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  • Zea  (23)
  • Auxin  (19)
  • Spektralphotometrie, Atomabsorption  (19)
  • Immunocytochemistry  (17)
  • Springer  (73)
  • 1975-1979  (73)
  • 1978  (73)
Collection
Keywords
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  • Springer  (73)
Years
  • 1975-1979  (73)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 155-158 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena ; Cell-wall regeneration ; Electrical potential ; Nicotiana ; Protoplast culture ; Turgor pressure ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four independent kinds of observations indicate that the cell wall regenerated by oat (Avena sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) protoplasts in culture is less well developed than that regenerated by tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) protoplasts. Following wall regeneration the cereal protoplasts remained susceptible to osmotic shock upon transfer to water, showed great enlargement, stained poorly with calcofluor white, and maintained a positive internal electrical potential. The development of a negative membrane potential by tobacco protoplasts in culture often occurred simultaneously with the onset of cell division. Since division was observed only in protoplasts which had regenerated good cell walls and had re-established negative membrane potentials it is suggested that culture conditions which favor these two processes should improve protoplast viability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Avena ; Helianthus ; pH drop ; Pisum ; Protoplast suspension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several indoleacetic acids, substituted in the benzene ring, were compared in the Avena straight growth bioassay. 4-Chloroindoleacetic acid, a naturally occurring plant hormone, is one of the strongest hormones in this bioassay. With an optimum at 10-6 mol l-1, it is more active than indoleacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid. 5-Chloro- and 6-chloroindoleacetic acids are very strong auxins as well. Other derivatives tested have a lower activity. 5,7-Dichloro- and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids have very low auxin activity at 10-4 mol l-1 and may be anti-auxins. Some of the derivatives were compared for their effect on pH decline in stem protoplast suspensions of Helianthus annuus L. and Pisum sativum L. The change of pH occurs without a lag period or with only a very short one. Derivatives which are very active in the Avena straight growth assay cause a larger pH decline than indoleacetic acid, while inactive derivatives cause effectively no pH decline.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin binding ; Coleoptiles ; Multiple receptors ; Tonoplast ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In-vitro binding of labeled auxins to sedimentable particles was tested in subcellular fractions from homogenates of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. The material was fractionated by differential centrifugation or on sucrose density gradients. It was confirmed that the major saturable binding activity (site I) for 1-naphthyl[1-14C]acetic acid is associated with vesicles derived from the endoplasmatic reticulum. A second type of specific auxin binding (site II) could be distinguished by several criteria, e.g. by the low affinity towards phenylacetic acid. The particles carrying site II could be clearly separated from markers of the endoplasmatic reticulum, the plasmalemma, the mitochondria and the nuclei, while their density as well as sedimentation velocity correlated with particle-bound acid phosphatase, indicating a localization at the tonoplast. In contrast to site I, binding at site II was hardly affected by a supernatant factor and by sulfhydryl groups. However, the specificity pattern of site II towards auxins and auxin analogs was very similar to that of site I tested in the presence of supernatant factor. The existence of a third auxin receptor localized in plasma membrane-rich gradient fractions was indicated by a preferential in-vitro binding of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 107-109 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Leaf movement ; Phaseolus ; Pulvinus ; Turgor movement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Auxin application to the upper side of the pulvinus of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. promoted bending away from the place of application. The effect had a latency of less than 20 min and was specifically induced by substances known as active auxins in growth tests (indoleacetic and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid) but not by inactive auxin analogs (2-naphthaleneacetic, 3-indolepropionic and benzoic acid); 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and L-(-)-2,4-dichlorophenoxyisopropionic acid were of intermediate activity. Auxin-promoted bending was reversible and presumably caused by turgor increase in the treated cells.