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  • Chromatographie, Dünnschicht  (18)
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Springer  (35)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (35)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1979  (35)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (35)
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (35)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic acids and prolonged nitrogenase activity by non-growing, free-living Rhizobium japonicum (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 122 (1979), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhizobium japonicum ; Nitrogenase activity ; Nitrogen fixation ; Organic acids ; Cell-morphology ; Bacteroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhizobium japonicum 61-A-101 grew and fixed nitrogen more effectively on media containing an organic acid and a pentose sugar than on media containing only one of these carbon sources. Peak specific activities in the range 10–15 nmol C2H4 · h-1 · mg protein-1 were found for these organisms in a spot of growth about 1 cm diameter on agar surfaces exposed to air. Increasing concentrations of the organic acids (succinate or malonate) in a medium containing arabinose resulted in longer lasting activity. The inclusion of a third carbon source, glycerol, gave activity which remained at the maximum from about the 8 to the 18 day after inoculation although no growth of the bacteria occurs during the last 8 or 10 days. At low concentration of organic acid l-arabinose was a much better carbon source for supporting nitrogenase activity of these organisms that the d-form. Both organic acids affected the morphology of the bacteria. Higher concentrations, especially of malonate, gave swollen and distorted cells. When bacteria growing on organic acid-containing agar plates were suspended and plated after appropriate dilution on yeast extract — mannitolglycerol agar there was heterogeneity of colony form, with up to 90% microcolonies after growth on high malonate concentrations. The effects of malonate may be correlated with characteristics of the bacteroid form inside the nodule which contains relatively high concentrations of organic acids, especially malonate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411354
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase activity and nitrate respiration inAzospirillum spp. (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Azospirillum ; Denitrification ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The interaction between nitrate respiration and nitrogen fixation inAzospirillum lipoferum andA. brasilense was studied. All strains examined were capable of nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) under conditions of severe oxygen limitation in the presence of nitrate. A lag phase of about 1 h was observed for both nitrate reduction and nitrogenase activity corresponding to the period of induction of the dissimilatory nitrate reductase. Nitrogenase activity ceased when nitrate was exhausted suggesting that the reduction of nitrate to nitrite, rather than denitrification (the further reduction of nitrite to gas) is coupled to nitrogen fixation. The addition of nitrate to nitrate reductase negative mutants (nr-) ofAzospirillum did not stimulate nitrogenase activity. Under oxygen-limited conditionsA. brasilense andA. lipoferum were also shown to reduce nitrate to ammonia, which accumulated in the medium. Both species, including strains ofA. brasilense which do not possess a dissimilatory nitrite reductase (nir-) were also capable of reducing nitrous oxide to N2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689978
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature control of nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogenase ; Gene expression ; Protein synthesis ; Regulation ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Microbial ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At growth temperatures above 37°C, Klebsiella pneumoniae does not grow in a medium containing N2 or NO 3 - as nitrogen sources. However, both the growth in the presence of other nitrogen sources as well as the in vitro nitrogenase activity are not affected at this temperature. The inability to fix N2 at high temperature is due to the failure of the cells to synthesize nitrogenase and other nitrogen fixation (nif) gene encoded proteins. When cells grown under nitrogen fixing conditions at 30°C were shifted to 39°C, there was a rapid decrease of the rate of de novo biosynthesis of nitrogenase (component 1), nitrogenase reductase (component 2), and the nifJ gene product. There was no degradation of nitrogenase at the elevated temperature since preformed enzyme remained stable over a period of at least 3 h at 39°C. Thus, temperature seems to represent a third control system, besides NH 4 + and O2, governing the expression of nif genes of K. pneumoniae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406659
