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  • Elsevier  (404,727)
  • Oxford University Press  (33,763)
  • International Union of Crystallography  (21,036)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (18,735)
  • 2005-2009  (249,861)
  • 1995-1999  (183,874)
  • 1980-1984  (44,528)
  • 1935-1939
  • 2009  (126,880)
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Year
  • 1
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    An expanded non-Arrhenian model for silicate melt viscosity: A treatment for metaluminous, peraluminous and peralkaline liquids (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: We present new viscosity measurements for melts spanning a wide range of anhydrous compositions including: rhyolite, trachyte, moldavite, andesite, latite, pantellerite, basalt and basanite. Micropenetration and concentric cylinder viscometry measurements cover a viscosity range of 10−1 to 1012 Pas and a temperature range from 700 to 1650 °C. These new measurements, combined with other published data, provide a high-quality database comprising ∼800 experimental data on 44 well-characterized melt compositions. This database is used to recalibrate the model proposed by Giordano and Dingwell [Giordano, D., Dingwell, D. B., 2003a. Non-Arrhenian multicomponent melt viscosity: a model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 208, 337–349] for predicting the viscosity of natural silicate melts. The present contribution clearly shows that: (1) the viscosity (η)–temperature relationship of natural silicate liquids is very well represented by the VFT equation [log η=A+B/ (T−C)] over the full range of viscosity considered here, (2) the use of a constant high-T limiting value of melt viscosity (e.g., A) is fully consistent with the experimental data, (3) there are 3 different compositional suites (peralkaline, metaluminous and peraluminous) that exhibit different patterns in viscosity, (4) the viscosity of metaluminous liquids is well described by a simple mathematical expression involving the compositional parameter (SM) but the compositional dependence of viscosity for peralkaline and peraluminous melts is not fully controlled by SM. For these extreme compositions we refitted the model using a temperature-dependent parameter based on the excess of alkalies relative to alumina (e.g., AE/SM). The recalibrated model reproduces the entire database to within 5% relative error (e.g., RMSE of 0.45 logunits).
    Description: Published
    Description: 42–56
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Viscosity ; Model ; Silicate melts ; Metaluminous ; Peraluminous ; Peralkaline ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The Afragola settlement near Vesuvius, Italy: The destruction and abandonment of a Bronze Age village revealed by archaeology, volcanology and rock-magnetism (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Public works in progress in the Campanian plain north of Somma-Vesuvius recently encountered the remains of a prehistoric settlement close to the town of Afragola. Rescue excavations brought to light a Bronze Age village partially destroyed and buried by pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) of the Vesuvian Pomici di Avellino eruption (3.8 14C ka BP) and subsequently sealed by alluvial deposits. Volcanological and rockmagnetic investigations supplemented the excavations. Careful comparison between volcanological and archaeological stratigraphies led to an understanding of the timing of the damage the buildings suffered when they were struck by a series of PDCs. The first engulfed the village, located some 14 km to the north of the inferred vent, and penetrated into the dwellings without causing major damage. The buildings were able to withstand the weak dynamic pressure of the currents and deviate their path, as shown by the magnetic fabric analyses. Some later collapsed under the load of the deposits piled up by successive currents. Stepwise demagnetization of the thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) carried by potsherds embedded in the deposits yields deposition temperatures in the order of 260– 320 °C, fully consistent with those derived from pottery and lithic fragments from other distal and proximal sites. The fairly uniform temperature of the deposits is here ascribed to the lack of pervasive air entrainment into the currents. This, in turn, resulted from the lack of major topographical obstacles along the flat plain. The coupling of structural damage and sedimentological analyses indicates that the currents were not destructive in the Afragola area, but TRM data indicate they were still hot enough to cause death or severe injury to humans and animals. The successful escape of the entire population is apparent from the lack of human remains and from thousands of human footprints on the surface of the deposits left by the first PDCs. People were thus able to walk barefoot across the already emplaced deposits and escape the subsequent PDCs. The rapid cooling of the deposits was probably due to both their thinness and heat dissipation due to condensation of water vapour released in the mixture by magma–water interaction.
