ALBERT

Beschreibung: The sedimentation regime off Northwest Africa is shaped by: (1) structur~al factors. which result in generallv low relief on land. shelf widths between 40 and more than 120 km. and av-erage sfope inclinations between 10 30' and 30; (2) land climates. which contral the delivery of terrigenous particles to the margin: (3) water movements including boundary currents and upwelling; and (4) the post- Pleistocene sea level rise. This chapter combines published and new results arising from research into the sedimentation processes off Northwest Africa. and emphasizes particularly the activities of the Kiel marine geological group during the past few years. Reviews of cruise activities and results were given in Closs et al. (1969) (Meteor cruise 8. 1967. off Morocco) . Seibold (1972) (Meteor cmise 25 . 1971. off Sahara to Central Senegal). Seibold and Hinz (1976) (Meteor cmise 39,1975 . and Valdivia cruise 10. 1975, from Morocco to South Senegal), and Waiden et al. (1974) (Meteor cmise 30, 1973, off Sierra Leone). Some of these cmises were used for pre- or post-site surveys for the Deep-Sea Drilling Project, or to add undisturbed Quaternary cores to the Glomar Challenger cores (leg 41, ] 975; Lancelot, et al .• 1978); leg 47 A, Arthur er al .• 1979; Lutze et al., 1979). We have concentrated our geological investigations on a number of standard profiles from the shelf to the upper continental rise as given in Figure 1. The manuscript was finished May 1979.

Beschreibung: El género Plagiochila (hepatica) esta representada en las Islas Galapagos por ocho (8) especies diferentes: P. bursata (Desv.) Lindenbg., P. galapagona Inoue, P gradsteinii Inoue, P. guilleminiana Mont., P. inouei Grolle, P. scabrifolia Inoue, P. spinifera Ångstr. y P. subplana Lindenbg. El endemismo en este género es más alto que en otros géneros de las hepaticas, con cinco (5) especies que comienzan a conocerse solamente de los Galapagos ( P. galapagona, gradsteinii, scabrifolia, inouei, y spinifera). Las otras tres (3) son comunes y ampliamente distribuidas a lo largo de la America tropical. La mayoría de las especies estan restringidas a las zonas altas-húmedas de vegetación de las Islas Galapagos (matorrales de Zanthoxylum, Miconia y pampa) excepto P. guilleminiana muy común, la cual puede presentarse en la zona seca de transición de bosque. La más amplia variación de Plagiochila ha sido vista en Isabela (Cerro Azul), San Cristobal y Santa Cruz.

Beschreibung: Nanocyperion communities (s.l.) are considered here as “warp-and-woof” communities; the Nanocyperion components are described separately as synusiae. On the Netherlands Frisian Islands, four main synusiae have been recognized. Raunkiaer life form spectra show few differences between the communities. Life strategy spectra of the Nanocyperion synusiae, based on systems for phanerogams (modified after Bakker 1966) and bryophytes, yield the clearest patterns. A comparison of the ecology of the communities and an interpretation of the spectra in terms of avoidance of stress or competition suggest that inundations and standing crop of the communities are the main factors determining the distribution of the synusiae. Winter inundations overrule the influence of differences in productivity level, which becomes prominent in drier situations.

Beschreibung: The Colombian representatives of the lichen family Parmeliaceae with linear lobes and marginal cilia have been revised. A key is given and morphology, chemistry and distribution are treated of 12 species in three genera: Cetrariastrum Sipm. gen. nov, with C. andense (Kärnef.) Sipm. comb. nov., C. dubitans Sipm. spec. nov. and C. equadoriense (Sant.) Sipm. comb. nov., Everniastrum with E. catawbiense (Degel.) Hale, E. cirrhatum (Fr.) Hale, E. columbiense (Zahlbr.) Hale, E. fragile Sipm. spec. nov., E. planum Sipm. spec. nov., E. sorocheilum (Vain.) Hale and E. vexans (Zahlbr.) Hale, and Parmelina cleefii Sipm. spec. nov. and P. swinscowii (Hale) Hale.

Beschreibung: Nineteen species of Stereocaulon are treated from the northern Andes, mainly from Colombia. Descriptions and keys are given, with notes on the north-Andean distribution and ecology. Seven species are new for the Colombian flora, viz. St. atlanticum, St. claviceps, St. corticatulum (chem. strain with atranorin and perlatolic acid), St. delisei, St. microcarpum, St. pachycephalum and St. pomiferum. St. crambidiocephalum is reported for the first time from Costa Rica, as is St. didymicum from Venezuela, and St. delisei is reported for the first time from the New World (Colombia and Costa Rica). St. cornutum Müll. Arg. is reduced to synonymy under St. pityrizans Nyl.