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 201-211 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Cell elongation ; Coleoptiles ; Fusicoccin ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To analyze early effects of auxin application, an apparatus was developed which continuously and simultaneously registered the curvature of 10 individual maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. Resolution was less than 5 μm over a range of ±0.5 mm. The data were evaluated and plotted via paper tape and Hewlett-Packard-computer. Unilateral application of 3×10-5 M indoleacetic acid (IAA) resulted in a transient inhibition of growth on the side of application for ca. 10 min (Phase I), followed by a strong stimulation (Phase II). The phytotoxin fusicoccin (FC) caused an immediate stimulation of elongation. The initial negative reaction of Phase I is auxin-specific. Only active auxins such as IAA and 1-naphtaleneacetic acid produced this initial inhibition; chemical analogs-inhibitory or neutral in long-term growth tests, e.g. phenylacetic acid-did not show any significant effects on Phase I. When the coleoptiles were symmetrically preloaded with different levels of auxin, only a large step-up of subsequent unilateral auxin application resulted in a negative phase I; a small step-up led to an immediate positive reaction. The results are discussed in context with the parallel kinetics for various other auxin-induced reactions of coleoptile cells which have already been published.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorophyll (fluorescence) ; Fluorescence (chlorophyll) ; Lincomycin ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Light-induced fluorescence decay was examined during the greening of control and lincomycintreated maize (Zea mays L.) leaves. Assuming that this decay to a first approximation is the result of two parallel first-order reactions, the fluorescence induction curves were linearized on the logarithm plot and the parameters were determined. The variable fluorescence increased, and the parameters of the two linear sections of the fluorescence decay—that is, the kinetics of the induction curves—changed during the greening of the control leaves. Lincomycin treatment caused some chlorophyll deficiency and the lowering of the chlorophyll a/b ratio, changed the fluorescence emission spectra and the effect of Mg2+ on the regulation of the excitation energy distribution. The structure of the thylakoids and the kinetics of the fluorescence decay were also changed in the treated leaves. The possible relationship between the change of the kinetics of the fluorescence decay and the change of spillover during greening and after lincomycin treatment is discussed.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abelmoschus ; Auxin ; Gibberellin ; Root formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) enhanced the formation of roots on the stem cuttings of Abelmoschus esculentus. The effect increased considerably when both IAA and GA3 were applied together.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 107-110 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Auxin ; Nitrogen fixation (asymbiotic) ; Pisum ; Rhizobium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of epicotyls of dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings with indole-3-acetic acid causes swelling of the tissue. Application of Rhizobium to the cut surface of the swollen tissue results in the development of an “infection”. The infection spreads in the cortical cells and proceeds 2–3 mm deep into the stem within 3–4 days. An acetylene reduction assay used for detecting nitrogen-fixation capacity of the infected tissue was negative at 10% [O2]; however, if [O2] was reduced to below 1%, some activity could be detected. Ultrastructural observations indicate that the cytoplasmic contents of the infected cells are destroyed and no membrane structure around the bacteria is formed during this infection. Rhizobium does not appear to have developed any symbiotic relationship with the host. Failure to develop symbiosis appears to result in a parasitic or saprophytic association and the nitrogen fixed under such conditions may not be of any use to the plant.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell division ; Cell wall ; Golgi apparatus ; Secretory vesicles ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Epidermal cells of maize roots were studied to determine the distribution of Golgi apparatus-derived secretory vesicles in various stages of cell division. The following conclusions were reached: 1) The pattern of Golgi apparatus secretion varies with the cell cycle. 2) Large numbers of secretory vesicles are incorporated into the cell plate. 3) Secretory vesicles from the Golgi apparatus are incorporated primarily in walls undergoing expansion. 4) Secretory vesicles are smaller during mitosis and the first part of cytokinesis than they are during interphase. 5) Secretory vesicles account for at least 12–23% of cell-plate plasma membrane and an estimated 25% of cell-plate volume.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 119-122 
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glycosidases ; Root ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four glycosidases were analyzed in 10 mm apical segments prepared from growing roots (15 mm) of Zea mays L. The pH optima were found to be 5.8 for β-glucosidase, 4.4 for β-galactosidase, 6.4 for α-glucosidase and 6.0 for α-galactosidase. The β-glucosidase showed 4-fold higher activity than the β-galactosidase. The distribution of the β-glucosidase activity was signifcantly different from that of the β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase and α-galactosidase.
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