ALBERT

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort Einleitung Die Erde als globales System Die Bausubstanz Einleitung Die Atmosphäre Die Hydrosphäre Die Kryosphäre Die Geosphäre Die Biosphäre Kreisläufe Einleitung Der Wasserkreislauf Bio-geochemische Kreisläufe Natürliche Veränderungen Einleitung Maßgebliche Veränderungen in unterschiedlichen Zeitskalen Die Folgen der zivilisatorischen Entwicklung Signale einer gestörten Natur Einleitung Die veränderte Umwelt Das Problem der wachsenden Weltbevölkerung Die Weit von Morgen Einleitung Klimamodelle und ihre Grenzen Leben in einem Treibhaus Forschung auf der Suche nach Spuren und Lösungen Die Herausforderung an die Wissenschaft Einleitung Leitlinien für ein Programm zur Erforschung globaler Veränderungen Wissenschaft und Politik greifen die Herausforderung auf: Internationale und nationale Forschungsprogramme Einleitung Internationale Ansätze Beiträge zur Global Change Thematik im Rahmen nationaler Projekte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Quellenverzeichnis: Abbildungen

Note: TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1. The CO2-Carbonic Acid System and Solution Chemistry Basic Concepts Activity Coefficients in Solutions Influences of Temperature and Pressure The Carbonic Acid System in Seawater Calculation of the Saturation State of Seawater with Respect to Carbonate Minerals Concluding Remarks Chapter 2. Interactions Between Carbonate Minerals and Solutions Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals Basic Concepts Characteristics of Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals Solubility Behavior of Carbonate Minerals General Considerations Calcite and Aragonite Solubility Methods for the Calculation of Equilibrium Solution Composition Under Different Conditions Surface Chemistry of Carbonate Minerals Basic Principles Adsorption of Ions on Carbonate Surfaces Carbonate Dissolution and Precipitation Kinetics Basic Principles Reaction Kinetics in Simple Solutions Reaction Kinetics in Complex Solutions Concluding Remarks Chapter 3. Coprecipitation Reactions and Solid Solutions of Carbonate Minerals General Concepts Background Information Basic Chemical Considerations Coprecipitation of "Foreign" Ions in Carbonate Minerals Examples of Coprecipitation Reactions General Models for Partition Coefficients in Carbonates Magnesian Calcite General Considerations The Fundamental Problems Experimental Observations Hypothesis of a Hydrated Magnesian Calcite Stable Isotope Chemistry General Considerations Oxygen Isotopes Carbon Stable Isotopes Concluding Remarks Chapter 4. The Oceanic Carbonate System and Calcium Carbonate Accumulation in Deep Sea Sediments An Overview of Major Processes The CO2 System in Oceanic Waters The Upper Ocean The Deep Sea Saturation State of Deep Seawater with Respect to CaCO3 Sources and Sedimentation of Deep Sea Carbonates Sources Sedimentation The Distribution of CaCO3 in Deep Sea Sediments and Carbonate Lithofacies General Considerations The Distribution of CaCO3 in Surface Sediments Factors Controlling the Accumulation of Calcium Carbonate in Deep Sea Sediments General Relations Factors Leading to Variability Near Interfacial Processes Variability of Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Deep Sea Sediments with Time Influence of Glacial Times The Impact of Fossil Fuel CO2 on the Ocean-Carbonate System Concluding Remarks Chapter 5. Composition and Source of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments Introduction Shoal-Water Carbonates in Space and Time Carbonate Grains and Skeletal Parts Overview and Examples Sediment Classification Depositional Environments Concluding Statement Biomineralization General Aspects Environmental Controls on Mineralogy Stable Isotopes Coprecipitation Precipitation of Carbonates from Seawater Carbonate Chemistry of Shallow Seawater Abiotic Precipitation of CaCO3 from Seawater Sources of Aragonite Needle Muds Formation of Oöids Concluding Remarks 238 Chapter 6. Early Marine Diagenesis of Shoal-Water Carbonate Sediments Introduction Some Preliminary Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations Very Early Diagenesis Major Diagenetic Processes Pore Water Chemistry Precipitation of Early Carbonate Cements Dissolution of Carbonates Concluding Remarks Chapter 7. Early Non-Marine Diagenesis of Sedimentary Carbonates Introduction Plate-Tectonic Controls on Diagenesis General Considerations for Early Non-Marine Diagenesis Major Types of Non-Marine Environments Water Chemistry Reactivity of Sedimentary Carbonates Major Phase Transformations The Transformation of Aragonite to Calcite Dolomite Formation Summary Remarks Mass Transfer During Diagenesis General Considerations Geochemical Constraints on Mass Transfer Beachrock Formation Lithification in the Meteoric Environment Introduction The Meteoric Environment and Cement Precipitates Bermuda: A Case Study of a Meteoric Diagenetic Environment Introduction Geological Framework Limestone Chemistry and Isotopic Composition Water Chemistry Carbonate Mass Transfer A Brief Synthesis of Meteoric Diagenesis Diagenetic Stages Effect of Original Mineralogy Climatic Effects Rock-Water Relationships Mixed Meteoric-Marine Regime Concluding Remarks Chapter 8. Carbonates as Sedimentary Rocks in Subsurface Processes Introduction P,T, and X and Carbonate Mineral Stability Subsurface Water Chemistry in Sedimentary Basins Continuous Processes Pressure Solution Dolomitization Mud to Spar Neomorphism Secondary Porosity Cementation in the Subsurface Examples of "Models" of Long-Term Diagenesis The Present Ocean Setting The Present Continental Setting Concluding Remarks Chapter 9. The Current Carbon Cycle and Human Impact Introduction Modern Biogeochemical Cycle of Carbon A Model for the Cycle of Carbon Methane and Carbon Monoxide Fluxes CO2 Fluxes Human Impact on Carbon Fluxes The Fossil Fuel and Land Use Fluxes Observed Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Increase Future'Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Trends Consequences of Increased Atmospheric CO2 Levels The Oceanic System Sources of Calcium, Magnesium, and Carbon for Modern Oceans Mass Balance of Ca, Mg, and C in Present Oceans Oceanic Mass Balance of Elements Interactive with Ca, Mg, and C Concluding Remarks Chapter 10. Sedimentary Carbonates in the Evolution of Earth's Surface Environment Introduction Sedimentary Rock Mass-Age Distributions Secular Trends in Sedimentary Rock Properties Lithologic Types Chemistry and Mineralogy Carbon Cycling Modeling Introduction and Development of a Global Model Glacial-Interglacial Changes of Carbon Dioxide Long-Term Changes of Atmospheric CO2 Phanerozoic Cycling of Sedimentary Carbonates Synopsis of the Origin and Evolution of the Hydrosphere-Atmosphere-Sedimentary Lithosphere Origin of the Hydrosphere The Early Stages The Transitional Stage Modern Conditions Concluding Remarks Epilogue Introduction The Road Traveled The State of the Art Ever Onward References Index