Beschreibung: Gradstein et al. (1982) propose to conserve four generic names of Lejeuneaceae: Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., Trachylejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. and Taxilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn., each of which was introduced as a subgeneric name in Lejeunea by Spruce (1884), and subsequently raised to generic rank by Schiffner in his treatment of the Hepaticae in Engler-Prantl (preprint 1893) [see proposals to conserve 675-678 see p. 746]. Although Spruce (l.c.) used for his Lejeunea species a binary nomenclature by combining subgeneric names with specific epithets, it is clear (e.g. text, index) that the binomina are meant as Lejeunea combinations and they are considered as such by most authors (see Gradstein et al. for further details). Before 1893, however, the Sprucean subgeneric names were used in various papers by F. Stephani in a “seeming” generic rank; indeed Stephani now and then referred to them as “genus.” A chronological survey of a number of relevant papers by Stephani, mainly those published in Hedwigia, was given by Bonner et al. (1961), in conjunction with a brief discussion of the subject of this paper. These authors were the first to realize that on the basis of Art. 42 ICBN some generic names in Lejeuneaceae, e.g. Taxilejeunea and Trachylejeunea, can be considered as validly published by Stephani in Hedwigia 28, 1889. Later on Grolle (1979) demonstrated valid publication of monotypic new Lejeuneaceae genera by Stephani in the Bot. Gaz. 15, 1890, e.g. Lopho-Lejeunea and Acro-Lejeunea. For an evaluation of the status of Lopho- Lejeunea Steph., Acro-Lejeunea Steph., Trachylejeunea Steph. and Taxilejeunea Steph., one might consider these names against the background of the entire context of Stephani’s work on Lejeuneaceae until 1893. As the survey of Stephani’s papers in Bonner et al. is rather incomplete, and as there are several points of divergence in opinion, a new analysis of Stephani’s relevant papers (before Sep 1893) is presented below.

Beschreibung: During 1981 the Botanical Survey of India had again collections made. We list them in the same manner as on pages 3559-3560. In Andaman & Nicobar Is.: Great Nicobar, 300 specimens. In Andhra Pradesh: Anantagiri, Endrika Hills, Ganganaju-medugula, Paderu, 1590. In Arunachal Pradesh: Ganganagar, Hapoli, Naharlagan, Namdapha Biosphere Reserve of Tirap Distr., Tamer Road, Tiruli of Subansiri Distr., Ziro, 1054. In West Bengal: areas of Jalpaiguri, Bankura and Midnapur Districts, places of Bangaon, Tantulia and Basirhat of 24-Parganas Districts, Jaldapara Reserve, Totopara, &c., 2240. In Gujrat: Lalpur and vicinity, 1090. In Karnataka: vicinity of S. Karnataka River-Mulla Periyar and catchment areas, 500. In Kerala: Alleppey, Anathode, Cannanore, Devicolam, Kakki, Kasargod, Kokharjam, Munnar Peermade, Muzhiyar, Pachakanam, Pamba Dam areas, Peruvanzuzhi, Ponnambala Medu, Sabarigiri, 4150. In Madhya Pradesh; areas of Panna Distr., 800. In Maharashtra: Bhimsankar, Janar, Purandar, 985. In Meghalaya: Cherrapunjee, Nongapoh, Sunnapahar of Khasi Hills, Jowai, Jorain of Saintea Hills, Tura of Garo Hills Distr., 3500. In Nagaland: areas of Mekokchung, Tuensang, Wokha, Zunbebato Districts, 500. In Rajasthan: Jaisalmer and areas of Barmer Distr., 1000. In Sikkim: Burtuk Busty, Chakung, Changu, Chuten, Enchy Monastery, below Honuman Top, Jorethang, Lower Bustak, Ranipal, Reumtek, Sang Ratepani, Sinchey, Singtham East, Soren, Suntale forests, Tadong, 4800. In Tamil-Nadu: Kannayakumari, Sethur Hills, Srivilliputhur R.F., 2090. In Uttar Pradesh: Agra-Khal, Ballaieri, Chamoli Chakrata, Dudhwa Nat. Park, Govana, Khan-Khaliadha, Mussoorie, Pam Vali-Kantha, Panwali, Parbagi, Rajkhark, Saharshradhara, 2500.

Beschreibung: Because of their fleshy nature, thin leaves and membranous sepals and petals, Impatiens tend to make particularly poor herbarium specimens. If dried while still attached to the leafy part of the plant the flowers generally become badly crumpled and brittle. In such a state their more important characters become unrecognisable, and it is rarely possible to restore them to any useful degree. The leaves may also become badly crushed especially if they are not pressed absolutely flat. The collectors’ time may thus be completely wasted.

Beschreibung: Precursor publications by the author are in press or in preparation prior to a treatment of the mistletoe families Loranthaceae and Viscaceae for the Flora Malesiana. The provisional keys to genera set out below is offered as an indication of the genera which are accepted for the region. Comments on the key, and advice on difficulties or inconsistencies will be welcomed by the author. A preliminary specimen identification list includes about 4,000 records, mostly captured from collections in L, and the author can check determinations against this list on request. The most recent comprehensive treatment of Loranthaceae for the region is that by Danser [Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg. III, 11 (1931) 233-519]. This paper includes within the Loranthaceae the subfamilies Loranthoideae and Viscoideae, but the two differ in many respects, and are now generally treated as a distinct families, the Loranthaceae s.s. and the Viscaceae.

