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  • Gas chromatography  (36)
  • Springer  (36)
  • 1985-1989  (21)
  • 1980-1984  (15)
  • 1985  (21)
  • 1980  (15)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1985-1989  (21)
  • 1980-1984  (15)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and gas-chromatographic analysis of the preputial glands of male nude (nu/nu) mice (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 211 (1980), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Preputial glands ; Nude mice ; Ultrastructure ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The preputial glands of male nude (nu/nu) mice were analyzed by a combination of electron microscopy and gas chromatography to determine whether or not they are affected, like developing hairs and nails, by the nu/nu genotype. Results of the analyses revealed no differences between the glands of nude and normal male mice in either their ultrastructural characteristics or lipid secretory products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233724
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible amounts of oxygen in the carrier gas as compared to sample amounts (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carrier gas purity ; Sample stability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The amount of oxygen which may be present in the gas volume corresponding to a peak is investigated and compared to the sample amounts. It is shown that even with high purity carrier gases one may have a significant excess of oxygen present at low sample amounts. Attention is drawn to the possibility of impurity build-up by diffusion e.g. through the septum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261871
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution of enantiomers and isotopic compositions by selective complexation gas chromatography on metal complexes (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Metal complexes ; Enantiomers ; Isotopic composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The high selectivity of complexation gas chromatography has been employed for enantiomer resolution and isotope separation. Thus, a chiral olefin, 3-methylcyclopentene, has been resolved analytically on optically active dicarbonyl-rhodium(I)-3-trifluoroacetyl-1R-camphorate in squalane. The deuterated ethylenes C2H4−nDn have been separated on the same rhodium(I)-containing stationary phase. The chiral aliphatic oxiranes epoxypropane andtrans-2,3-epoxybutane have been resolved on optically active nickel(II)-bis-3-trifluoroacetyl-1R-camphorate in squalane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265639
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The selective abstraction of aliphatic aldehydes by gas chromatographic stationary phases containing N,N′-disubstituted-p-phenylenediamines (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 555-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; On-column abstraction ; Aliphatic aldehydes ; Amine antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The selective on-column abstraction of aliphatic aldehydes by gas chromatographic stationary phases containing N-iso-propyl N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311859
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic determination of impurities in nitromethane (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitromethane ; Nitroalkanes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Impurities in commercially available nitromethane have been determined by gas-liquid chromatography using six different column packings. Besides nitromethane, 1-nitropropane, 2-nitropropane, acetonitrile, methanol, small amounts of ethanol and acetaldehyde have been detected. The presence of formaldehyde, ethyl acetate and acetone is probable. Mixtures containing comparable amounts of the four nitroalkanes could be separated on all columns, but plots of logarithms of the retention times vs. carbon number or boiling points of the nitroalkanes or column temperatures were linear only in case of columns packed with Porapak R and Q.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02302714
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopy and the classification of liquid stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary liquid, choice of ; Physico-chemical data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A table of data for acidity, basicity, polarity and London potential for stationary phases is given. These provide guidance in choosing a stationary phase for a given task from the 26 substances listed. The indices are calculated from infra-red shifts of 1-chlorobutane and the visible wavelength shifts of l2 when they are dissolved in the stationary phases, from NMR estimates of acidity and basicity and from relative retention data. They replace the less reliable data of Burns and Hawkes. Methods of determining the indices are suggested that require only a gas chromatograph and can be applied by technicians with no specialized understanding of solution parameters. An attempt to add electron donoracceptor indices to the table was unsuccessful. A further table is given of the slopes of the log plots d(logt′)/dC for use in extrapolating from one homologue to another on these stationary phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310386
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new adsorbent for trace level organic contaminants (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thermosorb ; Tenax GC ; Environmental Analysis ; Trace Organics ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A preliminary study has been carried out to evaluate a new adsorbent, Thermosorb, for trace level organic contaminants. For this purpose, a comparison was made with a well-characterized adsorbent, Tenax GC, using a prepared aqueous solution of trace organic components. In addition, a comparison was made of chromatograms of air contaminants obtained using both of these adsorbents, under equivalent conditions. The results clearly indicated the potential of this thermally stable, inorganic adsorbent for many trace organic substances of environmental interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269059