    Description: Published
    Description: 408–421
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: pyroclastic density current ; Bronze Age ; magnetic fabric ; deposition temperature ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Enhanced rainfall in the Western Mediterranean during deposition of sapropel S1: stalagmite evidence from Corchia cave (Central Italy) (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: A stable isotope record from a stalagmite collected from Antro del Corchia cave (Apuan Alps, Central Italy), supported by 17 uranium-series ages, indicates enhanced regional rainfall between ca 8.9 and 7.3 kyr cal. BP at the time of sapropel S1 deposition. Within this phase, the highest rainfall occurred between 7.9 and 7.4 kyr cal. BP. Comparison with different marine and lake records, and in particular with the Soreq Cave record (Israel), suggests substantial in-phase occurrence of enhanced rainfall between the Western and Eastern Mediterranean basins. There is no convincing evidence for major climatic change at the time of the “8.2 kyr event”.
    Description: Published
    Description: 279-286
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: climatic change ; olocene ; sapropel S1 ; stalagmite ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Shear-Wave Velocity Models and Seismic Sources in Campanian volcanic areas:Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-29
    Description: This chapter summarizes a comparative study of shear-wave velocity models and seismic sources in the Campanian volcanic areas of Vesuvius and Phlegraean Fields. These velocity models were obtained through the nonlinear inversion of surfacewave tomography data, using as a priori constraints the relevant information available in the literature. Local group velocity data were obtained by means of the frequency–time analysis for the time period between 0.3 and 2 s and were combined with the group velocity data for the time period between 10 and 35 s from the regional events located in the Italian peninsula and bordering areas and two station phase velocity data corresponding to the time period between 25 and 100 s. In order to invert Rayleigh wave dispersion curves, we applied the nonlinear inversion method called hedgehog and retrieved average models for the first 30–35km of the lithosphere, with the lower part of the upper mantle being kept fixed on the basis of existing regional models. A feature that is common to the two volcanic areas is a low shear velocity layer which is centered at the depth of about 10 km, while on the outside of the cone and along a path in the northeastern part of the Vesuvius area this layer is absent. This low velocity can be associated with the presence of partial melting and, therefore, may represent a quite diffused crustal magma reservoir which is fed by a deeper one that is regional in character and located in the uppermost mantle. The study of seismic source in terms of the moment tensor is suitable for an investigation of physical processes within a volcano; indeed, its components, double couple, compensated linear vector dipole, and volumetric, can be related to the movements of magma and fluids within the volcanic system. Although for many recent earthquake events the percentage of double couple component is high, our results also show the presence of significant non-double couple components in both volcanic areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 287-309
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 5
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    The effect of H2O on the viscosity of K-trachytic melts at magmatic temperatures (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: Viscosity of hydrous trachytes from the Agnano Monte Spina eruption (Phlegrean Fields, Italy) has been determined at 1.0 GPa and temperatures between 1200 and 1400 °C using the falling sphere method in a piston cylinder apparatus. The H2O content in the melts ranged from 0.18 to 5.81 wt.%. These high-temperature hydrous viscosities, along with previous ones determined at low-temperature (anhydrous and hydrous) and at high-temperature (anhydrous), at 1 atm on the same melt composition, represent the only complete viscosity data set available for K-trachyticmelts, frommagmatic to volcanic conditions.Viscosity decreases with increasing temperature andwater content in the melt.At constant temperature, viscosity appears to significantly decreasewhen the first wt.% ofH2Ois added.At H2O content higher than 3 wt.% the effect of temperature on viscosity is slight. Moreover, the deviation from Arrhenian behaviour towards greater “fragility” occurs with increasing water content. We combined low- and high-temperature viscosities (also from literature) and parameterized themby the use of a modified Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman equation, which accommodates the non-Arrhenian temperature dependence ofmelt viscosity.Moreover, in order to explore the extent to which the improved knowledge of Agnano Monte Spina trachyte viscosity may affect simulation of volcanic eruption at Phlegrean Fields, we included our viscosity models in numerical simulations of magma flow and fragmentation along volcanic conduits. These simulations show that the new parameterizations (and hence the new equations) give stronger predictions in the temperature interval relevant for magmatic and eruptive processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 124-137
