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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (370)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (370)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1975-1979  (370)
  • 1978  (370)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (370)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Years
  • 1975-1979  (370)
Year
  • 101
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    Epstein-barr virus in somatic cell hybrids between mouse cells and human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Somatic cell hybrids between mouse cells and cells derived directly from NPC biopsies were produced in order to study the association of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome and the expression of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) with the human chromosome(s). All attempts to correlate the presence of EBV-DNA and the expression of EBNA with the presence of a particular human chromosome(s) showed that the segregation of EBV-DNA or of EBNA and human chromosomes was dysconcordant. The data, therefore, suggest that in the hybrids studied the presence of EBA-DNA is not determined by the presence of a specific human chromosome.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040970102
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  • 102
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    Transforming viruses directly reduce the cellular growth requirement for a platelet derived growth factor (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Early passage mouse embryo fibroblasts, mouse 3T3 cell lines, and early passage diploid human fibroblasts grew to higher cell densities in tissue culture medium supplemented with serum than in medium supplemented with defibrinogenated platelet-poor plasma (PPP). Unlike the mouse cells, the human fibroblasts displayed this differential growth response only in the presence of hypophysiologic concentrations of calcium. The addition of heat-treated extracts of human platelets to PPP-supplemented medium stimulated the replication of both the normal mouse cells and early passage human embryo fibroblasts.Human or mouse fibroblasts transformed by either retroviruses or by SV40, including SV40 infected “serum revertants” and “flat transformants,” grew to equal cell densities in medium supplemented with either serum or PPP. Infection of Balb/c-3T3 cells with SV40 rapidly induced them to grow in PPP-supplemented medium demonstrating that the ability of SV40-transformed cell lines to proliferate in PPP-supplemented medium does not arise from the cell culture selection procedures usually employed to obtain stable virus-transformed cell lines. 3T3 cells infected but not transformed by retroviruses do not replicate in PPP-supplemented medium demonstrating that reduction of the growth requirement for the platelet growth factor(s) by retroviruses is a transformation-specific response. Cell cultures that did not proliferate well in PPP-supplemented medium did not form tumors when inoculated into athymic nude mice. Many, although not all, of the lines which grew well in PPP medium were tumorigenic in nude mice. Together, these findings indicate that: (1) normal fibroblast-like cells display a growth requirement for factor(s) present in serum but not found in PPP; (2) this serum specific growth factor is derived from platelets; (3) a primary response to viral transforming genes is a reduction in the growth requirement for these platelet-derived factors; and (4) cells that have a reduced requirement for the platelet-derived growth factor are often tumorigenic.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040970312
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  • 103
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    Osmotic properties of ehrlich ascites tumor cells during the cell cycleThis research was supported by Grant #CA-12956, National Cancer Institute (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 381-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were grown and maintained in continuous spinner culture. The population of dividing cells was synchronized by a double thymidine block technique. Cell cycle phases were determined graphically by plotting mitotic index, cell number, and DNA synthesis against time. Changes in the osmotic properties of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells during the cell cycle are described. Permeability to water is highest at the initiation of S and progressively decreases to its lowest value just after mitosis. Heats of activation for water permeability vary during the cell cycle, ranging from 9-14 kcal/mole. Results may imply changes in the state of water in the membrane during the cycle. The volume of osmotically active cell water is highest during S and early G2 and decreases during the mitotic phase, as cells undergo division. Total water content remains stable at 82% (w/w) during the cycle. Total concentration of the three major ions (Na, K, Cl), expressed as mEq/liter total cell volume, does not change. The fraction of total cell water which is osmotically active (Ponder's R) decreased gradually from 0.75 at S to about 0.56 following mitosis. Findings suggest that a fraction of the total water within the cell exists in a “bound” form and is, therefore, incapable of being shifted under the driving force of osmotic pressure. This fraction of bound water increases during the cell cycle. Possible alterations in membrane fluidity and the state of water in the cell are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040970313
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  • 104
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    Regulation of dihydrofolate reductase gene expression in mouse fibroblasts during the transition from the resting to growing state (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 397-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rate of accumulation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was studied in resting, growing and serum stimulated mouse 3T6 fibroblasts by first exposing the cells briefly to 10-6 M methotrexate (MTX) to inactivate specifically and irreversibly the pre-existing enzyme, then determining the rate of recovery of reductase activity after removal of MTX. DHFR activity was quantitated by measuring the ability of a cell extract to reduce 3H-folic acid or to bind 3H-MTX. In all cases, recovery of enzyme activity was inhibited by cyclo-heximide, indicating that the recovery was due to de novo synthesis of reductase.We found that the rate of accumulation of DHFR was high in exponentially growing cells, as expected, but about 40-fold lower in resting (G0) 3T6 cells. When resting 3T6 cells were induced to re-enter the cell cycle following serum stimulation, we found that the rate of accumulation of DHFR increased sharply about ten hours after serum stimulation. DNA replication also began at this time. When resting cells were serum stimulated in the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis (hydroxyurea or cytosine arabinoside), the increase in DHFR synthesis was the same as in control stimulated cells. This indicates a lack of tight coupling between DNA synthesis and reductase gene expression. The increase in DHFR accumulation was inhibited by Actinomycin D (5 μg/ml) if the drug was added 7.5 hours after stimulation, but was not inhibited if the drug was added 15 hours after stimulation. This is consistent with the idea that DHFR gene expression is regulated at the level of transcription, and that reductase mRNA is transcribed only between 7.5 and 15 hours following stimulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040970314
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  • 105
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    Measurements of metabolites during cAMP oscillations of Dictyostelium discoideum (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 413-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During aggregation the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum synthesizes and releases pulses of cAMP about every five minutes. Current models proposed to explain this phenomenon postulate that oscillating levels of some key intracellular metabolite control the oscillatory synthesis of cAMP. We have assayed the levels of likely candidates for this metabolite during a cAMP oscillation, but have found them to remain constant. Compounds measured include ATP, GTP, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, amino acids, and other aminated metabolites. On the basis of this negative data, as well as results described elsewhere (Geller and Brenner, 1978), we question whether the proposed models are correct, and discuss several alternatives.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040970316
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  • 106
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    Effect of phosphate esters, nucleotides and nucleosides on 5′-nucleotidase of cultured mouse macrophagesThis work was supported by U. S. Public Health Service Grant No. AI-03260 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mouse peritoneal macrophages elicited by intraperitoneal injection of sodium caseinate exhibit low levels of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (E. C. 3.1.3.5) activity in contrast to macrophages obtained by peritoneal lavage. When elicited cells were cultured under standard conditions in the presence of serum, a 2.5-fold increase in 5′-nucleotidase activity was observed over a period of 48 hours. Addition of adenosine monophosphate to the culture medium led to an augmented (5-fold) increase in the specific activity (per unit cell protein) as well as an absolute increase (per culture plate) of 5′-nucleotidase. Other adenosine-containing compounds also had stimulatory effects. The levels of this enzyme thus appear to be regulated by the extracellular levels of adenosine nucleotides. The product of the enzymatic reaction-adenosine-when added to the medium exhibited a toxic effect on these cells-as did adenosine monophosphate. However, the former substance did not augment the increase in enzyme activity during culture. The toxic effect could be suppressed when the cells were cultured in the presence of uridine 5′-monophosphate. The latter substance also depressed the stimulation of enzyme activity due to AMP.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960114
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  • 107
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    Control of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate shunt in transformed 3T3 cultures rendered permeable by ATPThe following abbreviations are used: 3T6, a cell line derived from Swiss 3T3 cells by spontaneous transformation. ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Buffer A is a mixture containing 0.1 M Tris HCl-0.05 M NaCl-50 μM CaCl2-5 mg/ml dextran 500 and is adjusted to pH 8.2 (at 23°). (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Exogenous ATP has been shown earlier to activate a permeability change in transformed 3T3 cultures leading to massive efflux of the acidsoluble pools. This leads to reduction of the basal rate of glycolysis to a very low level so that glycolysis becomes almost totally dependent on the addition to the medium of glucose, inorganic phosphate and ADP in order to restore the rate to that of untreated cells. No such depression of glycolysis is observed in untreated transformed cells or in ATP-treated normal 3T3 cells. In such permeabilized cultures, phosphorylated intermediates such as glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-diphosphate can serve as effective substrates for lactic acid formation. ATP treatment of cultured cells also allows molecules as big as NADP to enter the cells and participate in the pentose phosphate shunt pathway. This ability to temporarily and differentially render transformed cells permeable allows a review of several aspects of cellular metabolism and biosynthesis in the intact cell where the cellular organization is maintained. Furthermore, it deserves serious consideration as a means to achieve differential cytotoxicity of transformed cells by chemotherapeutic agents which, on their own, are indiscriminate in their action.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960111
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  • 108
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    Masthead (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960201
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  • 109
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    Peritoneal exudate cells. V. Influence of age, sex, strain and species on the induction and the growth of macrophage colony forming cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the effects of age, sex and strain in the induction of peritoneal exudate colony-forming cells (PE-CFC) in mice. Sex and age (ranging from 3 weeks to 12 months) had no significant effect on the induction of PE-CFC. However, we found significant difference between strains in terms of the number of nucleated cells and the proportion of PE-CFC in exudate cells. When we investigated the mechanisms behind this strain difference, we found that it was due to neither the type of colony-stimulating factor employed in culture, nor the type of stimulants used to induce the exudate, nor the difference in the kinetics of appearance of PE-CFC in the peritoneal cavity.We also studied the induction of PE-CFC in rats and hamsters and the growth of these cells in vitro. Unlike mouse cells, PE-CFC from rats and hamsters could also use media conditioned by cells from other species as a source of colony-stimulating factor.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960116
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  • 110