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the flame photometric detector in the sulphur mode (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Flame photometric detector ; Sulphur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The effect of experimental conditions such as gas flow rates, detector and column temperatures on sulphur response are discussed. It is concluded that the response of the flame photometric detector is affected by the O/H ratio and the total gas flow. Column temperature has an important influence upon S2 emission. It is shown that the sulphur response of the FPD is dependent on the compound containing the sulphur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269065
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography on 10 um silica particles (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 686-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Micropacked columns in GC ; Microparticles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Porous silica microparticles designed for modern liquid chromatography have proven effective in gas chromatography. Columns of 35–50 cm gave plate heights as low as 3.3 particle diameters and speeds of 2400 theoretical plates per second or 500 effective theoretical plates per second. Inlet pressures up to 70 atmospheres were required using hydrogen as carrier gas. The particles as received were too retentive for fast chromatography and gave asymmetric peaks. A coating of fluorosilicone oil overcame both problems. Other coatings were less effective. Bonded phases proved less satisfactory on both counts and also gave substantially less efficient columns and greater flow resistance. Column efficiency and flow resistance were sharply dependent on physical properties of the particles. The most efficient packing was clearly spherical particles of 5–10 μm diameter with narrow size distribution, pore diamters about 50 nm, BET surface areas of 25–50 m2/g and surfaces modified with trifluoropropyl silicone. A six-component hydrocarbon sample was separated in 33 s with a resolution of 4 for the most difficult pair and in 2.6 s with a minimal resolution. Performance was limited by end effects and by available pressure so that much better performance can be expected from longer columns and higher pressures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02303438
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation behaviors of xylenol isomers by gas chromatography with helps of hydrogen bonding (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 752-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Xylenol isomers ; Gas chromatography ; Polyols and polyethers as stationary phase ; Hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Xylenol isomers can be resolved on most polyols (sugars or sugar alcohols) and polyethers (polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol) with hydrogen-bonding interaction. They are separated on vinical polyols which have more hydroxy hydrogen than tetrol, and even on vicinal triol when its hydroxy hydrogen is acidic (stronger proton donor). The stronger is the hydrogen bonding interaction between xylenols and the liquid phase, the better is the separation of 2,4- and 2,5-xylenol, and the poorer the separation of 2,4-and 2,3-xylenol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265554
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of glass capillary columns (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 651-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary columns, glass ; Gas chromatography ; Column preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary column chromatography is the most rapidly growing part of gas chromatography. There are many complex new analytical tasks and they require special capillary columns. Fortunately there is a wide range of column preparation methods available, and they make the preparation of glass capillary columns a more varied job than that of packed columns. In this paper these methods are reviewed and suggestions are given for making task-oriented columns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02302470
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized equations to evaluate the gas hold-up time of chromatographic systems (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas hold-up time ; Dead time
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The two approaches used for the calculation of the gas hold-up time and thus, the adjusted retention time are outlined, first for the restricted case when the carbon numbers of the three homologues used for the calculation are evenly spaced (c3−c2=c2−c1) and then, for the general case when (c3−c2) differs from (c2−c1). The basic difference in the philosophy of the two approaches is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263058
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of the properties of liquid crystals on the film thickness and surface quality of capillary columns (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 601-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystal ; Capillary columns ; Retention data ; Stationary phase film thickness ; Column surface quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary columns were prepared from non-deactivated and deactivated glass and coated with (2-methyl-4-[trans-4-n-propyl-cyclohexylcarbonyloxy]-benzoic acid-[4-n-heptyloxy-phenylester]) as the liqud phase, in different film thicknesses. The columns were tested using substances of different structures and polarities. It was verified that the capacity factors, retention indices and selectivity significantly depend on the thickness of the liquid crystalline stationary phase film and the quality of the tube, particularly in the case of columns with thin films. Trasition temperatures (melting and clearing point) of the liquid crystal are also dependent on these two factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263219
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of amino acids to n-butyl and isobutyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 652-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Amino acids have been esterified with n-butanol and isobutanol in the presence of perchloric acid. It has been established that in the concentration range of [H2O]/[n-BuOH]=0.10–0.40 esterification can be utilized for the determination of alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, proline, methionine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine, histidine and cystine. In the case of [H2O]/[i-BuOH] =0.05–0.20 the esterification yield decreases from 100% to 70%, in proportion to the water content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262686