Beschreibung: Dr. M.M.J. van Balgooy and his companions on the Celebes Expedition, Dr. E. Hennipman, Mr. G.J. de Joncheere and Dr. E.F. de Vogel left Leiden on 5 April 1979, visited the SING and BO-Herbaria on the way. In Celebes visit was paid to Hasanudin University at Ujung Pandang (olim Makassar), in Bali to the Botanical Garden at Bedugul. In the course of August they returned to Holland. See also Exploration. The Botanical Survey of India kindly sent the following list of changes: D.K. Banerjee: to the Industrial Section of the Indian Museum at Calcutta; N. Bhargava: to the Northern Circle, Dehra Dun; U.C. Bhattacharyya: Deputy Director, Northern Circle, Dehra Dun; B.N. Chakraborty: Assistant curator, Industrial Section, Indian Museum, Calcutta; U. Chatterjee: Botanist, Eastern Circle, Shillong; Mrs. Dr. S.J. Das: Botanist, Eastern Circle, Shillong; P.K. Hajra: to HQ, Howrah; B. Krishna: to HQ, Howrah; Ram Lall: Botanist, Central Circle, Allahabad; C.L. Malhotra: to Northern Circle, Dehra Dun; P.C. Pant: to Northern Circle, Dehra Dun; B.B. Pramanick: Botanist, CAL-Herbarium, Howrah; M.K.V. Rao: to Andaman Circle, Port Blair; Dr. G.P. Roy: to Central Circle, Allahabad; B.D. Sharma: Deputy Director, Western Circle, Poona; Dr. R.C. Srivastava: Systematic Botanist, Eastern Circle, Shillong; C.R. Tarafder: Botanist, CAL-Herbarium, Howrah. Proficiat to all!

Beschreibung: AKIYAMA, H. 1992. Taxonomic studies of mosses of Seram and Ambon (Moluccas, East Malesia) collected by Indonesian-Japanese botanical expeditions. V. Hypopterygiaceae. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 43:111-120, illus. — 9 species, 1 new comb. in Cyathophorum. ARTS, T. & P. SOLLMAN. 1991. Remarks on Phascum leptophyllum C. Müll., an earlier name for Tortula rhizophylla (Sak.) Iwats. & K. Saito. Lindbergia 17: 20-27, illus. — Synonymy; taxonomical position uncertain; new record for Malesia (Papua New Guinea).

Beschreibung: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae — b) Fungi & Lichens — c) Bryophytes — d) Pteridophytes — e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk. The SEM-observation of plant material normally requires dehydrated, dry specimens coated with carbon or metal. Unfortunately, the standard drying methods (including the critical-point-drying-technique) often cause shrinking and deformation of the specimen surface; therefore, SEMstudies on plant ontogeny are rather difficult, material- and time-consuming. Experiments using deep-frozen specimens have been carried out in England and in the USA, but have proved not satisfying.

Beschreibung: Loss of species is the key issue of conservation. Contrary to misuse of land which is visible to anybody with eyes to see, the issue of extinction is sly, treacherous, and open to clear perception only for experts. It touches on quality, and reaches far out in time: hard things to grasp for non-biologists. Thus an extra responsibility devolves on those who are in a position to know and to speak. The value of the genetic resource base has been set forth in e.g. the book by O.H. Frankel & E. Bennett, Genetic resources in plants (1970), and in the BIOTROP symposium edited by J.T. Williams e.a., South East Asian plant genetic resources (1975); Myers adds many striking facts: half the prescriptions in the U.S.A. contain a drug of natural origin. The cardiac drug reserpine, from Rauvolfia, costs $ 1.25 per gram to synthesize, $ 0.75 from natural sources. The anti-polio vaccin was developed in experiments in chimpanzees. The Amerindians in Amazonia know 750 medicinal plant species. Now the possibility of massive destruction of tropical forests — where most species are located — casts some frightening shadows on the future. The question how to cope with the threat appears to be connected with human ethics and the international order. Consequently, most publications on the subject suffer from a partial lack of maturity: don’t look to Myers for ethics, nor to the Routleys for biology. It seems therefore advisable that on the part of all disciplines a common fund of knowledge and insight be built up. In my efforts, great stimulation was received from correspondence with Dr. Willem Meijer (Botany, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. 40506, U.S.A.), who in his disinterested manner never fails to come up with things true and shocking.

Beschreibung: The Malayan Nature Society is organizing a Scientific Expedition to Belum on the Northern border of Perak with Thailand to take place for one year after about August, 1993. It is intended to prepare an inventory for biodiversity for the proposed National Park, not a general collecting trip. Specialists and other serious visitors are expected within a reasonable period to stay for an extended time to study a defined, limited subject and to prepare a report for the inventory as soon as possible. For further information please contact the Executive Secretary of the Society, Miss Lee Su Win, POB 10750, 50724 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Beschreibung: Apocynaceae wanted — pickled. Mary E. Fallen, Systematische Botanik, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland, who has done considerable morphological work on development of the reproductive organs in Apocynaceae, has been frustrated in her many efforts to obtain suitable material of Lepinia and Lepiniopsis. Ample information on both can be found in Pacific Plant Areas 3, Blumea Suppl. 5 (1966) 112-113, with map and description. The very oddly shaped fruit of Lepinia (W. Pacific) has been depicted in Blumea 11 (1962) 302, Van Steenis’s paper on the Land Bridge Theory. The one of Lepiniopsis (E. Malesia) seems to be buoyant. Also material of Anechites (Central America) is needed; it may be closely related to Condylocarpon. Any stages of flowers can be used, from tiny green buds at initiation up through anthesis, as well as fruiting stages. They should be pickled in FAA. Expenses of handling and postage will gladly be refunded. Vials with the liquid can be provided. Thanks on her behalf!