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of cyanobacteria from the aquatic fern, Azolla (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 120 (1979), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Azolla ; Cyanobacteria ; Blue-green algae ; Nitrogen fixation ; Symbiont ; Photoheterotroph ; Algal isolation ; Photosynthesis ; Plant metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure has been developed to isolate cyanobacteria from the aquatic fern Azolla. The method is based upon recovery of cyanobacterial “bundles” from digests of plants and use of this material as a massive inoculum for nitrogen-free media, followed by prolonged incubation in light. The procedure appears to select for those cells capable of growth in vitro. Isolated cyanobacteria were found to resemble Anabaena sp. morphologically but were capable of heterotrophic growth and had high nitrogenase activity when grown on fructose in the dark.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Hydrogen formation by cyanobacteria cultures selected for nitrogen fixation (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hydrogen production ; Nitrogen fixation ; Photosynthesis ; Cyanobacteria ; Enrichment cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seventy-one cyanobacteria containing cultures were enriched from various soil and water locations either under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions on agar medium selective for nitrogen fixation. Kept under argon containing 1% CO2 for 24 and 48 h most of these cultures evolved hydrogen at very variable rates up to 116 μl per mg chlorophyll and hour as a mean value over a time period of 24h. Several samples evolved hydrogen more efficiently compared with known hydrogen producing pure strains from culture collections. Thirty-one of the investigated cultures showed a hydrogen formation higher than 10 μl per mg chlorophyll and hour measured over 24 or 48 h. Among these all the morphological forms of cyanobacteria i.e. unicellular and filamentous with or without heterocysts are found. Hence, selecting for nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria seems to be a practical method to find efficient hydrogen producers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406654
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Modes of electron transfer from molecular hydrogen in Anabaena cylindrica (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Blue-green algae ; Hydrogen metabolism ; Nitrogen fixation ; Isolated heterocysts ; Inhibitors ; Plastoquinone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several natural and artificial electron donors were assayed in the C2H2-reduction of heterocysts isolated from the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. Among these, molecular hydrogen was the most effective one when the assays were performed in the light. The C2H2-reduction and the Knallgas reaction of intact Anabaena filaments as well as the H2-supported C2H2-reduction of isolated heterocysts were compared for their sensitivity towards several inhibitors known to affect the photosynthetic or respiratory electron flow. Among these, dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) affected all three reactions equally indicating that plastoquinone is a common intermediate of the H2-consumptions by either the respiratory or the photosynthetic electron transport. Metronidazole inhibited the H2-utilization via photosynthesis but did not affect the consumption of this gas by respiration and therefore allows to differentiate between the two pathways of hydrogen utilization. The studies with the inhibitors are suggestive for a segment of electron carriers on the membranes common to both photosynthesis and respiration in heterocysts of Anabaena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403500
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  • 7
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    Isolation and characterization of rapidly-growing, marine, nitrogen-fixing strains of blue-green algae (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Blue-green algae ; Nitrogen fixation ; Anabaena ; Cyanobacteria ; Marine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Five strains of heterocystous blue-green algae capable of high rates of growth and nitrogenase activity were isolated from shallow coastal environments. Growth of the organisms was characterized with respect to temperature, NaCl concentration in the medium, and nitrogen source. The temperature optima ranged from 35–42°C, and all but one of the strains displayed a requirement for added NaCl. The generation times under N2-fixing conditions were 5.1–5.9 h, and were as low as 3.4 h for growth on NH4Cl. Nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) was high throughout the logarithmic growth phase of each strain. The maximum value observed for one strain was 65.5 nmoles C2H4 produced/mg protein x min, and the average values for the five strains ranged from 24.5–46.7 nmoles C2H4/mg protein x min. The organisms all belong to the genusAnabaena. The growth and nitrogenase activity of these strains are much higher than those of the heterocystous blue-green algae commonly used for investigation of nitrogen metabolism, and they thus should prove to be useful physiological tools. Their prevalence, as judged by the ease of their enrichment and isolation, in bay and estuarine environments suggests that they are important contributors of combined nitrogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689980
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and detection of carbamate pesticides in autopsy tissues using thin-layer chromatography (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 287-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Carbamatpesticiden in biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481656
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Information content and equivocation of TLC identification procedures (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Informationsgehalt und »Äquivokation«
