; VIM ; molecular epidemiology ; PFGE ; Carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales ; IncX-3 ; one health ; water ; colistin susceptibility testing ; broth microdilution ; colistin broth disc elution ; Vitek 2 compact ; rapid polymyxin NP test ; Etest ; ChromID colistin R agar ; micronaut MIC-strip colistin ; population analysis profiling ; Enterobacterales ; neonates ; plasmid-typing ; sequence type ; wastewater ; virulence ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Fruit production has faced many challenges in recent years as society seeks to increase fruit consumption while increasing safety and reducing the harmful effects of intensive farming practices (e.g., pesticides and fertilizers). In the last 50 years, the population has more than doubled and is expected to grow to 9 billion people by 2050. Per capita consumption of fruit is also increasing during this time and the global fruit industry is facing a major challenge to produce enough fruit in quantity and quality. The need for sustainable production of nutritious food is critical for human and environmental health.This book provides some answers to people who are increasingly concerned about the sustainability of fruit production and the fruit industry as a whole.
    Keywords: Cornus mas ; yield ; weight ; biochemical characteristics ; business models ; innovation ; resource efficiency ; sustainability ; environmental assessment ; fruit production ; cleaner production ; life cycle assessment (LCA) ; carbon footprint ; stevia leaves ; aronia pomace ; encapsulation ; polyphenols ; Halyomorpha halys ; green insecticides ; anthocyanin ; ExtendayTM ; fruit colouration ; light reflection ; LumilysTM ; plastic recycling ; reflective films ; resource conservation ; sustainable horticulture ; sea buckthorn ; biodiversity ; biochemical composition ; underutilized fruit ; fruit and nut trees ; chilling ; heat accumulation ; modeling ; New Mexico ; computing image analysis ; deep learning ; yield mapping in an orchard ; fruit counting ; computer vision ; apricot ; Sekerpare ; nutraceuticals ; Prunus persica L. ; colour ; chemical contents ; antioxidant capacity ; sugar ; native germplasm ; temperate fruit ; wild fig ; conservation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: An interdisciplinary book that brings together, at an international level, a high-quality collection of reviews and original research articles dealing with the importance of natural or synthetic polymers in encapsulation processes and their applications. A deep understanding and relevant theoretical calculations for exploring the functions of the materials (involved in the formulations) have also been presented along with fundamental investigations. This book has explored the latest research on the function of polymers in encapsulation technology including fundamental theory and experiments together with reviews and articles. Moreover, the present book offers easy-to-achieve approaches that have been developed so far and could create a platform for industrial material production.
    Keywords: microemulsion ; doxorubicin ; in vitro ; cytotoxicity ; lignin (LGN) ; polyacrylate ; water-based latex ; Pickering emulsion ; microencapsulation ; controlled release ; encapsulation ; clozapine ; schizophrenia ; polymeric nanocarriers ; D2-5-HT1A receptor heterodimers ; scFv antibodies ; paraffin PCM—melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules ; outer shell ; modification by MWCNTs and PEDOT: PSS ; differential scanning calorimetry ; dip coating ; thermal conductivity and heat storage and release capacity ; dynamic thermal behaviour ; hydrogels ; redox-responsive polymers ; TEMPO ; encapsulation-release ; catalysis ; ion-sensitive systems ; drug delivery ; smart pharmaceutical systems ; biocompatible medical devices ; polyethyleneimine ; micelles ; palladium ; nanoparticles ; catalytic ; aerosol-assisted deposition ; open-air plasma ; entrapment in coating ; acrylic acid ; ethylcellulose ; lung cancer ; nanosponge ; oral bioavailability ; systolic blood pressure ; nanomicelles ; artemisinin ; cornea ; toxicity ; erectile dysfunction ; Kolliphor® P188 ; Kollidon® 30 ; Kollidon®-VA64 ; polymer ; sildenafil citrate ; natural polymers ; polymeric capsules ; porous polymeric spheres ; active pharmaceutical carriers ; stimuli-responsive release ; cell culture platforms ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNK Inorganic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This reprint presents advances in operation and maintenance in solar plants, wind farms and microgrids. This compendium of scientific articles will help clarify the current advances in this subject, so it is expected that it will please the reader.
    Keywords: wind turbine ; electric generator ; spectral analysis ; fault diagnosis ; photovoltaic power forecasting ; data-driven ; deep learning ; variational autoencoders ; RNN ; angle swinging ; grid frequency oscillations ; electromechanical system ; inertial masses ; microgrids ; coordination protection ; distributed generation ; photovoltaic resources ; DigSILENT ; photovoltaic module ; defect detection ; power plant ; efficiency ; thermal image ; photovoltaic aging ; dark I-V curves ; bidirectional power inverter ; online distributed measurement of dark I-V curves ; sustainability ; compressive strength ; Bolomey formula ; sustainable concrete ; glass powder ; solar cell ; solar panel ; parameter extraction ; analytical ; Lambert W-function ; spacecraft solar panels ; I-V curve ; modeling ; wind power ; non-conventional renewable energy ; forecasting ; energy bands ; combinatorial optimization ; deep learning (DL) ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; photovoltaic (PV) systems ; image-processing ; image segmentation ; semantic segmentation ; faults diagnostic ; artificial intelligence ; unbalanced datasets ; synthetic data ; artificial neural network based MPPT ; hybrid boost converter ; renewable energies ; solar power system ; microgrid ; control system ; storage system ; primary control ; photovoltaic (PV) plants ; coverage path planning (CPP) ; corrosion monitoring ; FPGA ; offshore wind turbines ; ultrasound ; thickness loss ; SCADA ; visualisation ; software ; wind-turbine ; windfarm ; cross-platform ; HMI ; GUI ; corrosion ; monitoring ; photovoltaic systems ; expected energy models ; fleet-scale ; lasso regression ; performance modeling ; machine learning ; fault location in photovoltaic arrays ; failure modes simulation ; fault detection criterion ; adaptive protection ; distributed power generation ; power distribution ; power system protection ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: This book focuses on the quantitative assessment of environmental and human health risks which are usually evaluated by the ecological risk assessment which is the process for evaluating how likely it is that the environment might be obstructed as a result of exposure to environmental stressors. This book can deliver novel data on the quantitative assessment framework and provide a theoretical basis for follow-up research on the mitigation measures and control strategies for stakeholders.
    Keywords: adsorption ; environmental health ; chromium ; ferric chloride ; traditional Chinese medicine residual ; Cyprinus carpio ; phenanthrene ecotoxicology ; cytochrome P4501A ; 7-ethoxylesorufin O-deethylase ; glutathione S-transferase ; CFD simulation ; ventilation ; pollutant dispersion ; open space ; urban tree planting ; personal intake fraction ; reclaimed water ; health effects ; microbial community dynamics ; diversity and richness ; driven factors ; pathogens ; networks ; composting facility ; airborne fungi ; pathogenic/allergenic genera ; aerosolization behaviour ; factor analysis ; S-nZVI ; sulfidation ; trichloroethylene ; pathway ; groundwater safety ; e-waste ; heavy metal pollution ; children ; soil and dust ingestion rates ; health risk assessment ; algicidal bacteria ; prodigiosin ; quorum sensing molecular ; transcriptome ; arsenite pollution ; health effect ; squamous cell carcinoma ; NRF2/NQO1 pathway ; cell proliferation ; malignant transformation ; trace elements ; heavy metals ; Tuscany (Italy) ; soil contamination ; urban environment ; green space ; obesity ; Latino population ; spatial epidemiology ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: The present book, a reprint of the successful Insects Special Issue "From Insect Pheromones to Mating Disruption: Theory and Practice", includes laboratory and field studies dealing with insect pheromones, as well as on mating disruption efficacy against insect species of economic importance, with special reference to the development and optimization of mating disruption approaches, their mechanisms of action, and possible non-target effects.
    Keywords: sex pheromone ; biological control ; flight tunnel ; Integrated Pest Management ; mealybug monitoring ; mating disruption ; cotton bollworm ; processing tomato ; geostatistics ; Grapholita funebrana ; Tortricidae ; sex pheromones ; integrated pest management ; pheromone ; Lyctus africanus ; powderpost beetle ; age ; mating ; navel orangeworm ; Amyelois transitella ; almond ; citrophilous mealybug ; IPM ; semiochemicals ; sustainable pest control ; chemical ecology ; grapevine ; olfactory cues ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; host-marking pheromone ; true fruit flies ; olfaction ; odours ; biosynthesis ; pheromone perception ; resistance ; review ; field trials ; moth phenology ; vineyards ; apple orchards ; blueberry orchards ; SPLAT wax matrix ; remaining pheromone in point sources ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences
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  • 138
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: This book focuses on some fundamental issues of polymers’ natural degradation. It is mostly devoted to the different aspects of biodegradation, but some data on the action of water, oxygen, ozone, and UV/Vis light is also included. The consideration of the biodegradation in vivo as the superposition of decay and synthesis provides the opportunity for a fresh look at well-known processes.
    Keywords: gelatin methacryloyl ; osteoinduction ; tannic acid ; crosslinking ; hydrogel ; biodegradable ; poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) ; chitosan ; electrospinning ; thermal oxidation ; biodegradation ; Sturm’s method ; biodegradation rates ; arterial hypertension ; vertebral cartilage ; rhomboid fossa ; anaerobic digestion ; biosorbent ; biostimulant ; magnetite ; nanoparticles ; kinetic model ; polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ; pyrolysis ; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) ; kinetics ; thermodynamics ; artificial neural networks (ANN) ; mechanochemical method ; recycled polyurethane foam ; orthogonal test ; tensile strength ; thermal conductivity ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; deep eutectic solvents ; polyethylene terephthalate ; Box-Behnken design ; microwave depolymerization ; biodegradable polyester ; ultrafine electrospun fibers ; tetraphenylporphyrin ; metalloporphyrin complexes ; Fe(III) ; Sn(IV) ; X-ray diffraction ; DSC ; spin probe EPR method ; SEM ; biopolymeric nanoparticles ; synthesis ; applications ; medicine ; agriculture ; mechanical recycling ; closed-loop ; polyolefins ; circular testing ; polymer degradation ; epoxy resin ; composite material ; hygrothermal ageing ; water diffusion ; Fick model deviation ; statistical analysis ; box plot ; PCA ; titanium silicon oxide ; hydrolytic degradation ; titania ; silica ; antimicrobial activity ; photocatalytic degradation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Extremely popular for statistical inference, Bayesian methods are also becoming popular in machine learning and artificial intelligence problems. Bayesian estimators are often implemented by Monte Carlo methods, such as the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm of the Gibbs sampler. These algorithms target the exact posterior distribution. However, many of the modern models in statistics are simply too complex to use such methodologies. In machine learning, the volume of the data used in practice makes Monte Carlo methods too slow to be useful. On the other hand, these applications often do not require an exact knowledge of the posterior. This has motivated the development of a new generation of algorithms that are fast enough to handle huge datasets but that often target an approximation of the posterior. This book gathers 18 research papers written by Approximate Bayesian Inference specialists and provides an overview of the recent advances in these algorithms. This includes optimization-based methods (such as variational approximations) and simulation-based methods (such as ABC or Monte Carlo algorithms). The theoretical aspects of Approximate Bayesian Inference are covered, specifically the PAC–Bayes bounds and regret analysis. Applications for challenging computational problems in astrophysics, finance, medical data analysis, and computer vision area also presented.
    Keywords: bifurcation ; dynamical systems ; Edward–Sokal coupling ; mean-field ; Kullback–Leibler divergence ; variational inference ; Bayesian statistics ; machine learning ; variational approximations ; PAC-Bayes ; expectation-propagation ; Markov chain Monte Carlo ; Langevin Monte Carlo ; sequential Monte Carlo ; Laplace approximations ; approximate Bayesian computation ; Gibbs posterior ; MCMC ; stochastic gradients ; neural networks ; Approximate Bayesian Computation ; differential evolution ; Markov kernels ; discrete state space ; ergodicity ; Markov chain ; probably approximately correct ; variational Bayes ; Bayesian inference ; Markov Chain Monte Carlo ; Sequential Monte Carlo ; Riemann Manifold Hamiltonian Monte Carlo ; integrated nested laplace approximation ; fixed-form variational Bayes ; stochastic volatility ; network modeling ; network variability ; Stiefel manifold ; MCMC-SAEM ; data imputation ; Bethe free energy ; factor graphs ; message passing ; variational free energy ; variational message passing ; approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) ; differential privacy (DP) ; sparse vector technique (SVT) ; Gaussian ; particle flow ; variable flow ; Langevin dynamics ; Hamilton Monte Carlo ; non-reversible dynamics ; control variates ; thinning ; meta-learning ; hyperparameters ; priors ; online learning ; online optimization ; gradient descent ; statistical learning theory ; PAC–Bayes theory ; deep learning ; generalisation bounds ; Bayesian sampling ; Monte Carlo integration ; PAC-Bayes theory ; no free lunch theorems ; sequential learning ; principal curves ; data streams ; regret bounds ; greedy algorithm ; sleeping experts ; entropy ; robustness ; statistical mechanics ; complex systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Today, more stringent regulations on SOx emissions and growing environmental concerns have led to considerable attention on sulfur recovery from hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is commonly found in raw natural gas and biogas, even if a great amount is obtained through sweetening of sour natural gas and hydrodesulphurization of light hydrocarbons. It is highly toxic, extremely corrosive and flammable, and for these reasons, its elimination is necessary prior to emission in atmosphere. There are different technologies for the removal of H2S, the drawbacks of which are the high costs and limited H2S conversion efficiency. The main focus of this Special Issue will be on catalytic oxidation processes, but the issue is devoted to the development of catalysts able to maximize H2S conversion to sulfur minimizing SO2 formation, pursuing the goal of “zero SO2 emission”.This Special Issue is particularly devoted to the preparation of novel powdered/structured supported catalysts and their physical–chemical characterization, the study of the aspects concerning stability and reusability, as well as the phenomena that could underlie the deactivation of the catalyst.This Special Issue comprises seven articles, one communication, and one review regarding the desulfurization of sour gases and fuel oil, as well as the synthesis of novel adsorbents and catalysts for H2S abatement. In the following, a brief description of the papers included in this issue is provided to serve as an outline to encourage further reading.
    Keywords: hydrogen sulfide ; biocoal ; livestock manure ; agricultural safety ; fertilizer ; waste management ; air pollution ; odor ; kinetics ; Gompertz model ; phosphine ; manganese slag ; metal ions ; reaction mechanism ; mesoporous N-doped carbon coating ; silicon carbide composites ; gas-tail desulfurization treatment ; BTX contaminants ; elemental sulfur ; chicken eggshell ; waste valorization ; adsorption ; biogas ; flue gas ; polyoxometalate ; dicationic ionic liquids ; extraction ; oxidative desulfurization ; dibenzothiophene ; adsorbent ; purification ; H2S removal ; response surface methodology (RSM) ; H2S selective partial oxidation ; sulfur ; sulfur dioxide ; vanadium-based catalysts ; hydrochar ; mixed metal oxides ; H2S conversion ; n/a ; gas purification ; direct catalytic oxidation ; fluidized catalyst bed ; hydrogen sulfide removal facilities ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The Identification of the Genetic Components of Autism Spectrum Disorders 2019 will serve as a resource for laboratory and clinical scientists as well as translational-based researchers, primary healthcare providers or physicians, psychologists/psychiatrists, neurologists, developmental pediatricians, clinical geneticists, and other healthcare providers, teachers, caregivers and students involved in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with the goal to translate information directly to the clinic, education and home setting. Other professionals, students and families might find this textbook of value based on better awareness, causes and understanding of genetic components leading to autism and open avenues for treatment. Genetics play a role with up to 90% of autism, with over 800 currently recognized genes contributing to causes, clinical presentation, treatment, and counseling of family members. This textbook includes 13 chapters divided into three sections (clinical, genetics, other) written by experts in the field dedicated to research and clinical care, description, treatment and generating relevant reviews for ASD and related disorders impacting gene expression, profiling, and pathways. Identification of potential risk factors will be discussed, including obesity, microbiota, malignancy, and the immune system, as well as their direct or indirect contribution to ASD treatment and causation.
