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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 155-168 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Constrained Optimization ; Differential Equation ; Global Solution ; Nonlinear Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A new method is presented for finding a local optimum of the equality constrained nonlinear programming problem. A nonlinear autonomous system is introduced as the base of the theory instead of usual approaches. The relation between critical points and local optima of the original optimization problem is proved. Asymptotic stability of the critical points is also proved. A numerical algorithm which is capable of finding local optima systematically at the quadratic rate of convergence is developed from a detailed analysis of the nature of trajectories and critical points. Some numerical results are given to show the efficiency of the method.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 93-103 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Linear Programming ; Relaxation Method ; Polynomiality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A class of linear programs is given in which the relaxation method for inequalities, under the same operating rules as Khacian's method, is not polynomial in the length of the input. This result holds for any value of the relaxation parameter.
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  • 3
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 163-201 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Geometric Programming ; Code Comparisons ; Numerical Testing ; Nonlinear Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Ten codes or code variants were used to solve the five equivalent posynomial GP problem formulations. Four of these codes were general NLP codes; six were specialized GP codes. A total of forty-two test problems was solved with up to twenty randomly generated starting points per problem. The convex primal formulation is shown to be intrinsically easiest to solve. The general purpose GRG code called OPT appears to be the most efficient code for GP problem solution. The reputed superiority of the specialized GP codes GGP and GPKTC appears to be largely due to the fact that these codes solve the convex primal formulation. The dual approaches are only likely to be competitive for small degree of difficulty, tightly constrained problems.
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 12-38 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Graph ; Matching ; Branching ; Linear Programming ; Polyhedron
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Matching forests generalize branchings in a directed graph and matchings in an undirected graph. We present an efficient algorithm, the PMF Algorithm, for the problem: given a mixed graphG and a real weight on each of its edges, find a perfect matching forest of maximum weight-sum. The PMF Algorithm proves the sufficiency of a linear system which definesP = (G) andP(G), the convex hull of incidence vectors of perfect matching forests and matching forests respectively ofG. The algorithm also provides a generalization of Tutte's theorem on the existence of perfect matchings in an undirected graph.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 308-329 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Polytopes ; Linear Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper provides answers to several questions raised by V. Klee regarding the efficacy of Mattheiss' algorithm for finding all vertices of convex polytopes. Several results relating to the expected properties of polytopes are given which indicate thatn-polytopes defined by “large” numbers of constraints are difficult to obtain by random processes, the expected value of the number of vertices of polytope is considerably less than Klee's least upper bound the expected performance of Mattheiss' algorithm is far better than Klee's upper bound would suggest.
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Discrete Dynamic Programming ; Optimal Markov Chains ; Linear Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract It is shown how a discrete Markov programming problem can be transformed, using a linear program, into an equivalent problem from which the optimal decision rule can be trivially deduced. This transformation is applied to problems which have either transient probabilities or discounted costs.
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Ellipsoid Algorithm ; Linear Programming ; Polynomial Boundedness ; Khachian's Method ; Linear Inequalities
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We give some modifications of the ellipsoid algorithm for linear programming and describe a numerically stable implementation. We are concerned with practical problems where user-supplied bounds can usually be provided. Our implementation allows constraint dropping and updates bounds on the optimal value, and should be able to terminate with an indication of infeasibility or with a provably good feasible solution in a moderate number of iterations.
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 75-86 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Constrained Optimization ; Global Convergence ; Nonlinear Programming ; Penalty Function ; Quasi-Newton Method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The recently proposed quasi-Newton method for constrained optimization has very attractive local convergence properties. To force global convergnce of the method, a descent method which uses Zangwill's penalty function and an exact line search has been proposed by Han. In this paper a new method which adopts a differentiable penalty function and an approximate line is presented. The proposed penalty function has the form of the augmented Lagrangian function. An algorithm for updating parameters which appear in the penalty function is described. Global convergence of the given method is proved.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 19 (1980), S. 61-77 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Optimization ; Nonlinear Programming ; Unconstrained Optimization ; Nondifferentiable Optimization ; Min—Max Problems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we suggest approximations for smoothing out the kinks caused by the presence of “max” or “min” operators in many non-smooth optimization problems. We concentrate on the continuous-discrete min—max optimization problem. The new approximations replace the original problem in some neighborhoods of the kink points. These neighborhoods can be made arbitrarily small, thus leaving the original objective function unchanged at almost every point ofR n . Furthermore, the maximal possible difference between the optimal values of the approximate problem and the original one, is determined a priori by fixing the value of a single parameter. The approximations introduced preserve properties such as convexity and continuous differentiability provided that each function composing the original problem has the same properties. This enables the use of efficient gradient techniques in the solution process. Some numerical examples are presented.
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Graph ; Matching ; Branching ; Linear Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We introduce the concept of matching forests as a generalization of branchings in a directed graph and matchings in an undirected graph. Given special weights on the edges of a mixed graph, we present an efficient algorithm for finding an optimum weight-sum matching forest. The algorithm is a careful application of known branching and matching algorithms. The maximum cardinality matching forest problem is solved as a special case.