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method has been developed for the calculation of information contents of one-channel identification procedures, which is especially applicable in the area of thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The method can be considered as a refinement of the one proposed by Massart and can easily be extended to the combination of one-channel procedures. In addition, the quantity ‘equivocation’, which is complementary to the information content, is introduced. As an example the best TLC-systems and the best combinations of two TLC-systems for the identification of DDT and twelve related compounds are selected by using information contents or equivocations. The results for the individual systems are compared with those obtained by Massart.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur Berechnung von Informationsgehalten von Einkanal-Identifizierungsverfahren wurde entwickelt, die besonders gut für das Gebiet der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (DC) anwendbar ist. Sie kann als eine Verfeinerung der von Massart vorgeschlagenen Methode angesehen werden und kann auf einfache Weise für Kombinationen von Einkanal-Verfahren erweitert werden. Dabei wird der Begriff »Äquivokation«, komplementär zum Informationsgehalt, eingeführt. Als Beispiel wurden die besten DC-Systeme und Kombinationen von zwei DC-Systemen für die Identifizierung von DDT und zwölf verwandten Verbindungen unter Benutzung von Informationsgehalten oder »Äquivokationen« ausgewählt. Die Ergebnisse für die einzelnen Systeme werden mit den nach Massart gefundenen verglichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00468523
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  • 10
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    TLC separation of potential antithyroid agents: N-aryl-N′-benzenesulphonylthiocarbamides (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 407-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Arylbenzolsulfonylthiocarbamiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00468534
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  • 11
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    Universelle, halogenfreie DC-Fließmittel für Arzneisubstanzen (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 398-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von pharmazeut. Produkten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; halogenfreie Fließmittelsysteme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit 2 sauren, 2 basischen und einem neutralen Fließmittel mit unterschiedlichen Polaritäten und guten Trennleistungen konnten 151 von 157 geprüften Arzneisubstanzen mit hRf-Werten zwischen 10 und 90 chromatographiert werden.
    Notes: Summary Using two acidic, two alkaline and a neutral mobile phase of different polarities and high separation efficiencies 151 of 157 tested drug substances could be chromatographed with hRf-values between 10 and 90.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539712
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  • 12
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    Zur Veränderung der Fluorescenzintensität polycyclischer Aromaten auf Dünnschichtplatten (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 24-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Polycyclen in Wasser ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Änderung der Fluorescenzintensität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach der Verordnung über Trinkwasser und Brauchwasser für Lebensmittelbetriebe (Trinkwasserverordnung) vom 31. Januar 1975 müssen 6 Einzelverbindungen aus der Gruppe der polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe nachgewiesen werden. Das empfohlene Analysenverfahren basiert auf der Messung der Fluorescenz nach vorangegangener chromatographischer Trennung auf Adsorberschichten. Sowohl bei dieser Trennung als auch in der anschließenden Zeit verändert sich die Fluorescenzintensität einzelner Verbindungen z.T. beträchtlich. Systematische Untersuchungen an Kieselgel und an Mischschichten aus Aluminiumoxid und Acetylcellulose sollen die kritischen Punkte und die möglichen Fehlerquoten offen legen.
    Notes: Summary According to the regulation on the use of drinking and industrial water in food industry (Drinking Water Regulation) of 31 January, 1975, six individual compounds of the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons must be traced. The analytical procedure recommended is based on the measurement of fluorescence after preceding Chromatographic separation on adsorber layers. In the course of this separation and during the time that follows, the fluorescence intensity of various compounds changes, in some cases considerably. Systematic studies with silica gel and mixed layers of aluminium oxide and acetyl cellulose are intended to reveal critical points and possible ranges of error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490944
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  • 13
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    Zur Chromatographie von Metallchelaten (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 138-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn, der Metallchelate von 8-Mercaptochinolin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 8-Mercaptochinolin (Thiooxin) eignet sich zum Nachweis und zur Trennung von Metallen mit Hilfe der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie. Es bildet Neutralkomplexe definierter Zusammensetzung, die in wäßriger Phase schwerlöslich sind und in Chloroform extrahiert werden können. Fällung und Extraktion sind vom pH-Wert abhängig, wodurch eine Vortrennung der Metalle möglich ist. Beschrieben wird das dünnschicht-chromatographische Verhalten von 17 Metallchelaten. Die intensive Eigenfärbung der Komplexe erübrigt den Gebrauch von Anfärbereagentien. Die visuelle Nachweisgrenze der Metalle liegt zwischen 5 und 20 ng (Fluorescenzlöschung bei 254 nm). Spektralphotometrische Auswertung der Chromatogramme läßt eine Erniedrigung der Nachweisgrenze um etwa eine Zehnerpotenz erwarten.