    Keywords: autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ; cancer ; overlapping genes and gene profiling ; super-pathways ; phenotypes and diseases ; molecular functions and processes ; 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 microdeletion (Burnside-Butler) syndrome ; imprinting ; parent-of-origin effects ; phenotype-genotype correlation ; autism ; developmental delays ; motor delays ; microbiome ; gut ; ProSAP2 ; Phelan McDermid Syndrome ; gut–brain interaction ; leaky gut ; IL-6 ; SHANK ; collapsin response mediator protein 4 ; autism spectrum disorder ; neurodevelopmental disorder ; whole-exome sequencing ; animal model ; sex different phenotypes ; 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion (Burnside–Butler syndrome) ; NIPA1 ; NIPA2 ; CYFIP1 ; TUBGCP5 genes ; Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes ; magnesium transporters and supplementation ; potential treatment options ; intellectual disability ; AMPA receptors ; NMDA receptors ; guanine nucleotide exchange factor ; synaptic plasticity ; Autism spectrum disorder ; ASD ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Body mass index ; BMI ; autism candidate genes ; synaptotagmin-like protein 4 (SYTL4) ; transmembrane protein 187 (TMEM187) ; SYTL4-protein structure ; STRING-protein-protein interaction ; expression profile ; microRNA- interactions ; autism spectrum disorders ; biological networks ; genomics ; multi-omics ; network diffusion ; data integration ; genetics ; quantitative traits ; stratification by trait severity ; heterogeneity reduction ; case-control association analysis ; fragile X syndrome ; RNA toxicity ; DNA methylation ; mosaicism ; pediatrics ; MS-QMA ; AmplideX ; cytokine ; monocyte ; β-glucan ; T cell cytokine ; trained immunity ; maternal immune activation ; epigenetics ; mice ; postnatal VPA injection ; SAM ; gene expression ; nanostring ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Integrating biomass production of short rotation woody crops (SRWCs), with their use in environmental applications to produce income, sequester carbon, and clean the environment, provides an opportunity to enhance livelihoods and increase ecosystem services in rural and urban communities. This book consists of 20 papers from the special issue on the Growth and Development of SRWCs for Rural and Urban Applications highlighting four genera (Phalaris L., Populus L., Robinia L., Salix L.) from 13 countries. In addition to the development and management of a Salix cultivar database, rural and urban applications represented in the book included: a) forest buffers, b) forest health screening, c) phytoremediation, d) short rotation coppice, e) volume production, and f) wastewater reuse.
    Keywords: cutback ; mulch ; Salix ; short-rotation coppice ; weed control ; woody biomass ; intensive silviculture ; Populus maximowiczii × P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa ; fast-growing tree species ; severe soil disturbance ; foliar nutrition ; soil inorganic N ; deer browsing ; short rotation coppice ; yield loss ; bioenergy plantation ; Populus ; renewable energy ; Populus × euramericana ; Lonsdalea populi ; canker diseases ; poplar diseases ; bacterial canker of poplars ; die-back of poplars ; MLSA ; short rotation coppice (SRC) ; biomass ; white poplar ; black locust ; monocultures ; mixture ; leaf litter ; SRC (Short Rotation Coppice) ; short rotation woody crops ; sustainability ; Mediterranean conditions ; management ; review ; fuelwood ; seasoning ; log diameter ; splitting ; heating value ; moisture content ; agroforestry ; red maple ; white ash ; trembling aspen ; fast growing trees ; poplar hybrids ; poplar clones ; tree height ; DBH ; stem volume ; yield ; Kyrgyzstan ; Kazakhstan ; Tajikistan ; ecosystem services ; multi-environmental trials (MET) ; phenotypic plasticity ; phyto buffers ; phyto-recurrent selection ; phytotechnologies ; poplars ; effluent water treatment ; short rotation coppice willow ; irrigation ; growth response ; biomass crops ; mineral content ; tree growth ; tree biomass ; volume forest stand ; thickness classes ; clonal selection ; genotype × environment (G × E) interactions ; evapotranspirative willow system ; resource recovery ; sustainable wastewater treatment ; oil sands reclamation ; end-pit lake ; balsam poplar ; salt tolerance ; Populus sp. ; bioenergy ; SRC ; financial analysis ; break-even-point ; net present value ; proof-of-concept: use case ; spreadsheet ; CSV file ; SQL ; database ; data integrity ; GitHub ; Linux ; poplar ; salt stress ; gene expression analyses ; radical scavenger capacity ; osmolytes ; cottonwood leaf beetle (Chrysomela scripta) ; stand density ; fertilizer application ; soil quality ; Melampsora rust ; energy crops ; land use ; reed canary grass (RCG) ; Phalaris arundinacea L. ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries
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  • 143
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: We present three main research fields in which multimedia cartography and the study of the effectiveness of multimedia maps are currently taking place. In each of these fields, we describe how published research is embedded in the broader context of map design and user studies. The research refers to contemporary technological trends such as web HTML5 standards, virtual reality, eye tracking, or 3D printing. Efficiency, performance, and usability studies of multimedia maps were also included. The research published in this issue is interdisciplinary. They combine traditional mapping methods with new technologies. They are searching for new places for cartography in, e.g., the environment of computer games. They combine the design of the map with its perception by users.
    Keywords: cartographic design ; animated map ; people gathering presentation ; orthophoto ; dot distribution map ; buffer map ; drone image ; expert opinion ; objective effectiveness ; multiperspective cartographic visualization ; usefulness of visualizations ; pedestrian tracks ; complementary visualizations ; time–spatial behavior ; space–time paths ; trajectories ; set of visualizations ; sightseeing spot recommendation system ; social networking service (SNS) ; web-geographic information systems (GIS) ; recommendation system ; visiting frequency ; sightseeing spot information ; multimedia cartography ; web map ; graphical user interface ; eye-tracking ; UI/UX ; freeway junction ; topographic maps from the 19th century ; interactive web map ; Leaflet ; GeoJSON ; dashboard ; spatiotemporal analysis ; usability ; evaluation of cartographic multimedia ; gamer opinion ; immersion way ; graphical enrichment ; medieval stronghold ; virtual reality ; design process ; historico-geographical space ; cultural heritage ; engineering education ; image stitching ; information technology ; multimedia ; panorama ; thematic map ; mapping techniques transformation ; land use ; UAV ; geometric representation ; pedestrian ; chorochromatic maps ; dot map ; heat map ; mini-map ; virtual stronghold ; walking ; teleportation ; medium effectiveness ; Unity ; topographical space ; gamer ; gameplay ; eye tracking ; 3D printing ; topography ; terrain ; elevation ; geoscience education ; web ; Python ; Earth Engine ; open source ; effectiveness ; responsive GUI ; GUI effectiveness index ; road map ; route memorizing ; cartography ; choropleth map animation ; local outliers ; generalization ; animation ; spatial visualization ; multimedia cartographic product ; medium efficiency ; medium attractiveness ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography
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  • 144
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This book brings together the results of field, experimental, and modeling studies related to road dust and its various size fractions as a key issue in understanding the relationships between several urban and industrial environments, and in the identification of pollution sources. The book is intended for professionals, researchers, and academicians who want to learn about new research findings regarding the chemical composition of road dust and its source, assessments of road dust and aerosol pollution levels (including express technique), environmental hazards and public health risks, the distribution of stable and radioactive isotopes in road dust, the determination of factors affecting the level of dust accumulation on roads and the intensity of its pollution, and the effect of road dust on the atmosphere and other environments. The book also provides data on some of the current challenges in studying road dust, including various aspects of the formation, transport pathways, and accumulation of road dust in urban, industrial and other areas.
    Keywords: urban sediment ; urban landscape ; sediment transport ; municipal service ; earthworks ; environmental management ; potentially toxic metal ; road dust ; industrial area ; pollution assessment ; ecological risk ; heavy metals ; Mexico City ; urban pollution ; urban form ; color indices ; redness ; hue ; saturation ; lead ; pollution ; gross alpha activity ; gross beta activity urban environment ; sediment ; size fraction ; urban environment ; residential area ; urban surface deposited sediments ; technogenic particles ; slag ; spherules ; microplastic ; plaster ; urban dust ; metal concentration ; multi-stable isotopes (13C, 207/206Pb) ; contamination assessment ; source identification ; particulate matter ; source apportionment analysis ; health risk assessment ; Huludao ; PM10 ; dust resuspension ; sediment load ; non-exhaust emissions ; chemical profile ; enrichment factors ; Colombia ; geo-accumulation index ; inhalation ; resuspension ; cancer ; fugitive dust ; unpaved roads ; emission factors ; paved roads ; emission rates ; metals ; street dust ; enrichment factor ; Vietnam ; ultrafine particles ; UFP ; aerosolization ; incidental nanoparticles ; air pollution ; dry sieving ; human health risk ; exposure ; optical analysis ; Western Siberia ; potentially toxic elements ; traffic-related contamination ; road dust and road pavement ; particle size distribution ; source apportionment ; environmental interactions ; toxic elements and compounds ; nanoparticles and microplastic ; spatial variation and modeling ; health and ecological risks ; mitigation strategies ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 145
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Mental health disorders represent a major public health issue due to their impact on years lived with disability, and cross-talk with other non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Importantly, most of these conditions can be prevented by implementing healthy dietary habits. Consequently, a recently developed field of psychiatry, “nutritional psychiatry”, is focused on investigating the relationships among dietary factors, eating habits, and mental disorders in order to form methods for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.This Special Collection from Nutrients will focus on both observational and molecular studies that investigate the effects of nutrients, foods, and whole dietary patterns on mental health. We invited authors to submit reviews and studies providing evidence of the effects of nutritional factors on cognitive function, depression, sleep patterns, stress, and quality of life.
    Keywords: polyphenol ; sleep ; mental health ; cohort ; antioxidant ; cognitive ; brain ; Sicily ; population ; diet quality ; nutrition ; depression ; mood disorders ; prevention ; food insecurity ; sleep disturbance ; adults ; cross-sectional study ; dietary pattern ; gestation ; diet ; sleep quality ; Pittsburgh sleep quality index ; GABA ; ketogenic diet ; low-carbohydrate ; anxiety ; ketosis ; gut microbiota ; nutritional psychiatry ; bioflavonoids ; functional food ; neurodegeneration ; T-maze ; Barnes test ; passive avoidance ; animal models ; alpha-synuclein ; neuroinflammation ; Passiflora incarnata ; neuropsychiatric disorders ; stress ; depressive disorder ; mental disorders ; nutrition surveys ; trends ; time restricted feeding ; intermittent fasting ; chrononutrition ; brain diseases ; aging ; risk factor ; Mediterranean diet ; coffee consumption ; caffeine ; cerebrovascular disease ; executive dysfunction ; geriatric depression ; dose-response association ; dietary factors ; lifestyle ; mood ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 146
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: This reprint gathers works on various coating materials and technologies aimed at the improvement of materials’ properties, such as corrosion resistance or biocompatibility. Systematic studies demonstrate how the structure and morphology of coatings can change the mechanical, chemical and various functional properties of materials. The reprint contributes to the better understanding of various phenomena induced by metal, ceramic or composite coatings in core materials and, thus, it can help in the more rational design of the selected material’s properties in future studies by the application of coatings.
    Keywords: cold spray ; scanning electron microscope ; electrochemical workstation ; neutral salt spray test ; photocatalysis ; friction and wear ; composite coatings ; plasma electrolytic oxidation ; Al2O3 ; energy transfer ; photoluminescence ; Ce3+/Eu2+ ; sliding wear ; cold work die steel ; HVOF ; WC-CoCr ; cermet ; wet welding ; underwater welding ; abrasive wear resistance ; high-strength low-alloy steel ; hardness measurements ; metal–mineral abrasion ; ultrathin films ; infrared spectroscopy ; detection limit ; ZnS ; atomic layer deposition (ALD) ; molecular layer deposition (MLD) ; phosphoric acid ; sulfuric acid ; sulfosalicylic acid ; oxalic acid ; malonic acid ; tartaric acid ; citric acid ; 0.1 and 0.6 molar solution ; porous anodic alumina ; anodizing ; chemical vapor deposition ; nickel alloys ; aluminide coatings ; high temperature fatigue ; creep ; biocompatibility ; corrosion protection ; wear resistance ; ceramic coatings ; plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coating ; microstructure ; growth mechanism ; zirconium and zirconium-based alloys ; iron anchor ; corrosion product ; iron relics ; corrosion mechanism ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 147
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-24
    Description: Bioactive compounds and drugs are designed and screened on the basis of specific molecular targets as well as via the identification of active ingredients from traditional medicine or by serendipitous discovery. The development of novel therapeutic strategies not only requires a deep knowledge of the molecular processes and the cellular pathways involved in each pathological condition and disease, but also the specific protein targets and the effects of drug binding on protein conformation and activity. Understanding of how drugs can modify and modulate specific cellular pathways and functions will be helpful during the process of drug development and clinical trials.
    Keywords: serum half-life extension ; fatty acid conjugation ; FcRn-mediated recycling ; serum albumin ; translocator protein (TSPO) ; CoCl2 ; mitochondrial membrane potential ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; cell viability ; cell death ; lung cancer cell line ; acetylcholinesterase ; amyloid beta aggregation ; neuroprotection ; molecular docking ; multi-target drug ; structure–activity relationship ; brassicasterol ; phytosterols ; HSV ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; HSV-1 DNA polymerase ; HSV-1 TK ; human CDK2 ; ACE ; UDP-galactopyranose mutase ; heat shock protein 70 ; Hsp70 ; piperine ; fluorescence spectroscopy ; molecular dynamics ; molecular biophysics ; GADD45β ; MKK7 ; multiple myeloma ; protein-ligand interaction ; STD-NMR ; sigma receptors ; sigma ligands ; cancer ; SIGMAR1 ; PGRMC1 ; TMEM97 ; NCI60 COMPARE analysis ; membrane ; lipid-protein interaction ; lipid signalling ; kinase regulation ; phosphatidylinositols ; molecular docking simulation ; target identification ; small-molecule derivatives of salicylanilide ; drug discovery ; drug development ; thyroid diseases ; endocrine disruptor compound ; human umbilical artery ; vascular homeostasis ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 148
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Within the second half of the last century, quantum cosmology concretely became one of the main research lines within gravitational theory and cosmology. Substantial progress has been made. Furthermore, quantum cosmology can become a domain that will gradually develop further over the next handful of decades, perhaps assisted by technological developments. Indications for new physics (i.e., beyond the standard model of particle physics or general relativity) could emerge and then the observable universe would surely be seen from quite a new perspective. This motivates bringing quantum cosmology to more research groups and individuals.This Special Issue (SI) aims to provide a wide set of reviews, ranging from foundational issues to (very) recent advancing discussions. Concretely, we want to inspire new work proposing observational tests, providing an aggregated set of contributions, covering several lines, some of which are thoroughly explored, some allowing progress, and others much unexplored. The aim of this SI is motivate new researchers to employ and further develop quantum cosmology over the forthcoming decades. Textbooks and reviews exist on the present subject, and this SI will complementarily assist in offering open access to a set of wide-ranging reviews. Hopefully, this will assist new interested researchers, in having a single open access online volume, with reviews that can help. In particular, this will help in selecting what to explore, what to read in more detail, where to proceed, and what to investigate further within quantum cosmology.
    Keywords: string cosmology ; quantum cosmology ; Wheeler-DeWitt equation ; loop quantum cosmology ; observations ; classical and quantum cosmology ; time ; quantum fields in curved spacetime ; Brans–Dicke theory ; bounce models ; de Broglie–Bohm interpretation ; quantum geometrodynamics ; extended theories of gravity ; dark energy singularities ; quantum gravity ; Hawking radiation ; entanglement entropy ; uniqueness of the quantization ; polymer quantum mechanics ; bounce ; no-boundary proposal ; instantons ; multiverse ; superspace ; third quantisation ; universe–antiuniverse pair ; weyl curvature hypothesis ; early universe cosmology ; singularity and bounce ; cyclic universe ; quantum fields ; backreaction effects ; supersymmetry ; noncommutativity ; generalized uncertainty principles ; canonical quantum gravity ; clocks ; noether symmetries ; ADM formalism ; exact solutions ; supersymmetric quantum mechanics ; shape invariant potentials ; supersymmetric quantum cosmology ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 149
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: The enteric protozoans Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the most common diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites worldwide. Cryptosporidium spp. is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age in poor-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although infection by G. duodenalis is rarely a fatal condition, giardiasis is commonly associated with childhood growth faltering and cognitive impairment. Because of their significant socioeconomic impact, particularly in low-income countries, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis joined the “Neglected Disease Initiative” launched by the World Health Organization in 2004. Both Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis are ubiquitous in the environment and can infect a wide range of hosts with different specificities, meaning that humans may acquire the infection via waterborne, foodborne, or zoonotic transmission. Recent advances in detection and molecular epidemiology have indicated that certain species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis have an expanded range of suitable hosts, suggesting that their transmission pathways are more intricate than previously thought, challenging our current notion of host specificities. Therefore, there is a clear need for more studies that aim to investigate the frequency and molecular diversity of these parasites in humans, production and companion animals, and wildlife species. This information would be extremely useful to elucidate the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis and to investigate the exact contribution of zoonotic events to human infections.