Note: Ungezählte Beil.: Liite

Note: Chinese and English.

Note: Contents: Preface. - I. INSTRUMENT AND TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENTS OF OZONE, SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET AND CONSTITUENTS OF THE ATMOSPHERE INFLUENCING THE OZONE. MEASUREMENT RESULTS. - The set of measurements for optical observations of ozone and other constituents of the atmosphere influcencing the ozone / G. I. Kuznetzov. - Investigation of time variations of ozone / G. I. Kuznetzov. - Analytical aspects of atmospheric ozone and oxidants studies / L. N. Tchernyh, V. A. Popov, E. V. Pechennikova. - Results of the airborne measurements of total ozone and nitrogen dioxide / A. Ya. Arabov, N. F. Elansky, Yu. L. Truttse. - Rocket head design of meteorological rockets MR-12 and M-100B for measuring of optical characteristics of the upper atmosphere / N. I. Brezgin, E. A. Krohina, S. G. Linnik, A. F. Chijov, O. V. Shtirkov. - Simultaneous measurements of the vertical ozone distribution by rocket and goundbased spectrometric methods / P. F. Boychenko, N. I. Brezgin, G. I. Kuznetzov, A. F. Chijov, O. V. Shtirkov. - The apparatus and method for investigation of ozone-sensitive chemiluminescent detectors at low pressures / S. P. Perov, V. I. Konkov, V. A. Kononkov, L. A. Udonova. - On the application of the chemiluminescent method of the investigation of atmospheric ozone with the help of meteorological rocket M100-B / V. I. Konkov, S. P. Perov. - Water vapour distribution in the ozonosphere / A. V. Fedinsky, V. A. Yuskov. - Sounding rocket measurements of aerosol concentration in the atmosphere up to 90 km / T. I. Orishich. - Basic problems of automation of total ozone measurements and the results of development of automatic ozonometer / V. A. Bajenov, T. D. Jukovskaya, A. N. Otto. - Automatic calculation of the common maintance of atmospheric ozone by filter ozonometers by means of methods of analogue transformation of functions / V. A. Bajenov. - II. OZONOSPHERE CHEMISTRY. - Systems modelling of stratospheric ozone transport and photochemistry / I. L. Karol. - Numerical methods of global transport of freons in the atmosphere and assessment of their effect on ozone / I. L. Karol, V. V. Babanova, A. A. Kiselev, L. A. Romanovskaya. - The stratosphere photo-chemical model / I. G. Dyominov. - The impact of galactic cosmic rays and solar proton events upon the ozone layer / I. G. Dyominov. - Mechanism of cosmic rays effect on earth ozonosphere / P. S. Vinogradov, I. K. Larin, A. I. Poroykova, V. L. Talrose. - Qualitative estimation of some stratospheric reactions rates based on orbital symmetry conservation rules / P. S. Vinogradov, I. K. Larin, V. L. Talrose, O. A. Travina. - On starting prerequisites of mesospheric ozone photochemical theory / G. M. Martynkevich. - Studies of ozone in urban atmosphere as an indicator of photochemical processes / V. A. Popov, L. N. Tchernyh, E. V. Pechennikova. - On the use of silver thin films for measuring of atomic oxygen concentration in the upper atmosphere / S. J. Toktomishev. - On the photochemistry of ozone in the laser sounding of the stratosphere / A. P. Sukhorukov, I. M. Sizova. - Aerosols and ozone in the lower stratosphere / A. P. Bobrovsky, V. N. Ivanov, L. S. Ivlev, V. G. Sirota. - III. THE INTERELAXION OF PROCESSES IN OZONOSPHERE WITH HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA. - Spatial distribution of atmospheric ozone concentration over the USSR in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere as derived from aircraft measurements / S. V. Solonin, V. V. Osetchkin. - Variations of the total ozone content of ozone depending on the type of jet streams and their comlexes / V. G. Bakhtiyarov, L. I. Bordovskaya, B. D. Belan. - The stratospheric circulation change in spring and preceeding to it the change of total ozone field in autumn / L. A. Uranova. - Some results of the investigation of ozone vertical distribution in the atmosphere in connection with meteorological phenomena / D. V. Harchilava. - Ozone vertical profiles and the solar activity / P. F. Bojchenko, Yu. N. Rybin. - The effect of solar activity on the general circulation and thermal regime of the atmosphere / L. R. Rakipova. - Seasonal variations of total ozone in the stratospheric circumpolar vortex / V. J. Bekoryukov. - On the relation of the total amount of atmospheric ozone and the near-ground concentrations of radioactive isotopes / V. J. Lujanas, V. K. Jocius, P. K. Zinkevichus. - A certain low-governed nature of ozone, radioactive and nonradioactive aerosols and electric field intensity distribution in the lower troposphere / A. G. Amiranashvily, A. A. Aphaidze, A. Sh. Balavadze, A. G. Nodia, D. V. Harchilava. - On a certain relation between ozone content in the atmosphere and thunderstorm hail phenomena under the conditions of East Georgia / D. V. Harchilava, A. I. Kartsivadze, T. G. Gzirishvily. - On the changeobility of ozone content during the thunderstorm situation / A. I. Kartsivadze, D. V. Harchilava. - Variation of atmospheric ozone and some parameters of jet streams / N. N. Vinogradova. , In kyrill. Schr. , Zsfassungen in engl. Sprache