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 197-214 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Nonlinear Programming ; Constrained Optimization ; Augmented Lagrangian Methods ; Multiplier Methods
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract It is known that augmented Lagrangian or multiplier methods for solving constrained optimization problems can be interpreted as techniques for maximizing an augmented dual functionD c(λ). For a constantc sufficiently large, by considering maximizing the augmented dual functionD c(λ) with respect toλ, it is shown that the Newton iteration forλ based on maximizingD c(λ) can be decomposed into taking a Powell/Hestenes iteration followed by a Newton-like correction. Superimposed on the original Powell/Hestenes method, a simple acceleration technique is devised to make use of information from the previous iteration. For problems with only one constraint, the acceleration technique is equivalent to replacing the second (Newton-like) part of the decomposition by a finite difference approximation. Numerical results are presented.
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 82-92 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Generic Programming ; Optimality Conditions ; Nonlinear Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Optimality conditions for families of nonlinear programming problems inR n are studied from a generic point of view. The objective function and some of the constraints are assumed to depend on a parameter, while others are held fixed. Techniques of differential topology are used to show that under suitable conditions, certain strong second-order conditions are necessary for optimality except possibly for parameter values lying in a negligible set.
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 169-185 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Nonlinear Programming ; Equality Constraints ; Fixed Points ; Complementary Pivoting Algorithms
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports the development of a new algorithm for solving the general constrained optimization problem (that of optimizing an objective function subject to both equality and inequality constraints). The approach is based on the complementary pivoting algorithms which have been developed to solve certain classes of fixed point problems. The specific approach is to use the equality constraints to solve for some variables in terms of the remaining ones thus enabling one to eliminate the equality constraints altogether. The result, under certain circumstances, is an optimization problem which may be transformed into a fixed point problem in such a way that a complementary pivoting code may be used to search for a solution. Seventeen test problems have been solved by this method and the results are compared against those obtained from GRG (Generalized Reduced Gradient method). The results of the tests indicate that the fixed point approach is robust (all 17 problems were solved by this method where as GRG solved 16). As to the computer times, the fixed point code proved to be as fast or faster than GRG on the lower dimensional problems; however, as the dimension increased, the trend reversed and on a 40 dimensional problem GRG was approximately 11 times faster. The conclusion from these tests is that when the dimension of the original problem can be reduced sufficiently by the equality constraints, the fixed point approach appears to be more effective than GRG.
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  • 14
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 34-49 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Linear Programming ; Variable Upper Bounds ; Degeneracy ; Triangular Factorization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Special methods for dealing with constraints of the formx j ≤ x k , called variable upper bounds, were introduced by Schrage. Here we describe a method that circumvents the massive degeneracy inherent in these constraints and show how it can be implemented using triangular basis factorizations.
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 274-313 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Large-Scale Optimization ; Linear Programming ; Staircase Linear Programs ; Simplex Method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This and a companion paper consider how current implementations of the simplex method may be adapted to better solve linear programs that have a staged, or ‘staircase’, structure. The present paper looks at ‘inversion’ routines within the simplex method, particularly those for sparse triangular factorization of a basis by Gaussian elimination and for solution of triangular linear systems. The succeeding paper examines ‘pricing’ routines. Both papers describe extensive (though preliminary) computational experience, and can point to some quite promising results.
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 137-161 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Nonlinear Programming ; Exact Penalty Methods ; Successive Quadratic Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we motivate and describe an algorithm to solve the nonlinear programming problem. The method is based on an exact penalty function and possesses both global and superlinear convergence properties. We establish the global qualities here (the superlinear nature is proven in [7]). The numerical implementation techniques are briefly discussed and preliminary numerical results are given.
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  • 17
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 49-61 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Linear Programming ; Simplex Method ; Large-scale Programming ; Sparse Matrices ; Triangular Factorization of the Basis ; Partitioning Methods
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A dynamic factorization algorithm is developed which algebraically partitions the basis inverse in such a manner so that the simplex method can be executed from a series of small inverses and the basis itself. This partition is maintained dynamically so that the additional memory required to represent the basis inverse reduces to this series of small inverses for in-core implementations. The algorithm is intended for use in solving general large-scale linear programming problems. This new method of basis representation should permit rather large problems to be solved completely in-core. Preliminary computational experience is presented and comparisons are made with Reid's sparsity-exploiting variant of the Bartels—Golub decomposition for linear programming bases. The computational experience indicated that a significant reduction in memory requirements can usually be obtained using the dynamic factorization approach with only a slight (up to about 20%) degradation of execution time.