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A GC-system for the analysis of residual geothermal gases (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 681-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Geothermal gases ; Molecular sieves ; Low temperature separations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gases evolved from geothermal fields, after condensation of H2O, CO2, H2S and NH3 in caustic solution, contain He, H2, Ar, O2, N2, CH4 and higher hydrocarbons. The analysis for the major components in these residual gas mixtures can be achieved by use of two simple gas chromatographs in parallel, and using 5Å molecular sieve. The separation of He and H2 to baseline is achieved by using low temperatures (30°C) coupled with a relatively long column; and the difficult separation of Ar and O2 is achieved by use of a cryogenically cooled column. The use of switching valves to backflush and bypass columns ensures that a minimum time for analysis can be achieved whilst retaining baseline separations of the He/H2 and Ar/O2 pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262691
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of derivatives of chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 685-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification ; Ethyl and methyl esters of herbicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification method has been applied to chlorophenoxy acids and some other herbicides. This method is compared with esterification by iodoethane and diazomethane. The chlorophenoxy acids studied were: 2,4-D, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPB, mecoprop and 2,4,5-T. Other herbicides studied were: benazolin, bentazone, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, chlorthal, dicamba, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, ethephon, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, haloxyfop, ioxynil, picloram, 2,3,6-TBA and triclopyr. Fuming sulphuric acid-ethanol esterification can be successfully applied to chlorophenoxy acids, benazolin, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, dinoseb, fluroxypyr, haloxyfop, picloram and triclopyr. The reproductibility of the method is ±5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262693
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the chromatographic step profile method for determination of water film pressure and surface free energy of quartz (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 724-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Step profile method ; Adsorption isotherm ; Water film pressure ; Surface free energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Investigation of water adsorption by the step profile method (Glueckauf method) was carried out with the help of a modified gas chromatography equipped with thermal-conductivity detector. On the basis of the adsorption isotherm obtained, the water film pressure and the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz were calculated. The calculated value of the polar component of the surface free energy of quartz agrees with analogous values obtained by other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282930
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography in qualitative analysis Part 16. An investigation of the oxidation of reference stationary phases used in column characterization by the Rohrschneider and McReynolds methods (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Column characterization ; Oxidation ; Stationary phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The on-column oxidation of hydrocarbons commonly used as stationary phases in column characterization is investigated. In each case significant shifts of retention are observed, which may be negative or positive depending upon the polarity of the test solutes and the adsorptivity of the support material. In order to reduce the consequent uncertainties in the Rohrschneider [1] and McReynolds [2] polarity values, a new method of column characterization is proposed. The applicability of the new method is illustrated by a consideration of a range of silicone liquid phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259311
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of hydrochloric acid in organic solutions by gas chromatography (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Trace determination ; Hydrogen chloride ; Ethylene oxide ; Gas chromatography ; Chlorinated solvents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the determination of small quantities of hydrochloric acid in two chlorinated organic solvents (CHCl3 and CCl4). An excess of gaseous ethylene oxide is added to a liquid sample; the 2-chloroethanol formed is then analyzed by gas chromatography. The procedure is simpler and more sensitive in comparison with other conventional methods. It can be modified for other organic solvents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261872
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The signal of the helium detector — Its shape and polarity (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 567-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Helium detector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Four main factors which determine the shape and the polarity of the helium detector signal are discussed. All possible responses of this detector, both in elution and in vacancy chromatography, are presented and special attention is drawn to the intermediate region. The idea of ionization vacancy is introduced for the specific case of two components which are unresolved by the column and to which the detector responds with different sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311861
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleosides as stationary phases for the separation of xylenol isomers by gas-liquid chromatography (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 574-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Xylenol isomers ; Sugar derivatives as liquid phases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Adenosine, guanosine and inosine used as liquid phases in gas chromatography permits the separation of all six xylenol isomers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02311863