Note: Zugl.: Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 1990

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1 Einleitung. - 1.1 Entwicklung der Sprache FORTRAN 77. - 1.2 Erzeugung von ausführbaren Programmen. - 1.3 Bemerkungen zur Notation. - 2 Programmiertechniken. - 2.1 Programmplanung. - 2.2 Qualitätsanforderungen. - 3 Grundelemente von FORTRAN 77. - 3.1 Grundsymbole und Bezeichner. - 3.2 Aufbau eines FORTRAN 77-Programms. - 3.2.1 Aufbau einer Programmeinheit. - 3.2.2 Codierung einer Programmzeile. - 3.2.3 Beispiele zu den einzelnen Zeilenarten. - 3.3 Die Standardtypen. - 3.3.1 Der Standardtyp INTEGER. - 3.3.2 Der Standardtyp REAL. - 3.3.3 Der Standardtyp DOUBLE PRECISION. - 3.3.4 Der Standardtyp COMPLEX. - 3.3.5 Der Standardtyp LOGICAL. - 3.3.6 Der Standardtyp CHARACTER. - 3.3.7 Der Zeichenkettentyp. - 3.4 Variablen der Standardtypen. - 3.4.1 Vorbemerkungen. - 3.4.2 Vereinbarungen. - 3.4.3 Typ Vereinbarungen. - 3.4.4 Konstantendefinitionen. - 3.4.5 Vereinbarung von Feldern. - 3.5 Ausdrücke in den Standardtypen. - 3.5.1 Allgemeine Regeln zur Formelauswertung. - 3.5.2 Arithmetischer Ausdruck. - 3.5.3 Logischer Ausdruck. - 3.5.4 Zeichenkettenausdruck. - 3.5.5 Einschränkungen für die Standardfunktionen. - 3.5.6 Beispiel zur Darstellung von Ausdrücken. - 4 Elementare Anweisungen. - 4.1 Statisches und dynamisches Programmende. - 4.2 Wertzuweisungen. - 4.3 Bedingte Anweisungen. - 4.3.1 Die logische IF-Anweisung. - 4.3.2 Die Block-IF-Anweisung. - 4.4 Sprunganweisungen. - 4.4.1 Einfache Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.2 Arithmetische IF-Anweisung. - 4.4.3 Berechnete Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.4 Gesetzte Sprunganweisung. - 4.4.5 Markenzuweisung. - 4.5 Ein-/Ausgabeanweisungen. - 4.5.1 Die READ-Anweisung. - 4.5.2 Die WRITE-Anweisung. - 4.5.3 Die PRINT-Anweisung. - 4.6 Schleifen. - 4.7 Programmbeispiele. - 4.7.1 Elektrischer Widerstand eines Leiters. - 4.7.2 Impedanz einer RL-Reihenschaltung. - 4.7.3 Reihenentwicklung einer Funktion. - 4.7.4 Berechnung der Zahl e. - 4.7.5 Lösung einer quadratischen Gleichung. - 4.7.6 Berechnungen zum schiefen Wurf. - 5 Unterprogramme. - 5.1 Formelfunktionen. - 5.2 Functions. - 5.3 Subroutines. - 5.4 Bemerkungen zur Unterprogrammtechnik. - 6 Ein-/Ausgabeformate. - 6.1 Formate für numerische Daten. - 6.1.1 Formate für Variablen vom Typ INTEGER. - 6.1.2 Formate für Festpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.3 Formate für Gleitpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.4 Formate für normierte Festpunktdarstellung. - 6.1.5 Formate für Variablen vom Typ COMPLEX. - 6.2 Formate für nichtnumerische Daten. - 6.2.1 Formate für Variablen vom Typ LOGICAL. - 6.2.2 Formate für Zeichenketten. - 6.2.3 Weitere Formatierungsmöglichkeiten. - 6.3 Hinweise zu den Formatvereinbarungen. - 7 Speicherplatzverwaltung. - 7.1 Grundüberlegungen. - 7.2 Datenaustausch. - 7.3 Initialisierung von Variablen. - 7.3.1 Die DATA-Anweisung. - 7.3.2 BLOCK DATA-Programmeinheiten. - 8 Dateiverwaltung. - 8.1 Zugriff auf externe Dateien. - 8.2 Die OPEN-Anweisung. - 8.3 Die CLOSE-Anweisung. - 8.4 Schreiben und Lesen von externen Dateien. - 8.5 Positionierung sequentieller Dateien. - 8.6 Ermitteln von Dateieigenschaften. - 8.7 Interne Dateien. - 9 Ergänzungen zur Programmierung. - 9.1 Spracherweiterungen. - 9.1.1 Strukturanweisungen. - 9.1.2 Erweiterte Vereinbarungen. - 9.1.3 Sonstige Erweiterungen. - 9.1.4 Zusätzliche Functions. - 9.1.5 Zusätzliche Subroutines. - 9.2 Geplante Spracherweiterungen. - 9.3 Häufige Fehler. - 9.3.1 Fehlermeldungen des Compilers. - 9.3.2 Fehlermeldungen des Betriebssystems. - 9.4 Änderungen zu FORTRAN IV. - A Ausgewählte Beispiele. - A.1 Inversion einer Zeichenkette. - A.2 Häufigkeit eines Zeichens. - A.3 Dateistatistik. - A.4 Umwandlung von Zeichenfolgen. - A.5 Darstellung eines Funktionsgraphen. - A.6 Numerische Integration. - A.7 Sprungantwort eines PID-Reglers. - B Übersicht über die FORTRAN 77-Anweisungen.

