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  • Articles  (11)
  • modelling  (11)
  • Springer  (11)
  • American Geophysical Union
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  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
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  • Articles  (11)
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  • Springer  (11)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • American Meteorological Society
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
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  • 2010-2014
  • 2000-2004  (11)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast and accurate reflectivity calculations for shaped core optical fibres (2000)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 32 (2000), S. 1245-1255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: facet reflectivity ; optical fibres ; analysis ; modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A novel scalar (i.e. paraxial) free space radiation mode method is presented for calculating the normal incidence facet reflectivity of the main guided mode of a step-index optical fibre with generally shaped smooth core. Numerical results are presented and discussed for several cases of the Nth order super-elliptical core shape, including the circular, elliptical, rectangular-type and slab limiting cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007066020238
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling of optical amplification in Er/Yb co-doped LiNbO3 waveguides (2000)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 32 (2000), S. 819-827 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Keywords: channel waveguide ; energy transfer ; Er/Yb ; lithium niobate ; modelling ; optical amplifier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optical amplification of LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ channel waveguides has been modelled in the small signal regime using the overlapping integrals method and the rate-equation formalism. It has been found that Yb3+ -sensitisation improves the pump efficiency at 980 nm and a higher gain is achievable in the high power-limit compared to singly-doped LiNbO3:Er3+ amplifiers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007066529097
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model for the internal cathodic protection of cylindrical structures by wire anodes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1053-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: cathodic protection ; current distribution ; modelling ; potential distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of a two-dimensional mathematical model of the impressed current cathodic protection (CP) system of the interior wall of a cylindrical structure was investigated. The modelled system was an axisymmetric cylindrical column filled with electrolyte with a wire anode running along its entire length and displaced from the column axis. Model inputs included anode and cathode dimensions, the anode-to-cathode distance, the electrolyte conductivity and limiting current density of oxygen reduction. A semi-analytical solution to the Laplace equation was used to compute the distribution of electrical potential. From these results, the nonuniform current density distribution was obtained to a first approximation by entering the computed values of the position-dependent cathode polarization potential into the nonlinear experimentally obtained polarization expression. The experimental electrical potential distribution compared well with that predicted by the model. Results showed the possibility of overprotection occurring in the system. The mathematical analysis was also extended to the case of a system with two wire anodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004048907948
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic modelling of direct methanol liquid feed fuel cell stacks (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 899-913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: direct methanol fuel cell ; DMFC stacks ; manifold distribution ; modelling ; pressure drop
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A model for the liquid feed, direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), based on the homogeneous two-phase flow theory and mass conservation equation, which describes the hydraulic behaviour of internally manifolded cell stacks, is presented. The model predicts the pressure drop behaviour of the anode side of an individual DMFC cell and is used to determine the channel depth and width for fast and efficient carbon dioxide removal with minimum pressure drop. The model is used to calculate flow distribution through fuel cell stack internal manifolds. The effect of inlet and outlet manifold diameters on flow distribution is also determined. Two types of manifold design are compared, reverse flow and parallel flow. An iterative numerical scheme is used to solve the differential equations for longitudinal momentum and continuity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004028921927
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On modelling molten carbonate fuel-cell cathodes by electrochemical potentials (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 1015-1021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: electrochemical potentials ; modelling ; molten carbonate porous electrodes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We derive an electrochemical-potential model for the peroxide mechanism describing the electrochemistry of a molten carbonate fuel cell cathode. The advantages of this model include elegantly combining the chemical and electrical processes, making clear the connection to the underlying reaction stoichiometry, and requiring the fewest equations consistent with that stoichiometry. The relationship between electrochemical-potential and concentration models is also discussed, along with a two-dimensional computational study of the effects of variations in electrode geometry or coefficient parameters. In particular, it is shown that the mean current density associated with a small portion of electrode may be increased by as much as a factor of five by carefully redistributing the electrolyte, and that on this scale the current density is most sensitive to the electrolyte diffusivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004003022974
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexity and Scientific Modelling (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of science 5 (2000), S. 379-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8471
    Keywords: complexity ; learning ; modelling ; noise ; simplicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract It is argued that complexity is not attributable directly to systems or processes but rather to the descriptions of their `best' models, to reflect their difficulty. Thus it is relative to the modelling language and type of difficulty. This approach to complexity is situated in a model of modelling. Such an approach makes sense of a number of aspects of scientific modelling: complexity is not situated between order and disorder; noise can be explicated by approaches to excess modelling error; and simplicity is not truth indicative but a useful heuristic when models are produced by a being with a tendency to elaborate in the face of error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011383422394