    Keywords: Cryptosporidium ; genotype ; Bactrian camels ; zoonotic potential ; public health ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; subtype ; bamboo rat ; human pathogen ; Cryptosporidium felis ; 60-kDa glycoprotein ; subtypes ; zoonotic transmission ; Giardia duodenalis ; coypus (Myocastor coypus) ; multi-locus genotype ; genetic variation ; zoonotic genotypes ; PCR (polymerase chain reaction) ; China ; Giardia ; Brazil ; Amazon ; asymptomatic ; community ; genotyping ; indigenous ; risk association ; Tapirapé ; transmission ; Blastocystis ; enteric parasites ; children ; diarrhoea ; PCR ; molecular epidemiology ; Mozambique ; acute diarrhea ; risk factor ; gp60 ; ssu rRNA ; prevalence ; GEMS ; parasite ; parasitology ; epidemiology ; genetic diversity ; host specificity ; Europe ; Scandinavia ; protist ; sporozoa ; zoonosis ; detection ; diagnosis ; sensitivity ; specificity ; coinfection ; enteric protists ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Blastocystis sp. ; molecular diversity ; Cryptosporidium cuniculus ; rabbits ; Egypt ; gp60 gene ; PCR-RFLP ; zoonoses ; Cryptosporidium xiaoi ; subtyping ; host adaptation ; Enterocytozoon bieneusi ; Cryptosporidium spp. ; pet dogs and cats ; Yunnan province ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 150
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The aim of the present Special Issue is to address the state-of-art of mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomics. Mitochondrial markers are widespread in phylogenetics; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that (i) many discordance issues arise with respect to nuclear markers and (ii) many features that are normally considered 'typical' for the mitochondrial genome are indeed highly unstable and unconserved.
    Keywords: Acari Actinotrichida ; COI ; cytochrome B ; genetic identification ; Hydrachnidia ; Culicidae ; reverse taxonomy ; species identification ; Unio crassus ; freshwater mussels ; population genetics ; genetic diversity ; mtDNA ; ITS ; codon degeneration ; phylogenetic conflict ; deep phylogeny ; ratite ; Theileria parva ; mitogenomes ; haplotypes ; SNPs ; live vaccine ; fig wasps ; classification ; phylogeny ; mitochondrial gene ; transcriptome ; divergence ; Diptera ; saturation ; rates ; banana ; diversification times ; mitochondrial genome ; Mycosphaerellaceae ; plant pathogens ; Pseudocercospora ; sigatoka disease ; wild sheep ; bighorn ; taxonomy ; cytochrome b ; Yakut snow sheep ; Ovis nivicola lydekkeri ; Actiniaria ; group I intron ; mitogenome ; rearrangement ; sea anemone ; 2D RNA-Barcoding ; molecular morphology ; Nudibranchia ; Dondice ; heteroplasmy ; paternal leakage ; NUMTs ; selection ; mtDNA architecture ; mtDNA structure ; nucleotide composition ; compositional bias ; strand asymmetry ; Eukaryota ; mtDNA expansion ; ICZN ; homonym ; Heterobranchia ; Crassostrea angulata ; Portuguese oyster ; cox1 ; phylogeography ; phylogenetics ; haplotype diversity ; oyster conservation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 151
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The study of fractional integrals and fractional derivatives has a long history, and they have many real-world applications because of their properties of interpolation between integer-order operators. This field includes classical fractional operators such as Riemann–Liouville, Weyl, Caputo, and Grunwald–Letnikov; nevertheless, especially in the last two decades, many new operators have also appeared that often define using integrals with special functions in the kernel, such as Atangana–Baleanu, Prabhakar, Marichev–Saigo–Maeda, and the tempered fractional equation, as well as their extended or multivariable forms. These have been intensively studied because they can also be useful in modelling and analysing real-world processes, due to their different properties and behaviours from those of the classical cases.Special functions, such as Mittag–Leffler functions, hypergeometric functions, Fox's H-functions, Wright functions, and Bessel and hyper-Bessel functions, also have important connections with fractional calculus. Some of them, such as the Mittag–Leffler function and its generalisations, appear naturally as solutions of fractional differential equations. Furthermore, many interesting relationships between different special functions are found by using the operators of fractional calculus. Certain special functions have also been applied to analyse the qualitative properties of fractional differential equations, e.g., the concept of Mittag–Leffler stability.The aim of this reprint is to explore and highlight the diverse connections between fractional calculus and special functions, and their associated applications.
    Keywords: Caputo-Hadamard fractional derivative ; coupled system ; Hadamard fractional integral ; boundary conditions ; existence ; fixed point theorem ; fractional Langevin equations ; existence and uniqueness solution ; fractional derivatives and integrals ; stochastic processes ; calculus of variations ; Mittag-Leffler functions ; Prabhakar fractional calculus ; Atangana–Baleanu fractional calculus ; complex integrals ; analytic continuation ; k-gamma function ; k-beta function ; Pochhammer symbol ; hypergeometric function ; Appell functions ; integral representation ; reduction and transformation formula ; fractional derivative ; generating function ; physical problems ; fractional derivatives ; fractional modeling ; real-world problems ; electrical circuits ; fractional differential equations ; fixed point theory ; Atangana–Baleanu derivative ; mobile phone worms ; fractional integrals ; Abel equations ; Laplace transforms ; mixed partial derivatives ; second Chebyshev wavelet ; system of Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations ; fractional-order Caputo derivative operator ; fractional-order Riemann–Liouville integral operator ; error bound ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 152
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Being the largest animal protein producer, the poultry industry is in the focus of mixed-diet consumers (from a welfare point of view, as a medium of functional foods, environmental issues, the use of antibiotics, etc.), as well as the livestock industry in general. The poultry industry is also extremely quick to uptake new technologies (such as biotechnology, mechanization, robotics, and climate and nutrient control) in order to be economically efficient and sustainable. There is constant pressure from pathogens and new threats, such as avian flu, that requires new treatments and biosecurity measures. There are many novel approaches and answers to these challenges. In breeding, molecular genetic tools (genomic selection and genome editing) can be used to increase production efficiency and fitness, especially immunity traits, or to characterize local genetic pools. The One Health approach, which requires a holistic approach, where genetics, nutrition, health treatment, and management need to be considered together, has gained ground in the poultry industry. The gut microbiome seems to be a good indicator of the balanced health of an animal. Artificial intelligence, built into robotic supervision and handling, helps to increase animal comfort and save costs in the workforce. Organic farming takes a different approach and faces different challenges. What could the possible answers be? We are facing a new era in poultry science. The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight the importance of new findings.
    Keywords: skin microbiota ; poultry ; welfare ; diet ; 16S rRNA gene ; amplicon sequencing ; ducks ; probiotic ; gut microbiome ; zinc ; imunity ; Ascaridia galli ; chicken ; microbiology ; poultry farming waste ; organic waste ; low protein diet ; broiler chickens ; N excretion ; Citrullus colocynthis ; lipid profile ; stress indicators ; physiological status ; productive performance ; laying hens ; ostrich ; meat production ; meat nutritive composition ; amino acids ; fatty acids ; minerals ; technological and organoleptic characteristics ; fattening turkey ; protein ; methionine ; growth ; hepatic lipidosis ; oxidative stress ; chicken breeds ; evolutionary lineages ; phenotypic traits ; NCAPG-LCORL ; synthetic genetic structure ; admixture ; laying hen ; non-caged ; non-trimmed ; beak abrasion ; behavior ; aggressiveness ; mortality ; lameness ; broiler chicken ; hypophosphatemic rickets ; Ca:P ratio ; phosphorus deficiency ; phosphorus requirement ; duration of onset ; animal nutrition ; animal husbandry ; composted pelletized poultry litter ; life cycle assessment ; Hosoya composting ; chemical fertilizers ; EU Green Deal ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 153
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Phospholipases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that hydrolyze ester bonds within membrane phospholipids. These enzymes serve multiple biological functions that go far beyond a mere membrane remodeling role in cellular homeostasis; they also play key functions in nutrient digestion and the regulated formation of bioactive lipids involved in cell signaling. It is to the latter function, critical to life, that this book is primarily concerned with. All the chapters are written by renowned experts in the area, and provide forefront information on the role phospholipases in a number of physiological and pathophysiological settings.
    Keywords: inhibitor ; metabolic stability ; α-methylation ; oxoesters ; phospholipase A2 ; adrenic acid ; arachidonic acid ; mass spectrometry ; lipid signaling ; inflammation ; monocytes/macrophages ; crotoxin ; snake venom ; lung impairment ; inflammatory response ; lipid mediators ; neuromuscular blocker ; lipidomics ; PAP-2 ; autotaxin ; lysophosphatidate ; G protein-coupled receptor ; PLA2G6 ; fatty liver ; phospholipid remodeling ; diet-induced obesity ; morbidly obesity ; choline and methionine deficiency ; glioblastoma ; sphingolipid ; sphingosine-1-phosphate ; sphingomyelinase ; sphingomyelin ; metastasis ; phosphatidic acid ; diacylglycerol ; lipin ; signaling ; cPLA2α ; psoriasis ; proliferation ; anti-inflammatory ; atherosclerosis ; phospholipases ; macrophages ; T cells ; lipins ; pancreatic islets ; β-cells ; insulin secretion ; glucose tolerance ; insulin resistance ; group VIA phospholipase A2 ; fatty acid ; knockout mouse ; lipid mediator ; lysophospholipid ; membrane ; phospholipid ; ceramide ; acidic sphingomyelinase ; neutral sphingomyelinase ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis ; preadipocytes ; prostaglandins ; adipokines ; cytokines ; EP receptors ; Group V phospholipase A2 ; lipids ; majeed syndrome ; LPIN2 ; LIPIN2 ; chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis ; chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis ; autoinflammatory ; inflammasome ; macrophage ; osteoclast ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 154
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Despite intense investigation of plant embryogenesis, there are still various open questions in this fascinating field. For example, our knowledge is still poor in relation to the spatiotemporal dynamics and the regulatory mechanisms of various embryonic events at all levels of whole plants, organs, tissues, cells, and molecules. We also need to understand the generality and diversity of embryonic features in a diverse range of species and also the bioengineering technologies to improve reproductive traits. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we show various articles, including original research papers and reviews, to expand our knowledge on plant embryogenesis, including works spanning from the various novel protocols of model plants to the regulations of somatic embryogenesis in agricultural plants.
    Keywords: tobacco ; embryogenesis ; suspensor ; programmed cell death ; TUNEL ; low-fluence ; red light ; shoot regeneration ; WUS ; NPA ; antioxidative enzymes ; arabinogalactan proteins ; centaury ; Gentianaceae ; in vitro culture ; morphogenesis ; plant growth regulators ; somatic embryo ; tissue culture ; clearing ; 3D imaging ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; embryo ; confocal microscopy ; cell wall staining ; fluorescent reporter ; GFP ; cyclic somatic embryogenesis ; direct somatic embryogenesis ; indirect somatic embryogenesis ; leaf explant ; histology ; 2,4-D ; CPPU ; auxins ; cytokinins ; regeneration ; picloram ; cryoplate ; vitrification solutions ; long-term preservation ; fertilization ; male excess ; parental genome ; paternal genome ; polyspermy ; rice ; epidermal development ; ATML1 ; transcriptional regulation ; post-transcriptional regulation ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 155
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Nature continuously produces biologically useful molecules and provides humankind with life-saving drugs or therapies. Natural products (NPs) offer a vast, unique and fascinating chemical diversity and these molecules have evolved for optimal interactions with biological macromolecules. Moreover, natural products feature pharmacologically active pharmacophores which are pharmaceutically validated starting points for the development of new lead compounds. Over half of all approved (from 1981 to 2014) small-molecule drugs derived from NPs, including unaltered NPs, NPs synthetic derivatives and synthetic natural mimics, originated from a NPs pharmacophore or template. According to the FDA, NPs and their derivatives represent over one-third of all FDA-approved new drugs, in particular for anticancer/antibiotic lead compounds, which are remarkably enriched with NPs.
    Keywords: multi-component reaction ; fusidic acid ; TEMPO-conjugate ; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy ; caspase-3 ; incomptine A ; sesquiterpene lactone ; Decachaeta incompta ; cytotoxic activity ; iTRAQ ; apoptosis ; ROS production ; violacein ; hepatocellular carcinoma ; proliferation ; stemness ; natural products ; tumor microenvironment (TME) ; lung cancer ; phytochemicals ; botanical agents ; steroidal alkaloids ; solanidane alkaloids ; demissidine ; solanidine ; flavonoids ; coronavirus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS-CoV ; MERS-CoV ; anticancer activity ; apoptosis resistance ; ophiobolin A ; polygodial ; Wittig reaction ; melanoma ; tumor heterogeneity ; pregnancy ; anti-tumor peptides ; in vitro model ; medicinal herbs ; cancer treatment ; cancer stem cells ; drug resistance ; metastasis ; RCE-4 ; PCD ; ATG 4B ; the Bcl-2–Beclin 1 complex ; Sparticola junci ; structure elucidation ; ECD-TDDFT ; COX inhibitory ; molecular docking ; antiproliferative ; cytotoxic ; Sepedonium ampullosporum ; peptaibols ; ampullosporin ; glutamic acid methyl ester ; solid-phase peptide synthesis ; antifungal ; anticancer ; target identification ; kaempferol ; docking ; DARTS ; Src ; breast cancer ; butein ; frondoside-A ; STAT3 ; angiogenesis ; invasion ; viability ; tumor growth ; marine fungi ; Cosmospora sp. ; soudanone ; Magnaporthe oryzae ; co-culture ; phytopathogen ; molecular networking ; metabolomics ; bispecific antibody ; Trypsiligase ; click chemistry ; biorthogonal chemistry ; antibody engineering ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Microorganisms is pleased to publish this book, which reprints papers that appeared in a Special Issue on “Phototrophic Bacteria”, with Guest Editors Robert Blankenship and Matthew Sattley. This Special Issue included research on all types of phototrophic bacteria, including both anoxygenic and oxygenic forms. Research on these bacterial organisms has greatly advanced our understanding of the basic principles that underlie the energy storage that takes place in all types of photosynthetic organisms, including both bacterial and eukaryotic forms. Topics of interest include: microbial physiology, microbial ecology, microbial genetics, evolutionary microbiology, systems microbiology, agricultural microbiology, microbial biotechnology, and environmental microbiology, as all are related to phototrophic bacteria.
    Keywords: aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria ; chlorophototroph ; thermophile ; hot spring ; bacteriochlorophyll ; Alphaproteobacteria ; cyanophage ; Nostoc sp. ; label-free quantitative proteomics ; photosynthesis ; substance metabolism ; energy metabolism ; purple sulfur bacteria ; genomic phylogeny ; Ectothiorhodospiraceae ; Halorhodospiraceae ; new family and genus ; scytonemin ; ultraviolet radiation ; high light ; cyanobacteria ; Acaryochloris ; chlorophyll ; genomics ; far-red photosynthesis ; plasmid ; horizontal gene transfer ; Rhodocyclus ; purpureus ; tenuis ; gracilis ; HiPIP ; cobalamin ; whole genome sequencing ; taxonomy ; chlorophyll d ; Moss Beach ; photosynthetic pigments ; absorbance spectra ; genome sequence ; Photosystem II ; oxygenic photosynthesis ; photosynthetic reaction center ; cryo-electron microscopy ; cyclic electron flow ; ferredoxin-NADP reductase ; NDH-1 ; proton motive force ; thylakoid ; anoxygenic phototrophs ; heliobacteria ; bacteriochlorophyll g ; Heliophilum fasciatum ; Heliobacteria ; promoters ; reporters ; gene expression ; phototrophic bacteria ; transcriptional regulation ; gene transfer ; persulfide ; redox signaling ; cyclic GMP ; PpsR ortholog ; AerR photoreceptor ; light regulation ; photosynthesis gene regulators ; two-component system ; RegA ; aerobic ; copper ion ; disulfide bond ; DNA binding ; gene regulation ; purple phototrophic bacteria ; extremophile ; Halorhodospira halochloris ; Halorhodospira abdelmalekii ; light-harvesting 1 reaction center ; bacteriochlorophyll b ; thermal stability ; salt- and pH-dependence ; near infrared ; stromatolite ; shark bay ; reduction-oxidation ; photosystem II ; phycobilisome ; RNase ; light-harvesting ; aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs ; AAP ; Rhodobacter ; purple nonsulfur bacteria ; Yellowstone ; xanthorhodopsin ; vitamin B12 ; frameshifting ; evolution ; chelatase ; chlIDH ; cobNST ; phototrophic extracellular electron uptake ; comparative genomics ; transcriptomics ; Rhodovulum sulfidophilum ; Rhodovulum visakhapatnamense ; ancestral sequence reconstruction ; chlorophyll f ; far-red light photoacclimation ; Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 ; Chloroflexus aurantiacus ; proteomic analysis ; respiration ; chlorosome ; alternative complex III ; phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses ; conserved signature indels (CSIs) ; molecular signatures ; class Chlorobia and the families Chlorobiaceae and Chloroherpetonaceae ; Ignavibacteria ; uncultured species/strains related to Chlorobia/Ignavibacteria ; FNR ; NDH ; photoheterotrophic growth ; comparative genome analysis ; cyanobacterial photoreceptors ; phycobiliproteins ; chromatic acclimation ; linker proteins ; phylogenetic comparison ; halophiles ; alkaliphiles ; nitrogen fixation ; diazotroph ; Rhodovulum tesquicola ; hydrogen ; electron transport ; photosystem I ; microbial ecology of lakes ; bacterial community ; Lake Winnipeg ; food web dynamics ; picoplankton ; bacterioplankton ; carotenoid ; Synechocystis ; zeta-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO) ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: The special issue (Zebrafish Models for Development and Disease 2.0) is a collection of articles highlighting research using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) experimental organism. Research described in this special issue addresses various developmental biology, genetic, biomedical and neuroscience topics that should be of general interest to the biomedical research community.