Note: SUMARIO: Presentación. - Hidrografía al borde del hielo entre las islas Elefante y las Orcadas del Sur durante el verano austral 1988- 1989 / F. G. Figueiras y F. F. Pérez. - Hidrografía de Admiralty Bay, isla King George, Antártida, al comienzo del verano austral de 1988-1989 / R. Prego, F. F. Pérez y F. G. Figueiras. - Saruracrón de oxigeno disuelto en las aguas Investigadas durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / A. Alvarez Meneses. - Peces capturados durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / J. Matallanas. - Edad y crecimiento de Notothenia gibberifrons (Lönnberg, 1905), en Georgia del Sur / M. T. García Santamaría y E. Balguerias. - Algunos datos sobre la distribución, abundancia y biología de Patagonotothen brevicauda guntheri (Norman, 1937) en Shag Rocks / E. Balguerias y M. E. Quintero. - Dos nuevas especies de picnogónidos antárticos / T. Munilla. - Distribución espacial del Krill (Euphasia superba; Dana, 1852), obtenida durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / l. Sobrino. - Análisis de los porcentajes de hembras fecundadas de Krill (Euphasia superba; Dana, 1852), obtenidos durante la campaña "Antártida 8611" / I. Sobrino. - Primeros datos sobre la flora y vegetación liquénica de isla Livingston (islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida) / L. G. Sancho, L. Kappen y B. Schroeter. - lnvestigaciones ecofisiológicas en líquenes antárticos. Primeros datos sobre la actividad fotosintética de líquenes crustáceos "in situ" / L. Kappen, B Schroeter y L. G. Sancho. - Microclima y fotosíntesis neta de Usnea antarctica a partir de mediciones realizadas "in situ" en isla Livingston (islas Shetland del Sur, Antártida) / B. Schroeter, L. Kapen y L. G. Sancho. - Notas acerca de una colonia de nidificación de Cormoran carunculado del Antártico (Phalacrocorax atriceps) en Bahía Paraíso (península Antartrca) / J. Curt y A . Fernández Riestra. - Observación de cinco cisnes de cuello negro (Cygnus melanocoryphus) en la zona del Tratado Antártico / J. Curt. - Catálogo de ceráceos, pinnípedos y aves observados desde el buque oceanográfico "Las Palmas" durante las navegaciones efectuadas en la zona del Tratado Antártico y en sus destacamentos de las islas Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfiel (25-I-89 a 1-III-89) / J. Curt. - Foraminíferos, biofacies e hidrodinámica sedimentaria en la Antártida / G. Mateu. - Actividad antimicrobiana de un nuevo monoterpeno del Plocamium cartilagineum de la península Antártica / J. Rovirosa, L. Sánchez, Y. Palacios, J. Darías y A. San Martín. - Aspectos taxonómicos de bacterias aisladas en la isla Livingston durante la campaña 1986-1987 / N. Bozal, J. G. Loren y J. Guinea. - Observaciones de NO2 y ozono en el interíor del Vértice Polar Antártico / M. Gil, J. Cacho, L. Acedo y M. J. Sainz de Aja. - Condiciones meteorológicas del agujero del ozono en la Antártida / J. M. Cisneros. - Altos valores de humedad relativa medidos en la estratosfera antártica / J . M. Cisneros. - Aproximación al estudio de fenómenos micrometeorológicos en la isla Decepción / J . Vira, M. Ramos y M. R. Soler. - Las campañas 1987-1988, 1988-1989 al sur del mar de Brandsfield. Resultados científicos / M. Catalán. - Las campañas geodésicas 1987- 1988, 1988-1989 en las Shetland del Sur / J. Ballesteros, M. Berrocoso, M. Catalán, F. Cruz. R. Estrada. J. M. Fernández López, A. Luján, J. Muñoz, J. Sánchez del Toro, J. C. Sastre, R. Soto y J. G. Viramonte. - Las observaciones GPS en la red antártica 1988-1989. El efecto del campo gravitatorio austral en la observación de satélites / M. Catalán y M. Berrocoso. - Origen y estructura de la isla Decepción (islas Shetland del Sur) / J. Martí, A . Baraldo y J. Rey. - Geoquímica de fluidos en la isla Decepción / A. Valentin, M. Martini y J. L. Diez Gil. - Los enclaves de las rocas volcánicas de terraza Kendall y Bahía Murature, isla Decepción, Shetland del Sur. Antártida / C. Risso, A . Aparicio y J. G. Viramonte. - Anomalías térmicas y balance de flujo disipado en la isla Decepción, Shetland del Sur / M. Ramos, R. Ortiz, J. L. Diez Gil y J. G. Viramonte. - Caracterización de algunos parámetros termodinámicos del suelo del volcán Decepción (Antártida) / M. Ramos, M. Domínguez y R. Ortiz. - Temblores volcánicos en Decepción. Origen y evolución / J. Vila, A. M. Correig, R. Ortiz y J. Batlló. - Detección de una capa de baja velocidad asociada a las últimas erupciones en Decepción / J. Vila, A. M. Correig, R. Maciá y R. Ortiz. - Interpretación preliminar de un ensayo de perfil sísmico de refracción en Port Foster (isla Decepción) / R. Ortiz, R. Boloix y E. Carreño. - Actividad sísmica en el entorno de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos I (islas Livingston y Decepción) / R. Ortiz, J. Vila y J. C. Sastre. - Estudio del campo magnético en Port Foster (isla Decepción) / A. García, J. G. Viramonte, J. Vila y J. M. lbáñez. - Perfiles magnéticos sobre el sistema de fracturas del sector noroeste de Decepción / J. G. Viramonte, M Ramos, A. García, C. Suazo y J. L. Díez Gil. - Anomalías magnéticas al sur del mar de Bransfield / J. Acosta, M. Catalán, J. L. Diez, J. M Fernández López, A. García, P. Herranz, R. Ortiz y J. C. Sastre. - Tectónica reciente en los depósitos submarinos de la bahía de Depción / J. Rey, J. R. de Andrés, J. M. Fernández López y C. Palomo. - Nuevos datos de sísmica continua por reflexión sobre la evolución geodinámica reciente del margen de las Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfield / J. L. Sanz, J. Acosta y P. Herranz. - Perfiles sísmicos en las Shetland del Sur y estrecho de Bransfiel. Estructura y dinámica reciente / J. Acosta, M. Catalán, P. Herranz y J. L. Sanz. - Análisis estructural del hielo del glaciar Cazadora, cuantificación direccional de la anisotropia y predicción del drenaje subglaciar. Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Erase, l. Antigüedad y M. Taylor. - Distribución vertical de isótopos estables (Deuterio y Oxígeno-18) en el hielo del glaciar Cazadora junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad, R. Gonfiantini, L. Araguas, M Gómez Martos y J. A. López Geta. - Distribución vertical de algunos oligoelementos presentes en el glaciar Cazadora junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad. A. llarri, J. A. López Geta y M. Gómez Martos. - Análisis mineralógico y por microsonda de las cenizas volcánicas existentes junto a la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, l. Antigüedad, P. Herrero, J. Arostegui. L Eguiluz, C. Quesada y A. Sánchez. - Diferentes tipologías de aguas encontradas en la proximidad de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad, A. Eraso y R. Fernández Rubio. - Correlación entre caudales drenados y parámetros hidroquimicos en el río de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad, A. Eraso y R. Fernández Rubio. - Caracteríscicas del hidrograma en función de los datos meteorológicos y elaboración de la curva de gastos del río de la Base Antártica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla Livingston (Shetland del Sur) / l. Antigüedad. A. Eraso, A. Mangín y R. Fernández Rubió. - Anteproyecto de construcción de un azud en la albufera fósil del sexto nivel de playa existente junto a la Base Antá rtica Española Juan Carlos l. Isla livingston (Shetland del Sur) / A. Eraso, A. Sánchez de Toro, R. Fernández Rubio y J. Presa. - Instrumentación Antártica, unidad automática de adquisición de datos para aplicación general. / R. Ortiz y E. Giménez. - Instrumentación Antártica. Red Sísmica Digital / R. Ortiz y J. Vila. - Experiencias térmicas realizadas sobre el comportamiento térmico del acero en condiciones polares (Polo Norte Geográfico) / J. Aguirre, M Ramos, P. D. Sanz y A. Sigot. - Estudio de fa resistencia térmica del traje polar prototipo "CM" e , Sprache der Zusammenfassung: Englisch