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    Embryonic diapause in the marsupial Macropus eugenii. Stimulation of nuclear RNA polymerase activity in the blastocyst during resumption of development (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During the breeding season from January to June, female wallabies which are suckling a young animal in the pouch may carry a dormant embryo (lactational quiescence). Removal of the pouch young during this period results in a resumption of embryo development. In the latter half of the year, the embryo will not reactivate after removing the suckling young (seasonal quiescence). In this situation, development resumes spontaneously in late December or may be induced prematurely by progesterone treatment. The response of the genome of quiescent macropod blastocysts was studied during the early period of growth. Changes in the transcriptional activity of the embryo cells were measured by assay for endogenous RNA polymerases. Embryos actively synthesized RNA during both lactational and seasonal quiescence. Termination of seasonal quiescence resulted in increases in RNA polymerase activities within the nucleolus and nucleoplasm of the cell. This occurred on the day following the summer solstice, December 22, 1974, in animals captured in the wild, or within 48 hours of administration of progesterone. Embryos which were induced to resume development during the breeding season also showed increases in nucleolar and nucleo-plasmic polymerase activities within five days of removal of suckling young from the pouch. In all situations, the response of the nucleolar enzymes was greater than that of the nucleoplasmic enzymes. This is in agreement with other observations of the regulation of gene activity in growth-stimulated cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940105
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  • 111
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    ATP, trehalose, glucose and ammonium ion localization in the two cell types of Dictyostelium discoideum (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 37-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ultra-microfluorometric techniques were adapted to follow several compounds related to energy metabolism through the developmental cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum. Each compound (ATP, trehalose, glucose, and ammonium ion) was found to be present in stalk and/or spore cells. The accumulation of NH4+ was interpreted as an indication of protein degradation, a source of energy in this organism. During the early stages of differentiation NH4+ was localized only in prestalk cells. However, it accumulated in spore cells during culmination such that levels were comparable in the two cells types by the end of development. Trehalose, an energy source for germinating spores, was found in both cell types but was preferentially degraded in stalk cells late in development. Glucose, the degradation product of trehalose, was localized in prestalk cells and varied inversely with trehalose levels. ATP was not localized in a specific cell type during development. However, ATP declined in stalk cells at an earlier stage of development.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940106
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  • 112
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    Antibody-mediated suppression of bone marrow colony formation in vitroSupported in part by USPHS Grant AI 10931 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a grant from Smith Kline and French Foundation. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Antisera to mouse brain reacts with hematopoietic stem cells in the mouse bone marrow. We have examined the effect of anti-mouse brain serum (AMBS) on the development of in vitro colonies from mouse bone marrow cells. The addition of 5% AMBS to the cultures markedly decreased the numbers of colonies formed to an average of 10% of the number obtained with normal rabbit serum. AMBS suppressed formation induced by colony stimulating factors (CSF) derived from three different sources; serum from endotoxin treated mice, mouse L-cell conditioned media, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell conditioned media. The suppressive activity was quantitatively recovered in the IgG fraction of AMBS. Divalent F (ab′)AHBS, rabbit anti-human brain serum; AMBS, rabbit anti-mouse brain serum; BM, bone marrow; CFU-C, colony forming unit in vitro; CFU-S, spleen colony forming unit; CSF, colony stimulating factor; FCS, fetal calf serum; MEM, minimal essential medium; NRS, normal rabbit serum; PBS, 0.01 M sodium phosphate, 0.15 M sodium chloride, pH 7.4. fragments were as effective as the intact IgG in decreasing colony formation. Fab fragments were not suppressive. These results suggest that colony formation is induced via a dynamic interaction between CSF and the progenitor cell membrane, and that antibody directed at cell membrane antigen(s) interferes with the generation of the induction signal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940107
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  • 113
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    Effects of cyclic AMP on the growth of differentiating and undifferentiated friend erythroleukemic cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 57-68 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Elevated concentrations of cyclic AMP elicit only minor reductions in growth rate and saturation density in undifferentiated Friend erythroleukemic cells. During the course of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-induced differentiation, Friend cells convert from a cyclic AMP-tolerant state to a phenotype characterized by a high degree of sensitivity to cyclic AMP-mediated growth arrest.Conversion to cyclic AMP sensitivity is detectable after 30 hours growth in medium containing 2% DMSO, and either 0.5 mM 8-Br-cyclic AMP or 5 nM cholera toxin. Cultures of differentiating Friend cells achieved a stationary phase density that was approximately 8-fold higher than the cell density observed in parallel, differentiating cultures treated with 0.5 mM 8-Br-cyclic AMP. Temporally, the appearance of cyclic AMP-sensitivity corresponds to the early expression of in vitro erythroid differentiation (Ross et al., ′74), but growth arrest does not alter the subsequent accumulation of hemoglobin in non-dividing DMSO-induced cells. Since growth arrest is preceded by a round of cell division, these observations are consistent with the concept that DMSO must be present during DNA replication for the subsequent expression of hemoglobin synthesis (McClintock and Papaconstantinou, ′74; Levy et al., ′75; Harrison, ′76).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940108
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  • 114
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    Role of the vacuolar apparatus in augmented protein degradation in cultured fibroblasts (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 77-86 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat embryo fibroblasts, grown in Eagle's MEM with 10% serum, showed a rapid increase in autophagic vacuoles when placed in MEM with 0-1% serum. Concurrent with this response, degradation of cellular proteins showed a 2-fold increase. We did not find any increases in cathepsin D, β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase, and β-glucosidase, or proteolytic activity of cell homogenates at pH 3.7 towards endogenous substrates. Homogenates prepared in 250 mM sucrose at pH 7.0 showed a 40% increase in protein breakdown. These data support the hypothesis that the induced increase in proteolysis, characteristic of cells placed in a nutritionally deficient medium, is effected by an activated vacuolar apparatus (lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles). We suggest, however, that this mechanism is distinct from normal protein turnover in the cell, but can be rapidly induced by appropriate alterations in the cellular environment. Finally, this induced proteolytic mechanism is not dependent upon an increase in lysosomal enzymes, but rather a structural alteration within the cell which effects a transfer of cellular proteins into the vacuolar apparatus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940110
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  • 115
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    Polyamine metabolism in regenerating livers from normal and hypocalcemic ratsIssued as NRCC 16347 (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 87-91 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There is a marked increase in the concentration of putrescine during the first ten hours following partial hepatectomy in rats. The concentration of spermidine also increases but to a smaller degree. Putrescine levels return to normal between 10 and 24 hours after the operation, whereas the increased spermidine level is maintained. The production of putrescine and spermidine appears to be initiated by the induction of ornithine decarboxylase which shows a single peak of activity at four hours after hepatectomy. The activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase shows little change following hepatectomy. The changes in polyamine levels and the activities of the enzymes of polyamine metabolism are not affected by thyroparathyroidectomy 72 hours prior to hepatectomy. Thus although these hypocalcemic conditions considerably reduce and delay DNA synthesis and mitosis, the prereplicative changes in polyamine metabolism still occur. These data suggest that the hepatocytes in hypocalcemic animals have become activated and moved to an advanced stage of prereplicative development before being blocked.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940111
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  • 116
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    The role of butyrate in the reverse transformation reaction in mammalian cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 69-75 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The reverse transformation reaction of Chinese hamster ovary cells from compact, epithelial-like, randomly growing, heavily knobbed, lectin reactive cells into stretched, tighly adherent, smooth-surfaced, lectin resistant, fibroblast-like cells normally elicited by dibutyryl cAMP can be produced to its complete extent by N6-monobutyryl cAMP or 8-bromo-cAMP. O2-monobutyryl cAMP is ineffective as is cAMP itself in the absence of an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase activity. In the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, cAMP is fully effective. These results indicate that the role of the butyryl groups of dibutyryl cAMP and, especially, the N6-butyryl, in the reverse transformation raction is protection of the cAMP analogue from degradation.Butyrate at concentrations of about 1 mM does produce a response which to some extent mimics that of cAMP analogues. The cells, however, fail to assume a fibroblastic-like shape, but rather become flattened. The butyrate effect is much slower and less readily reversible than that evoked by cAMP analogues. Butyrate produces an approximately 2-fold increase in intracellular cAMP levels. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that butyrate effects, in part, are mediated by cAMP.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940109
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  • 117
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    Masthead (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940201
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  • 118
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    A hypotetraploid human T lymphoid cell line established by cell fusion (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 93-98 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A human T lymphoid cell line was established by cell hybridization technique from peripheral blood leucocytes of a patient with Sezary syndrome. The cells beared the surface antigens of human T lymphocyte specificity as demonstrated by immune cytolysis tests, but did not form E rosettes with sheep red blood cells. Isozyme patterns of enzymes in this line such as lactate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and esterase were of human type. The line had 79 chromosomes in modal number. This case supports the proposal that the production of tetraploids is favourable for establishment of cell lines.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940112
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  • 119
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    Arginase activity and other cellular events associated with epidermal hyperplasia (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 99-104 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The unknown biochemical role of arginase in epidermal metabolism was probed by examining the association of elevated arginase activty with epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratinization. Epidermal hyperplasia as induced experimentally by topical application of 1-decanol to the right side of male hairless mice while the contralateral side served as control. Arginase activity, incorporation of 3 H-thymidine into DNA, DNA and protein content were measured in the separated control and experimental epidermis six hours and on days 1 through 5 and 7 after 1-decanol application. After six hours, the epidermis appears damaged histologically, and DNA synthesis is inhibited. By day 1, incoporation of 3 H-thymidine into DNA is elevated and a new hyperplastic epidermis has formed beneath the original epidermis. Epidermal arginase is elevated two through seven days after 1-decanol application and always is associated with continuing epidermal hyperplasia. The stimulation of DNA synthesis, which parallels the induction of epidermal hyperplasia by 1-decanol, precedes the induction of epidermal arginase activity. An attempt to relate these results with polyamine synthesis and other metabolic events is made.