    Keywords: Gelatinase A ; Mmp2 ; zebrafish ; sarcomere ; myosin ; proteostasis ; phosphorylation ; TAILS ; secretion ; cannabinoids ; Mauthner ; motor neurons ; muscle ; NMJ ; CNS ; Orthosiphon stamineus ; plant-derived proteins ; epilepsy ; seizures ; Parkinson’s disease ; toxins ; dopaminergic neuron ; zebrafish behavior ; color preferences ; toxicity assessment ; marijuana ; opioid ; congenital anomalies ; THC ; CBD ; morphine ; codeine ; birth defects ; cardiac physiology ; heart rate ; detection method ; regeneration ; mammal ; liver ; pancreas ; heart ; retina ; brain ; spinal cord ; rbm24a ; sox2 ; post-transcriptional regulation ; vision ; visual assay ; microphthalmia ; RNA binding protein ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Special Issue in honour of Prof. Yves Brihaye, on the occasion of his 65th birthday. The issue is mainly dedicated to the study of compact objects and solutions to Einstein-Yang-Mills equations and extensions thereof, topics to which Prof. Y. Brihaye contributed very significantly.
    Keywords: deconfinement ; Matter-gravity coupling ; Yang–Mills theory ; Q-ball ; boson star ; coadjoint orbits ; conformal group ; Poincaré group ; solitons ; boson stars ; Dirac stars ; Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ; BEH field mass spectrum ; LHC experiments ; black holes ; scalar fields ; Einstein–Maxwell–scalar theory ; gravity models ; Chern–Simons gravity ; exact solutions ; wormholes ; NUT charge ; higher curvature theories ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Recycled woods obtained from old buildings, furniture, industrial products, etc., as well as from modified woods prepared by thermal, chemical, or biological processes, have the potential to be a base or complementary raw material for construction and decorative wood composites used mostly in buildings, furniture, and for transport. Typical construction composites are glued prisms and boards (e.g., glulam, blockboard), glued large-area boards from veneers (e.g., plywood, laminated veneer lumber), or large-area boards from wood particles and fibers (e.g., particleboard, oriented strand board, medium-density fiberboard). More of the large-area boards can obtain a better decorative function usable in furniture and building architecture after veneering, lamination, coating, plasma-treating or other surface-treating technologies.Within this Special Issue, selected articles related primarily to wood composites prepared from recycled and modified woods are presented with a focus on the type and properties of used raw materials, additives, and technological processes, including finishing and surface treatments, with an impact on the resulting properties and service-life of wood composites in different use scenarios.
    Keywords: wood composites ; waste fibres ; magnesium lignosulfonate ; bioadhesives ; birch ; black alder ; densification ; plywood properties ; cellulose ; modification ; coating ; expandable graphite ; fire retardant ; thermal degradation ; particleboards ; recycled wood ; physical and mechanical properties ; decay resistance ; adsorption properties ; hydroxyl groups ; medium-density fiberboard (MDF) ; particleboard panels ; polar molecules ; wood ; polyvinyl acetate ; polyurethane ; laser ; damage ; microscopy ; adhesion ; mold ; laminated veneer lumber ; veneer quality sorting ; local fiber orientation ; Douglas fir ; Douglas-fir ; heartwood ; sapwood ; bending optimization ; veneer quality ; four-point bending ; thermally modified wood ; decay and mould resistance ; FTIR ; pallets ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Although the compression ignition (C.I.) engine, invented by Rudolf Diesel, was originally intended to work with pure vegetable oils as fuel, more than a century ago, it was adapted to be used with a fuel of fossil origin, obtained from oil. Therefore, there would be no technical difficulties in returning to the primitive design of using biofuels of renewable origin, such as vegetable oils. The main drawback is found in the one billion C.I. engines which are currently in use, which would have to undergo a modification in the injection system in order to adapt them to the higher viscosity of vegetable oils in comparison to that of fossil fuels. Thus, the gradual incorporation of biofuels as substitutes of fossil fuels is mandatory.
    Keywords: biodiesel ; Ecodiesel ; selective ethanolysis ; sunflower oil ; Lipozyme RM IM ; Rhizomucor miehei ; ANOVA method ; response surface methodology ; gasoline oil blends ; castor oil ; biofuel ; diesel engine ; electricity generator ; smoke opacity ; Bacharach opacity ; straight vegetable oils (SVO) ; glycerol ; heterogeneous catalysis ; etherification ; isobutene ; tert-Butyl alcohol ; oxygenated fuel additives ; hydrogen production ; photo-reforming ; Ni/TiO2 ; transesterification ; Aspergillus terreus lipase ; polydopamine ; immobilization ; RSM ; fuel properties ; diethyl ether ; Bosch smoke number ; vacuum fractionation ; fuel ; fatty acids composition ; ethyl acetate ; straight vegetable oils ; vegetable oil blends ; biofuels ; soot emissions ; engine power output ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Except for latitudinal and elevational extremes, lizards range across a vast variety of biotopes worldwide, including environments as disparate as deserts, prairies, temperate woodlands, rainforests, or anthropic habitats. Although most species thrive on the ground, numerous lizards are fossorial, arboreal, and even aquatic, found in either fresh- or seawater. With lizards being ectotherms, accurate thermoregulation and other physiological adaptations are in most cases fundamental for their survival in such a variety of habitats. Moreover, lizard coloration may mediate thermoregulation, reproduction, and social status, among others. Lizards have also evolved some unusual antipredator adaptations, such as tail autotomy. Consequently, the astonishing morphological, ecological, and functional diversity of lizards results from extremely intense selective pressures, oftentimes opposing, many of whose interrelationships have yet to be disentangled. This Special Issue provides the international scientific community with an integrative meeting point to discuss and synthesize the current knowledge on the evolutionary pathways and mechanisms that led to today’s lizards.
    Keywords: enhanced vegetation index ; Lacerta ; Mediterranean ; niche partitioning ; Sauria ; Timon ; colouration ; social signals ; Psammodromus algirus ; lizards ; altitudinal gradient ; Indochina ; Southeast Asia ; phylogeny ; Indo-Australian Archipelago ; Bent-toed geckos ; karst ; conservation ; high elevation ; hyperoxia ; sprint performance ; thermal performance curve ; thermal preference ; lizard ; autotomy ; tail ; locomotion ; performance ; temperature ; predation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: During the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods, women are affected by a variety of symptoms, such as hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Non-specific somatic symptoms are also common, including muscle and joint pain, tiredness, and dizziness. Some of these effects (particularly vasomotor symptoms and vaginal atrophy) are closely associated with estrogen deficiency, but the exact mechanisms underlying the other symptoms are not fully understood. Postmenopausal women are also at increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity as a net effect of central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes, as well as for osteoporosis, cognitive decline, and genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has played a central role in improving menopausal symptoms and reducing the disease risks associated with estrogen deficiency. However, due to growing concern for the side effects of HRT, especially in patients with hormone-sensitive cancer such as breast and uterus cancer, research has turned to the effects of nutraceutical approaches to these symptoms and diseases. In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we would like to bring together manuscripts dealing with the topic of “Nutrition Challenges for Middle-Aged and Older Women”. Topics may include dietary interventions with foods, altered nutrient intake or food supplements, and specific dietary pattern interventions, such as the Mediterranean Diet or calorie restriction, in humans.
    Keywords: menopause ; atheromatous arteriosclerosis ; metabolic syndrome ; obesity ; caffeine ; polyphenol ; vegetarian diets ; vegetarianism ; vitamins ; minerals ; nutritional habits of Poles ; Pueraria thomsonii ; Citrus unshiu ; hot flash ; bone resorption ; depression ; anxiety ; mental disorder ; pyridoxal 5′-phosphate ; chlorogenic acid ; hot flushes ; menopausal symptoms ; proanthocyanidin ; middle-aged ; women ; cardiovascular disease ; grape seed ; cranberry ; red clover ; isoflavones ; Trifolium pratense ; postmenopausal women ; perimenopausal women ; healthy eating index ; calcium ; waist circumference ; diet history questionnaire ; supplements ; bone mineral density ; flavonoids ; hormone replacement therapy ; immune senescence ; inflammation ; inflammatory cytokines ; immune system ; cognition ; symptoms ; elderly ; amino acids ; comorbidities ; isoflavone ; daidzein ; genistein ; headache ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This Special Issue, entitled "Synthetic Peptides and Peptidomimetics: From Basic Science to Biomedical Applications", has included both reviews and original research contributions focused on the chemical design and biomedical applications of structurally modified bioactive peptides. The papers collected show how successful this class of molecules still is, both as model molecules for studying the structure of proteins and as potential therapeutics and diagnostics, and also as laboratory tools for advanced basic and applied studies. The large scientific community working in this field is in fact very active and productive, and is making the most of the potential and versatility of these molecules to generate increasingly interesting and innovative molecules of therapeutic interest and to understand the fundamental molecular mechanisms of life.
    Keywords: polymers ; peptidomimetics ; AFM ; transfection ; molecular modelling ; peptide ; α-helix ; hydrocarbon stapling ; ring-closing metathesis ; i,i + 1 staple ; X-ray structure ; deferoxamine ; RGD peptides ; integrins ; radiodiagnostics ; PET imaging ; retro-inverso peptides ; anticancer peptides ; drug delivery ; peptide antigens ; Aβ ; IAPP ; antimicrobial peptides ; peptides ; diagnostic ; ELISA ; microarray ; PET ; SPECT ; imaging diagnostic ; non-imaging diagnostic ; amphiphilic peptides ; non-viral gene delivery ; nanocarrier ; peptide self-assemblies ; stimuli responsive ; SARS-CoV-2 ; FRET ; molecular docking ; molecular dynamics ; MM-GBSA ; drug repurposing ; antiviral ; cancer ; cyclic peptide ; integrin ; αvβ3 ; ALOS4 ; melanoma ; fluorescent peptide ; environment-sensitive fluorophore ; peptide labeling ; luciferin ; membrane-binding peptide ; antimicrobial peptide ; antitumor peptide ; RGD peptide ; antiproliferative activity ; chirality ; conformational analysis ; density functional theory (DFT) ; ferrocene ; hydrogen bonds ; peptidomimetic ; X-ray ; protein–protein interactions (PPIs) ; voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels ; fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) ; medium spiny neurons (MSNs) ; nucleus accumbens (NAc) ; neurotherapeutics ; cyclophilin A (CypA) ; apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) ; human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells ; staurosporine-mediated cell death ; AIF(370-394) peptide ; caspase-3 ; PARP ; antifungal ; antibacterial ; peptide-based therapies ; synthetic peptides ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Herbal and plant extracts show diverse activities and have been used for centuries as natural medicines for many health problems and diseases. Through the isolation and analysis of the compounds in the extracts, it is possible to understand why the extracts exhibit those activities, as well as the chemical metabolism of compounds that occur in plants and herbs. Recently, there have been increasing attempts to develop herbal and plant extracts into functional foods and drugs, but the legal requirements are becoming stricter. We need sophisticatedly defined extracts through the isolation and analysis of compounds comprising them in order to meet the legal requirements and to pursue quality control strategies in the production of functional foods and drugs. This Special Issue Book compiled the 15 recent research and review articles that highlight the isolation, profiling, and analysis of compounds in herbal and plant extracts, as well as quality control and standardized processing strategies for extracts with characteristic compounds.
    Keywords: Polygala tenuifolia ; phenolic glycosides ; saponins ; anti-inflammatory effect ; bioactive compound ; isatidis folium ; HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS ; antiwrinkle activity ; quality control ; response surface methodology ; Boesenbergia rotunda ; Zingiberaceae ; flavonoid ; 4-hydroxypanduratin ; vasorelaxation ; tribe Clauseneae ; DNA barcode ; volatile compounds ; antioxidant activity ; ACE inhibitory activity ; anticancer activity ; α-glucosidase inhibitory activity ; avocado oil ; fatty acids ; hearing loss ; zebrafish ; hair cell ; Schisandra chinensis ; Omija ; dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans ; seed ; flower ; fermented beverage ; dried tepals ; total phenolic content ; total anthocyanin content ; vitamin C ; ultrasound assisted extraction ; biorefining ; fibrosarcoma ; metastasis ; natural products ; plants ; protease inhibitors ; tumor cells ; bombacoideae ; pharmacology ; phytochemical ingredients ; bioactive compounds ; medicine ; Hippophae rhamnoides ; Elaeagnaceae ; citrate derivatives ; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) ; electronic circular dichroism (ECD) ; Dendrobium ; Orchidaceae ; D. nobile ; D. candidum ; D. nobile × candidum ; gamma-irradiated mutant ; metabolomics ; cytotoxicity ; Morus sp. pl. ; cultivar ; mulberry ; 1-DNJ ; HPLC-ESI-MS ; HILIC ; Inonotus obliquus ; inotodiol ; noncompartment analysis ; pharmacokinetic study ; Coreopsis rosea ; Coreopsis verticillata ; mutant cultivar ; dipeptidyl peptidase-IV ; analytical tools ; data analysis ; genetically modified crops ; mass spectrometry ; metabolomics databases ; metabolomics software tools ; omics ; plant biology ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Sustainable development in the agriculture sector is crucial to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations (UN). There are lots of challenges to developing modern and intelligent agricultural techniques, tools, and systems, by which sustainable agriculture and food security can be satisfied. In addition, carbon-neutral development and clean energy utilization are also associated with the UN-SDGs. Such agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering studies are needed in the 21st century, particularly from the viewpoint of the agricultural water–energy–food security nexus. This book focuses on the recent proliferation and technological advancements in these engineering applications. This book aims to share recent updates on agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering, and the application of these engineering techniques in the agriculture sector. It presents such engineering technologies and applications in seven categories that include energy system applications in agriculture (three studies); irrigation and drainage (four studies); biomass, biogas, and biochar (three studies); farm mechanization and soil science (three studies); remote sensing and geographical studies (two studies); wastewater and biological studies (two studies); and case studies and societal aspects in agriculture (five studies). The editors believe that this book will be useful for agricultural scientists, researchers, and students.
    Keywords: air heat pump ; carbon dioxide ; formaldehyde ; electricity consumption ; ultra-fine dust ; municipal waste ; biological fertilizer ; phytopathogens ; sustainable agriculture ; organic waste treatment ; optical remote sensing ; microwave remote sensing ; phenology-based method ; forest conservation ; forest management ; rural residents ; economic incentives ; Pakistan ; less-favoured areas ; agricultural policy ; farm profitability ; traction ; soil ; sinkage ; single-track shoe ; penetration ; cohesion ; adhesion ; ANOVA ; Brassica chinensis ; coefficient of variation ; double-row ; metering device ; pneumatic ; greenhouse ; computational fluid dynamics ; airflow ; temperature ; humidity ; horticulture ; Zagazig ; Egypt ; willingness to accept ; gross margin ; mixed cropping ; ordered logistic regression ; bioresources ; circular bioeconomy ; economic analysis ; Nitrification inhibitor ; smog ; Wheat straw ; poultry farms ; air-conditioning ; evaporative cooling systems ; temperature-humidity index ; temperature-humidity-velocity index ; soil erosion ; sediment yield ; RUSLE ; sediment transport modeling ; Gomal River ; arid regions ; surface drain system ; design ; drainage effluent ; GF-6 ; maize ; straw ; support vector machine ; random forest ; red-edge wavelength ; biomass ; furnace ; efficiency ; economics ; carbon nanotubes ; surface modification ; heavy metals ; adsorption ; water and wastewater treatment ; renewable energy ; biogas production ; livestock manure ; anaerobic digestion ; COVID-19 ; Iran ; food security ; economic crisis ; agriculture ; food supply chain ; agricultural economy ; drip irrigation system ; net revenue ; small landholders ; sustainable irrigation ; agroforestry ; allometric equations ; carbon stock ; organic carbon ; potassium ; zinc ; physiological attributes ; climate change ; environment ; human health ; resources ; wastewater ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: This book deals with sustainable agriculture at a time of climate change. It seeks to identify a number of solutions to deal with the agricultural stresses caused by climate change. These range from the identification and cultivation of appropriate crop varieties and the adoption of climate adaptive agricultural practices. Significant sustainable agricultural innovation is required to deal with these challenges. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) may be of crucial importance for modern agriculture. They serve to make R&D in agriculture attractive, by encouraging investment in new technologies and generating tradeable assets. A number of the chapters of this book refer to the principal IPRs relevant to agricultural innovation, namely: (i) patents, which protect inventions; (ii) plant variety rights, which protect the breeding of new and distinct plant varieties; and (iii) trademarks and geographical indications, which facilitate the marketing of products by providing protection for the symbols of their manufacturing or geographic origin. The United Nations Climate Change Panel has urged the consideration of the agricultural practices of traditional communities and some of these practices particularly involving rice, banana, and brassica cultivation are explored in the book. This book is essential reading for officials of governments and international organizations concerned with sustainability, as well as scholars and students concerned with these subjects
    Keywords: alternative energy source ; Ethiopian mustard ; sustainability ; agricultural green development ; entropy weight method ; spatial heterogeneity ; spatial spillover effect ; China ; rice yields ; climate change ; phenology ; relative contribution ; partial correlation ; seed security ; banana tissue culture planting material ; uptake ; banana farmers ; central Uganda ; traditional rice economics ; institutional ; socio-demographic factors ; multinomial logit model ; constraints ; China-Africa cooperation ; agricultural program ; agricultural training ; technology adoption ; dams ; agriculture ; livelihoods ; health ; schistosomiasis ; restoration ; sustainable development ; climate adaptation ; rice–wheat cropping system ; South Asia ; water requirements ; nitrogen ; direct seeding ; agricultural science, technology and innovation ; Innovation efficiency ; DEA ; G20 ; productivity ; efficiency ; food security ; digital agriculture ; smart farming ; digitalization ; digital technologies ; Middle East and North Africa ; decision making ; instrumental variable ; neighbourhood effects ; rice farmers ; risk attitudes ; spatial dependence ; agricultural innovation ; sustainable agriculture ; plant breeding ; cereals ; intellectual property ; agricultural law ; plant variety rights ; seed marketing ; European Union ; fertilizer ; knowledge ; attitude ; ease of use ; motivation ; work performance ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: As faster and more efficient numerical algorithms become available, the understanding of the physics and the mathematical foundation behind these new methods will play an increasingly important role. This Special Issue provides a platform for researchers from both academia and industry to present their novel computational methods that have engineering and physics applications.