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Viscosity ; Trachyte ; Falling sphere method ; Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman equation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    The viscosity of shoshonitic melts (Vulcanello Peninsula, Aeolian Islands, Italy): insight on the magma ascent in dikes (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-14
    Description: The viscosity of shoshonitic melts from Vulcanello Peninsula (Vulcano Island, Italy) is experimentally determined at temperatures between 733 K and 1673 K. The water content of the melts varies from 0.03 to 4.75 wt% H2O. The micropenetration technique is employed at ambient pressure in the high viscosity range (109-1012 Pa·s). Falling sphere(s) experiments are performed at 500 and 2000 MPa in the low viscosity range (100.5-103 Pa·s). Results show a decrease of about 2 orders of magnitude in viscosity if ~ 3 wt% of water is added to the dry melt at 1300 K. At high temperature the viscosity of Vulcanello melts is intermediate between that of andesitic and basaltic melts. In contrast, at low temperatures (≤1050 K), the shoshonitic melt is characterized by a lower viscosity with respect to the two previous melts. Based on our new data set, a calculation model is proposed to predict the viscosity of the shoshonitic melts as a function of temperature and water content. The viscosity data are used to constrain the ascent velocity of shoshonitic magmas from Vulcanello within dikes. Using petrological data (temperature and crystal content of the magma) and volcanological information (geometrical parameters of the eruptive fissure and depth of magma storage), we estimate the time scale for the ascent of magma from the main reservoir to the surface. Results show time scales in the order of hours to few days. We conclude that the rapid ascent of poorly evolved melts from Moho depths should be taken into account for the hazard assessment of Vulcano Island.
    Description: Published
    Description: 89-102
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: dikes ; ascent velocity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Helium isotopes in hydrothermal volcanic fluids of the Azores Archipelago (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: We present the first helium isotope data for thermal waters and gas emissions on the islands of Terceira, Graciosa, Faial, Pico and Flores, as well as new data for Sao Miguel. The results allow us to track current mantle degassing associated with the Azores hot spot, to delineate its spatial distribution and to discuss its possible origin. As a general rule, we find that free gases tend to display somewhat higher 3He/4He ratio than groundwaters.We argue that this difference is likely due to radiogenic helium inputs to aquifers duringwater– rock interactions and, therefore, that gas phases are the fluid carriers with the most representative of mantle source signature. The measured 3He/4He ratios (normalized to the air ratio, Ra) range from lower-than-MORB values (5.23–6.07 Ra) on central Sao Miguel, to MORB values on Faial (8.53 Ra) and Flores (8.04 Ra) – located on either side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge – and to plume-type values on Graciosa (11.2 Ra) and Terceira (13.5 Ra) where free gases also display ten times higher-than-MORB CO2/3He ratios (1.8–2.6×1010). Such a wide He isotopic range and its spatial distribution corroborate with available data for volcanic rocks, indicating that plume's head presently underlies the central part of the archipelago. The plume-type 3He/4He ratios on Terceira and Graciosa agree with geochemical and seismic evidence of a deep-rooted mantle plume feeding the Azores hot spot. Our finding that high 3He/4He ratios correspond to low 3He concentrations and high (arctype) CO2/3He values exclude a simple plume supply of 3He-rich primitive mantle. Instead, the simultaneity of both elevated CO2/3He and 3He/4He ratios is best explained by a 3He-rich contribution from the lower mantle diluted in a CO2-rich feeding plume that contains a recycled altered oceanic plate component. The alternative possibility of an enhanced time-integrated 3He/(U+Th) ratio in the Azores plume due to a greater compatibility of helium relative to U and Th during melting events is difficult to reconcile with the enriched pattern of volcanic rocks from the central islands. In any case, the Azores plume should derive from a mantle reservoir that could escape convective homogenization for a very long period of time, in agreement with subchondritic osmium isotopic ratios in volcanic rocks from the central islands of the archipelago.
