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  • Organic Chemistry  (1,409)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (1,124)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (649)
  • Humans
  • 1980-1984  (3,768)
  • 1982  (1,813)
  • 1981  (1,955)
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  • 1980-1984  (3,768)
Year
  • 11
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    High resolution observations of magnesium II 2800 A in Alpha Centauri A - The density of interstellar magnesium II and the stellar chromospheric profiles (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: The profiles are virtually identical with the solar profiles except for the presence of an absorption feature near line center in the h and k lines of Alpha Centauri A. It is found that this absorption feature can be explained by interstellar absorption of Mg II along the line of sight. The average density of Mg II is found to be 2.75 plus or minus 0.7 x 10 to the -7th/cu cm, in good agreement with the previously determined values in the solar vicinity in the direction of Alpha CMa and Alpha Lyr.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 252
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  • 12
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    Precipitation measurements for earth-space communications: Accuracy requirements and ground-truth techniques (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: Rainfall which is regarded as one of the more important observations for the measurements of this most variable parameter was made continuously, across large areas and over the sea. Ships could not provide the needed resolution nor could available radars provide the needed breadth of coverage. Microwave observations from the Nimbus-5 satellite offered some hope. Another possibility was suggested by the results of many comparisons between rainfall and the clouds seen in satellite pictures. Sequences of pictures from the first geostationary satellites were employed and a general correspondence between rain and the convective clouds visible in satellite pictures was found. It was demonstrated that the agreement was best for growing clouds. The development methods to infer GATE rainfall from geostationary satellite images are examined.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Precipitation Meas. from Space:; 9 p
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  • 13
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    A comparison of adiabatic and kinematic vertical motions using mesoscale data (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Results are compared from the adiabatic and kinematic methods of determining vertical motion during a period of severe convective storms when special meso alpha-scale rawinsonde data were available. The two procedures were tested using data from the first regional-scale day of AVE-SESAME '79 which coincided with the Red River Valley tornado outbreak of April 10-11, 1979. At 700 mb, each technique showed good agreement with the weather patterns, but the kinematic procedure gave superior results at 500 mb. The overall goodness of the adiabatic method during this particular case was not solely due to the high-resolution SESAME data since synoptic-scale mechanisms played a major role in creating a storm-conducive environment. With the advent of computer aided analysis systems such as AFOS, forecasters will have quicker access to a greater variety of information. Present results suggest that the adiabatic method can yield useful information for severe storm forecasters, especially in the lower troposphere. An interesting follow-on study would use sounding data from geostationary VAS satellites to compute adiabatic vertical motions at finer time and space resolutions than is now possible using RAOB data alone. Geostrophic winds derived from satellite thermal data probably can be used.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 14
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    The interactive role of subsynoptic scale jet sreak and planetary boundary layer adjustments in organizing an apparently isolated convective complex (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: A mesoscale atmospheric simulation system is described that is being developed in order to improve the simulation of subsynoptic and mesoscale adjustments associated with cyclogenesis, severe storm development, and significant atmospheric transport processes. Present emphasis in model development is in the parameterization of physical processes, time-dependent boundary conditions, sophisticated initialization and analysis procedures, nested grid solutions, and applications software development. Basic characteristics of the system as of March 1982 are listed. In a case study, the Grand Island tornado outbreak of 3 June 1980 is considered in substantial detail. Results of simulations with a mesoscale atmospheric simulation system indicate that over the high plains subtle interactions between existing jet streaks and deep well mixed boundary layers can lead to well organized patterns of mesoscale divergence and pressure falls. The amplitude and positioning of these mesoscale features is a function of the subtle nonlinear interaction between the pre-existing jet-streak and deep well mixed boundary layers. Model results for the case study indicate that the model has the potential for forecasting the precursor mesoscale convective environment.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 15
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    Estimation and correction of advection effects with single and multiple, conventional and Doppler radars (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The laws of fluid motion are invariant under a Gallilean transformation. For a perfect observing system, the data analysis should, therefore, also be invariant under a Gallilean transformation. This invariance is often not preserved in practical observing systems. In this connection, it is often advisable to perform mesoscale analysis in a frame moving with respect to the earth's surface. In the present investigation the velocity of such a frame is referred to as an advection velocity. The investigation is concerned with remaining problems regarding the Gallilean transformation. The establishment of a frame of reference for the achievement of maximum coherence is considered, taking into account the case of given nonsimultaneous observations of scalars or Cartesian vectors. It is found that advection speed can be estimated objectively if a scalar or Cartesian vector can be observed directly and if, in addition, the time and position of each observation is approximately known.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 16
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    The outlook for precipitation measurements from space (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N81-31746)
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 17
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    Determination of thunderstorm heights and intensities from GOES infrared data (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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  • 18
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    An X-ray survey of supernova remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Preliminary observation results for SNRs in the LMC are presented, and the current status of programs investigating these observational data is assessed. High Resolution Imager maps indicate that the remnant diameters used in early rate calculations were systematically underestimated. A preliminary SN rate of 1/110-350 years is derived upon reconsideration of these data. It is noted that most of the remnants detected in the LMC have very soft spectra, and would be undetectable as X-ray sources at distances of 5-10 kpc in the galactic plane.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 19
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    An optimist's guide to supernovae (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: There are some hints that a satisfactory agreement between observations and models is developing in several areas of supernova research. The light curves and spectra of Type I supernovae look so much like the models that they may well have their origin in the synthesis of Ni-56 in the explosion of a compact star. Type II supernovae are found where massive stars form, have light curves that correspond to 10 to the 51st ergs suddenly deposited inside a red supergiant, and may in fact be the explosions of massive stars. Some young supernova remnants, such as Cas A, show abundance patterns that bear a striking resemblance to those seen deep inside models of massive stars on the verge of destruction. Observations of old supernova remnants provide energy estimate of 10 to the 51st ergs - just the amount needed for the models of the outbursts.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 20
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    The analysis and kinetic energy balance of an upper-level wind maximum during intense convection (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the formation and maintenance of the upper-level wind maximum which formed between 1800 and 2100 GMT, April 10, 1979, during the AVE-SESAME I period, when intense storms and tornadoes were experienced (the Red River Valley tornado outbreak). Radiosonde stations participating in AVE-SESAME I are plotted (centered on Oklahoma). National Meteorological Center radar summaries near the times of maximum convective activity are mapped, and height and isotach plots are given, where the formation of an upper-level wind maximum over Oklahoma is the most significant feature at 300 mb. The energy balance of the storm region is seen to change dramatically as the wind maximum forms. During much of its lifetime, the upper-level wind maximum is maintained by ageostrophic flow that produces cross-contour generation of kinetic energy and by the upward transport of midtropospheric energy. Two possible mechanisms for the ageostrophic flow are considered.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Format: text
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