    Keywords: radial basis functions ; finite difference methods ; traveling waves ; non-uniform grids ; chaotic oscillator ; one-step method ; multi-step method ; computer arithmetic ; FPGA ; high strain rate impact ; modeling and simulation ; smoothed particle hydrodynamics ; finite element analysis ; hybrid nanofluid ; heat transfer ; non-isothermal ; shrinking surface ; MHD ; radiation ; multilayer perceptrons ; quaternion neural networks ; metaheuristic optimization ; genetic algorithms ; micropolar fluid ; constricted channel ; MHD pulsatile flow ; strouhal number ; flow pulsation parameter ; multiple integral finite volume method ; finite difference method ; Rosenau-KdV ; conservation ; solvability ; convergence ; transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; convolutional neural networks (CNN) ; anomaly detection ; principal component analysis (PCA) ; machine learning ; deep learning ; neural networks ; Gallium-Arsenide (GaAs) ; radiation-based flowmeter ; two-phase flow ; feature extraction ; artificial intelligence ; time domain ; Boltzmann equation ; collision integral ; convolutional neural network ; annular regime ; scale layer-independent ; petroleum pipeline ; volume fraction ; dual energy technique ; prescribed heat flux ; similarity solutions ; dual solutions ; stability analysis ; RBF-FD ; node sampling ; lebesgue constant ; complex regions ; finite-difference methods ; data assimilation ; model order reduction ; finite elements analysis ; high dimensional data ; welding ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-03-21
    Description: Horticultural research has been undergoing fundamental changes to improve crop plants as a result of the emergence of new biochemical and molecular techniques. In addition, integration of new technologies with the desire to develop more sustainable production systems has also spurred production level research. The highlighted Feature Papers here reflect the diversity of the types of research performed on horticultural plant species, spanning basic to applied studies, production systems, and postharvest studies, in addition to highlighting some critical issues facing horticultural plant species.
    Keywords: Olea europaea ; fat content ; fatty acid profile ; phenolic content ; volatile compounds ; hedgerow planting systems ; adaptive management ; conservation science ; Guam ; Mariana Islands ; Rota ; growing efficiency ; hydroponic nutrient solution ; raw material standardization ; soilless culture system ; system design ; brown rot ; inoculum application ; Monilinia ; phenotyping ; phenotypic instability ; stone fruit ; sweet cherry ; fruit growth ; hysteresis ; fruit maturation ; vapor pressure deficit (VPD) ; chilling requirement (CR) ; floral bud ; dormancy ; microsporogenesis ; relative growth rate (RGR) ; BBCH scale ; biological control ; cycad ; Cycas micronesica ; invasion biology ; gene silencing ; Huanglongbing ; sweet orange ; crop protection ; sustainability ; Capsicum annuum L. ; functional food ; pepper pre-breeding ; horticulture ; sensory analysis ; root development ; root morphology ; abiotic stress ; growth regulators ; biostimulants ; plant choice ; Capparis spinosa ; seed propagation ; vegetative propagation ; in vitro propagation ; Mediterranean basin ; crystals ; microscopy ; mycorrhizal fungi ; orchids ; suspensor ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: This book compiles research on Enterobacterales characterization concerning the presence of genes associated with virulence (adhesins; surface cellulose structures and curli; siderophores, e.g., enterobactin, aerobactin, and yersiniabactin; protectines; invasins or toxins), and, furthermore, bacterial-biofilm-associated phenotypes. Although not directly involved in pathogenicity, the acquisition of multiple antibiotic resistances strongly supports the success of opportunistic Enterobacterales pathogens in invasion, survival, and spread and markedly complicates the treatment of infections. Not only pathogens, but also commensal bacteria, considered harmless and part of the normal microbiota, are exposed to selection pressure and can be a reservoir of mobile genetic elements carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria within a commensal population and the possibility to exchange genetic material through horizontal gene transfer may represent a major health concern.
    Keywords: E. coli ; dogs ; antimicrobial resistance ; biofilm ; phylogenetic groups ; Escherichia coli ; β-lactamase ; plasmid ; CTX-M-1 ; IncI1-ST3 ; ExPEC ; STEC ; pathogenic potential ; phylogenetic grouping ; PCR ; K1 antigen ; virulence ; maternal-fetal infection ; antibiotic susceptibility testing ; resistance to antimicrobial agents ; ompF ; Cronobacter sakazakii ; LPS ; biofilm formation ; adhesion/invasion ; Klebsiella ; rpoB ; siderophores ; biofilms ; antibiotic resistance ; bacteriocins ; urinary tract infection ; UPEC morphotypes ; UPEC virulence ; Salmonella enterica ; CRISPR-Cas9 ; sdiA ; ssaV ; pathogenesis ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint presents some recent results from applying original analytical methods to the most renowned hive matrices. Particular consideration was given to methods devoted to the attribution of the origin of honey and propolis, but also studies dealing with the chemical characterization of honey and other hive matrices are here reported. Attention has also been paid to the use of optimized methods of elemental analysis in several hive products for quality and safety purposes, but also for environmental biomonitoring. The treatment of the data was often achieved through multivariate analysis methods, which made it possible to obtain reliable classifications of honeys and propolis according to their botanic or geographical origin.
    Keywords: propolis ; poplar ; HPLC–Q-Exactive-Orbitrap®–MS analysis ; phenolic glycerides ; essential and non-essential nutrients ; nucleosides ; honey composition ; uridine ; neuropharmacological activities ; filtered honey ; botanical origin ; fluorescence spectrometry ; antioxidant activity ; spectrum–effect relationships ; cluster analysis ; principal component analysis ; multiple linear regression analysis ; sample preparation ; trace element ; toxic element ; spectroanalytical technique ; biomonitoring ; bee pollen ; ascorbic acid ; total ascorbic acids ; dehydroascorbic acid ; HILIC ; honey discrimination ; strawberry-tree ; thistle ; eucalyptus ; asphodel ; attenuated total reflectance ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; bee products ; multielemental analysis ; ICP-MS ; ICP-OES ; inorganic contaminants ; heavy metals ; honey ; quality standards ; protein ; amylase ; acid phosphatase ; native PAGE ; royal jelly ; proteins ; ProteoMinerTM ; MALDI-TOF-MS ; proteomics ; beehive product ; unedone ; bitter taste ; strawberry tree honey ; LC-ESI/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS ; PCA ; PLS ; aroma composition ; sugar content ; QDA profile ; HMF ; furanic aldehydes ; furanic acids ; homogentisic acid ; cyclic voltammetry ; square wave voltammetry ; RP-HPLC ; bees ; beehive products ; cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry ; toxic metal ; trace elements ; toxic elements ; geographical origin ; strawberry tree ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This Special Issue aims to provide new insights into the issue of the mercury contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This ubiquitous contaminant has been used by humans for many years, resulting in global contamination. When this toxic contaminant is converted to methylmercury, it accumulates in trophic chains, which is a major issue for wildlife and human health. The nine articles contained within this Special Issue on ‘‘Mercury and Methylmercury Contamination of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems’’ endeavour to identify the historical evolution of Hg and MeHg levels in aquatic environments, and to evaluate the impact of current and historical human activities, such as mining, climate change, and soil erosion, on receptor ecosystems and food chains.
    Keywords: Cytotoxicity ; erythrocytes ; methylmercury ; malondialdehyde ; in vitro ; superoxide dismutase ; mercury ; PQMI ; Palawan ; abandoned mines ; mine wastes ; sediments ; mussel ; mussel watch ; Mytilus ; St. Lawrence ; sediment ; water ; SPM ; gold mining ; French Guiana ; monomethylmercury ; water–sediment interface ; diel and seasonal cycles ; photodegradation ; particulate mercury ; suspended particulate matter ; particulate organic carbon ; Amazon rainforest ; mammoth fauna mammals ; hair ; environmental changes ; paleoclimate ; Pleistocene ; Yakutia ; lakes ; wet deposition ; ecological restoration ; mercury mobility ; microbial activities ; biogeochemistry ; gold mining activities ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
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  • 172
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: This Special Issue brings together some interconnected topics related to fungi and plants such as biodiversity, taxonomy, conservation, molecular phylogeny, ecology, and plant–fungal interactions. Additionally, some applied aspects are covered, such as phytoremediation, the improvement of spinach growth by biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bio-friendly solutions for waste reduction, the accumulation of rare-earth elements by wild edible mushrooms, etc.
    Keywords: 1 new taxon ; Agaricomycetes ; Basidiomycota ; biodiversity ; climate change ; Inocybaceae ; taxonomy ; spinach ; biochar ; AMF ; plant growth ; root morphological traits ; chlorophyll content ; soil enzymes and microbial biomass ; boletes ; morphology ; phylogeny ; new taxa ; DNA metabarcoding ; phylogenetic structure ; habitat filtering ; molecular phylogeny ; fungal ecology ; multi-gene phylogeny ; plant pathogen ; soil-borne fungi ; tree disease ; ascomycetous yeast ; distribution ; new species ; Wickerhamomyces ; mushrooms ; trace elements ; rare earth elements ; urban soils ; forest ; Boletales ; bolete diversity ; biogeography ; mycorrhizal fungi ; metal(loid)s pollution ; soil ; plants ; waste ; recyclable substrates ; oyster fungi ; antioxidants ; phenolic compounds ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 173
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This Special Issue includes original research and reviews of the literature focusing on food labels, which are a tool to promote public health that, at the same time, may represent a marketing tool and may influence consumers’ perception of food quality.
    Keywords: nutritional labelling ; food choices ; comprehension ; perception ; Dutch consumers ; food policies ; front-of-pack nutrition label ; traffic light ; health star ; Nutri-Score ; reference intake ; warning label ; serving size ; portion size ; food labeling ; nutrition facts label ; back of pack ; front of pack ; health framing ; breakfast cereals ; food labelling ; nutrition declaration ; nutritional quality ; gluten free ; nutrition and health claims ; salt information ; salt content ; salt label ; sodium label ; sodium information ; nutritional information ; nutritional labeling ; salt information use ; nutrition knowledge ; nutrition facts ; food cue reactivity ; sugar ; eye tracking ; priming ; color ; nutrition facts panel ; food label ; consumer behavior ; food decision making ; food packaging ; food choice ; nutrition ; front-of-pack labelling ; health star rating ; nutrition labelling ; consumer perception ; qualitative research ; nutrition labeling ; food processing ; nutrition policy ; Spain ; food analysis ; dietary sugars ; reformulation ; organic food ; health food ; nutrient content claims ; health claims ; nutrient profile ; menu labeling ; food and nutrition policy ; restaurant chains ; energy ; obesity ; quality carbohydrate ; dietary fibre ; whole grains ; glycemic index ; latent class modeling ; traditional meat product, mangalica sausage ; online nutrition intervention ; theory of planned behavior ; nutrition labels ; consumer attitude ; perceived healthiness ; product attributes ; healthy food ; consumer choice ; extra virgin olive oil ; hedonic price model ; country of origin ; energy density ; children ; food supply ; front-of-pack label ; discretionary ; entomophagy ; insect-based foods ; edible insects ; food sustainability ; perception of food ; novel food ; disgust ; neophobia ; variety seeking ; food technology neophobia ; consumer studies ; behavior ; labelling ; carbohydrate quality ; ICQC ; consensus ; food label use ; front-of-package (FOP) labels ; back-of-package (BOP) labels ; nutrition claims ; choice experiment ; willingness to pay (WTP) ; consumers’ preferences ; sustainability label ; nutrition and health claim ; fish species ; allergen labelling ; Latin America ; packaged food products ; supermarket circulars ; ultra-processed ; pasta ; nutritional composition ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Overall, the 19 contributions in this Special Issue “Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions” discuss the various aspects of salt stress responses in plants. It also discusses various mechanisms and approaches to conferring salt tolerance on plants. These types of research studies provide further directions in the development of crop plants for the saline environment in the era of climate change.
    Keywords: CPA gene family ; RsNHX1 ; over-expression ; virus-induced gene silence ; salt resistance ; radish ; 14-3-3 gene family ; Triticum aestivum L. ; bioinformatics analysis ; salt tolerance ; protein-protein interactions ; Populus simonii × P. nigra ; PsnNAC036 ; transcription factor ; salt stress ; HT tolerance ; ion transport ; osmotic homeostasis ; hormone mediation ; cell wall regulation ; salt adaptation ; proteomics ; microtubules ; tubulin ; phenolic metabolites ; lemon balm ; chlorophyll fluorescence ; medicinal plants ; secondary metabolites ; abiotic elicitors ; salinity ; betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (BADH1) ; domestication ; cultivated rice ; wild rice ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; RNA-seq analysis ; differentially expressed genes ; tolerance ; candidate genes ; C3–CAM intermediate ; common ice plant ; Mesembryanthemum crystallinum ; osmotic stress ; abiotic stress ; antioxidant defense ; climate change ; hydrogen peroxide ; lipid peroxidation ; oxidative stress ; phytohormones ; stress signaling ; mulberry ; TMT proteomics ; phenylpropanoid metabolism ; apoplast ; functional screening ; Hordeum vulgare ; seedling ; halophyte species ; NADPH oxidases ; NOX ; respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOH gene expression ; saline adaptations ; C2H2 zinc finger protein ; heterologous expression ; Millettia pinnata ; thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) ; bolTLP1 ; broccoli ; drought stress ; antioxidants ; carbohydrates ; carotenoids ; xanthophyll cycle ; osmoprotectants ; ROS-scavengers ; α-/γ-tocopherols ; quantitative trait locus (QTL) ; association analysis ; marker-assisted selection (MAS) ; rice (Oryza sativa L.) ; hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase gene ; melatonin ; ROS ; ABA ; ion homeostasis ; amino acids ; Malus domestica ; calcium ; calcineurin B-like proteins ; Na+ accumulation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Innovations in Food Systems should be: Inclusive: ensuring economic and social inclusion for all food system actors, especially smallholders, women, and youth; Sustainable: minimizing negative environmental impacts, conserving scarce natural resources, and strengthening resiliency against future shocks; Efficient: producing adequate quantities of food for global needs while minimizing postharvest loss and consumer waste; Nutritious and healthy: enabling the consumption of a diverse range of healthy, nutritious, and safe foods. These are ambitious goals that will require multidisciplinary effort—from engineering to life sciences, biotechnology, medical sciences, social sciences, and economic sciences. New technologies and scientific discoveries are the solutions to the increasing demand for sufficient, safe, healthy, and sustainable foods influenced by the increased public awareness of their importance.