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  • 18
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 19 (1980), S. 178-185 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Nonlinear Programming ; Exact Penalty Function ; Constrained Optimization ; Piecewise Differentiable
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we give first- and second-order conditions to characterize a local minimizer of an exact penalty function. The form of this characterization gives support to the claim that the exact penalty function and the nonlinear programming problem are closely related. In addition, we demonstrate that there exist arguments for the penalty function from which there are no descent directions even though these points are not minimizers.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 18 (1980), S. 338-343 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Nonlinear Programming ; Convex Programming ; Quadratic Programming ; Singly Constrained Quadratic Program
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a characterization of the solutions of a singly constrained quadratic program. This characterization is then used in the development of a polynomially bounded algorithm for this class of problems.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 39-54 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Random Polytopes ; Linear Programming ; Problem Generation ; Aggregate Polytope Properties
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The definition of random polytope adopted in this paper restricts consideration to those probability measures satisfying two properties. First, the measure must induce an absolutely continuous distribution over the positions of the bounding hyperplanes of the random polytope; and second, it must result in every point in the space being equally as likely as any other point of lying within the random polytope. An efficient Monte Carlo method for their computer generation is presented together with analytical formulas characterizing their aggregate properties. In particular, it is shown that the expected number of extreme points for such random polytopes increases monotonically in the number of constraints to the limiting case of a polytope topologically equivalent to a hypercube. The implied upper bound of 2 n wheren is the dimensionality of the space is significantly less than McMullen's attainable bound on the maximal number of vertices even for a moderate number of constraints.
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  • 21
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 19 (1980), S. 239-254 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Linear Programming ; LU Factorization ; Degeneracy ; Bartels—Golub Updating
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract For general sparse linear programs two of the most efficient implementations of the LU factorization with Bartels—Golub updating are due to Reid and Saunders. This paper presents an alternative approach which achieves fast execution times for degenerate simplex method iterations, especially when used with multiple pricing. The method should have wide applicability since the simplex method performs a high proportion of degenerate iterations on most practical problems. A key feature of Saunders' method is combined with the updating strategy of Reid so as to make the scheme suitable for implementation out of core. Its efficiency is confirmed by experimental results.
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  • 22
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 123-136 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Nonlinear Programming ; Exact Penalty Methods ; Successive Quadratic Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we consider the final stage of a ‘global’ method to solve the nonlinear programming problem. We prove 2-step superlinear convergence. In the process of analyzing this asymptotic behavior, we compare our method (theoretically) to the popular successive quadratic programming approach.
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  • 23
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 314-325 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Stochastic Programming ; Linear Programming ; Expected Value of Perfect Information
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Stochastic linear programs have been rarely used in practical situations largely because of their complexity. In evaluating these problems without finding the exact solution, a common method has been to find bounds on the expected value of perfect information. In this paper, we consider a different method. We present bounds on the value of the stochastic solution, that is, the potential benefit from solving the stochastic program over solving a deterministic program in which expected values have replaced random parameters. These bounds are calculated by solving smaller programs related to the stochastic recourse problem.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 138-147 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Linear Programming ; Quadratic Programming ; Optimal Scaling ; Cells ; Balls ; Polyhedral ; Meet ; Containment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract The concern is with solving as linear or convex quadratic programs special cases of the optimal containment and meet problems. The optimal containment or meet problem is that of finding the smallest scale of a set for which some translation contains a set or meets each element in a collection of sets, respectively. These sets are unions or intersections of cells where a cell is either a closed polyhedral convex set or a closed solid ball.
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  • 25
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    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 314-325 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Sampling Techniques ; Linear Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract A modification of the conventional simplex method has been developed for use on linear programming problems with large numbers of columns. The basic concept underlying the method is the trade-off between the cost of calculating many reduced costs and the increase in number of iterations resulting from calculating very vew. Under suitable assumptions a cost function can be constructed. The optimal choice of the number of reduced costs can then be computed by means of Dynamic Programming. Several approximated solutions are developed which are computationally simpler. Experiments on a number of problems indicate that the method may offer a promising technique for large-scale problems.
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  • 26
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    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 55-69 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Linear Programming ; Sparse LU Decomposition ; Updating Ip Basis Factorizations ; Bartels—Golub Decomposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract We describe a sparsity-exploiting variant of the Bartels—Golub decomposition for linear programming bases. It includes interchanges that, whenever this is possible, avoid the use of any eliminations (with consequent fill-ins) when revising the factorization at an iteration. Test results on some medium scale problems are presented and comparisons made with the algorithm of Forrest and Tomlin.
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  • 27
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    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 162-176 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Schlagwort(e): Polyhedral Convexity ; Tucker's Theorem ; Williams' Theorems ; Monotone Complementarity Problem ; Complementary Unboundedness ; Linear Programming
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Mathematik
    Notizen: Abstract Three theorems of linear programming form our starting point: Tucker's theorem (1956) concerning the existence of optimal solutions satisfying the complementary slackness conditions strictly, and Williams' two theorems (1970) concerning the coordinatewise complementary behavior of feasible and optimal solutions. Here, we establish that the same phenomena hold in another, more versatile framework involving general polyhedral convexity. As one main application, the results are transferred into the context of the monotone complementarity problem. Several other theoretical applications are indicated.
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