    Notes: Summary 8-Mercaptoquinoline (thiooxine) is qualified for the detection and separation of metals by thin-layer chromatography. It forms neutral complexes in definite composition, which are insoluble in aqueous solution, but readily soluble in CHCl3. Precipitation and extraction are dependent on the pH value, whereby pre-separation of metals is possible. The thin-layer chromatographic behaviour of 17 metal chelates is described. No spraying is necessary for detection, since the complexes show different, characteristic colours. The visual detection limits of the metals are between 5 and 20 ng (fluorescence quenching at 254 nm). Spectrophotometric determination of the chromatograms lowers the detection limit by one power of ten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483594
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  • 14
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    Zur Chromatographie von Metallchelaten (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 144-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. der Metallchelate von 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinthion ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinthion (HPT) bildet mit den Metallen der 8. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems intensiv gefärbte Chelatkomplexe. Führt man die Reaktion in wäßriger Phase bei pH 7 aus, so werden alle Elemente der Gruppe erfaßt und als schwerlösliche Neutralkomplexe gefällt. Diese lassen sich mit Chloroform extrahieren und dünnschichtchromatographisch trennen. Die Nachweisgrenze der Metalle liegt zwischen 3 und 40 ng (Fluorescenzlöschung bei 254 nm). Spektralphotometrische Auswertung der Chromatogramme läßt eine Erniedrigung der Nachweisgrenze um eine Zehnerpotenz erwarten.
    Notes: Summary 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (HPT) forms highly coloured chelate complexes with the metals of the 8th sub-group. If the reaction is carried out in aqueous solution at pH 7, all elements of the group precipitate as insoluble neutral complexes. They can be extracted with CHCl3 and separated by thin-layer chromatography. The detection limit is between 3 and 40 ng (fluorescence quenching at 254 nm). Spectrophotometric determination of the chromatograms lowers the detection limit by one power of ten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00483595
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  • 15
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    Rapid T.L.C. separation of some closely related potential antidiabetic guanylpyrazole nitrates (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 44-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Guanylpyrazolnitraten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00470050
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  • 16
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    Diphenylamin im DC-Fließmittel als universelles Detektionsmittel (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 45-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Diphenylamin als Detektionsmittel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481170
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  • 17
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    Vollautomatische rechnergesteuerte Auswertung von Dünnschicht-Chromatogrammen (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 369-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; vollautomat. Auswertung von Chromatogrammen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden vollautomatische DC-Photometer beschrieben, bei denen ein Rechner die optimale Positionierung der DC-Flecke im Meßspalt steuert. Es lassen sich nicht nur die normalen Meßkurven, sondern auch die gemäß der Kubelka-Munk-Funktion transformierten Kurven für die Auswertung heranziehen. Infolge der Steuerung des Wellenlängenantriebes lassen sich auch Zweiwellenlängentechniken simulieren. Für die Auswertung eignet sich auch die 1. Ableitung der Meßkurve. Die Genauigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit wird gesondert nach Auftragefehler, Meßfehler, Positionierfehler und Fehler der Chromatographie ausgewiesen.