    Keywords: cook–chill technology ; foods ; packaging ; shelf-life ; sustainability ; food industry ; big data ; application prospect ; sustainable development ; dairy products ; territoriality ; safety perception ; intention to buy ; multi-group analyses ; olive mill wastewater ; polyphenols ; antioxidant features ; tara gum ; pudding ; rheological properties ; entomophagy ; novel food ; mealworm ; grasshopper ; cricket ; locust ; acceptance ; alternative protein ; neophobia ; smart data ; search engine concept ; search engine visualisation ; interoperability ; food supply chain ; food safety ; nutritional quality ; traceability ; authenticity ; food transparency ; white pigment ; E171 alternative ; layered double hydroxides ; casein ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; sustainability index ; seafood ; fisheries resources ; vulnerable marine ecosystem ; environmental change ; conservation ; Mediterranean ; alternative food networks (AFNs) ; human needs ; food sovereignty ; Civil Economy (CE) ; Economy for the Common Good (ECG) ; agri-food supply chain ; quality safety ; price compensation ; market demand ; cost-sharing contracts ; EVOO ; antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties ; health claim ; human studies ; n/a ; emotions ; neuromarketing ; traditional cheese ; agri-food products ; jellyfish ; safety ; quality ; nutritional traits ; organic calcium salts ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Mammalian ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters constitute a superfamily of proteins involved in many essential cellular processes. Most of these transporters are transmembrane proteins and allow the active transport of solutes, small molecules, and lipids across biological membranes. On the one hand, some of these transporters are involved in drug resistance (also referred to as MDR or multidrug resistance), a process known to be a major brake in most anticancer treatments, and the medical challenge is thus to specifically inhibit their function. On the other hand, molecular defects in some of these ABC transporters are correlated with several rare human diseases, the most well-documented of which being cystic fibrosis, which is caused by genetic variations in ABCC7/CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). In the latter case, the goal is to rescue the function of the deficient transporters using various means, such as targeted pharmacotherapies and cell or gene therapy. The aim of this Special Issue, “ABC Transporters in Human Diseases”, is to present, through original articles and reviews, the state-of-the-art of our current knowledge about the role of ABC transporters in human diseases and the proposed therapeutic options based on studies ranging from cell and animal models to patients.
    Keywords: ABC transporters ; drug action ; regulatory extension ; regulatory insertion ; mechanism of action ; MRP1 ; MRP4 ; breast cancer ; proliferation ; migration ; invasion ; cAMP ; ABCG2 ; ABCB1 ; blood-brain barrier ; PET ; Alzheimer’s disease ; beta-amyloid ; tariquidar ; erlotinib ; ABCG5 ; ABCG8 ; ATP-binding cassette transporter ; cholesterol ; polar relay ; sitosterolemia ; 5′ untranslated region ; cis-acting elements ; ABCA subfamily ; bioinformatics ; ABC transporter ; therapy response ; disease-free survival ; next-generation sequencing ; competitive allele-specific PCR ; P-glycoprotein ; amyloid-beta ; neuron ; SK-N-SH ; gene therapy ; AAV ; PFIC ; BSEP ; ABCB11 ; bile salts ; intrahepatic cholestasis ; chaperones ; PFIC2 ; BRIC ; ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) ; cholesterol homeostasis ; reverse cholesterol transport ; HDL-C ; dyslipidemia ; type 2 diabetes ; microparticles ; ABCG2 genotype ; clinico-genetic analysis ; ethnic specificity ; genetic variations ; precision medicine ; rare variant ; Roma ; serum uric acid ; SUA-lowering therapy ; urate transporter ; bile secretion ; ABCB4 ; ABCC2 ; ABCG5/G8 ; molecular partners ; phytosterol ; xenosterol ; atherosclerosis ; gall stone ; ABC ; transporter ; ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters ; multidrug resistance ; transport ; trafficking ; urate ; mutations ; polymorphisms ; ABCC6 ; TNAP ; NT5E ; Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) ; cancer ; membrane protein ; functional divergence ; calcification ; pseudoxanthoma elasticum ; generalized arterial calcification of infancy ; pyrophosphate ; therapies ; ABCA7 ; phagocytosis ; Aβ peptides ; yeast ; multidrug transporter ; anticancer ; antifungal resistance ; mechanism ; peroxisome ; adrenoleukodystrophy ; fatty acids ; gout ; early-onset gout ; hyperuricemia ; uric acid ; BCRP ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; SNP ; homology modeling ; substrate-binding site ; cellular ATP efflux ; mutagenesis ; intracellular traffic ; MDR3 ; phosphatidylcholine ; RAB GTPase ; taxol ; drug transport ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: The transition to 100% renewable energy in the future is one of the most important ways of achieving "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" and of reducing the adverse effects of climate change. In this process, the safe, stable and economical operation of renewable energy generation systems, represented by hydro-, wind and solar power, is particularly important, and has naturally become a key concern for researchers and engineers. Therefore, this book focuses on the fundamental and applied research on the modeling, control, monitoring and diagnosis of renewable energy generation systems, especially hydropower energy systems, and aims to provide some theoretical reference for researchers, power generation departments or government agencies.
    Keywords: doubly-fed variable-speed pumped storage ; Hopf bifurcation ; stability analysis ; parameter sensitivity ; pumped storage unit ; degradation trend prediction ; maximal information coefficient ; light gradient boosting machine ; variational mode decomposition ; gated recurrent unit ; high proportional renewable power system ; active power ; change point detection ; maximum information coefficient ; cosine similarity ; anomaly detection ; thermal-hydraulic characteristics ; hydraulic oil viscosity ; hydraulic PTO ; wave energy converter ; pumped storage units ; pressure pulsation ; noise reduction ; sparrow search algorithm ; hybrid system ; facility agriculture ; chaotic particle swarms method ; operation strategy ; stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) ; power yield ; seasonal price ; reliability ; cascaded reservoirs ; doubly-fed variable speed pumped storage power station ; nonlinear modeling ; nonlinear pump turbine characteristics ; pumped storage units (PSUs) ; successive start-up ; ‘S’ characteristics ; low water head conditions ; multi-objective optimization ; fractional order PID controller (FOPID) ; hydropower units ; comprehensive deterioration index ; long and short-term neural network ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; approximate entropy ; 1D–3D coupling model ; transition stability ; sensitivity analysis ; hydro power ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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  • 178
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Many agricultural crops worldwide suffer from zinc (Zn) deficiency. Despite widespread interest in Zn, plant professionals often lack current information on this indispensable essential mineral nutrient. G. Hacisalihoglu, PhD, in Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants, and a host of recognized experts address this gap with the up-to-date importance of Zn nutrition. This book examines research aimed at understanding how plants uptake and utilize Zn. It has been peer-reviewed and multi-authored by expert plant biology scientists with related expertise. The editor provides a comprehensive overview of zinc (Zn) nutrition in plants, seeds, roots, and soil, which renders this book a good reference for plant biology professionals. Agricultural sustainability in the time of the growing world population will be one of the major challenges in the next 30 plus years. Zn is one of the most important essential mineral nutrients required for metabolic processes, so a shortage of Zn constrains crop yield and quality worldwide. Zinc efficiency and higher growth and yield under low Zn supply make it a promising sustainable solution for developing cultivars that are zinc efficient. Several articles are included in this book that provide an overview of current developments and trends in the times of high-throughput genomics and phenomics data analysis. Furthermore, this book presents research findings in various experimental models and areas ranging from maize to alfalfa, flax, and sorghum.Unraveling the Mechanisms of Zinc Efficiency in Crop Plants is a must read for researchers and plant biology professionals.
    Keywords: zinc ; sustainability ; food security ; seed quality ; zinc efficiency ; staple foods ; crops ; functional genomics ; homeostasis ; hormonal regulation ; iron ; maize ; malnutrition ; photosynthesis ; Adsorption ; desorption ; landscape position ; isotherm ; plant available Zn ; bioindication ; bryophytes ; moss ; cell shape ; particulate matter ; biofortification ; micronutrients ; nutrient uptake ; plant nutrition ; ZIP transporters ; nicotianamine ; metal tolerance protein (MTP) ; yellow stripe-like protein (YSL) ; zinc-induced facilitators (ZIF) ; heavy metal transporters (HMA) ; sodium selenate ; zinc sulfate ; cereal ; rainfed conditions ; forage yield ; 65Zn ; soil ; soil solution ; barley ; lability ; specific activity ; potential buffer capacity ; forms ; labile zinc pool ; silicon ; Zn-deficiency ; Zn-sufficiency ; Zn re-fertilization ; n/a ; nutrient dense ; superfood ; multi minerals ; health benefits ; gluten free ; percent daily value ; elevated CO2 ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this reprint presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on the Energy Internet, blockchain technology and smart contracts, we hope that they will be of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above.
    Keywords: constant power load ; microgrid ; dynamic stability ; optimization ; PLL ; power-sharing control ; solid oxide fuel cell ; parameter identification ; backstepping control ; event-triggered control ; Lyapunov stability theorem ; networked control system ; nonlinear system ; autonomous driving vehicles ; vehicular communication ; intelligent driver model ; data-driven control model ; 3PL logistics ; decision making ; ARAS ; entropy ; CRITIC ; maximum power point tracking ; photovoltaic system ; partial shading conditions ; surface-based polynomial fitting ; Differential Evolution ; metaheuristic algorithms ; DC–DC converter ; islanding detection ; local islanding ; remote islanding ; signal processing ; hybrid microgrids ; renewable energies ; energy management ; electricity system ; vibration control ; dynamic vibration absorbers ; aerial vehicles ; quadrotor ; motion tracking control ; autonomous power system ; generating power consumer ; hydroelectric power plant ; optimal power consumption ; wind power plant ; solar photovoltaic power plant ; energy storage ; microgrids ; university campus ; battery energy storage ; renewable energy ; simulation ; optimal behavioral modeling ; automotive ; low-dropout linear voltage regulator ; power supply rejection ratio ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Semiconductor lasers are key components in many optical systems due to their advantages, including their small size, low cost, high efficiency, and low power consumption. It is well-known that semiconductor lasers under external perturbations, such as optical injection, optical feedback, or delayed coupling can exhibit a large variety of complex dynamical behaviors. Nowadays, cutting-edge engineering applications based on the complex dynamics of diode lasers are being conducted in areas, such as optical communications, optical signal processing, encoded communications, neuro-inspired ultra-fast optical computing devices, microwave signal generation, RADAR and LIDAR applications, biomedical imaging, and broadband spectroscopy. The prospects for these applications are even more exciting with the advent of photonic integrated circuits. This Special Issue focuses on theoretical and experimental advances in the nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers subject to different types of external perturbations.
    Keywords: spin-VCSELs ; laser arrays ; laser dynamics ; spin flip model ; coupled lasers ; optoelectronics ; OLED ; laser ; organic laser diode ; nonlinear dynamics ; quantum dot lasers ; optical feedback ; chaotic ; linewidth enhancement factor (LEF) ; interband cascade laser ; mid-infrared chaos ; semiconductor laser ; optical phase ; gain-switching ; spontaneous emission noise ; quantum random number generation ; semiconductor lasers ; mutual coupling ; asymmetric coupling strength ; symmetry breaking ; narrow-linewidth lasers ; laser stability ; long delay ; injection-locking ; noise ; simulation ; pulsation ; chaos ; optical injection ; excitability ; neuromorphic dynamics ; modulation ; locking ; low-frequency fluctuations ; optical frequency comb ; polarization switching ; VCSEL ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics
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  • 181
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: To meet the global food demand of an increasing population, food production has to be increased by 60% by 2050. The main production constraints, such as climate change, biotic stresses, abiotic stresses, soil nutrition deficiency problems, problematic soils, etc., have to be addressed on an urgent basis. More than 50% of human calories are from three major cereals: rice, wheat, and maize. The harnessing of genetic diversity by novel allele mining assisted by recent advances in biotechnological and bioinformatics tools will enhance the utilization of the hidden treasures in the gene bank. Technological advances in plant breeding will provide some solutions for the biofortification, stress resistance, yield potential, and quality improvement in staple crops. The elucidation of the genetic, physiological, and molecular basis of useful traits and the improvement of the improved donors containing multiple traits are key activities for variety development. High-throughput genotyping systems assisted by bioinformatics and data science provide efficient and easy tools for geneticists and breeders. Recently, new breeding techniques applied in some food crops have become game-changers in the global food crop market. With this background, we invited 18 eminent researchers working on food crops from across the world to contribute their high-quality original research manuscripts. The research studies covered modern food crop genetics and breeding.
    Keywords: dry direct-seeded rice ; early vigor ; QTL ; candidate gene ; phenotyping ; EMS ; MutMap ; mutagenesis ; CLE7 ; tropical maize ; fasciation ; mapping ; radish ; microspore culture ; regeneration rate ; outcrossing ; two-way pseudo-testcross model ; Oryza sativa L. ; PPDK ; flo4-5 ; floury endosperm ; rice ; allelopathy ; yield ; HYV ; Tongil ; indica ; japonica ; SNP ; molecular breeding ; wheat quality ; wheat milling ; wheat hardness ; puroindolines ; water absorption capacity ; crop genetics ; Solanum tuberosum ; abiotic stress ; phenylpropanoids ; essential amino acid ; transcriptome ; small RNA ; comparative genomics ; nutrition ; days to heading ; Hd1 ; Ghd7 ; Hd16 ; chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) ; quantitative trait locus (QTL) ; marker-assisted selection (MAS) ; cold tolerance (CT) ; gene editing ; genetically modified ; genetically modified organism (GMO) ; crop breeding ; ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) ; genetic screening ; landraces ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; West Africa ; maize improvement ; DArTseq markers ; co-expression network ; drought-tolerant-yield ; reproductive-stage drought ; qDTYs ; transcriptomics ; watermelon ; pentatricopeptide-repeat (PPR) gene family ; comprehensive analysis ; expression profiling ; flesh color ; canola ; Brassica napus ; genetics ; gene technology ; genomics ; disease resistance ; CSSLs ; drought stress ; ‘KDML105’ rice ; low-temperature germinability ; interspecific cross ; interaction ; peanut ; core collection ; genome-wide association study ; linkage disequilibrium ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 182
    Publication Date: 2023-05-10
    Description: This reprint focuses on exploring new developments in both pure and applied mathematics as a result of fractional behaviour. It covers the range of ongoing activities in the context of fractional calculus by offering alternate viewpoints, workable solutions, new derivatives, and methods to solve real-world problems. It is impossible to deny that fractional behaviour exists in nature. Any phenomenon that has a pulse, rhythm, or pattern appears to be a fractal. The 17 papers that were published and are part of this volume provide credence to that claim. A variety of topics illustrate the use of fractional calculus in a range of disciplines and offer sufficient coverage to pique every reader's attention.
    Keywords: bessel function ; harmonically convex function ; non-singular function involving kernel fractional operator ; Hadamard inequality ; Fejér–Hadamard inequality ; Elzaki transform ; Caputo fractional derivative ; AB-fractional operator ; new iterative transform method ; Fisher’s equation ; Hukuhara difference ; Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative operator ; Mittag–Leffler kernel ; Fornberg–Whitham equation ; fractional div-curl systems ; Helmholtz decomposition theorem ; Riemann–Liouville derivative ; Caputo derivative ; fractional vector operators ; weighted (k,s) fractional integral operator ; weighted (k,s) fractional derivative ; weighted generalized Laplace transform ; fractional kinetic equation ; typhoid fever disease ; vaccination ; model calibration ; asymptotic stability ; fixed point theory ; nonlinear models ; efficiency index ; computational cost ; Halley’s method ; basin of attraction ; computational order of convergence ; Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative ; thermostat modeling ; Caputo–Hadamard fractional integral ; hybrid Caputo–Hadamard fractional differential equation and inclusion ; prey-predator model ; boundedness ; period-doubling bifurcation ; Neimark-Sacker bifurcation ; hybrid control ; fractal dimensions ; cubic B-splines ; trigonometric cubic B-splines ; extended cubic B-splines ; Caputo–Fabrizio derivative ; Cattaneo equation ; Hermite-Hadamard-type inequalities ; Hilfer fractional derivative ; Hölder’s inequality ; fractional-order differential equations ; operational matrices ; shifted Vieta–Lucas polynomials ; Adomian decomposition method ; system of Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations ; Caputo-Fabrizio derivative ; Yang transform ; ϑ-Caputo derivative ; extremal solutions ; monotone iterative method ; sequences ; convex ; exponential convex ; fractional ; quantum ; inequalities ; Gould-Hopper-Laguerre-Sheffer matrix polynomials ; quasi-monomiality ; umbral calculus ; fractional calculus ; Euler’s integral of gamma functions ; beta function ; generalized hypergeometric series ; operational methods ; delta function ; Riemann zeta-function ; fractional transforms ; Fox–Wright-function ; generalized fractional kinetic equation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The Special Issue “Atmospheric Heavy Metal and Nitrogen Deposition Using Mosses as Biomonitors” includes a collection of papers related on aspects of passive moss biomonitoring of air quality in various regions of the world regarding the pollution sources of potentially toxic elements, heavy metal air pollution in the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic, trends in element atmospheric deposition, and relevance for ecological integrity and human health. Most of the studies were carried out in the framework of the International Cooperative Program on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
    Keywords: air pollution ; moss ; potentially toxic metals ; Macedonia ; biomonitoring ; COVID-19 ; metals ; industry ; moss survey ; bryophytes ; atmospheric deposition ; heavy metals ; neutron activation analysis ; biomonitors ; PTE ; temporal change ; atmospheric pollution ; deposition ; heavy metal ; bioaccumulation ; critical loads ; deposition forests ; chemical transport modelling ; geographic information system ; mapping ; moss biomonitoring ; trace elements ; atomic absorption spectrometry ; multivariate statistics ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TQ Environmental science, engineering & technology::TQK Pollution control
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  • 184
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: More than 700 species of bacteria are involved in the oral cavity. Specific pathogenic bacteria have been focused on as pathogenic bacteria for oral disease: dental caries and periodontal disease. However, these pathogenic bacteria occupy a tiny fraction of the overall oral microbiome. A high throughput genomic analysis system was developed. This technology innovation enables analysis of the whole bacteria. It is hypothesized that disturbance of the oral microbiome, so-called dysbiosis, leads to the development of some diseases. This book provides knowledge concerning recent advances in the oral microbiome for researchers as well as dental clinicians.