Note: Contents: Introduction. - Legend. - Chapter 1. Basic Directions of Snow and Ice Thermal Physics Study. - 1. Analysis of traditional theoretical and experimental methods. - 2. New methodological point of view on the thermal physics of snow-ice masses. - 3. Conditions of initial data. - 4. Complex heat transfer within the system "space-atmosphere-earth surface". - 5. Optical and thermophysical properties of snow and ice. - Chapter 2. General Statement of the Problem of Radiative Thermophysics. - 1. Absorption and scattering of light in optical-heterogeneous media. - 2. Optical phenomenological models and parameters of radiation transfer in light-scattering media (LSM). - 3. Distribution of absorbed radiation flux in the unlimited layer of LSM. - 4. Optical models and snow and ice characteristics as LSM ones. - 5. Influence of boundary conditions upon thermal regime of lightscattering snow-ice layer. - 6. Statements of basic problems of radiative thermal physics of snow and ice. - Chapter 3. Thermal Regime of Snow-Ice Cover. - 1. Estimation of heat processes characteristics of snow-ice covers. - 2. Oscillating external sources. - 3. Radiative-conductive mechanism of snow and ice heating. - 4. Thermal regime of combined snow-ice layers. - 5. Melting in snow-ice media under conditions of radiative heat transfer. - 6. Thermo-radiative heating and balance of the upper part of active layer of antarctic snow-ice covers. - Chapter 4. The Model of Metamorphic Evolution of Snow and Ice. - 1. Influence of radiation fluxes upon icy crystals of snow cover. - 2. Mechanism of sublimation under forming of snow cover. - 3. Phenomenological picture of sublimation in snow medium. - 4. The model of radiative-thermal regime under sublimation. - 5. Thermal regime of snow and ice under conditions of evaporation and condensation. - 6. On nature of snow and ice metamorphism. - Chapter 5. Radiative Thermophysics of Snow-Ice Masses in Practical utilization. - 1. Heat regime of snow-ice cover under thermoregulative film. - 2. Influence upon surface melting of glaciers. - 3. Antarctic experiments on artificial increase of ablation. - 4. Artificial increase of ablation control. - 5. Ecological aspects of artificial increase of ablation. - 6. Cooling in polar regions. - Chapter 6. Thermophysics of Antarctic Lakes. - 1. Natural conditions of oases. - 2. Types of antarctic lakes. - 3. One-dimensional heat problem. - 4. Simplification of the model. - 5. Thermal regime of fresh and saline lakes. - 6. Phenomenon of fresh-saline stratified lakes. - 7. Stationary model including mass transfer. - 8. Thermal regime of fresh-saline lake Vanda. - Chapter 7. Space Glaciology. - 1. Ice in Solar system. - 2. Radiative thermophysics of ice under cosmic conditions. - 3. Ice of cometary nuclei. - 4. Heat-balance models of 'radiative thermophysics of cometary nuclei. - Conclusion. - References. - Index. , In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR : Wissenschaftliches Komitee für Antarktisforschung , Beilage unter dem Titel: Deutsche Mitglieder in SCAR-Gruppen = German members in SCAR Groups , Beilage unter dem Titel: Corrigendum / German Antarctic Research Report to SCAR, No. 12 - 1990 , Beilage unter dem Titel: SCAR Bulletin : No. 99, October 1990 ; Stations of SCAR nations operating in the Antarctic, winter 1990 , CONTENTS: I. National Committee for Antarctic Research, and National Operating Organization/Agency. - II. Map of Stations. - Ill. Permanent Observatories, Regular Observations and Long-term Monitoring. - IV. Report on Highlights of Science Activities from Previous Reporting Period (1 Oct. 89 - 31 March 90). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - V. List of Permits and Rationale for Entry into SPAs and SSSIs. - VI. Prospectus of Planned Activities for Coming Reporting Period (1 April 90 - 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VII. Future Activities Planned & Funded (beyond 31 March 91). - A. Biology. - B. Geodesy & Geographic Information. - C. Geology. - D. Solid Earth Geophysics. - E. Glaciology. - F. Human Biology & Medicine. - G. Atmospheric Sciences. - H. Logistics. - I. Ocean Physical Sciences. - VIII. Bibliography. - IX. List of Principal Investigators and Responsible Authorities.