    Notes: Summary Automated photometers for evaluating TLC plates by an optimized positioning of the spots in respect to the centre of the light beam are described. The evaluation can be performed by using the original measuring curve or a transformed one in respect to the Kubelka-Munk function. Two-wavelength techniques can be simulated, for the monochromator is controlled by the computer. This method has an advantage in measuring not well separated spots. In this case also an evaluation of the first derivative is often successful. The accuracy and reproducibility is given in respect to the different sources of errors: spotting, measurement, positioning and chromatography.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00479975
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  • 18
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    The biology ofAzospirillum-sugarcane association II. Ultrastructure (1979)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 101 (1979), S. 143-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Azospirillum ; Nitrogen fixation ; Sugarcane ; Tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tissue cultures of sugarcane support abundant growth ofAzospirillum brasilense (SP 7). Visible after 1–2 weeks as a white or pink slime, this growth reaches 2×108 bacteria/mm2 on the surface of callus. Growth of the bacterium is strictly extracellular in viable callus, and instances of intracellular growth result from rupture of the cell wall during senescence of callus tissue. A significant proportion of the bacterial population on callus is pleomorphic. Varying the nitrogen source in the nutrient medium caused no obvious effect on callus cell structure. The presence of the bacterium caused structural alterations in callus cells which did not inhibit overall growth of the bacterium. Growth of callus as tight groups of cells lacking intercellular spaces may be important for the establishment of a long-term association withAzospirillum. The interface of bacteria and live callus tissue is at the surface of tight cell groups. Browning of the surface cell layers of these groups in the presence ofAzospirillum is not of the rapid nature known for hypersensitivity reactions. Rather, this production of phenolics appears to be due to the accumulation of extracellular bacterial metabolites. The ultrastructure of this and other callus reactions is described. As evidenced by organogenesis, the associated cultures have remained viable for at least 18–20 months.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281569
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  • 19
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    Nitrogen-fixing bacillus species from Egyptian soils: Acetylene reduction and cultural conditions (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 51 (1979), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Aerobic ; Anaerobic ; Bacillus ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Among 390 isolates from Egytiian soils initially grown on Brown's N-free agar, 15 facultative Bacillus isolates were able to reduce acetylene in Stanier's N-poor broth under both aerobic and anaerobic (N2 atmosphere) conditions. Some of these isolates were Gram-positive, with unswollen sporangia and thin-walled endospores. Other strains were with slightly or definitely bulged sporangia. Yeast extract (0.01%) was essential for growth stimulation and N2[C2H2] fixation by these isolates. Replacing yeast extract with 20 μg/ml (NH4)2SO4 or biotin, thiamine and amino acids (singly or in combination) resulted in stimulation of growth and N2[C2H2] fixation, though at lower rates than in yeast extract. One isolate was able to grow and reduce C2H2 in Stanier's N-free liquid medium. Nitrogenase [C2H2] activity of the anaerobically grown and incubated cultures was greater than aerobic cultures. Addition of 0.1% CaCO3 to the culture media significantly increased and O2 partially inhibited, N2[C2H2] fixation by these Bacillus isolates. Studies of the characteristics and N2[C2H2] fixing activities of these isolates indicate that at least some of them are new nitrogen-fixingBacillus species.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232882
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  • 20
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    Influence of a carbamate pesticide on growth, respiration (14C)-carbon metabolism and symbiosis of aRhizobium sp. (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 51 (1979), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aldicarb ; 14C-carbon metabolism ; Cowpea ; Growth ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Pesticide ; Respiration ; Rhizobium ; Soil ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Addition of aldicarb (2 methyl-2(methyl thio) propionaldehyde-0-methyl carbamoyl oxime) in the growth medium enhanced the growth ofRhizobium sp. (cowpea group) at 2 ppm level while an inhibition was observed at the normal (5 ppm) and higher (10 ppm) concentrations. Respiration of the cells was also inhibited by 5 and 10 ppm levels of the chemical eventhough a stimulation was observed at 2 ppm (lower) concentration. The insecticide, when incorporated at 5 and 10 ppm levels in the medium increased the14C-glucose incorporation and considerably altered the assimilation of the radioactive carbon in different fractions of rhizobium cells. Soil application of this insecticide (Temik 10 G) reduced the number of nodules formed and the total nitrogen content in cowpea plants inoculated with theRhizobium sp. but enhanced the dry matter production of cowpea plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197782