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    Studies on phosphoglucose isomerase from cultured human fibroblasts: Absence of detectable ageing effects on the enzyme (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 105-115 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Some properties of the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) from the foetal lung fibroblast strain MRC-5 have been investigated throughout the in vitro lifespan of this cell strain.No significant age-related alterations in specific activity or thermostability of PGI could be detected. Titration of enzymatic activity with antibody directed against purified PGI showed no detectable differences in PGI from extracts of early passage cells compared with enzyme from senescent cells.The effect of p-fluorophenylalanine incorporation on PGI was examined in early passage fibroblasts. Thermostability studies showed increased heat lability of PGI from analogue treated cells when compared with enzyme from control cells at the same passage. However, no inactive PGI protein could be detected by antiserum titration in extracts from analogue-treated cells.The results indicate that no significant amount of altered or inactive PGI is produced in ageing fibroblasts.
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    Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts. VIII. Sorption isotherms and derived thermodynamic quantities (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 123-137 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An analysis of water vapor sorption by cysts of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, has shown that at environmental water activities (aw) of 0.95 or less, the cysts equilibrate with the aw of their environment. Above this aw the metabolic activity of the cysts participates directly in their water content, and equilibration does not occur. In contrast, dried cysts killed by heat treatment or exposure to ammonia fumes equilibrated with all values of aw examined. Analysis of the temperature dependence of sorption isotherms revealed that below cyst hydrations of about 0.3 g H2O/g dried weight the temperature coefficient for water sorption was negative, but became positive at hydrations appreciably in excess of this value. Estimates for the differential and integral net enthalpy and entropy changes accompanying the sorption of water have been calculated from isotherms. These results have been interpreted and integrated with those from previous work on the hydration-dependence of metabolic activity. All of the examined hydration properties of the cysts have been shown to be due chiefly to the cellular component, and not the acellular shell. Analysis of the data by the Bradley equation has shown that the hydration behavior of the shell obeys this relationship, whereas that of the cellular component does not.
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    Increased membrane transport of 2-deoxyglucose and 3-0-methylglucose is an early event in the transformation of chick embryo fibroblasts by rous sarcoma virus (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 315-319 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts with Rous sarcoma virus results in cells with an enhanced rate of hexose uptake. We have examined transport of the glucose analogs 2-deoxyglucose and 3-0-methylglucose in cells infected with a temperature sensitive variant of the virus. In cells shifted from restrictive to permissive conditions for transformation, increased transport of the non-phosphorylatable analog 3-0-methylglucose occurs at the same time as that of 2-deoxyglucose, a phosphorylatable analog. This enhanced rate of transport can be observed within three hours of the temperature shift. There is a corresponding decrease in the transport rate of both analogs following shift to the restrictive temperature. These results suggest that increased transport is likely to be the primary event in causing transformation-specific changes in sugar metabolism. We have also examined uptake into the internal pools of both the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of 2-deoxyglucose in normal cells and in cells transformed by the wild-type virus. These data indicate a corresponding increase in the rate of accumulation of the free sugar in transformed cells and point to transport as the rate limiting step in the accumulation of 2-deoxyglucose in both normal and transformed chicken embryo cells.
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    Masthead (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Protein turnover in senescent cultured chick embryo fibroblasts (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 147-160 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The over-all rates of protein synthesis, degradation and net accumulation were estimated in rapidly growing young and slowly doubling old cultures of chick fibroblasts. We find that not only the rate of protein synthesis is reduced in senescent cultures, but the average rate of protein degradation is also slowed down considerably. This decrease in the rate of protein breakdown in aging cells stands in contrast with the previously observed acceleration of this process by other conditions (such as serum deprivation or overcrowding) that lead to the cessation of cellular growth. Though the retarded protein degradation may contribute to the accumulation of abnormal proteins in senescen cells, we find that the breakdown of grossly abnormal puromycin peptides proceeds equally rapidly in young and old cultures.The protein content of senescent cells increase by 1.8-fold as compared to young cells, while the average cell volume is increased even more (almost 5-fold). By contrast, consideration of the over-all balance of protein metabolism in these cells indicaes that the average concentration of metabolically turning-over proteins is somewhat higher in senescent than in young fibroblasts.
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    Inhibition of spermidine and spermine synthesis leads to growth arrest of rat embryo fibroblasts in G1 (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 161-170 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Following growth stimulation of rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells previously arrested in G1 by serum deprivation, there occurs a large increase in the synthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase can block the accumulation of both spermidine and spermine over a period of several days. Under such conditions REF cells treated with MGBG will approximately double in number and then become growth-arrested again predominantly in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. REF cells therefore appear to contain sufficient spermidine and spermine to progress through one cell cycle before the intracellular levels of these polyamines is reduced sufficiently to arrest growth in the absence of continued polyamine synthesis. Limitation of intracellular polyamine levels is therefore not the mechanism by which deprivation of serum growth factors arrests cell growth. While continued growth is nevertheless dependent on polyamine synthesis, this cell type is capable of limited proliferation in its absence. Addition of spermidine or spermine to MGBG-arrested REF cells results in a rapid resumption of proliferation demonstrating that either polyamine can fulfill the role played by these polyamines in the growth process. Low levels of spermidine and spermine therefore arrest this cell type at a resriction point in G1 at which it is decided whether the intracellular level of these polyamines is sufficiently high to enable a cell to enter into and complete a new cell cycle. This polyamine-sensitive restriction point is considered to be analogous to the restriction point(s) in G1 at which serum and nutrient limitation act.
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    Age-related and carcinogen-induced alterations of the extracellular growth factor requirements for cell proliferation in vitroNRCC No. 16366. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 171-180 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cells from thigh muscles of fetal rats proliferate readily in vitro in medium containing homologous adult rat “plasma.” As the donor animals mature, these cells become unable to make DNA and proliferate in “plasma” medium, but retain an ability to proliferate in medium containinig fetal bovine serum (FBS). This age-related loss of the ability to proliferate in “plasma”-medium is due to an increasing need by the cells for an exogenous prereplicative promoter which is found in FBS and a crude preparation of bovine luteinizing hormone. Adult cells (and possibly fetal cells) also require a “cycle-completion” factor which is found in FBS and adult rat “plasma.” The requirements for such external proliferative promoters is completely eliminated by neoplastic transformation in vivo, and neoplastic adult cells isolated from a nickel sulfide-induced mixed rhabdomyo-fibro-sarcoma can make DNA and proliferate in vitro in the complete absence of exogenous growth factors.