Beschreibung: Suprageneric epithets have been entered under the family name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subfamily, tribe, etc.). Infrageneric epithets have been entered immediately under the generic name to which they belong, preceeded by the indication of their rank (subgenus, section, etc.). Infraspecific epithets have been entered under the specific name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (subspecies, variety, forma, etc.). Synonyms have been printed in italics. Page numbers in bold type denote main treatment; an asterisk behind a page number denotes the presence of a figure of the concerned taxon.

Beschreibung: The taxonomic position and rank of the only genus Pentastemona has been under discussion since Van Steenis (1982) described the genus in the Stemonaceae. Dahlgren et al. (1985) found it highly distinctive and suggested it worthy of family rank. Later on more material of P. sumatrana and P. egregia has become available facilitating a more accurate description of the androgynoecium. Conspicuous differences from the Stemonaceae, viz. the inferior ovary, the five pouches caused by the fusion of connectives and stigma (especially well-developed in P. egregia), the berry-like fruit and the exotesta (sarcotesta) of the seed, warranted the distinction of a separate new family for the genus. Note — Pentastemona is the first genus in the Monocotyledons with normally regular 5-merous flowers. Checked on abundant material, occasional flowers with 4 or 6 perianth lobes and stamens occur in both species.

Beschreibung: Several aspects of the sexuality in Mucorales are discussed. It is stated that neither heterothallism nor homothallism are absolute conditions and that a continuum exists between zygospores and azygospores. Mating type switching as known in ascomycetous yeasts would explain several up to now inexplicable phenomena.

Beschreibung: In the Netherlands Scrophularia auriculata is only common in the south of Limburg; in the remaining part of the country it is mainly a river companion. The distribution map (Fig. 1) is exclusively based on herbarium specimens. Because the species has often been confused with other Scrophularia species, a request is made to collect more specimens in order to adjust the distribution pattern of S. auriculata.

Beschreibung: The ultrastructure of the ascus apical apparatus is compared in 19 species of the Hymenoscyphoideae, currently placed in seven genera. The ascus wall consists of an outer layer of two strata, and an inner layer of also two, and in one species of three strata. At the apex only the inner layer increases in thickness. On the basis of the general morphology and PA-TCH-SP reactivity pattern of the apex five main groups are recognized. A further division into subgroups is also outlined. The most important diagnostic features used in the analysis are the relative development and the reactivity pattern of the apical thickening, the occurrence of an annular protrusion, the structure and the reactivity pattern of the annulus, and the apex maturation pattern. In addition to the electron micrographs diagrammatic schemes are given to illustrate the author’s interpretation. The species studied are thus arranged as follows: Group 1a. Hymenoscyphus caudatus, H. fructigenus, H. salicellus, H. salicinus, and Bisporella pallescens; 1b. H. imberbis and Phaeohelotium subcarneum; 1c. H. consobrinus, H. repandus, and Crocicreas pallidum; 1d. Discinella boudieri; Group 2a. H. herbarum; 2b. Pezizella gemmarum; 2c. Chlorociboria aeruginascens and Pezizella alniella; 2d. Crocicreas cyathoideum [var. cyathoideum]; Group 3. Bisporella sulfurina; Group 4. Cudoniella clavus var. grandis; Group 5. Cudoniella acicularis. Most fundamental are considered firstly the position of the annulus in the apical thickening, either partly (groups 1, 2, 4, 5) or fully (3) occupying the thickening, either associated (2, 4, 5) or not associated with an annular protrusion (1), and secondly the dehiscence mechanism, either an eversion of the annulus over an angle of about 90° (1, 2, 3?, 4) or a twostep mechanism (5) previously undescribed in Leotiales. The absence of an amyloid reaction in the apex, which is a diagnostic feature in Cudoniella acicularis and C. clavus var. grandis, is based on two fundamentally different structures in these species. The apex in the last mentioned fungus closely resembles that in Ombrophila violacea, while the apex in C. acicularis is unique in general morphology and dehiscence mechanism. The ultrastructural data of the apical apparatus are found to correlate with characters of excipulum anatomy, especially in the genera Hymenoscyphus and Bisporella. Their importance in segregating more natural genera from large ill-defined genera like Hymenoscyphus or Pezizella is discussed.