    Keywords: oral microbiome ; core microbiome ; centenarian ; next-generation sequencing ; pyrosequencing ; elderly ; black stain ; oral microbiota ; Neisseria ; Porphyromonas ; Streptococcus ; Molar-incisor malformation ; complication ; microbiome ; pathogenesis ; localized tooth-related periodontitis ; periodontitis ; Down syndrome ; polymerase chain reaction ; microbiota ; gingivitis ; silver diamine fluoride ; SDF ; silver fluoride ; AgF ; biofilm ; plaque ; early childhood caries ; core microbiota ; Streptococcus mutans ; biofilms ; demineralization ; oral disease ; systemic disease ; genome-wide analysis ; personalized medicine ; next generation sequence ; clinical application ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 185
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Satisfying the increasing number of consumer demands for high-quality seeds with enhanced performance is one of the most imperative challenges of modern agriculture. In this view, it is essential to remember that the seed quality of crops does not improve.
    Keywords: fluorescent tracer ; systemic uptake ; soybean ; in vivo imaging system (IVIS) ; containerized transplants ; humic acids ; relative growth rate (RGR) ; specific root length (SRL) ; heat and drought stresses ; heatmaps ; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp ; seed health ; spectroscopy ; Solanum lycopersicum L. ; crop establishment ; potassium nitrate ; seed quality ; field emergence ; low phytic acid ; seed treatment ; seed enhancement ; seed dressing ; seed coating ; film coat ; pellet ; organic agriculture ; baby leaf hemp ; cultivar selection ; sowing density ; seed-size distribution ; corn ; seed acquisition of desiccation tolerance ; oil-bodies migration ; physiological maturity ; tissue lipophilicity ; coumarin ; piperonyl amides ; Brassica oleracea ; blindness ; multispectral ; chlorophyll content ; seed respiration ; seed vigor ; spinach ; Zn priming ; multispectral imaging ; Zn localization ; abiotic stress ; fruit morphology ; near-infrared ; pericarp ; testa ; seed coat ; seed testing ; image analysis ; chemometrics ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
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  • 186
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: The galactic cosmic–ray spectrum extends over 14 orders of magnitudes in energy and about 12 orders of magnitude in intensity, and it can be studied using two different methods: via the “direct detection” of the primary cosmic rays in space or at high altitude and via the “indirect detection” of secondary particles, namely the extensive air showers produced by a primary cosmic–ray particle impinging the atmosphere. In this Special Issue, both direct and indirect measurements are presented via from various experiments. Emphasis is placed on low-energy electrons and protons that are detected in flight as well as during geomagnetic storms. As for indirect detection, the muon flux determination and modulation at ground level are described in great detail. Some of the most interesting results are hereby presented, and a couple of new techniques in cosmic–ray detection are reported.
    Keywords: cosmic rays ; Extensive Air Showers ; particle detectors ; Cosmic Ray Ensembles ; ionosphere ; ELF/VLF waves ; energetic electron precipitations ; storm-time feature ; CSES ; trapped particles ; South Atlantic Anomaly ; AE9/AP9/SPM models ; radiation belts ; Poisson data ; time series ; quasi-Gaussian filter ; digital filtering ; optimization ; global minimization ; annealing simulation algorithm ; space weather ; geomagnetic storms ; LEO satellites ; digital gamma-rays spectrometer ; cosmic veto ; active shield ; muons ; muon flux periodicity ; atmospheric neutrons ; radiation dose ; passengers and flight crew ; ultrathin calorimeter ; direct measurements ; energy reconstruction ; PAMELA ; shower development universality ; cosmic ray physics ; multi-messenger astrophysics ; extensive air showers ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 187
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Galectins are a family of soluble beta-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. There are sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes, and their expression profiles are very different between cell types, tissues, and species. This Special Issue covers recent progress in the field of the cell biology of galectins, relevant concepts of galectin regulatory mechanisms, and biomedical aspects of these unique multifunctional proteins.
    Keywords: galectin-7 ; p53 ; MMP-9 ; cancer ; gain-of-function ; vasculature ; gene expression ; tube formation ; sprouting ; VEGF ; integrins ; galectin ; extracellular matrix ; microenvironment ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; YopP ; Galectin-1 ; nitric oxide ; macrophages ; epithelial tissues ; apoptosis ; targeting ; inhibitors ; β-hairpin ; β-sandwich ; blood group B ; lectin ; sugar code ; LGALS16 ; placenta ; brain tissues ; cell differentiation ; transcription factor ; miRNA ; galectin-3 ; cardiac fibrosis ; heart failure ; atrial fibrillation ; chronic inflammation ; MMPs ; microRNAs ; lncRNAs ; pectin ; structure and function ; bioactive polysaccharides ; galectin-3 inhibition ; galacto-oligosaccharides ; galectins ; intestinal epithelial cells ; β-3′galactosyllactose ; immunomodulation ; mucosal immunity ; O-GlcNAc ; unconventional secretion ; extraembryonic endoderm ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 188
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: This Special Issue collects novel contributions from scientists in the interdisciplinary field of biomolecular evolution. Works listed here use information theoretical concepts as a core but are tightly integrated with the study of molecular processes. Applications include the analysis of phylogenetic signals to elucidate biomolecular structure and function, the study and quantification of structural dynamics and allostery, as well as models of molecular interaction specificity inspired by evolutionary cues.
    Keywords: power law ; Brownian process ; Kolmogorov complexity ; entropy ; chaos ; monofractal ; non-linear ; cumulative sum ; sequence analysis ; protein engineering ; direct coupling analysis ; evolutionary coupling analysis ; contact prediction ; phylogenetic bias ; phylogeny ; co-evolution ; coevolutionary analysis ; direct-coupling analysis ; specificity determining contacts ; sequence reweighting ; maximum entropy models ; protein contact predictions ; TEM-1 ; TOHO-1 ; PBP-A ; DD-transpeptidase ; conformational changes ; catalytic mechanism ; evolution ; epistasis ; allostery ; elastic network model ; protein conformational dynamics ; statistical inference ; mutational phenotypes ; interaction specificity ; phosphorylation ; fitness landscape ; bacterial signaling ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 189
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-24
    Description: Honey bee pathogens are spread worldwide and are strongly related to the decline of honey bee populations, which has severe implications for beekeeping, honey production and ecology. Honey bee pathogens are continuously studied by researchers with the aim to better understand the host­–parasite relationship of these pathogens and the effects that they have on bee colonies. Honey bee pathogens include bacteria (i.e., Melissococcus plutonius and Paenibacillus larvae), microsporidia (i.e., Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae), fungi (i.e., Ascosphaera apis), protozoa (i.e., Lotmaria passim, Crithidia bombi and Crithidia mellificae) and viruses (i.e., ABPV, CBPV, IAPV, KBV, DWV, BQCV and SBV). All of these pathogens are able to infect other bee species; infections would have important implications for their life cycles (e.g., Osmia sp. and Bombus sp.) or cause unknown epidemiological effects for other hymenopterans. In addition, old and new invasive pests (such as Varroa destructor, Aethina tumida, Vespa velutina, etc.) necessitate more studies to define their role as possible vectors or possible sources of infection for honey bees. For these reasons, knowledge on honey bee pathogens has become a matter of public interest and is connected with the critical role of honey bee health. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore honey bee pathogens, considering any aspect in relation to host–pathogen interaction and highlighting the possible interaction and spillover with other bee species and invasive pests, through a series of research articles that focus on different aspects of pathologies.
    Keywords: sacbrood virus ; sacbrood disease ; Apis cerana ; Apis mellifera ; microsporidia ; nosemosis control ; phytotherapy ; 16S rDNA gene ; honey bee ; small hive beetle ; invasive pest ; trypanosomatids ; honey bee virus ; deformed wing virus ; Kashmir bee virus ; replicative virus ; strand-specific RT-PCR ; 16S rRNA ; ITR2 ; NGS ; Nosema apis ; Nosema ceranae ; Nosema bombi ; Acarapis woodi ; Trypanosomatida ; Crithidia spp. ; neogregarines ; Apicystis spp. ; antropocene ; insectageddon ; urban area ; urban environment ; bee biology ; Varroa destructor ; treatment ; predictive model ; beekeeping ; decision-making tool ; Apis dorsata ; chito-oligosaccharide ; propolis ; Bombus spp. ; honeybee viruses ; black queen cell virus ; acute bee paralysis virus ; chronic bee paralysis virus ; genetic characterization ; sequencing ; transmission routes ; hypopharyngeal glands ; flight muscles ; honeybee immunity ; honeybee pathology ; bumblebees ; honeybees ; viruses ; Nosema spp. ; Crithidia bombi ; Apicystis bombi ; Lotmaria passim ; pathogens transmission ; honey bees ; acaricides ; pesticides ; toxic unit ; bee viruses ; tau-fluvalinate ; coumaphos ; bees ; population decline ; plant protection ; soil ; risk ; GIS ; spillover ; inter-species transmission ; honey bee diseases ; pathogens ; virus ; bacteria ; Nosema ; wild bees ; arthropods ; Hymenoptera ; nosemosis ; Vairimorpha ceranae ; nisin ; Saccharomyces sp. ; acetic acid ; para-coumaric acid ; gut microbiota ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 190
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-08-12
    Description: Graphene is a two-dimensional, one-atom-thick material made entirely of carbon atoms, arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Because of its distinctive mechanical (e.g., high strength and flexibility) and electronic (great electrical and thermal conductivities) properties, graphene is an ideal candidate in myriad applications. Thus, it has just begun to be engineered in electronics, photonics, biomedicine, and polymer-based composites, to name a few. The broad family of graphene nanomaterials (including graphene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, and many more) go beyond and aim higher than mere single-layer (‘pristine’) graphene, and thus, their potential has sparked the current Special Issue. In it, 18 contributions (comprising 14 research articles and 4 reviews) have portrayed probably the most interesting lines as regards future and tangible uses of graphene derivatives. Ultimately, understanding the properties of the graphene family of nanomaterials is crucial for developing advanced applications to solve important challenges in critical areas such as energy and health.
    Keywords: graphene oxide ; electrochemical synthesis ; oxidation level ; exfoliation degree ; morphology ; interlayer spacing ; surface defects ; electrical resistance ; graphene ; mass production ; shear exfoliation ; physical exfoliation ; superlattice ; 2d materials ; electrocatalytic ; modified graphene nanoplates ; graphene additives ; antifriction ; engine lubricant oil additives ; antiwear ; carbon nanofibers ; reduced graphene oxide nanofibers ; hydrothermal reduction ; capacitance ; amine ; cryogel ; CO2 capture ; sol-gel ; silico-phosphate composite films ; optical limiting functionality ; ultrashort laser pulses ; carbon nanotubes ; hot-filament CVD ; field electron emission ; laser machining ; nanotechnology ; graphene-derived materials ; mud cake ; rheology ; effect of nanocomposites ; fluid loss ; water-based drilling fluids ; cement composite ; characterization ; rheological ; application ; energy harvesting ; α-lipoic acid ; UV-VIS spectroscopy ; SERS spectroscopy ; thermal properties ; electrical properties ; strain sensing ; joule heating ; reduced graphene oxide ; tissue regeneration ; 2D-scaffolds ; hydrogels ; fibers ; stem cell differentiation ; cadmium sulphide ; PVK ; hybrid light-emitting device ; electroluminescence ; nanocrystals ; graphite ; few-layer graphene ; Raman ; TEM ; UV-vis ; Lorentzian fitting ; nanocellulose ; conductive inks ; liquid-phase processing ; film fabrication ; sustainability ; metal-free electrodes ; graphyne-like materials ; synthesis and doping ; electronic and magnetic properties ; electronic transport ; photodetectors ; reduce graphene oxide ; dyes ; heavy metals ; pollutant removal ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
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  • 191
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Dietary fat quality is a crucial determinant of several physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in the body, tissues and cells. As a source of energy, Fatty Acids (FA) are mainly stored in fat cells and within lipid droplets (LD) in oxidative and steroidogenic tissues, but significant amounts are also found in cell membranes where their structural role is crucial for membrane protein functions and the control of cellular functions. Differential effects have been identified between different types FA on inflammatory and metabolic diseases during obesity or in response to physical exercise and chronic diseases. The most recent dietary guidelines advise that lipids should represent 35% of the daily energy intake in order to prevent deleterious effects of high glycaemic index carbohydrates and deficiency in essential fatty acids. Hence, the prevalence of obesity could rise dramatically despite a fall in total fat intake. Advice is more focused on the improvement of the quality of fat than on the reduction of total fat intake. Dietary fat sources provide a mixture of saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA) and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA). Most institutional dietary guidelines claim that the consumption of SFA should be limited to the expense of MUFA and PUFA as a nutritional strategy for the prevention of chronic diseases. The role of dietary SFA and MUFA in cardiometabolic risk remains controversial in the scientific community. This special issue was proposed to publish articles that bring new elements into the topic by collecting recent advances for students and professionals involved in lipid and health.
    Keywords: adipose tissue ; caloric restriction ; high-fat diet ; nonhuman primates ; obesity ; transcriptome ; western-style diet ; olive oil ; aminopeptidase activity ; renin–angiotensin-system ; heart ; fatty acids ; cell membrane ; sphingolipids ; phospholipids ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; cholesterol ; insulin signaling ; mitochondria ; brain ; inflammation ; JNK ; insulin receptor ; genomics ; microvascular ; dementia ; hyperlipidemia ; Western diet ; males ; preadipocyte ; TLR4 ; free fatty acid ; ageing ; muscle mass ; dietary fats ; macronutrients ; isocaloric substitution ; muscle strength ; physical activity ; metabolic syndrome ; metabolism ; type 2 diabetes ; insulin resistance ; rodent models of type 2 diabetes ; microRNA ; liver ; omega 3 fatty acids ; high fat diet ; intermittent fasting ; GFAP ; proteomics ; saturated fatty acids ; cardiac muscle ; omega-6/omega-3 ratio ; monounsaturated fatty acids ; purified high-fat diets ; endothelial dysfunction ; nitric oxide ; vascular remodeling ; arterial stiffness ; collagen ; fiber ; inulin ; lipid ; microbiota ; HFD ; SFA ; omega-3 PUFA ; omega-6 PUFA ; nutriproteomics ; 2DE ; MALDI TOF/TOF ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFC Cultural studies::JFCV Food & society
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  • 192
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: This reprint focuses on new trends in photo-electrocatalysis, specifically addressed to the remediation of wastewater and energy production. The remediation of wastewater, up to a level that is acceptable for discharge into receiving waterbodies, involves an ever-growing demand of energy, so effective and low-energy treatment processes are highly desirable. Among the other treatments, photo- and photo-electrochemical treatment processes may be considered as advanced oxidation processes (AOP), which are based on the generation of OH radicals, strong oxidizing agents able to indiscriminately degrade even the most persistent organic compounds. Photocatalysis and photo-electrocatalysis can be considered as effective methods for organic degradation, especially when the semiconductor is active in the range of visible light. Several results are presented on new morphologies and structures, which allow more photoactive, visibly responsive, and stable materials, as well as studies on combined processes in which photo- or photo-electrochemistry contribute to an increase in the sustainability of the whole process, lowering costs and achieving the most valuable final products. In view of the circular economy concept, microbial fuel cell systems are also considered as possible way to recover energy from organic pollutants contained in wastewater.