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    Control of normal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. XII. Inducibility for some stages of differentiation by dimethylsulfoxide and its disassociation from inducibility by MGI (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 181-185 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There are clones of myeloid leukemic cells that can be induced to differentiate by the normal differentiation-inducing protein MGI to form Fc and C3 rosettes, mature macrophages and granulocytes. One of these clones (MGI+DMSO+) was also inducible by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for C3 but not Fc rosettes, and for mature macrophages but not for mature granulocytes. Other clones (MGI+DMSO-) were inducible by MGI but not DMSO and a third type of clone (MGI-DMSO-) was not inducible by either compound. Clones that differed in their inducibility by DMSO showed a similar inhibition of cell multiplication by DMSO. The results indicate, that some stages of differentiation can be induced by DMSO in an appropriate clone of myeloid leukemic cells and that there are different cellular sites for induction by DMSO and MGI.
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    The selection of a stable rat hepatoma variant with concomitant increase in ploidy and permeability to glycerol (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 197-203 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By repeated selection for longer survival in an isotonic solution of glycerol, a stable subline of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells has been isolated. The cells exhibit markedly increased resistances to osmotic lysis in isotonic solutions of glycerl. They are twice as large and have twice as many chromosomes as cells of the parental line. It is suggested that the osmotic stress procedure can be extended for the selection of numerous kinds of mutants and can be used as a method of analysis of membrane properties.
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    Growth dependence of phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase activity in cultured rat liver cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 139-150 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rat liver epithelial cells in culture (WIRL-3C) have the enzymes that synthesize serine from 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Both phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase (PGAD) and serine-phosphate (serine-P) forming activities fluctuate with time after subculture and are higher in growing than confluent cells. This activity pattern was not common for other dehydrogenases in WIRL-3C cells, nor was it common for PGAD activity in other cultured cells. At time of sub-culture, cells are removed from spent medium, treated with trypsin, and fed fresh medium. None of these parameters causes the rise in activity; in contrast, reduction in cell density and the accompanying stimulation of growth do. PGAD activity decreases when growth is slowed either as the cells progress to the end of the culture cycle, when cells are treated with dexamethasone-phosphate (Dx-P) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP) and theophylline or when the serum concentration of the medium is reduced to 0.2%. Under these conditions, decreased PGAD activity is paralleled by a decline in growth and DNA accumulation. PGAD activity in WIRL-3C cells is regulated in a manner closely resembling what has been observed previously in rat liver from the whole animal. The possible use of this system in studying regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells is discussed.
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    Effect of extreme amino acid starvation on the protein synthetic machinery of CHO cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 125-137 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When CHO cells are incubated under conditions of extreme amino acid starvation, effected by withdrawal of an amino acid from the medium together with genetic or chemical interference with the activity of the corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, there is a rapid and profound decline in the functional capacity of the protein synthetic machinery. The effect was observed for all amino acids tested including leucine, asparagine, histidine, methionine and glutamine. This decline in protein synthetic potential appears to be due to a progressive permanent inactivation of the specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase concerned, as shown by a decline in the amount of cellular, specific aminoacyl-tRNA and a decline in the cell-free enzyme activity, measured after reversal of the starvation conditions. When cells are left for more than several hours under these starvation conditions, they shrink in size, lose viability and eventually disintegrate, with anomalous rapidity. We suggest that the progressive loss of protein synthetic capacity of the cells is the prime cause of these subsequent events.If the starvation conditions are reversed before cell death, regeneration of the protein synthetic potential occurs rapidly but requires protein synthesis itself, implying the existence of strong control mechanisms for cellular aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities.
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    In vitro and in vivo actions of zinc ion affecting cellular substances which influence host metabolic responses to inflammationIn conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the “Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals,” as promulgated by the Committee on the Revision of the Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care of the Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Council. The facilities are fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal CareThe views of the authors do not purport to reflect the positions of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 115-124 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glycogen-stimulated rabbit peritoneal exudate cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes, PMN) produce prostaglandins (PG) and substances which induce alterations (mediators) in experimental animals characteristics of host metabolic responses to infection and other acute inflammatory stresses. The effect of Zn2+ on mediator production and PG synthesis was examined because: Zn homeostasis is perturbed during infection, Zn is known to regulate some cellular functions, and there appears to be an interrelationship between PG synthesis and mediator productionUsing exudate cells, 2 mM Zn2+ causec complete inhibition of in vitro PG synthesis as assessed by conversion of [1-14C] arachidonic acid into PG. This concentration of Zn2+ also inhibited production of substances mediating plasma Zn depression, hepatic amino acid "uptake," fever, and neutrophil release from bone marrow. Conversely, Zn2+ did not inhibit in vivo metabolic responses to these mediators. Zn-pretreatment of rabbits or simultaneous injection of Zn2+ and crude PMN-derived pyrogenic activity resulted in prolongation of fever. It is suggested that this action of Zn2+ may be attributed to either stabilization of cyclic AMP through inhibition of phosphodiesterase or a Zn-mediator interaction which stabilizes crude endogenous pyrogenThe potential physiological significance of these results includes: possible potentiation of the host's defense mechanisms by Zn2+ and its utilization for prolongation of fever to determine its effect on potentially temperature-dependent host defense mechanisms.
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    Stimulation of DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts by thrombin (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 189-194 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Earlier work showed that thrombin stimulates proliferation of human fibroblasts in serumfree medium. This work demonstrates (1) that thrombin has to be present during most or all of the G1 period to ensure maximal DNA synthesis, (2) that DNA synthesis increases about three hours later after thrombin than after serum treatment, (3) that both thrombin and serum activate transport of uridine, D-2-deoxy-glucose and putrescine, (4) that thrombin is able to increase 3H-thymidine incorporation also in SV40 transformed human fibroblasts, in HeLa cells and in two continuous monkey cell lines.
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    Co-cultivation of tumorigenic mouse melanoma cells with cells of a non-tumorigenic subclone inhibits plasminogen activator expression by the melanoma cellsSupported by grants CA 10095, CA 16890 and CA 18945 from the U.S. Public Health Service and NP 636 L from The American Cancer Society. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 159-167 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Clone B5 59 mouse melanoma cells are highly tumorigenic and produce plasminogen activator. Cells of clone C3471, a line obtained by continued growth of B559 cells in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine (1 μg/ml), have no plasminogen activator and are non-tumorigenic. When B559 cells are co-cultivated with C3471 cells, the ability of B559 cells to activate plasminogen is suppressed. Under these conditions cell fusion occurs. Lack of expression of plasminogen activators is not a consequence of cell fusion, inhibition of cell division or release of soluble inhibitors of either plasminogen activators or plasmin. No inhibitors of plasminogen activators could be demonstrated in association with subcellular fractions of C3471 cells or with the C-type viral particles released from C3471 cells. Close contact between cells of the two lines is shown to be essential for suppression of plasminogen activation.
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    2-Amino-isobutyric acid and 3-0-methyl-D-glucose transport in 3T3, SV40-transformed 3T3 and revertant cell lines (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 203-211 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to further investigate the connection between transport and growth control, 3T3 cells, SV40 transformed 3T3 cells (SV101), and three revertant cell lines derived from SV101 which have regained certain manifestations of growth control were used. Transport rates of 2-aminoisobutyric acid and 3-0-methyl-D-glucose were measured in sparse, confluent, serum-starved, and serum-stimulated cultures.As shown before, cessation of 3T3 cell growth in G0 under conditions of confluence or serum deprivation was associated with reduced rates of transport for both compounds, whereas the density and serum dependence of growth and transport was largely eliminated in SV101. The density revertant F1SV101, which has regained density regulation of growth similar to 3T3 cells, has also regained density regulation of transport. Neither growth nor transport were serum dependent. The serum revertants AγSV7 and LsSV6 have regained both density and serum regulation of growth, but not according to the original mechanism of 3T3 cells of entry into a G0 state. Transport was high under conditions of confluence or serum deprivation. Thus for these cells rates of transport were not reduced simply as a consequence of slower cell growth nor were low transport rates responsible for growth arrest. The data are consistent with the possibility that growth arrest specifically in the G0 state could shut off a number of cellular activities, including transport.