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    Inoculation of millet with azospirillum (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum ; Dry weight ; Greenhouse ; Inoculation ; Millet ; Nitrogen fixation ; Pennisetum ; Spirillum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Millet plants (Pennisetum glaucum) were grown at three levels of nitrogen fertilization with and without an inoculum of live nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum cells. The highest average rate of nitrogen fixation as estimated from acetylene reduction by excised preincubated roots was only 23g N2 fixed per ha per day and occurred after treatment with low levels of nitrogen amendment. The average rates of acetylene reduction for intact plants at all treatments were also low. The lack of significant nitrogen fixation due to an Azospirillum-millet association in this study was substantiated by plant dry weight analysis, and determination of the nitrogen content of plants, pot leachate, and soil. There was significant correlation between the total nitrogen content of the plants per pot at the termination of the experiment and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer added initially, but there was no effect of inoculum on final total nitrogen content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197731
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  • 22
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    Nodulation, nitrogen fixation, leaf area, and sugars content inLablab purpureus as affected by sulfur nutrition (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 53 (1979), S. 319-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Dolichos ; Growth ; Greenhouse ; Lablab ; Leaf area ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Sand culture ; Sugars ; Sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In order to explore interrelations between S nutrition, soluble sugars, leaf area, nodulation and N2 fixation, greenhouse experiments were done with several levels of S added to perlite-sand cultures or to a moderately S-deficient soil. Sulfur had indirect effects on nodulation and N2 fixation, possibly by improving sugars supply and N metabolism. In perlite-sand culture, leaf area increased with concentrations of supplied S up to 50 and 200 μM for symbiotic and N-treated plants respectively, then decreased at higher concentrations. Plant yield and total sugars content (mg per plant) for the N-treated plants behaved similar to leaf area in response to added S but in the symbiotic plants maximum values were obtained at 100 μM S. In soil, Mo had no effect on growth but interacted significantly with S in affecting total sugars content. High levels of S depressed sugars content at low Mo but raised it at high Mo. Sulfur increased the N content of soil-grown plants. It increased the N content of plants grown in perlite-sand culture except at very high levels of S. There was little effect on concentration of N in the shoots. Nitrogen content correlated significantly with leaf area and sugar content, and highly significantly with S concentration in the shoots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277866
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    Nitrogen-fixing root nodules inDatisca Cannabina L. (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 51 (1979), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Actinomycete symbioses ; Datisca cannabina ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The occurrence of root nodules inDatisca cannabina is reported. The nodules are typically of the Alnus type, forming dichotomously-branched coralloid clusters. The enlarged cortical cells contain vesicle clusters of the endophyte. The nodules reduced acetylene to ethylene at a rate of 5.5 μmoles ethylene per g fresh wt of nodules per hour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02205938
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    Some characteristics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, yield, protein and oil accumulation in irrigated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 51 (1979), S. 373-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; Peanuts ; Rhizobium ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrogen fertilizers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The potential of peanuts for symbiotic nitrogen fixation is considerable and under optimal edaphic and climatic conditions it reached 222 kg N2/ha, which was 58% of the nitrogen accumulated in the plants. The effect of the Rhizobium inoculation on crude protein accumulation in the yield (kg/ha) was 3–4 times greater than its effect on the yield of pods and hay. There was an inverse relationship between the protein and oil content in the kernels. Seasonal changes in nitrogenase activity in the nodules were determined by the acetylene reduction method during two growing seasons. Under favorable conditions the specific activity of the nitrogenase reached a very high level (up to 975 μmoles C2H2 g dry wt nod/h) and the total activity (μmoles C2H4/plant/h) was also high in spite of the relatively poor nodulation (weight and number). The high activity was drastically reduced (to 75 μmoles C2H4 g dry wt nod/h) due to exceptionally hot and dry weather, which occurred in the middle of the second half of the growing season. It appears that N2-fixation (nitrogenase activity) is more sensitive to these unfavorable conditions, than is nodule growth. Maximum nitrogenase activity was observed during the podfilling stage; until 50–60 days after planting, nitrogenase activity was very low.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197784