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved energy generator for the study of reactions of thermal-energy electrons with organic compounds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Electron-capture ; Thermal-energy electrons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The products resulting from the reaction between thermal energy electrons and organic compounds have been investigated to further our knowledge of the mode of action of the electron-capture detector. Thermal energy electrons were generated by maintaining a corona discharge between a stainless steel cathode and a silver/silver chloride anode. The effects of electrode geometry, gas composition, gas flow rate, and the physical properties of the test substances were investigated. The design of the reactor was modified to minimize losses of unchanged substrate. Reaction products of benzaldehyde, tolualdehydes, chlorobenzaldehydes, and dichlorobenzenes were identified by combined gas chromatography — mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262703
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wide-bore capillary columns for gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 195-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Wide-bore capillaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262711
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new derivative for improved GLC separation of mannose, galactose and glucose (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 403-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Separation of sugars ; Oxime formation ; Silylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The procedure involving oxime formation followed by silylation for the analysis of standard hexoses by GC resulted in unseparated peaks for D-glucose, D-mannose and D-galactose. This procedure was therefore modified to obtain clear separation of hexoses. STOX (hydroxylamine containing phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as the internal standard) was mixed with trimethylsilylimidazol or hexamethyldisilazane, and then added to a standard sugar mixture containing D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose. The mixture was analyzed by gas chromatography with OV-17/OV-22 as the stationary phase, resulting in three distinct peaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265481
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Esterification of aliphatic hydroxy acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aliphatic hydroxy acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Aliphatic hydroxy acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification of lactic, tartronic malic and citric acids in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the determination of these aliphatic hydroxy acids by gas chromatography. Water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.02. For mole ratios above 0.02 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for the binding of water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–2.53 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.27 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265484
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  • 26
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    Gas chromatographic analysis of the thermal and photochemical reaction products in diethyl ether solutions of nitrogen oxides (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 466-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Diethyl ether ; Photo-induced reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary When dissolved in diethyl ether, nitrogen dioxide reacts with the solvent, slowly at room temperature, more rapidly on heating of UV irradiation. A complex mixture of products is formed in which further changes are observed after prolonged storge: these are less pronounced if the unreacted nitrogen oxides are removed. A gas chromatographic method was applied for the identification of the majority of products. Irradiation does not change significantly the qualitative and quantitative composition of the reaction products. The reaction is thus the so-called photo-induced process [ΔG〈0]. Preliminary suggestions are made concerning the reaction mechanism.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344787
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  • 27
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    Chromatography in fluidized beds (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fluidized beds ; Industrial chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Chromatography is carried out under the conditions of fluidization, in long, straight tubes under organized and non-organized conditions. Under non-organized conditions the column is filled only with a sorbent. In organized conditions, either metal coils are added into the column or a segmented column is utilized with metal grids. The results obtained are compared to those obtained under fixed-bed conditions when the column is completely filled with the sorbent. Organized fluidized beds provide a significant decrease in longitudinal bandspreading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312173
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Wahl der Trägergasgeschwindigkeit bei der Analyse von Mehrkomponenten-Gemischen (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Optimization ; Carrier gas velocity ; Gas chromatography ; Influence of temperature on optimum velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Wahl der mittleren, linearen Trägergasgeschwindigkeit bei der Analyse von Mehrkomponentengemischen unter isothermen und temperaturprogrammierten Bedingungen wird diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, daß stets eine Trägergasgeschwindigkeit gewählt werden sollte, die mindestens gleich, besser jedoch höher ist, als die optimale Gasgeschwindigkeit für den ersten Peak, gemessen bei der Starttemperatur (Temperaturprogramm) oder bei der eingestellten Ofentemperatur (isotherme Fahrweise).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02302719