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    Significance of the cell cycle in commitment of murine erythroleukemia cells to erythroid differentiation (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 213-222 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells (MEL) induced by DMSO and the cell division cycle has been analyzed. We demonstrate that incubation in the presence of DMSO increases the length of the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A method of synchronization of MEL cells by unit gravity sedimentation has been developed and characterized. Using this method, a series of synchronized cell populations covering the entire cell division cycle can be generated simultaneously. Cells synchronized by this technique were challenged with DMSO and analyzed for kinetics of commitment to the differentiation program. Our results indicate that populations of cells in G1 or G2 at the time of addition of inducer give rise to a greater proportion of committed cells than an unfractionated population, while cells in S phase result in a lower percentage of committed cells than the unfractionated population when cultured in DMSO.
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    Early changes in the membrane of HeLa cells adsorbing sendai virus under conditions of fusion (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 223-233 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Adsorption of Sendai virus at high multiplicity (500-1,000 HAU/106 cells) to HeLa cells grown in monolayers causes immediate changes in the ion barrier of the cell membrane, as well as changes in the morphology of the virus-treated cells. Within minutes of adsorption the cells begin to lose potassium and an extensive influx of ions into the cells occurs. Concomitantly with these changes, the cell membrane becomes depolarized, and the resting potential across its membrane decreases. Twenty to sixty minutes post adsorption the damage to the cell membrane is repaired, and both the potassium uptake and the resting potential return to their pre-exposure values. Scanning electron-micrographs of Sendai infected cells incubated at 37°C show formation of bridging microvilli in a zipper-like fashion within two to five minutes post-adsorption; 30 to 60 minutes thereafter the majority of cells in the monolayer are fused. Biochemical changes induced by virus adsorption and the role of Ca++ ions in the observed effects are discussed.
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    Masthead (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978) 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Effect of low dose rate irradiation on the division potential of cells in vitro. IV. Embryonic and adult human lung fibroblast-like cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 235-238 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Early and late passage human embryonic lung fibroblasts were compared with early passage adult lung fibroblasts with regards to their survival (number of population doublings), after low dose rate ionizing radiation. It was found that early passage embryonic cells are quite resistant to this type of radiation. Late passage embryonic and early passage adult fibroblasts are more sensitive to ionizing radiations. The results suggest that cell aging is accompanied by an increased sensitivity to low dose rate ionizing radiation and favor the idea that aging in vitro, expressed as a function of the fibroblast division potential, is correlated with aging in vivo.
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    Polyamine biosynthesis and DNA synthesis in cultured mammary gland explants from virgin mice (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mammary cells in virgin mice are essentially non-proliferative, but they can be induced to undergo DNA synthesis in vitro in the presence of insulin. Time course studies on polyamine biosynthesis and DNA synthesis showed that insulin elicits sequential stimulation of the activity of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and spermidine synthase, and an increase in the concentration of spermidine prior to the augmentation of DNA synthesis. At 48 to 72 hours of culture when DNA synthesis is maximal, the concentration of spermidine increased 2- to 3-fold, whereas the level of spermine remained unchanged. Addition of methyl glyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (5 - 10 μM), a potent inhibitor of SAMDC, to the medium at the onset of culture resulted in inhibition of spermidine formation and DNA synthesis, but when added at 24 hours or 48 hours of culture, the inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis was greatly reduced. The drug, however, produced little inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by the drug can be reversed by addition of spermidine or other polyamines such as putrescine, cadaverine and spermine to the culture. Spermidine is, however, the only polyamine that is effective at physiological concentrations (100∼150 pmoles/mg tissue). These results suggest a possibility that spermidine may play a key role in the regulation of mammary cell proliferation.
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    The capping of lymphocytes and other cells, studied by an improved method for immunofluorescence staining of frozen sections (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 239-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Experiments have been carried out on the capping by lectins and antibodies of surface receptors of mouse splenic T and B lymphocytes and other cells, in which the surface distribution of the lectin or antibody, and the intracellular distribution of myosin or actin, were determined on the same cells by a double fluorescence technique. For this purpose, a general method for intracellular staining was developed which is intended to preserve sensitive antigens and fragile ultrastructural elements. The method involves mild formaldehyde fixation of the cells or tissues, infusion with concentrated sucrose, rapid freezing, and the preparation of frozen sections thinner than 2 μm thickness. The immunofluorescent or other appropriate fluorescent reagents are then applied to the thawed section. In the present experiments, intracellular actin was detected using a fluorescent staining method based on the interaction of F-actin with heavy meromyosin, while intracellular myosin was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence procedure. Our findings were that the formation of a cap by each of the lectins or antibody reagents was always accompanied by a concentration of myosin and actin directly under the cap. These and other results suggest that capping is an active process in which actin and myosin participate directly in the formation of all caps. This proposal carries important new implications for the molecular mechanism of capping.
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    The development of lysosomal apparatus I. Lysosomal enzyme activities in the liver of mice at perinatal stages and those of their mothersSupported by a grant from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas, Argentina (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 269-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The enzymatic activity of five acid hydrolases: acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase A, deoxyribonuclease, β-glucuronidase, and cathepsin D, was assayed in fetal (fifteenth and eighteenth days of pregnancy) and neonatal (Days 0, 5, 10, and 15 post-partum) mouse liver. With the exception of cathepsin D, the activity increased around birth to levels varying according to the enzyme. Histochemical observations of other authors appear to justify, at least in part, the present results, which indicate that late days of fetal development and early neonatal life may constitute a transitional stage to full lysosomal enzyme functionality of the adult organThe livers of the mothers were also assayed for the same enzymes. Each activity showed a peculiar pattern which was, in turn, different from that found in the liver of the litter for the same enzyme, probably as a cause of the metabolic requirement of the glandThe hypothesis that the lysosomes are heterogeneous in their enzyme composition is suggested by the variety of enzymatic patterns found in the liver of the litters and their mothers.
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  • 142
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    Dissociation of plasminogen activator from the transformed phenotype in a 5-Bromodeoxyuridine dependent mutant of syrian hamster melanoma cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between plasminogen activator levels and the expression of the transformed phenotype was studied in a 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) dependent mutant of Syrian hamster melanoma cells. In terms of cell morphology and cellular interactions, the BrdUrd dependent cells resemble transformed cells when grown in the presence of BrdUrd but resemble untransformed cells when grown in the absence of BrdUrd. It was found that the BrdUrd dependent cells release significant levels of plasminogen activator only when cultured in the absence of BrdUrd. In the presence of BrdUrd, the release of plasminogen activator by the dependent cells is suppressed, and the decreased level of plasminogen activator released in the presence of BrdUrd seems to be due to decreased production of active enzyme. Growth tests revealed that the BrdUrd dependent cells, when attached to a substrate, required BrdUrd in order to attain high densities. Furthermore, the cells are able to grow well in soft agar only in the presence of BrdUrd. These results suggest that the production and release of high levels of plasminogen activator are not related (either as cause or effect) to the expression of the transformed phenotype in the BrdUrd dependent cellsThe effect of dog serum (as a plasminogen source) on the BrdUrd dependent cells also was tested. It was found that cells cultured in medium containing dog serum exhibit a morphological alteration, but only in the absence of BrdUrd. The morphological response of the cells to dog serum resembles that previously observed with virus-transformed cells. In the BrdUrd dependent cells, the morphological response to dog serum appears correlated with the release of plasminogen activator but separated from other transformed characteristics.
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  • 143
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    Diamide effect on the hypertonic calcium uptake by rat red blood cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Red blood cells of rat exhibit an enhanced hypertonic calcium uptake after incubation with diazenedicarboxylic acids bis (N,N-dimethylamide) (diamide). Over the ranges reported in this paper the amount of membrane alteration is strongly and linearly dependent on the diamide concentration and on the osmolarity of the incubation medium. Treatment with 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiolbutane (dithioerythritol or DTE), after diamide removal, restores red blood cells calcium intake to values similar to those of the control. The results indicate that the sinergic action of diamide and hypertonicity can oxidize some thiol groups essential for the cation barrier maintenance.
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    Induction of erythroid differentiation in friend leukemia cells by bromodeoxyuridine (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 307-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Treatment of Friend leukemia cells with BrdU, the thymidine analog which interferes with DMSO induced differentiation in these cells as well as the expression of differentiated character in many other cell systems, is capable of inducing erythroid differentiation. Globin mRNA, as assayed by hybridization to globin cDNA, increases 2.5- to 30-fold after appropriate treatment with BrdU. This effect was observed with several different subclones of three independent Friend tumor cell lines. After BrdU treatment, globin mRNA content may reach up to 10 - 20% of the levels in DMSO induced cultures. The induction of erythroid differentiation is also apparent when accumulated heme content or the appearance of benzidine positive cells is monitoredOne Friend cell line (745) we examined was not induced by BrdU although it incorporated an amount of BrdU into its DNA comparable to that incorporated by the other cell lines. In addition, BrdU did interfere with DMSO induction in this cell lineThese results suggest that two different mechanisms may be operative in regulating erythroid differentiation in Friend leukemia cells. While BrdU interferes with the mechanism activated by DMSO treatment, this analog could independently activate an alternative mechanism.