Note: Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitende Übersicht 2. Nationale und internationale Zusammenarbeit 3. Forschungsarbeiten 3.1 Expeditionen 3.1.1 Arktisreise ARK V (April -August 1988) 3.1.2 Antarktisreise ANT VII (September 1988 - April 1989, EPOS: Die erste europäische Antarktisexpedition) 3.1.3 Arktisreise ARK VI (April - Juli 1989) 3.1.4 Antarktisreise ANT VII, 1-4 (August -Dezember 1989) 3.2 Arbeitsberichte der Sektionen 3.2.1 Biologie I (Zoologie) 3.2.2 Biologie II (Botanik und Mikrobiologie) 3.2.3 Chemie 3.2.4 Geologie 3.2.5 Geophysik 3.2.6 Physik des Ozeans und der Atmosphäre I (Feldstudien) 3.2.7 Physik des Ozeans und der Atmosphäre II (Modelle) 3.2.8 Meeresphysik und Meßwesen 3.3 Ausgewählte Forschungsthemen 4. Logistik 4.1 Antarktisstationen 4.2 Neubauprojekte 4.3 FS "Polarstern" und FS "Victor Hensen" 4.4 Polarflugzeuge und Hubschrauber 4.5 Allgemeine Logistik 4.6 Ingenieurprojekte 4.7 Internationale Einbindung 5. Zentrale Einrichtungen 5.1 Öffentlichkeitsarbeit 5.2 Bibliothek 5.3 Rechenzentrum 6. Personeller Aufbau und Entwicklung 6.1 Personal 6.2 Haushalt Anhang I Personal II Wissenschaftliche Veranstaltungen III Publikationen IV Veröffentlichungen V Abgeschlossene Examensarbeiten VI "Polarstern"-Expeditionen

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Chapter 1. The road and its environment Introduction General physiography Regional climate Surficial and bedrock geology Permafrost and ground ice General biota Vegetation Floristic survey Vegetation mapping Soils and mapping Chapter 2. Roadbed performance and associated investigations Roadbed investigations Roadbed performance Performance of drainage features Performance of sideslopes Conclusions from road, drainage and sideslope performance studies Fuel gas line construction Chapter 3. Distribution and properties of road dust along the northern portion of the Haul Road Introduction Methods Results of wind direction and velocity measurements Dust load and distribution Particle size analyses of dust Chemical composition properties of dust and related samples Soil cation composition Dust impacts on vegetation Discussion and conclusions Chapter 4. Revegetation and restoration investigations Introduction Revegetation approaches Alyeska erosion control and revegetation program Weeds and weedy plants Performance of revegetation Alyeska willow cutting program CRREL restoration experiments Conclusions Revegetation recommendations General report recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: General environmental guidelines applicable to subarctic and arctic road construction Appendix B: University-based studies along the Yukon River-Prudhoe Bay Haul Road Appendix C: CRREL maps of Haul Road showing locations of all study Sites Appendix D: Additional Haul Road cross-sectional profiles Appendix E: Clay mineralogy of road-related materials Appendix F: List of reports in the Joint State/Federal Fish and Wildlife Ad­visory Team series