Beschreibung: The Kimberley is an extremely rugged area in NW Australia extending over 170,000 square kilometers. It has always been one of the biologically unknown wilderness areas of the world. The presence of rainforest in this part of the continent was not even known before 1965. In 1986 a three-year exploration was started to unravel its mysteries. The results of this study are laid down in the present volume which deals with a variety of subjects, such as: soil, vegetation, floristics, landsnails, scorpions, spiders, insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals and nature conservation. The forest is of the monsoon type and consists of a number of patches varying from a clump of a few trees to 100 hectare. In many places these patches are continuous with mangrove or riverine forest. The total area of rainforest is only 0.005 percent of the Kimberley region. According to Malesian standards the flora is relatively poor: 453 species are on record. The fact that all but one (Hibiscus peralbus) of these are wide-spread in tropical Australia, most of them even outside Australia, suggests that this vegetation type is recent.

Beschreibung: The genus Typhonium (Araceae-Areae) is revised for Australasia. Fourteen species are recognised. Two are introduced. Of the twelve indigenous, eleven are endemic to the region. Six aré new to science. Typhonium millarii F.M. Bailey is reduced to synonymy with T. angustilobum F. Muell. Illustrations and distribution maps are provided. Keys are given to the genera of geophytic Aroideae in Australasia and to the species of Typhonium. Apparent affinity between two new Australian Typhonium species and the Indian genus Theriophonum is noted. It is suggested that Australasian representation of Areae is mostly autochthonous and ancient rather than immigrant and comparatively recent in origin.

Beschreibung: The genus Willughbeia Roxb. is revised. A total of 15 species are recognised. One new combination is made. Urnularia Stapf is reduced to synonymy within Willughbeia. Species exclusae have been given as well as an index of exsiccatae.

Beschreibung: In November 1989 we received from Professor R.E. Holttum his last manuscript for Flora Malesiana. He must have worked for many years to finish this publication on a very difficult group of ferns. For several reasons, not in the least because the manuscript was by no means small, it took a long time before the editing and typesetting were finished. Many new names were given and taxa described by Professor Holttum. Since new taxa are no longer published in Flora Malesiana (new style), this precursor on new species and varieties (and a few new combinations) is published in Blumea, later this year to be followed by the complete revision in Flora Malesiana, series II, volume 2¹, Pteridophyta. The following new species and varieties are described here: Tectaria andersonii, T. brevilobata, T. coadunata (J. Sm.) C. Chr. var. minor, T. croftii, T. curtisii Holttum var. hendersonii, T. danfuensis, T. devexa (Kunze ex Mett.) Copeland var. novoguineensis, T. exauriculata, T. filisquamata, T. griffithii (Baker) C. Chr. var. singaporeana and var. amplissima, T. inopinata, T. jacobsii, T. lobbii (Hook.) Copeland var. denticulata and var. allosora, T. macrota, T. microchlamys, T. microlepis, T. moussetii, T. nabirensis, T. nesiotica, T. palmata (Mett.) Copeland var. sumatrana and var. dimorpha, T. rheophytica, T. rigida, T. rufescens, T. schmutzii, T. squamipes, T. subtrilobata, T. subcordata, T. suluensis, T. villosa; Chlamydogramme elata; Cyclopeltis rigida; Heterogonium lobulatum; Lastreopsis novoguineensis. The following new combinations are made: Tectaria devaxa (Kunze ex Mett.) Copeland var. minor (Hook.) Holttum, comb, nov., T. palmata (Mett.) Copeland var. platanifolia (Mett.) Holttum, stat. nov.

Beschreibung: The morphology and ant-association of the five genera Hydnophytum Jack, Myrmecodia Jack, Anthorrhiza Huxley & Jebb, Squamellaria Becc. and Myrmephytum Becc. are described. On the basis of shared character states in tuber cavity development and inflorescence structure these five genera are united as a subtribe, the Hydnophytinae.

Beschreibung: The kernel of this book consists of an enumeration of some 1600 publications of importance to the flora of the Mascarenes (East of Madagascar; main islands Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues), arranged alphabetically by author. Fairly often a short note is given on contents and importance. Counterpart to this enumeration is an extensive Subject Index which gives many different entries to the first part. The practical value of a book like the present one depends primarily on its completeness, secondarily on its selectivity. As to the first point, this is not easy to check. Comparison with the literature on some families the reviewer is acquainted with gave the impression that the enumeration is still (rather?) incomplete. Therefore, we may hope that future, ever more complete editions may follow. As to the second point, the inclusion of some obvious worldwide handbooks (Index Kewensis, Taxonomic Literature, Jackson’s Glossary of botanic terms, just to mention a few) seems of doubtful value, though other people may be of a different opinion.

Beschreibung: In this publication emphasis is laid on the modern definition of the family Polypodiaceae (Filicales), which is based on an extensive study of Recent material and which is much restricted with respect to older circumscriptions of the family as usually applied by palaeobotanists. Fossils of fems belonging to the family in the strict sense are extremely rare and those examined do not bear any spores suitable for study. Of the fossils attributed to the family in its traditional, large sense, only a small minority belongs to the family in its strict sense. A survey of the few polypodiaceous fossils known to the author is given together with a list of non-polypodiaceous fossils that usually (sometimes tentatively) have been referred to the family Polypodiaceae.