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    Stimulation of 86Rb+ and 32Pi movements in 3T3 cells by prostaglandins and phorbol esters (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The potent tumor promoter tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) induces early changes in ion movements analogous to those induced by prostaglandins E1 and F2α. Among the earliest changes induced by TPA is a significant increase in 32Pi incorporation within 15 minutes incubation of TPA (10-8-10-6 M) with post-confluent Swiss 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Similarly, the active phorbol ester homolog 4-;β-;OH phorbol didecanoate but not the inactive stereoisomeric 4-β-OH phorbol didecanoate stimulated 32Pi incorporation. Also, TPA at the above concentrations stimulated 86Rb+ influx shortly after administration. Both fluxes were ouabain-sensitive in accord with the idea that an early effect of TPA is to alter (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity. Further, prostaglandin E1 (10-7-10-6 M) and prostaglandin F2α (3 × 10-9-10-7 M) caused a similar stimulation of 86Rb+ and 32Pi uptake. The finding that water-soluble prostaglandin F2α also exhibited stimulatory effects indicated that those hormone-induced responses are not mediated by solvent interactions. The similar responses of phorbol esters and prostaglandin derivatives suggests that phorbol esters and prostaglandin derivatives may act at common membrane sitesThe finding that stimulatory effects were observed at discrete times in the logarithmic phase of growth suggests that the activation of membrane receptors may be cell-cycle dependent.
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    Enhancement of the synthesis of specific cellular polypeptides in a temperature-sensitive chinese hamster cell line (K12) Defective for entry into S Phase (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Temperature-sensitive Chinese hamster cells (K12) have been shown to be defective for the initiation of new rounds of DNA replication when incubated at the restrictive temperature (40.5°). By temperature shift experiments with synchronous cultures, we have marked out the step at which the mutation is expressed as the four hours preceding the initiation of DNa synthesis. The block imposed by the mutation has been shown to be irreversible. In order to approach the biochemical characterization of the temperature-sensitive function in K12 cells, we have analyzed the cellular proteins synthesized under permissive (35°) and restrictive temperatures. The synthesis of three polypeptides is markedly enhanced when K12 cells are incubated at 40.5°. One of them (band B) has turned out to be a useful biochemical marker of the expression of K12 mutation since its synthesis is not affected in other ts-mutants or in hybrids in which K12 mutation is complemented. In addition, the alteration in band B synthesis is irreversible and occurs during the same stage of the cell cycle at which the mutated function is expressed.
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    Ontogeny of human neutrophil granulocyte alkaline phosphatase (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 353-354 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human embryonic neutrophils (N) in the liver (from 8.5 mm crown-rump length) are alkaline phosphatase (AP) negative during the first trimester of pregnancy. Early bone marrow granulocytes (from eleventh to sixteenth weeks of gestation) behave similarly. Only a small percentage of slightly AP positive cells could be found. Occasional cells with strong NAP reaction appear in the second trimester. NAP positivity greatly increases in the third trimester and term-babies have a somewhat higher than normal NAP activity in circulating blood. Unlike NAP reaction, naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase and peroxidase reactions are positive even in the earliest (AP negative) neutrophils.
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    Alterations in the protein synthetic apparatus of friend erythroleukemia cells during their erythroid differentiation (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The changes in rate of protein synthesis and cell division and the distribution of polyribosomes and globin mRNA on the polyribosomes of Friend erythroleukemia (FL) cells exposed to 2% DMSO and maintained at low cell density, were examined at different times after exposure to DMSO. The rate of protein synthesis and the capacity of cells to divide declined in concert to 50% of the level found in untreated cell cultures at 24 hours after exposure. Thereafter these rates recovered to 70% of the rate found in untreated control cultures until 96 hours post-exposure and then irreversibly declined as the cells lost the capacity to divide. The proportion of ribosomes present as polyribosomes in cells exposed to DMSO paralleled the capacity of these cells to synthesize protein. The distribution of polyribosomes analyzed by sedimentation in sucrose gradients demonstrated that a discrete, abundant class of polyribosomes composed of pentamers to heptamers appeared as early as 48 hours after exposure to DMSO. The appearance of an abundant class of polyribosomes was correlated with globin synthesis be demonstrating that a discrete class of polyribosomes arises in cells treated with the inducers hexamethylene bisacetamide and hemin.
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    Mapping G1 phase by the structural morphology of the prematurely condensed chromosomes (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 333-341 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The object of this study was to develop a map of G1 phase on the basis of the progressive changes taking place in the morphology of the prematurely condensed chromosomes as the cells traverse through G1 and then use this technique to determine the cell cycle location of normal and transformed cell populations in plateau phase. The morphology of the prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) of G1 cells in random populations was found to be highly variable. For a better understanding of the relationship between the morphology of the G1-PCC and their position within G1 phase, synchronized populations of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in early, mid-, and late G1 phase were fused with mitotic cells. Early G1 cells resulted in highly condensed G1-PCC, while late G1 cells gave very extended G1-PCC. Mid-G1 cells resulted in PCC of intermediate condensation. To test the validity of these criteria for mapping the position of a cell in the cell cycle, synchronous G1 cell populations were treated with a variety of metabolic inhibitors. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D were shown to block cell in early G1 phase, while excess thymidine and hydroxyurea blocked cells in early S phase. The results presented here indicate that, upon reaching plateau phase, normal cell populations (BALB-C mouse 3T3, human PA-2, and WI 38) stop in early G1, while most cells in transformed cell lines (CHO, HeLa, and mouse SV-3T3) accumulate in late G1.
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    Selective production of cell cycle specific ts mutants (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 367-375 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950315
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    Retention of transformant specific type III collagen in dibutyryl cAMP treated Kirsten sarcoma virus transformed BALB 3T3 cells and in a flat revertant (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 343-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We previously reported that Kirsten sarcoma virus transformed BALB 3T3 (Ki-3T3) cell cultures contained mainly type I collagen and about 30% of another type designated by us as Y and which appears to be type III collagen, [α1 (III)]3. Clones of BALB 3T3 which exhibited contact-inhibition were found to contain mainly type I collagen [α1(I)]2α2, and about 25% of another type (X) which was composed of three α1 chains differing from those of type III (Hata, R. and B. Peterkofsky, 1977 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.), 74: 2933 - 2937). Since dibutyryl 3′:5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dbcAMP) increases collagen synthesis and alters other transformation specific properties of Ki-3T3 cells, we determined whether treatment of Ki-3T3 cells with this compound restored the normal collagen phenotype. We also analyzed the collagen of a revertant of Ki-3T3 which exhibits properties similar to those of the dbcAMP treated transformant. Procollagen labeled with radioactive proline was isolated from the medium or cells of cultures and was converted to collagen with pepsin; the collagen was analyzed by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chromatography or gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Ki-3T3 cells treated with 0.5 mM dbcAMP continued to accumulate type III collagen but there was an increase in the number of α1 chains eluting from CMC columns in the same position as α1 (I) suggesting increased accumulation of type X collagen. Although the revertant was similar to dbcAMP treated cells in that it exhibited a flattened morphology and a high relative rate of collagen synthesis, the collagen profile was similar to that of the transformant, consisting mainly of types I and III. These results indicate that accumulation of type III collagen is unaffected by dbcAMP but suggest that cAMP may be involved in the regulation of type X collagen. The failure of dbcAMP or reversion to affect the occurrence of type III collagen supports the mechanism of cell selection as a means of explaining the specific occurrence of type III collagen in sarcoma virus transformed 3T3 cells.