    Description: Published
    Description: 70−80
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: hydrothemal fluids ; helium isotopes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Integrated stratigraphic reconstruction for the last 80 kyr in a deep sector of the Sardinia Channel (Western Mediterranean) (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A quantitative analysis of planktonic foraminifera, coupled with petrophysical and paleomagnetic measurements and 14C AMS calibrations, was carried out on a deep core recovered in the Sardinia Channel (Western Mediterranean Sea), during the CIESM Sub2 survey, providing an integrated stratigraphic time-framework over the last 80 kyr. Significant changes in the quantitative distribution of planktonic foraminifera allowed the identification of several eco-bioevents useful to accurately mark the boundaries of the eco-biozones widely recognised in the Western Mediterranean records and used for large scale correlations. Namely, 10 eco-biozones were identified based on the relative abundance of selected climate sensitive planktonic foraminiferal species. Sixteen codified eco-bioevents were correlated with the Alboran Sea planktonic foraminiferal data and four climatic global events (Sapropel S1, Younger Dryas, Greenland Isotope Interstadial 1, Greenland Isotope Stadial 2, Heinrich event H1-H6) were recognized. The eco-bioevents together with the 14C AMS calibrations allowed us to define an accurate age model, spanning between 2 and 83 kyr. The reliability of the age model was confirmed by comparing the colour reflectance (550 nm%) data of the studied record with the astronomically tuned record from the Ionian sea (ODP-Site 964). A mean sedimentation rate of about 7 cm/kyr included three turbidite event beds that were chronologically constrained within the relative low stand and lowering sea level phases of the MIS 4 and 3. The deep-sea sedimentary record includes a distinct tephra occurring at the base of the core which dates 78 ka cal. BP. The paleomagnetic data provide a well-defined record of the characteristic remanent magnetization that may be used to reconstruct the geomagnetic paleosecular variation for the Mediterranean back to 83 kyr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 725 - 737
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Integrated stratigraphy ; Late Neogene marine record ; Eco-bio-events ; Reflectance 550 nm % ; Sardinia Channel ; Western Mediterranean ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Proximal tephra hazards: Recent eruption studies applied to volcanic risk in the Auckland volcanic field, New Zealand (2007)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: Auckland, New Zealand is unique in being a metropolitan area built on an active volcanic field. Despite the small size and intensity of Auckland eruptions, the risk from tephra fall is high because of the high density of buildings and lifelines. The nature of this threat can be evaluated by comparisons with historical Strombolian and Hawaiian eruptions, which have occurred in non-populated areas. Cone-building phases of such eruptions are typically protracted, i.e., weeks to months in duration, prolonging the period during which emergency managers will have to fine tune mitigation for numerous parameters such as fluctuations in intensity and wind shifts. Rapid cone growth during future eruptions will define a region of some 30 to 100 ha where complete destruction will occur on a time scale of hours. The cost of this destruction is likely to range between NZ$200M and NZ$1.4B (ca. US$130M to US$900M). Beyond this, we have modeled the cumulative long-term effect of the build-up of a downwind blanket of lapilli and ash by estimating accumulation rates for three phases of the 1959 Kīlauea Iki eruption in Hawaii. The effect of changing wind direction was evaluated using low-level wind data from Auckland. These results show that intervals between 4 and 100 h will lapse before onset of significant damage to buildings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 138-149
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tephra hazard ; Auckland volcanic field ; cone growth ; tephra fall ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Monte Carlo technique in modeling ground motion coherence in sedimentary filled valleys (2009)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: Using a Monte Carlo method based on a random walk in ad hoc N-dimensional phase space, we construct N random time series having prescribed coherence spatial decay. We apply the method in seismology by designing a numerical experiment to investigate how the coherence of the bedrock motion relates to the coherence of the surface ground motion in a sedimentary valley. The main features of the coherence behavior in the valley are found to tie in with data analysis and field observations.
    Description: Part of the research activities have been carried out by A. Caserta, for his PhD study, in cooperation with the Charles University in Prague (Czech Republic) and in the frame of the projects GACR 205/07/0502 and MSM 0021620860.
    Description: Published
    Description: 133-138
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Coherence of seismic waves ; Monte Carlo numerical simulations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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