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    Estimate of symbiotically fixed nitrogen in field grown soybeans using variations in15N Natural abundance (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 269-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: acetylene reduction assay ; Nitrogen fixation ; 15N natural abundance ; Soybean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The use of variations in natural abundance of15N between nitrogen fixing and non nitrogen fixing soybeans was investigated for quantitative estimate of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Isotopic analysis of 4 varieties of inoculated and non-inoculated soybeans growing under field conditions, with and without N-fertilizer was determined. It was found that inoculated soybeans had a significantly lower15N content than non-inoculated ones. Estimates of the participation of fixed N to the total nitrogen content of inoculated soybeans were calculated from these differences. They were compared to estimates calculated from differences in N yield between inoculated and noninoculated plants and to the nitrogenase activity, measured by the C2H2 reduction assay over the growing season. Estimates given by the15N measurements were correlated with the C2H2 reducing activity but not with the differences in the N yield. This shows that the isotopic composition was dependent on the amount of fixed nitrogen and consequently that the estimates of fixed nitrogen based on natural15N abundance should be reliable. The absence of correlation between estimates based on15N content and estimates based on N yield was explained by differences in the uptake of soil nitrogen between inoculated and non inoculated soybeans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184565
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    Uptake and evolution of H2 and reduction of C2H2 by root nodules and nodule homogenates ofAlnus glutinosa (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 571-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Actinomycetous symbiosis ; Alnus glutinosa ; Hydrogenase Hydrogen evolution ; Hydrogen uptake ; Nitrogen fixation ; Respiration ; Root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In the growing season no net H2 evolution is detected when root nodules ofAlnus glutinosa are incubated in air or in argon containing 20% O2. Due to the hydrogenase activity, N2-fixing root nodules consume added H2 at a rate of about 1.4 μmoles H2.g fresh nodule−1.h−1. The uptake of H2 is only found in summer. At the end of the season, in autumn, nodules evolve significant quantities of H2 although the nodules still continue to fix nitrogen. In-vitro studies with fractionated homogenates of summer-harvested nodules show that the recovery of the hydrogenase is high when using methylene-blue or phenazine metasulfate as electron acceptors. No hydrogenase activity is detected in homogenates of autumn-harvested nodules. The hydrogenase is localised in the microsymbiont.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277953
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    Nitrogen fixation byRubus ellipticus J. E. Smith (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 53 (1979), S. 541-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Root nodules ; Actinomycetous symbiosis ; Rubus ellipticus ; Raspberry ; Rosaceae ; Food-yielding nodulated non-legume ; Nitrogen fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogenase activity as assayed by acetylene reduction was observed in detachedRubus ellipticus J. E. Smith root nodules collected in the field and tested under ambient conditions. The nitrogenase activity was 8.4 μmoles C2H4.gfr. wt nodule−1.h−1 or 24.0 μmoles C2H4.g dry wt nodule−1.h−1 being at a rate comparable with that measured in some other non-legumes assayed in Java at the same time under similar conditions. Nodule morphology bore little resemblance to the root nodules of other non-leguminous plants and nodule structure was different from the other rosaceous examples. The endophyte inhabiting the root nodules was actinomycetal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140725
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    Dünnschicht-chromatographische Trennung und Detektion von 14 1,4- bzw. 1,5-Benzodiazepin-Handelspräparaten und 17 Hauptmetaboliten (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Benzodiazepinen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Metaboliten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die DC-Trennung von 14 1,4- bzw. 1,5-Benzodiazepinen und 17 Hauptmetaboliten sowie die Detektion mit Bratton-Marshall-, Dragendorff- und Jodoplateat-Reagens werden beschrieben. Rf-Werte sowie die Reaktionen mit den Reagentien sind tabellarisch zusammengestellt und Biotransformationsschemata angegeben.