Note: CONTENTS Introduction Literature review Objectives Materials and methods Results Observations Distribution and environmental tolerances Discussion Morphology Distribution Habitat Summary Conclusions Recommendations for future work Literature cited Appendix A Type descriptions of Acanthoecidae collected from the Weddell Sea

Note: Internetausg.: Astronomicke Observatorium Skalnate Pleso: Contributions of the Astronomical Observatory Skalnate Pleso , Erscheinungsjahr in Vorlageform:1990-

Note: Contents: CHAPTER 1 ROLE OF PROBABILITY METHODS IN POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING ; CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTS AND THEOREMS OF PROBABILITY ; CHAPTER 3 RANDOM VARIABLES ; CHAPTER 4 FUNCTIONS OF RANDOM VARIABLES ; CHAPTER 5 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES ; CHAPTER 6 DECISION ANALYSIS ; CHAPTER 7 RELIABILITY ; CHAPTER 8 PROBABILISTIC STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS ; CHAPTER 9 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION, AND REPLACEMENT ; CHAPTER 10 PROBABILISTIC LOAD-FLOW STUDIES ; CHAPTER 11 PROBABILISTIC SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS ; CHAPTER 12 PROBABILISTIC POWER SYSTEM STABILITY ; CHAPTER 13 MONTE CARLO SIMULATION ; CHAPTER 14 ELEMENTS OF ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING

Note: Aus d. Poln. übers.

Note: Table of Contents: Preface. - 1.0 Introduction. - 2.0 Geo-referenced data base. - 3.0 Polar stereographic elevation grid. - 4.0 Goid grid. - Tables. - Appendix. - References.

Note: CONTENTS Preface Nomenclature Introduction Background Field experiments Test location and test sites Test vehicles Test procedures Results CIV traction and motion resistance Wheels/trackcs vehicles traction and motion resistance Shear annulus device Accuracy and limitations of data Snow conditons Analysis Determination of snow strength parameters Traction analysis Traction model predictions Resistance analysis Resistance model predictions Conclusions and recommendations Literature cited Appendix A: Shallow snow mobility model, version 1.0 Appendix B: Test vehicle data Appendix C : Selected test data Appendix D : Snow data Appendix E: Shallow snow mobility model code, version 2.0 Abstract

Note: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG

Note: Diplomarbeit ausgeführt am Geographischen Institut der ETH Zürich, Abteilung für Naturwissenschaften

Note: In kyrillischer Schrift

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Objectives Climate Site preparation and data collection Instrumentation, measurements and calibration Relocation of measurement site, Fall 1976 Visual observations, ice conditions, and pertinent photography Analysis Air temperature comparisons Degree days of freezing Prediction of ice growth Water and ice temperature Wind Solar radiation Grand Isle ferry operations 1976-77 Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited Appendix A. General observations of ice conditions on Lake Champlain

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Zero superheat Constant phase change rate Zero sensible heat Finite sensible heat Finite superheat Quasi-steady solution Heat balance integral solution Approximate methods Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Preface Conversion factors Introduction Estimates and field measurements of ice forces on structures General Indirect estimates Direct measurements Small-scale and laboratory studies Instrumentation plan for measuring ice loads on the Yukon River Bridge Load cell development The single reaction beam system Performance of a single reaction beam load cell The double reation beam load cell Reaction beam design Stress in the beam Deflection Axial tensile stress in the reaction beam Measurement techniques Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A. Finding load magnitude and location with a single reaction beam device Appendix B. Finding load magnitude and location on a double reaction beam device

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors Introduction STARMET Test description Test results PLANEWAVE II Test description Test results DATEX II Test description Test results HANDEC II Test description Test results ROCKTEST II Test description Test results Summary and discussion Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction Experimental apparatus Experimental procedures Analysis of forces Experimental results Analysis of data Conclusions Literature cited

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Introduction Field program Results and discussion Conclusions Literature cited Appendix: Data analysis procedures

Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Velocity problem Heat and mass transfer problem - A single drop Heat and mass transfer - A system of drops Literature cited Appendix A: FORTRAN IV program to calculate final drop temperature, air temperatureand humidity