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geomagnetic Storm Effects on the Topside Ionosphere and Plasmasphere: A Compact Tutorial and New Results (2000)
    Springer
    Surveys in geophysics 21 (2000), S. 47-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0956
    Keywords: geomagnetic storms ; upper ionosphere ; plasmasphere ; modelling ; total electron content ; remote sensing ; near-earth satellite in-situ measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The coupled ionosphere–thermosphere–plasmasphere system is very complex. The study of its interrelationships during geomagnetically disturbed conditions is an especially challenging task.Significant progress has been achieved during the last few years in developing comprehensive theoretical models to describe its global behaviour.Moreover, more simple, specialized numerical modelling of some specialaspects of storm behaviour and/or regional models have contributedto the progress in this field.This paper summarizes recent developments in upper ionosphereand plasmasphere storm studies and modelling.From an observational point of view the upper ionosphere/plasmasphereregion is well reflected in radio beacon measurements providing the totalelectron content (TEC). The development of space-based radio navigation systems such as GPS offersnew opportunities to derive TEC on both regional and global scale.Combining TEC with ionosonde data enables the variability of the shape of the electron density distribution during storms to be studied.We present some examples of co-ordinated investigation,made during the CEDAR storm study intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006775125220
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Air Quality Modelling in Canada – Applications for Policy and Real-Time Prediction (2000)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 21 (2000), S. 101-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: acid rain ; photochemical smog ; ground-level ozone ; particulate matter ; modelling ; monitoring ; real-time prediction ; policy application
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Acid rain and photochemical smog are two regionalair-quality issues that have received considerableattention in the last two decades due to their harmfuleffects. Health impacts of particulate matter (PM) inthe atmosphere is another issue of concern. Sulphur dioxide emission controls were introducedin both Canada and the U.S.A. to reduceacid-deposition-related damage. While these emissionreductions have already resulted in reduced sulphatedeposition, based on results from modelling studiesmuch of southeastern Canada is still expected toexperience damaging levels of acid deposition evenafter all currently legislated emission controls arefully implemented. Moreover, there has not been acorresponding reduction in the acidity ofprecipitation. This may be attributable to aconcurrent reduction in base-cation concentration inprecipitation. Models were also developed to understand theformation, transport and diffusion of troposphericozone. The models have been used to provide policyguidance for emission control options to reduceground-level ozone to acceptable limits. In thesummer of 1997 a Canadian pilot project was initiatedto provide real-time forecasts of ground-level ozonein the southeastern part of the province of NewBrunswick in eastern Canada. With the emergence of fine Particulate Matter(PM2.5) as a health concern, efforts are underwayin Canada to develop a “unified'' regional air-qualitymodel that will address the combined impacts ofvarious pollutants in the atmosphere. In this effortthe atmosphere is viewed as a single entity where theimpacts of multiple pollutants are considered at thesame time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008169928810
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redox processes in recent sediments of the river Meuse, The Netherlands (2000)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 48 (2000), S. 217-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: diagenesis ; modelling ; organic matter ; pore water ; redox ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Pore-water concentrations of inorganic solutes were measured at four locations in a recent sedimentation area of the river Meuse in The Netherlands. The pore-water concentration profiles were interpreted using the steady state one-dimensional reaction/transport model STEADYSED1. This model explicitly accounts for the organic matter degradation pathways and secondary redox reactions. Results show that the model reproduces the measured pore-water profiles of redox species reasonably well, although significant divergence is observed for pH. The latter is due to the absence of pH buffering by CaCO3 in the model. At all locations, methanogenesis is the major pathway of organic matter degradation below 3 cm from the sediment-water interface. However, organic matter degradation rates by methanogenesis may be overestimated, because methane ebullition is not included. Differences in profiles of redox-sensitive ions among the four locations are explained by differences in depositional conditions, in particular the sediment accumulation rate and supply of organic matter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006268325889
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the Comet Nucleus Interior (2000)
    Springer
    Earth, moon and planets 89 (2000), S. 27-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Keywords: Comet C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp ; comets ; interiors ; modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Numerical simulation of the structure and evolution of a comet nucleus is reviewed both from the mathematical and from the physical point of view. Various mathematical procedures and approximations are discussed, and different attempts to model the physical characteristics of cometary material, such as thermal conductivity, or permeability to gas flow, are described. The evolution and activity of comets is shown to depend on different classes of parameters: Defining parameters, such as size and orbit, structural parameters, such as porosity and composition, and initial parameters, such as temperature and live radio isotope content. The latter are related to the formation of comets. Despite the large number of parameters, general conclusions, or common features, appear to emerge from the numerous model calculations — for different comets — performed to date. Thus, the stratified structure of comet nuclei, volatile depletion, and the role of crystallization of ice in cometary outbursts are discussed. Finally, an evolution model applied to comet C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp — using different assumptions — is described and analysed in the light of observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021577915502
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