    Notes: Summary Experimental details for the separation are described and data are compiled for Rf-values and reactions with Bratton-Marshall, Dragendorff and iodoplateate-reagents. Biotransformation schemes for the individual benzodiazepines are presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00523935
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    Dünnschicht-chromatographischer Nachweis von IOXYNIL in biologischem Material (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 288-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Ioxynil in Biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481657
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    Alcohol separation by thin-layer chromatography. II (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 263-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Alkoholen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; C1-C20, 6 Trennsysteme, Dinitrobenzoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Thin-layer chromatography on rice starch, maize starch, cellulose and talc makes possible the separation of the homologous series of 3,5-dinitrobenzoates of aliphatic alcohols C1 to C20. Six different solvent systems have been employed. Dependence of R f-values on the number of C-atoms on various supports is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie auf Reisstärke, Maisstärke, Cellulose und Talk wurde die homologe Reihe der 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate von aliphatischen Alkoholen C1 bis C20 getrennt. Sechs verschiedene Fließmittel wurden benutzt. Die Abhängigkeit der R f-Werte von der Zahl der C-Atome auf verschiedene Schichten wird diskutiert.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481489
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    Rapid T.L.C. separation of some closely related potential antineoplastic arylazopyrazoles (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 272-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Arylazopyraolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00481495
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    Trennung und Identifizierung von 12 antimikrobiellen Verbindungen mittels Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 36-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Antimikrobiellen Verbindungen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Trennung und Identifizierung von halogenierten, vorwiegend aliphatischen antimikrobiellen Verbindungen, von Formaldehyd abgebenden Substanzen und von Sulfonsäure-Derivaten auf dünnschicht-chromatographischem Wege wird beschrieben. Die Trennung erfolgt auf einer Kieselgel-Cellulose-Mischschicht mit Äthylacetat/Methanol/10% Ammoniak (65+30+5) als Laufmittel. Zur Sichtbarmachung und zur Identifizierung sind mehrere Sprühmittel notwendig: äthanolischeMethylgelb-Lösung mit anschließender UV-Bestrahlung, Phenylhydrazinsulfonat und Natronlauge sowie Hydroxylamin/Eisen(III)-chlorid und Nitroprussidnatrium-Kaliumhexacyanoferrat (III) u. a. Anhand der verschiedenen Rf-Werte und der Anfärbungen lassen sich die antimikrobiellen Verbindungen rasch und einfach identifizieren.
    Notes: Summary The analysis of halogenated, mainly aliphatic compounds, of formaldehyde donors and of derivatives of sulphonic acid is described. The separation is carried out on plates coated with a mixed layer of silica gel and cellulose and a solvent mixture of ethylacetate/methanol/10% ammonia (65+30+5), whereas for the detection and identification several spray reagents have to be used: ethanolic solution of Methyl Yellow with subsequent UV irradiation, phenylhydrazine-4-sulphonic acid and sodium hydroxide, hydroxylamine/iron(III) chloride, sodium nitroprusside/potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and others. The Rf-values and the colourations of the spots allow to identify the examined compounds rapidly and without further chemical procedures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694659
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    TLC separation of some inorganic ions on DCTA impregnated thin-layer plates (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 42-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von anorg. Ionen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; DCTA-imprägniert
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694660
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    Identification of some closely related potential antidiabetic 4-arylhydrazono-N′-benzylsulphonyl-3-methyl-2-pyrazoline-5-ones by TLC (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 414-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Identifizierung von Arylhydrazin-benzylsulfonylmethylpyrazolinonen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00468541
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    Separation and identification of closely related sulpha drugs by TLC on silica gel — calcium oxalate impregnated plates (1979)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 299 (1979), S. 207-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Sulfonamiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581378
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