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic determination of the configuration of isovaline in antiamoebin, samarosporin (emerimicin IV), stilbellin, suzukacillins and trichotoxins (1980)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 13 (1980), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Configuration ; Chiral phases ; Gas chromatography ; Isovaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The D-(resp. R) configuration of isovaline (=2-ethylalanine) was proved for the peptide antibiotics antiamoebin, Tü 165 (CBS 382.62), stilbellin, samarosporin (=emerimicin IV), suzukacillin B (A), trichotoxin A-40 and A-50. This contradicts the previously reported L-configuration for isovaline in antiamoebin and emerimicin IV. The configuration was determined by GC of the N-trifluoroacetyl-isovaline n-propyl ester on glass capillary columns coated with the chiral stationary phase N-propionyl-L-valine tert.-butylamide polysiloxane (Chirasil Val). The D-configuration of the isovaline from trichotoxin A-40 was also established independently using GC of N-pentafluoro-propionyl-isovaline (+)-3-methyl-2-butyl esters on glass capillary columns coated with OV 17.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261873
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of polyalcohols in wine and vinegar by gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polyalcohol quantification ; Wine ; Vinegar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method is described for the analysis of arabitol, mannitol, sorbitol and inositol in wine. The method is evaluated for repeatability using perseitol as internal standard. Perseitol can be added to wine before or after passing the wine through the ion-exchange column without showing significant differences in the polyalcohol content. The method is also applied to the analysis of vinegar from different substrates (wine cider and rice).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262712
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of supports with liquid phases by thermal treatment in a closed system (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 228-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Modified diatomaceous supports
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diatomaceous earth type supports are modified with a liquid phase, by high-temperature thermal treatment in a closed system. It is shown that the retention characteristics of the support changes by this treatment. The main advantage of this method, as compared with modification in a flow-through system is that liquid phase evaporation and possibility of oxydation during the process can be avoided. This ensures a better uniformity of the modified support.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259692
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of silica with mixtures of hexamethylcyclotrisilazane and hexamethyldisilazane (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Silica surface modification ; Hexamethylcyclotrisilazane ; Hexamethyldisilazane ; Support materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For chromatographic purposes the use of mixtures instead of individual silylating agents can produce better deactivated surface than those shown by silicas modified by hexamethylcyclotrisilazane or hexamethyldisilazane separately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02310388
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Air-sampling of three tertiary amines (triethylamine, dimethylisopropylamine, dimethylethylamine) (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; H2SO4-coated silica gel ; Air pollution (foundries) ; Tertiary amines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of the main publications dealing with air-sampling and analysis of aliphatic amines, the authors propose and investigate two sampling methods (bubbling through a sulfuric acid solution, trapping on sulfuric acid-treated silica-gel) for three tertiary aliphatic amines commonly encountered in foundries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260478
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid as liquid-crystalline sorbent in gas chromatography (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid crystals ; Substituted benzenes and selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention mechanisms of polymethylbenzenes and n-alkylbenzenes on the inert solid support Chromaton (spec-surface area: 1m2/g) and the adsorbent-support Silochrom (C-80 (80 m2/g) coated with p-n-butyl oxybenzoic acid have been investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02260485
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between thermodynamic characteristics and isothermal retention indices (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic characteristics ; Retention index calculation ; Temperature dependency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Thermodynamic characteristics determined from retention data measured under isothermal conditions were used for the calculation of retention indices of a number of model compound. The minimum retention index difference required for the identification of two adijacent compounds as well the temperature dependency of retention index are discussed. The possibility of alculating thermodynamic characteristics from retention indices published in the literature was also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263223
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of non-branched alkenylcycloalkanes with a terminal double bond from retention index increments (1985)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 20 (1985), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary column ; Retention indices ; Alkylcyclopentane and Alkenylcyclopentane ; Alkylcyclohexane and Alkenylcyclohexane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Reaction products of the pyrolysis of n-dodecylpentane and n-hexylcyclohexane had been separated and identified on a glass capillary column coated with Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1. The identification of the components in the pyrolysis products and of the corresponding hydrogenated samples was performed from structure retention correlations, especially retention index increments (1CH2), homomorphy values (HOV-1) and the temperature coefficients of retention indices (δI/δT). Hence the presence of homologous 1-alkenes and of monoalkenylcycloalkanes could be confirmed. Based on the addition principle of index increments the determination of the side chain structure of alkenylcycloalkanes (straight chain) and the position of the double bond was ascertained. The calculation of the retention indices of these compounds was performed with high accuracy (deviation 〈1 index unit). Retention indices of 10 1-alkenes, 11 monoalkenyl-cyclopentanes, 11 monoalkylcyclopentanes, 5 monoalkenylcyclohexanes and 5 monoalkylcyclohexanes were determined on the liquid phase Polydimethylsiloxane OV-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280602
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