Beschreibung: Since the revision of Olea for the Malesian region (Kiew, 1979), specimens of an interesting new species have been collected from Palawan Island, Philippines. It is interesting, not only because it is distinctive, but because it is the only Malesian Olea which grows on ultrabasic soil and, as it has been collected only from forest on this soil type, it suggests that it may be confined to it.

Beschreibung: Twelve species are recognized of which five (P. womersleyi, P. brassii, P. hooglandii, P. schoddei. and P. clemensae) are described as new. Nine species are reduced to synonymy (P. warburgii, P. puberula, P. myriantha, P. paniculata, P. parvifolia, P. acuminata, P. habbamensis, P. pulchra and P. dallmannensis). All twelve species occur in New Guinea, only one (P. arfakiana) extending westwards into Sulawesi. P. incana, P. gracilis and P. hypargyrea may also occur in Queensland in addition to the three species already described from Australia.

Beschreibung: Seaweeds are important components of tropical reef systems. The present paper deals with the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and noncoralline Rhodophyta collected by the first author in the Spermonde Archipelago, SW Sulawesi, Indonesia, during the Buginesia-III project (November 1988-November 1990). Additional collections from this area by Keblusek (July 1991-October 1991) were also studied and the results are incorporated in the present paper. The results of the present study are compared with those of the Siboga Expedition (1899-1900), of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands (1914-1916), and of the Snellius-II Expedition (1985). In total, 199 taxa (80 Chlorophyta belonging to 21 genera, 36 taxa of Phaeophyta belonging to 11 genera, 83 noncoralline Rhodophyta belonging to 40 genera, and about 35 taxa of coralline algae) were collected. Of these, 72 taxa are new records for Indonesia (17 Chlorophyta, 20 Phaeophyta, and 35 noncoralline Rhodophyta). Caulerpa buginense and Udotea flabellum f. longifolia are newly described. Keys to the genera, species, and forms are provided, and remarks on the economic potential of some of the seaweeds are included.

Beschreibung: Anthorrhiza Huxley & Jebb, Psychotrieae-Hydnophytinae, is described. The eight species, all of which are new to science and endemic to Papua New Guinea, are fully described, and a key to the species and an enumeration of specimens are given.

Beschreibung: Two gynoecial primordia are initiated as discrete units but soon get interconnected by the occurrence of interprimordial growth between them. A rim of meristematic tissue thus produced gives rise to the ovary wall by zonal growth. The residual floral apex grows parallel to the gynoecial primordia in the form of a septum. The two placental ridges arise from the inner lateral walls of the ovary, grow into the ovarian cavity, and ultimately fuse with the axial septum. The anterio- posterior region of the ovary wall also grows into the ovarian cavity to form a false septum which divides each locule into two. The Labiatae show a placentation which is neither true axile nor true parietal but an intermediate condition between the two, as the septum grows like in a typical axile placentation and the placentae like in typical parietal placentation. The gynobase in Labiatae is considered to be carpellary in nature.

Beschreibung: Two new genera and nineteen new species of Dicotyledons from Papua New Guinea collected and described by A. Gilli (1980) have been examined by specialists. These families are Begoniaceae, Cruciferae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Hypericaceae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Saxifragaceae, and Sterculiaceae. Both new genera are reduced: Melachone to Amaracarpus (Rub.), Disaster to Commersonia (Sterc.). Supposed new generic records to Malesia proved erroneous: a new Thelygonum belongs to Nertera (Rub.), and a Trochiscus to Nasturtium (Cruc.); the Viburnum from Papua is a Psychotria (Rub.). All species are reduced to those already known. It is advocated as undesirable to describe novelties from odd tropical plant collections.

Beschreibung: A new species of Anthorrhiza, A. Camilla from Papua New Guinea is described. Its relation to the remainder of the genus is discussed.

Beschreibung: A Gargantuan task has been accomplished: here is a complete survey of the spores of representatives of all genera of ferns and fern allies, studied with SEM and TEM. Some of the pictures have already been published in previous works of the two authors, of which Lugardon’s work has mainly been published in French; many of Tryon’s SEM pictures have appeared Tryon & Tryon (1982). In the Introduction a condensation is given of all Lugardon’s extensive studies on sporogenesis, with some new additions (e.g., spherules, p. 9). Many of his excellent, detailed micrographs are used in order to describe spore wall development in all main groups of ferns and fern allies. The section on evolutionary levels of sporoderm organization treats fern characters in a very general way and on a family level. The terms primitive, derived, and specialized are used to indicate different levels of organization of the spore wall.

Beschreibung: The genus Belvisia is revised. Two species are transferred from Lemmaphyllum to Belvisia, and two species are reduced to varieties. The genus now includes eight species, reaching from tropical Africa to China, Polynesia, and Australia.

Beschreibung: In the present work details are given in the first place for the Malesian Olacaceae, representing the basis of my forthcoming treatment of the family in ‘Flora Malesiana’, in which full descriptions of the Malesian genera and species will be given. As the Olacaceae of Malesia are connected with those of South and Southeast Asia on the one, and those of Australia and the Pacific on the other side, it has been necessary to study the respective materials too. A part of the Malesian genera is represented also in Africa inch Madagascar, and even in Central and South America; the appertaining species have been studied but are not mentioned in this paper. A critical elaboration of the family for Africa and America is urgently needed, but will, as far as can be seen, be of no influence of the delimitation and scientific names of the Asiatic-Malesian Olacaceae.