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    Resting cells and the G1 phase of the cell cycleThis work was supported by usphs grant gm 22359 from the national institute for general medical sciences (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 377-386 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    The nature of conditionally lethal temperature-sensitive mutations in somatic cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 361-366 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Approaches to mapping the temporal events in the cell cycle using conditional lethal mutants (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 387-392 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950317
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    Characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of animal cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 407-416 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950319
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    Erratum (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 417-417 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950320
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    The use of conditional lethal cell cycle mutants of temporal and functional sequence mapping of cell cycle events (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 393-405 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Masthead (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960101
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    Role of fatty acids in growth-promoting effect of serum albumin on hamster cells in vitro (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Dialyzed serum albumin had considerable growth-promoting effect on cultivated hamster cells. This effect was virtually lost on removal of the fatty acids, and it was completely restored by recombination of the fatty acid-free albumin with the isolated and purified fatty acids.The role of albumin itself appeared to be largely that of a carrier of fatty acids, protecting the cells against toxic effects of fatty acids in free solution. This conclusion was based on two observations: Fatty acids in the absence of albumin were growth-inhibitory except in extremely dilute solutions, and betalactoglobulin, a protein possessing, like albumin, the ability to bind and release fatty acids, could replace albumin in the presence of fatty acids with similar growth-promoting effect.Examination of individual molecular types of fatty acids showed that all unsaturated acids tested were growth-promoting, whereas the saturated acids were growth-inhibiting, with the exception of stearic acid in low concentrations.Although the possibility of a mitotic triggering effect was not excluded, the fatty acids presumably stimulated growth by providing substrate for cellular metabolism, since there was a direct relationship between the degree of growth stimulation and the duration of exposure of cells to the fatty acids.
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    Constancy of the shift-up point in two temperature-sensitive mammalian cell lines that arrest in G1This work was supported by USPHS Grant GM 22359 from the National Institute for General Medical Sciences. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 15-21 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two cell cycle-specific temperature sensitive (ts) mutants of mammalian cell lines, AF8 and K12, are known to arrest in G1 when shifted to the non-permissive temperature. We have determined the entry into S of both AF8 and K12 cells in five different growth conditions, namely: (1) quiescent sparse cultures stimulated to proliferate by serum; (2) quiescent dense cultures stimulated by serum; (3) quiescent sparse cultures stimulated by trypsinization and replating; (4) quiescent, dense cultures stimulated by trypsinization and replating; and (5) mitotic cells collected by mitotic detachment. In addition, for each cell line and for each different growth condition, we have determined the shift-up time, i.e., the time at which a shift-up to the nonpermissive temperature no longer prevents the entry of cells into S. In no case did K12 or AF8 enter S at the nonpermissive temperature. At the permissive temperature, the average time of entry into S varied in different growth conditions, and so did the shift-up time. However, in both cell lines, the distance of the average shift-up time from the average time of entry into S was remarkably constant, regardless of the growth conditions, i.e., 1.8 hours in K12 and 8.6 hours in AF8.
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    Further observations on metabolic responses in hamster cells: Changes in udpg dehydrogenase activity (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 23-29 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Administration of radioactively labeled galactose to cultured mammalian cells brings about an accumulation of metabolic products the pattern of which seems to be governed by a variety of vectors in the intracellular milieu. By manipulation of culture conditions some of these vectors appear to be a function of glycolysis. In the non-glycolytic culture, label from a galactose probe appears as Galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) and UDPglucuronic acid (UDPGlcUA). Conversely, glycolytic culture conditions seem not to permit the formation to UDPGlcUA since the only labeled accumulation product formed was UDPHex. A suggestion is made that the difference in metabolic activity of glucose-fed and glucose-starved cultures may be related to the effect of NADH on the in situ activity of UDPG dehydrogenase (UDPglucose:NAD oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.1.1.22) (abbreviation, UDPG-DH). This prompted an investigation of the effects of NAD and NADH on the activity of partially purified UDPG-DH. The results of these experiments strongly suggest that the activity of UDPG-DH (in situ) is negatively controlled by increased levels of NADH; the latter condition is known to exist in glycolytically active cells (Schwartz and Johnson, 1976). Added to this is a second control mechanism which is characterized by a transient inhibition of uridylyltransferase (UDP glucose:α-D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, E.C. 2.7.7.12). Since it is known that there is little, if any, effect on galactokinase (ATP:D-galactose-1-phosphotransferase, E.C. 2.7.1.6) activity as a result of sugar starvation (Christopher et al., 1976), the low in vivo activity of uridylyltransferase contributes not only to the increased accumulation of Gal-1-P but also to a drastic decrease of labeled UDPhexoses, although the pre-existing pool of UDPhexose was found to decrease only moderately under the condition of glucose starvation (30% still persisted). The benefit of this type of control is not clear.
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    Production by spleen and lymph node cells of conditioned medium with erythroid and other hemopoietic colony-stimulating activityThis work was supported by the Carden Fellowship Fund of the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, the National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra and the National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, Contract NOI-CB-74148. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 31-42 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated suspension cultures of mouse spleen cells produced conditioned medium able to stimulate granulocyte-macrophage, eosinophil and megakaryocyte colony formation in agar cultures of C57BL marrow cells and granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid colony formation in agar cultures of CBA fetal liver cells. Medium conditioned by other mouse tissues stimulated only granulocyte-macrophage colony formation and this activity was not increased by the addition of pokeweed mitogen. Spleen cells stimulated by mixed leucocyte culture or concanavalin-A had a weak capacity to stimulate erythroid colony formation.Production of the factors stimulating the four types of hemopoiesis was T-lymphocyte dependent and nu/nu spleen cells were inactive. Factor production was also dependent on adherent cells but evidence from rat-mouse combinations suggested that the T-lymphocytes actually produced the active factors.Production of the four types of colony stimulating factors was radiosensitive (D0120-238 rads) and spleen cell populations of lighter buoyant density than 1.075 g/cm3 and sedimenting at 3.5-5.0 mm/hour were able to produce active conditioned media. Fractionation experiments failed to segregate spleen populations able to produce only one of the four stimulating factors.Production of factors stimulating hemopoiesis by mitogen-stimulated lymphoid populations could be a process contributing to the control of hemopoiesis in vivo.
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    Regulation of megakaryocytes in W/Wv miceSupported in part by Research Grant AM 08263 (AM 21355) from the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 73-79 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: W/Wv mice were injected with antiplatelet serum to produce thrombocytopenia or with platelet transfusions to induce thrombocytosis. The responses of their platelets and megakaryocytes were followed to determine if proliferative abnormalities of the megakaryocytic system would be detected.W/Wv mice responded normally to the stimulation from thrombocytopenia with rebound thrombocytosis, macromegakaryocytosis, and macrothrombocytosis. The megakaryocytes of these mice became smaller than normal in response to post-thrombocytopenic rebound thrombocytosis but not to transfusion-induced thrombocytosis. Thus, endogenous thrombocytosis appeared to be a more potent suppressor of megakaryocyte growth than exogenous.These results failed to reveal an effective abnormality of the thrombocytopoietic regulatory system of W/Wv mice in spite of their intrinsically reduced numbers of megakaryocytes and the well known defect of stem cell proliferation. Thrombocytopoietic regulation appeared, therefore, to occur mainly at the committed, rather then pluripotential, stem cell level, and normal responses of the platelet system were observed in spite of severe abnormalities at the pluri-potential stem cell level.
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    Satellite DNA in differentiating chick tissues (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 105-113 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Embryonic chick DNA from different tissues was examined for differences which might indicate specific DNA amplification in somatic cells. The problem was approached by determining the DNA compositional heterogeneity and searching for possible variation in different tissues of the 12-day chick. Neural retina, muscle, and whole decapitated (general) chick DNA were analyzed in CsCl and Cs2SO4 density gradients. While overloaded CsCl gradients showed a main band (ρ = 1.701 g/cm3) and a heavy shoulder (ρ = 1.716 g/cm3), overloaded Cs2SO4 gradients displayed a main band (ρ = 1.426 g/cm3) and a discrete heavy satellite (ρ = 1.447 g/cm3) This satellite, comprising approximately 1% of the whole cell DNA, appeared to be of nuclear origin and not related to mitochondrial DNA, which was found to have a density of 1.426 g/cm3 in Cs2SO4. No differences were found in the densities of the main band or the satellite DNA in the DNA samples isolated from the different tissues. However, the method of DNA isolation was found to be of crucial importance when comparing satellite DNA's among different tissues.
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    Erythroid stem cells in friend-virus infected miceSupported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonder-forschungsbereich 112, Zellsystemphysiologie). (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 95-103 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The erythropoietic stem cell compartment was studied in Friend-virus (polycythemic strain, FV-P) infected DBA/2 and NMRI mice with the CFUE and BFUE technique. Early after infection there was a depression in CFUE number in bone marrow and spleen, followed by an increase of the CFUE concentration, earlier and more pronounced in the spleen than in the marrow. Three days after FV-P infection an erythropoietin (Ep) independent CFUE population started to grow and replaced the normal Ep-dependent population within 8 to 12 days. The shift to Ep independency was not gradual. CFUE colonies of FV-P infected bone marrow cells were two to three times larger than control colonies after three days in vitro incubation.BFUE colonies increased in number during the first days of infection, but were totally lost after more than ten days. After velocity sedimentation of bone marrow cells of FV-P infected animals, however, the BFUE containing fractions showed normal BFUE colony growth and normal Ep sensitivity. In unfractionated bone marrow cell cultures BFUE colony growth could be observed later than ten days post infection when the cultures were refed with medium. It was therefore concluded that the loss of BFUE colony growth after FV-P infection was an in vitro artefact due to inadequate culture conditions.