    Keywords: composite ; polymethylmethacrylate ; photocatalytic oxidation ; titanium dioxide ; tetracycline ; ethanol ; photocatalysis ; silver(II) oxide ; mechanical mixture ; in situ deposition ; hydrogen evolution ; Anodic oxidation ; diamond electrodes ; UV irradiation ; ultrasounds ; amoxicillin ; ampicillin ; Composite catalysts ; synergy effect ; solar energy ; wastewater remediation ; photoelectrocatalysis ; TiO2 nanostructures ; Au nanoparticles ; water splitting ; bisphenol A oxidation ; ZnFe2O4 ; degree of inversion ; cation distribution ; photoelectrochemical activity ; porous nickel ; selective corrosion ; hydrogen evolution reaction ; metal sulfides ; H2 production ; photocatalyst ; facet effect ; light trapping ; crystal size ; non-precious metal catalysts ; Cu–B alloy ; microbial fuel cell ; cathode ; environmental engineering ; oxygen electrode ; renewable energy sources ; graphitic carbon nitride ; H2 generation ; Ni–Co catalyst ; electricity production ; advanced oxidation processes ; azo dye ; sustainable resources ; niobium ; water reuse ; water treatment ; AOPs ; zinc oxide ; nanoclusters ; UVA ; visible light ; photocatalytic reduction ; CO2 ; TiO2 photocatalysts ; surface modification ; solar fuel ; magnetron sputtering ; titanium dioxide (TiO2) film ; photocatalytic activity ; metal and non-metal doping ; optical properties ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 193
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: A compilation of papers presenting original research results in the areas of organic, inorganic, organometallic, solid state and theoretical chemistry with a common theme of the use of X-ray diffraction to solve chemical problems.
    Keywords: molecular magnetism ; supramolecular chemistry ; heterometallic clusters ; magnetometry ; EPR spectroscopy ; N-Substituted Benzamides ; Woollins’ reagent ; selenation reagent ; reduction reagent ; single crystal X-ray structures ; DFT ; 3d metal complex ; benchmark ; hydricity ; 2D Cu-MOF ; square grid structure ; Click reaction ; Knoevenagel reaction ; green chemistry ; titanium(IV) oxo-clusters ; band gap modification ; multinuclear NMR ; ESI-MS studies ; photoluminescence ; perophoramidine ; natural product ; Claisen rearrangement ; indoloquinoline ; intramolecular cyclization ; X-ray structure ; isothiourea ; ammonium enolate ; aryloxide ; quinone methide ; ester functionalization ; 1,6-conjugate addition ; layered perovskite ; bandgap tuning ; azetidinium ; Ruddlesden–Popper ; structure-property relations ; amide groups ; isomers ; late-transition metals ; P-ligands ; phenols ; secondary interactions ; single crystal X-ray crystallography ; MOF ; calcium MOF ; electrochemistry ; scXRD ; VTXRD ; bioMOF ; bond activation ; low oxidation state complexes ; magnesium ; metallacycles ; ring system ; X-ray crystallography ; peri-substitution ; arsenic ; organophosphorus ; pnictine ; PDS ; PELDOR ; DEER ; nitroxide spin label ; Comparative DEER Analyzer ; mtsslSuite ; MMM ; oxazoline ; Wittig rearrangement ; thiophene ; thieno[2,3-c]pyrrolone ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry::PNN Organic chemistry
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  • 194
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: Aquaculture is an important economic activity for food production all around the world that has experienced an exponential growth during the last few decades. However, several weaknesses and bottlenecks still need to be addressed in order to improve the aquaculture productive system. The recent fast development of the omics technologies has provided scientists with meaningful tools to elucidate the molecular basis of their research interests. This reprint compiles different works about the use of transcriptomics and genomics technologies in different aspects of the aquaculture research, such as immunity, stress response, development, sexual dimorphism, among others, in a variety of fish and shellfish, and even in turtles. Different transcriptome (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)), genome (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)), and metatranscriptome analyses were conducted to unravel those different aspects of interest.
    Keywords: RNA-Seq ; lncRNAs ; Dicentrarchus labrax ; viral infection ; nodavirus ; immune response ; fish ; T lymphocytes ; infection ; malnutrition ; inflammation ; aquaculture ; histopathology ; immunohistochemistry ; enteromyxosis ; Philasterides dicentrarchi ; turbot ; transcriptomics ; Chinese mitten crab ; Eriocheir sinensis ; transportome ; transporters ; salinity ; osmoregulation ; transcriptome ; meta-analysis ; gills ; short pentraxins ; c-reactive protein ; zebrafish ; transcript expression ; antiviral ; SVCV ; rag1 mutants ; skin ; mucosal immunity ; hypoxia ; hypo-metabolic state ; growth ; swimming performance ; metabolic landmarks ; muscle transcriptome ; glycolysis ; lipid metabolism ; protein turnover ; gilthead sea bream ; hepatopancreas necrosis disease ; metatranscriptomics sequencing ; hepatopancreatic flora ; teleost ; B cells ; single cell transcriptomics ; immunoglobulins ; immune markers ; transcription factors ; long non-coding RNAs ; hepatic transcript expression ; salmon ; microarray ; omega-6/omega-3 ratio ; nutrigenomics ; fatty acids ; liver ; muscle ; Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ; sexual size dimorphism ; polyploid size dimorphism ; comparative transcriptome ; gene expression ; edible red sea urchin ; Loxechinus albus ; RNA-seq ; reference transcriptome ; Chinese soft-shelled turtle ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; hemorrhagic sepsis ; molecular immunopathogenesis ; tripartite motif proteins ; B30.2 domain ; antiviral immunity ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; grass carp reovirus ; metamorphosis ; brain ; RNA ; sequencing ; intermuscular bone ; development ; Megalobrama amblycephala ; Oreochromis niloticus ; histological structure ; Atlantic salmon ; smoltification ; genome ; mRNAs ; miRNAs ; sox family genes ; Pelodiscus sinensis ; estradiol ; pseudo-female ; sex-related ; heterosis ; heterobeltiosis ; environment ; transgressive genes ; conserved miRNA ; high-throughput sequencing ; lumpfish ; novel miRNA ; RT-qPCR ; heat shock protein ; co-chaperon network ; salinity-alkalinity adaptation ; molecular evolution ; Lateolabrax maculatus ; genomics ; stress response ; HPI-axis ; neuroendocrine-immune interaction ; common carp ; poly-unsaturated fatty acid ; fatty acid elongase ; association study ; genomic selection ; bulked segregant analysis ; SNP ; association analysis ; joint effect ; seawater adaptation ; microRNAs ; small-RNA sequencing ; microarray transcriptome ; European seabass ; chronic inflammation ; opioid receptors ; immune status ; whole-transcriptome sequencing ; sex differentiation ; non-coding RNAs ; ceRNA ; red cusk-eel ; thermal stress ; liver transcriptome ; oxidative damage ; protein folding ; hepatic enzymes ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAF Fisheries & related industries
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  • 195
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: The book “Integrated human exposure to air pollution” aimed to increase knowledge about human exposure in different micro-environments, or when citizens are performing specific tasks, to demonstrate methodologies for the understanding of pollution sources and their impact on indoor and ambient air quality, and, ultimately, to identify the most effective mitigation measures to decrease human exposure and protect public health. Taking advantage of the latest available tools, such as internet of things (IoT), low-cost sensors and a wide access to online platforms and apps by the citizens, new methodologies and approaches can be implemented to understand which factors can influence human exposure to air pollution. This knowledge, when made available to the citizens, along with the awareness of the impact of air pollution on human life and earth systems, can empower them to act, individually or collectively, to promote behavioral changes aiming to reduce pollutants’ emissions. Overall, this book gathers fourteen innovative studies that provide new insights regarding these important topics within the scope of human exposure to air pollution. A total of five main areas were discussed and explored within this book and, hopefully, can contribute to the advance of knowledge in this field.
    Keywords: Personal Air Pollution Exposure (PAPE) ; air pollution monitoring ; IoT ; Air Quality Decision Support System ; health impact ; air pollution ; public concern ; air quality index ; Baidu index ; Shanghai ; air quality ; crowd-sensing ; crowd-sourced sensing ; environmental analysis ; pollution ; particulate matter ; dust sensor ; human exposure ; Arduino ; wireless networks ; oxides ; traffic ; state space ; milan ; area b ; cross validation ; policy intervention analysis ; counter-factual ; unobservable components ; PM2.5 ; population exposure ; tier-models ; health burden misclassification ; BenMap-CE ; tuberculosis ; infectious disease ; time-series ; Poisson regression ; kriging ; road dust ; PM10 emission factors ; enrichment index ; human health risk ; atmospheric aerosols ; bioaerosols ; culturable bacteria ; long-term trends ; hazard for human ; indoor air quality ; e-cigarettes ; heat-not-burn tobacco ; traditional smoking products ; tobacco smoke ; passenger cars ; lung inflammation ; allergy ; indoor pollutants ; biomarkers ; FeNO ; eosinophil ; neutrophil ; fine particulate matter ; economic growth ; urbanization ; industrialization ; Granger causality test ; air pollutants ; monitoring ; seasonality ; chemical characterization ; source apportionment ; particulate matters (PM) ; air purifier ; experiment ; real-time monitoring unit ; transfer unit ; occupant ; breathing zone ; cooking fuel ; household air pollution ; preterm births ; perinatal mortality ; low birth weight ; stillbirth ; Nigeria ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
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  • 196
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Particle physics is a science about the symmetries of our world. The Standard Model is the fundamental theory of microworld. Particle dynamics in the Standard Model obeys strict symmetry laws with explicit experimental consequences. Priority problems of particle physics based on the Standard Model are more accurate theoretical predictions, experimental measurements and data analysis, proof of existence or non-existence of supersymmetry, top quark properties, Higgs boson, exotic quark states, and physics of neutrinos. In this collection of articles, many of these problems are discussed. We recommend this book for students, graduate students, and scientists working in the field of high energy physics.
    Keywords: exotic states ; confined covariant quark model ; strong and radiative decays ; strong interaction ; high energy ; multiparticle production ; multiplicity ; transverse momentum ; forward-backward correlations ; long-range rapidity correlations ; translation invariance in rapidity ; quark-gluon strings ; string fusion ; high energy physics ; electron–positron annihilation ; forward–backward asymmetry ; left–right asymmetry ; top quark ; pair production ; charge asymmetry ; neutrino oscillations in matter ; rephasing invariant ; neutrino absorption ; quasi-Dirac ; neutrino oscillation ; Majorana neutrino mass ; neutrinoless double beta decay ; gravity ; relocalization ; topology ; boundary ; poles ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 197
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-05-06
    Description: Consumers in the EU and beyond are increasingly concerned about the impact of pesticides on the environment and human health. In the context of EU phytosanitary and environmental policies, the common EU challenge is to reduce dependence on chemicals, improve food quality and increase the potential for developing more bio-based production systems. Therefore, novel control methods and new strategies that reduce the current dependence on insecticides need to be developed, applied and disseminated among stakeholders. As a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture, integrated pest management (IPM) aims to improve farmers' practices to achieve higher profits while improving environmental quality. Implementing the principles of IPM in agricultural production requires new and up-to-date knowledge generated by science and accepted by farmers. In this Special Issue, we focus on recent advances and methods for IPM in field crops. It contains eight original research articles and two review articles dealing with different aspects of IPM in some of the major field crops: Potato, Maize, Soybean, Sugar Beet, Barley, Rice, Eggplant and Quinoa as well as farmer education issues on IPM. The studies published refer to all the basic principles of IPM and give examples of their implementation in different crops and cropping systems. Research on various aspects of the implementation of IPM in crop production is a continuous need. The research presented helps to provide a mosaic picture with examples of how crop-specific, site-specific and knowledge-intensive IPM practices should be considered and translated into workable practices.
    Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda ; farmers’ knowledge ; perception ; pest management practices ; maize yield losses ; damage severity ; fall armyworm ; sugar beet ; degradation ; residues ; neonicotinoids ; imidacloprid ; thiamethoxam ; malt barley ; barley net blotch ; barley leaf scald ; nitrogen rate ; genotype ; crop residues ; biodiversity ; biopesticides ; conventional insecticides ; crop farming ; ecosystem health ; environmental protection ; insect ecology ; natural enemies ; pest control ; sustainable agriculture ; quinoa ; Eurysacca melanocampta ; Macrosiphum euphorbiae ; Liriomyza huidobrensis ; Frankliniella occidentalis ; IPM ; Peru ; antibiosis ; antixenosis ; tolerance ; eggplant cultivars ; green peach aphid ; alien pest ; Italy ; Oryza sativa ; phytosanitary measures ; rice root-knot nematode ; trap crop technique ; upland rice cultivation ; click beetle ; crop damage ; integrated pest management ; risk assessment ; pest monitoring ; biocontrol ; landscape feature ; habitat manipulation ; companion plant ; mutual fund ; soybean ; pre-sowing soil activities ; soil fauna ; ground beetles ; dominance ; frequency ; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera ; Bt toxins ; resistance ; geometric morphometrics ; SNPs ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-10-25
    Description: The book largely reflect the structural diversity of echinoderm metabolites including triterpene glycosides and fucosylated chondroitin sulfates, as well as branched fatty acids, di- and triacylglycerols and other lipid classes from the sea cucumbers, polyhydroxysteroids from starfish and different classes of sphingolipids from sea cucumbers and starfish. Finally, the MS-based metabolomic approach, which is very helpful for the estimation of such diversity, is discussed. The materials from the Special Issue also illustrate the biomedical potential of the presented metabolites as cytotoxins and anticoagulants. The in silico approach broadens the possibilities to investigate the mechanisms of the action of membranolytic compounds.
    Keywords: diacylglycerol ether ; 1-O-alkylglyceryl ether ; nutraceutical oils ; bêche-de-mer ; sea cucumber ; Bohadschia argus ; Holothuria (Theelothuria) spinifera ; fucosylated chondroitinsulfates ; fucan sulfates ; anticoagulant activity ; disulfated steroids ; NMR spectra ; starfish ; Pteraster marsippus ; cytotoxic activity ; 3D culture ; Psolus chitonoides ; triterpene glycosides ; chitonoidosides ;   triterpene glycosides ; membranolytic action ; hemolytic ; molecular dynamic simulation ; Thyonidium kurilensis ; kurilosides ; polyhydroxysteroids ; steroid glycosides ; lipids ; mass spectrometry ; metabolomics ; metabolomic profiling ; sphingolipids ; ceramides ; cerebrosides ; gangliosides ; sialic acid ; Asteroidea ; Holothuroidea ; biological activity ; neuritogenic activity ;   ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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  • 199
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue was to propose, on the basis of the evidence that the current literature provides, new training techniques and specific evaluation methods for the different populations practicing physical activity.
    Keywords: balance ; fatigue ; female ; support leg ; recovery ; body composition ; BIVA ; phase angle ; R-Xc graph ; somatotype ; total body water ; vector length ; aerobic exercise ; obesity ; resistance exercise ; subjective health status ; walking ; Sarcopenia ; gait speed ; cardiorespiratory responses ; physical fitness ; older people ; exercise ; cooling ; thermal ; environment ; endurance ; EMG ; quadriceps ; gluteus maximus ; adductor longus ; weight training ; strength training ; front squat ; back squat ; feet stance ; spot reduction ; resistance training ; adipose tissue ; MENS ; oxygen consumption ; deoxyhemoglobin kinetics ; near-infrared spectroscopy ; lactate ; cycling ; countermovement jump ; sports performance ; PAP ; RM ; training ; VO2 kinetics ; muscle oxygenation ; judo ; upper body ; arm crank ; repeated sprint ability ; bioelectrical impedance ; vector analysis ; lean soft tissue ; fat mass ; muscle mass ; track and field ; sprinters ; sprint start ; block start ; block velocity ; biomechanics ; kinematics ; kinetics ; sprint running ; initial acceleration ; sprint first stance ; sprint first two steps ; field-based tests ; amputee soccer ; assessment ; disability ; impairment ; athletes ; adapted sport ; training programs ; physical activity ; effort ; patients ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-11-17
    Description: Fungal infections are an important and increasing global threat, carrying not only high morbidity and mortality rates, but also high healthcare costs. Without an effective response, it is predicted that 10 million people will die per year as a result of multi-drug-resistant pathogens. A high percentage of the mortalities caused by fungi are known to be biofilm-related.This Special Issue, “Fungal Biofilms 2020”, is intended to cover the state of fungal biofilm research, from virulence and pathogenicity, to new compounds with antibiofilm and antifungal activity. We welcome reviews and original research articles covering the development/evaluation/validation of recent studies, especially those regarding multidrug resistance.
    Keywords: biofilms ; Candida albicans ; sexual biofilms ; pheromone-induced biofilms ; mating type-like (MTL) locus ; white cell ; opaque cell ; phenotypic states ; pheromone signaling ; biofilm formation ; biofilm development ; Candida haemulonii complex ; biofilm ; extracellular matrix ; catheter ; polystyrene ; virulence ; Candida ; farnesol ; tyrosol ; therapy ; combination ; planktonic growth ; echinocandins ; caspofungin ; micafungin ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; gene expression ; high-throughput screens ; biofilm inhibition ; biofilm disruption ; antimicrobial resistance ; therapeutics ; Chembridge Small Molecule Diversity library ; Galleria mellonella ; polymicrobial biofilm ; experimental method in vivo ; Candida parapsilosis ; colony morphology ; drug susceptibility ; Streptococcus mutans ; antimicrobial agents ; antibiofilm agents ; treatment ; antifungals ; natural compounds ; essential oil ; extract ; minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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