Beschreibung: This atlas is the first of a series of three intended to give a factual basis to the forest conservation debate and aims to present a rigorous scientific basis for the current debate about precious ecosystems. In part I, the issues at stake are discussed with chapters amongst others on forest wildlife, people of the forest (the case of the forest people under threat is very sensibly discussed in this chapter), shifting cultivation, natural rain forest management, tropical timber trade, the protected areas system, etc. The chapters are written by many different authors, nicely illustrated with colour photographs, and maps and/or graphs where appropriate. At the end of each chapter references are given. This part alone is already unique in the amount of relevant information.

Beschreibung: A new species of the genus Palaquium, P. ravii Sasidharan & Vink, is described from Kerala State, India.

Beschreibung: The genus Badusa is transferred from the Cinchoneae to the Condamineae subtribe Portlandiinae: it is closely related to Morierina. A new species B. palawanensis is described from Palawan, and a new subspecies from Biak, B. corymbifera ssp. biakensis.

Beschreibung: The Goodeniaceae is a fascinating family, nearly exclusively Australian. It comprises 11 genera with some 400 species. Most of the genera are small to medium; the largest genera are Scaevola with nearly 100 species and Goodenia with 178 Australian species. The closely allied Brunoniaceae is monotypic, strictly Australian. By now the format of this series is well known. To its special attractions belong the fine colour photographs, especially in a family like the present one. Furthermore, it is illustrated with simple but clear habit pen-drawings, drawings and photographs of indumentum types, hairs, and seeds, and for every species a small map with the distribution within Australia. These maps, and the citation of up to five representative specimens per species, are insufficient to give an impression of rarity or commonness. Mention of the number of collections studied would do already.

Beschreibung: Nine new species of the genus Bulbophyllum are described. One of these belongs to section Macrobulbon, six others to section Sestochilus, and two to section Vesicisepalum.

Beschreibung: The Australian genus Wilkiea is recorded for Papua New Guinea. One species, W. foremanii, is described from the Wharton Range.

Beschreibung: Sericolea is a genus endemic to New Guinea. The relevant literature is surveyed. Descriptions are given of all species and keys provided to the 15 species and all infraspecific taxa accepted. Two species are described as new: S. coodei and S. microphylla. A new subspecies of S. brassii A. C. Sm. is recognized: ssp. carrii. S. arfakensis Gibbs, S. gracilis (Laut.) Schltr., and S. novoguineensis Gibbs reduced by Coode in a recent paper are reinstated and S. glabra Schltr.. also reduced by Coode, is recognized as a variety of S. micans Schltr. Three new varieties are distinguished in S. gaultheria (F. v. M.) Schltr. and one in S. novoguineensis Gibbs.

Beschreibung: Squamellaria Becc. is revised to include three species, one of which new, and one existing species is reduced. The genus is endemic to Fiji.

Beschreibung: The closely related genera Scurrula and Taxillus are reviewed for the Malesian region as a precursor to a treatment for Flora Malesiana. Scurrula is represented in the region by 8 species, of which S. aphodastrica and S. didyma are described as new. Taxillus is represented by one species, T. chinensis. The two genera are part of a floristic element of Gondwanan derivation which has reached the region from the Asian mainland, undergoing limited species radiation, and making a limited advance eastwards across Charles’ Line.

Beschreibung: This publication presents a catalogue of the taxa of the neotropical family Loricariidae, the mailed catfishes, including about 600 described species and 70 genera. An attempt is made to assign each species to its proper genus and to arrange the genera into an approximate phylogenetic order. Numerous new combina tions have become necessary. A new tribe, consisting of two new subtribes, and three new genera are herein established. Notes on type-material, recorded in the literature subsequent to an original description, are added. Literature references aim to include all publications containing original descriptions and proposals of new names.

Beschreibung: The present study deals with the taxonomy of a family of the brown algal order Sphacelariales in Europe. The taxonomy of this order is much influenced by the works of Sauvageau as published between 1900 and 1914. A short survey of the work on Spacelariales by him and his phycological predecessors is given in the introduction. The order Sphacelariales is described and its nomenclatural history is given. Other paragraphs deal with distribution, morphology and the used descriptive terminology, ecology, variability and culture studies, reproduction and life-history, systematic position and classification. In the notes on morphology the history of the descriptive terminology is incorporated, as well as discussions on the correct use of this terminology. Most technical terms are also included in the glossary, located near the end of this book. In the sections on ‘Form range and cultures’ and on ‘Reproduction and life-history’ the methods used for unialgal cultures and methods for chromosome counts are discussed. Also a review of life-histories in Sphacelariales is incorporated, as well as a discussion on the criteria used for the distinction of taxa and the delimination of the order. A key to the families concludes the treatment of the order. The family Sphacelariaceae, which is the largest and most cosmopolitan family of the order, is treated in a similar way. The two genera in this family, the monotypic genus Sphacella and the complex genus Sphacelaria, which contains four subgenera, seven sections and 16 species in Europe, are also treated in comparable paragraphs. Keys to the taxa and to ecological growth-forms (ecads) are given. In the paragraph on relationship of genera, subgenera, sections and species, several approaches for the construction of a classification are mentioned. The phyletic-cladistic approach, based upon methods developed by Hennig (1950), is discussed in detail. One conclusion is that the genus Choristocarpus cannot be considered to belong to a monophyletic group together with the Sphacelariaceae. Further it can be concluded that the Sphacelariaceae all belong to one group with a monophyletic origin. The monotypic genera Battersia, Disphacella and Chaetopteris have to be included into the genus Sphacelaria. Sphacella, however, is maintained as a monotypic genus. For nomenclatural reasons Sphacelaria reticulata (formerly Disphacella reticulata) must be chosen as type-species of the genus Sphacelaria. The descriptions of family, genera and sections are usually short, but the descriptions of the species are comprehensive and contain a formal description and a list of dimensions. The paragraphs on distribution start with summaries of coastal regions where the species occur. Each summary is followed by an extract of the list of collections and relevant references. Distribution maps are added. Full lists of collections and references for all species are published separately. Important taxonomic conclusions occur in Sphacelaria reticulata (was Disphacella reticulata (Lyngb.) Sauv.), in S. radicans (ecad libera found in the Baltic), in S. nana (= S. britannica Sauv.) which include S. saxatilis and which is different from S. rigidula (= S. furcigera Kütz.), in S. plumigera (unattached growthform = ecad pinnata, found in the Baltic), in S. mirabilis (was Battersia mirabilis Reinke ex Batt.), in S. fusca (different from S. rigidula), in S. cirrosa (includes S. bipinnata (Kütz.) Sauv. and S. hystrix Suhr ex Reinke which are incorporated amongst the five different ecads of the species) and in S. sympodiocarpa (which cannot be incorporated into one of the described subgenera). Most details of morphology are depicted.

Beschreibung: This compilation of stratigraphic and structural data accompanying the (re)issue of the 1:50000 sheets completes the project initiated by Prof. L.U. de Sitter in 1950. The total area mapped comprises about 400 km² in a strip more than 150 km from east to west. This part of the Hercynian tectogene is characterized by a very consistent sequence of Palaeozoic shelf sediments only interrupted by syn- to late-orogenetic flysch-molasse development. Neither of these sequences lend themselves to a simple geosynclinal model. Only the suprastructures of the orogene are exposed here; essentially decollement thrusting and folding. Fold and thrust vergences vary through 180° giving the centripetal pattern of the well-known Knee of Asturias. Very minor amounts of igneous rock have been mapped although activity in some form has been registered throughout most of the systems represented. The degree of metamorphism is so slight to have been negligible for the mapping.

Beschreibung: Sampling in the North Aegean Sea yielded nine species of the family Suberitidae, four of which, Pseudosuberites sulphureus, P. hyalinus, Suberiles ficus and S. syringella, are new for the fauna of the Eastern Mediterranean, and three more, S. carnosus, S. domuncula, and S. massa, are new records for the fauna of the Aegean Sea. For each of the nine species comments on the systematics, as well as geographical and ecological information is given. A redescription is given of the little known species Suberites massa Nardo. A review of the distribution of all Mediterranean Suberitidae is also presented, in which it is concluded that a further three species not represented in our material have been reported from the Eastern Mediterranean, viz. Laxosuberites ectyoninus, Prosuberites longispina, and P. epiphytum. Six suberitids reported from other parts of the Mediterranean so far have not been found in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Beschreibung: The sediments recovered at ODP Sites 745 and 746 in the Australian-Antarctic Basin are characterized by cyclic facies changes between clayey diatom oozes and diatomaceous clays ranging in age from late Miocene (about 10 Ma) to Quaternary.The gravel and terrigenous sand content of the sediments is used as an indicator of the intensity of ice rafting through time. Maxima are recorded at 8.7-7.9, 6.6-6.0, 5.0-4.4, and 4.0-3.2 Ma. The maxima in more recent times are much less pronounced and occur at 2.4-1.6 and 1.4-1.0 Ma. All sand- and gravel-sized terrigenous sediment particles are of gneissic or granitic origin and originated from the East Antarctic continent. The maxima of ice rafting recorded at Sites 745 and 746 do not appear to represent local phenomena. Rather they document major advances and decays of the Antarctic ice shelves and glaciers and therefore represent events of great importance for the reconstruction of the paleoceanography of the Southern Ocean and the glacial history of Antarctica. In general, ice rafting was pronounced in the late Miocene and early Pliocene epochs, which are characterized by repeated ice advances and retreats. Ice rafting was less intensive during the late Pliocene to Quaternary time period, when ice shelves remained relative stable.The clay minerals indicate the fluctuating influence of different source areas on the delivery of fine-grained terrigenous sediment components. Part of this material may have been delivered from the Permian Amery Formation or from equivalents of this formation.