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    Plasminogen activator synthesis by cultured human embryonic lung cells: Characterization of the suppressive effect of corticosteroids (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 421-427 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The synthesis of plasminogen activator (PA) by cultured human embryonic lung (HuEL) cells has been examined. The production of PA by these cells was found to be reversibly inhibited by physiological levels of glucocorticoids. The suppression of PA synthesis in HuEL cells was not accompanied by an inhibition of cell growth. Moreover, the glucocorticoid induced deinduction of plasminogen activator synthesis occurred in both growing and non-growing cells. The inhibition of PA production by corticosteroids appeared to have a requirement for DNA-dependent RNA synthesis since the inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA synthesis at the time of exposure of cells to corticosteroids prevented the deinduction of PA.
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    Requirements of BHK cells for the exit from different quiescent states (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 429-439 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the kinetics of exit from the resting state of BHK cells which had been arrested by isoleucine deprivation, serum starvation, or high temperature in the case of three ts G1 mutants. In addition, we have studied the effect of imposing a secondary deprivation on cells which had been released from one of the above mentioned blocks. The results obtained show that the quiescent states reached by BHK cells following serum or isoleucine deprivation cannot be differentiated on the basis of the exit kinetics from Smith and Martin's probabilistic A-state. Nevertheless, the response of cells to secondary deprivation is different, depending on the nature of the primary arresting condition used, reflecting physiological differences between the different resting states. A model is presented which postulates that cycle transition specific genes require the presence of different proliferative agents for their expression.
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    Increased ouabain-sensitive glycolysis of lymphocytes treated with phytohemagglutinin: Relationship to potassium transport (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 407-412 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An early increase in lymphocyte plasma membrane K+ transport is essential for PHA stimulated lymphocytes to divide. Little is known about the specific source and amount of energy required to support the increased transport by activated lymphocytes. Since ouabain, a cardiac glycoside, specifically inhibits the transport ATPase, we have measured the decrement in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity when untreated and PHA treated lymphocytes were exposed to ouabain. This metabolic decrement represents the portion of metabolism associated with monovalent cation transport and closely related processes. Since TCA cycle activity accounted for only 0.2% of glucose consumption, aerobic glycolysis was the major source of energy, i.e., ATP, for increased transport. Approximately one-third of the total lactate production in both control and PHA stimulated lymphocytes was ouabain-sensitive. Ouabain sensitive lactate production in control, 105 μmol/1010 cells/hour, increased 1.8-fold to 193 μmol/1010 cells/hour after PHA treatment. Active K+ influx in similar cell populations increased from 40 μmol/1010 cells/hour to 74 μmol/1010 cells/hour (1.9-fold) after PHA treatment. The increment in ouabain-sensitive energy production and K+ transport were closely correlated and, therefore, 0.38 moles of K+ are transported for each mole of ATP generated in both control and PHA treated cells. The increased requirement for transport related energy is provided by increasing the ouabain-sensitive ATP production rather than altering the efficiency of ATP transduction.
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    Lithium transport by fibroblastic mouse cells: Characterization and stimulation by serum and growth factors in quiescent cultures (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 441-449 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Serum enhances the rate of Li+ entry and exit in quiescent cultures of mouse fibroblasts by 2- to 3-fold. Tertiary cultures of whole mouse embryos as well as established fibroblast lines (3T3, 3T6) show the increase in Li+ permeability when serum is added to cultures whose growth has been arrested by serum deprivation. Growing cells are only slightly more permeable to Li+ in the presence of serum. Purified compounds which initiate DNA synthesis also rapidly increase Li+ entry; mitogenic levels of thrombin and the combination of epidermal growth factor, insulin, and bovine serum albumin were the most effective ones tested. The effect of serum on Li+ uptake occurs within a few minutes, is not affected by inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis, and appears mainly to increase the Vmax of entry. Inhibitors of energy production partially reduce Li+ entry but do not block the activation by serum. One portion of Li+ uptake (-40%), which is inhibited by ouabain, phloretin, or Na+ deprivation, is mediated by the Na+/K+ pump in the plasma membrane. A second mechanism of Li+ entry which is blocked by Na+ or amiloride appears to be a Na+ specific “porter.” The activity of both components is stimulated by serum. The increased activity of the putative Na+ porter would increase Na+ availability to the Na+ pump and may account for its enhancement by serum, which was also noted previously (Rozengurt and Heppel, '75).
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    Altered cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in a mutant adrenocortical tumor cell line (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 451-459 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A somatic cell genetic approach has been used to evaluate the role of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in ACTH action on adrenal steroidogenesis. A mutant clone, 8BrcAMPr-1, previously was isolated from an ACTH-sensitive adrenocortical tumor cell line (clone Y1) following mutagenesis and selective growth in 8-bromoadenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate. This study demonstrates that the 8BrcAMP4-1 cells have an altered cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The protein kinase in the cytosol of the mutant characteristically requires, for half-maximal activity, concentrations of cyclic AMP 7-fold higher than those required by the enzyme in preparations from the parent. The cytosolic cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases of Y1 and 8BrcAMPr-1 cells chromatograph similarly on columns of DEAE-cellulose. From each cell line, a major peak of activity (≥ 70% of recovered activity), designated as Peak I, elutes with 0.04-0.06 M NaCl; a second peak of activity, designated as Peak II, elutes with 0.12-0.14 M NaCl. Protein kinase activity in the Peak I fraction of mutant cells has a decreased apparent affinity (4-fold) for cyclic AMP relative to the corresponding fraction of parental Y1 cells. The protein kinase activities present in Peak II fractions from Y1 and mutant cells are indistinguishable. The protein kinase mutant exhibits poor steroidogenic responses to added ACTH and cyclic AMP; and as shown previously does not display the growth arrest and morphological changes produced in Y1 by these agents. These results suggest that cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is important in the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis, morphology and growth by ACTH.
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    Evidence for variation in the number of functional gene copies at the AmaR locus in chinese hamster cell lines (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 461-467 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The hypothesis of functional hemizygosity has been examined for the α-amanitin resistant (AmaR, a codominant marker) locus in a series of Chinese hamster cell lines. AmaR mutants were obtained from different cell lines, e.g., CHO, CHW, M3-1 and CHO-Kl, at similar frequencies. After fractionation of different RNA polymerase activities in the extracts by chromatographic procedures, the sensitivity of the mutant RNA polymerase II towards α-amanitin was determined. While all of the RNA polymerase II activity in mutant CHO and CHO-Kl lines became resistant to α-amanitin inhibition, only about 50% of the activity is highly resistant in AmaR mutants of CHW and M3-1 cell lines. The remaining activity in the latter cell lines shows α-amanitin sensitivity similar to that seen with the wild-type enzyme. This behaviour is similar to that observed with a 1:1 mixture of resistant and sensitive enzymes from CHO cells. These results, therefore, strongly indicate that while only one functional copy of the gene affected by α-amanitin is present in CHO and CHO-Kl cells, two copies of this gene are functional in the CHW and M3-1 cell lines.
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    RNA synthesis by nuclei and nucleoli from ischemic liver cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 487-496 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclei and nucleoli were isolated from rat livers subjected to an interruption of the blood supply for periods of different duration, as well as after restoration of the blood supply. They were assayed for RNA synthesis under conditions of diverse ionic strengths, and in the presence of an exogenous template, such as poly d (A-T), and actinomycin to inactivate the endogenous template; α-amanitin was made used of to distinguish polymerase I and polymerase II dependent RNA synthesis. Nuclei and nucleoli from ischemic livers showed a severe impairment of RNA synthesis, which is likely to be due to decreased initiation frequency of the engaged polymerases, while free polymerases were essentially unchanged. Both form I and II polymerase were equally involved. After restoration of the blood supply RNA synthesis recovered with an overshooting well above normal levels of activity, lasting for at least 24 hours. Increased RNA synthesis was not followed by thymidine incorporation into DNA.
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    5-fluorotryptophan resistant mutants affecting the A and L transport systems in the mouse L cell line A9 (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 477-485 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tryptophan transport has been examined in A9 and in mutants resistant to 5-fluorotryptophan (5-FT). Evidence indicates that in A9 cells two systems are present for tryptophan transport, which are analogous to the A and L systems found in Ehrlich ascites cells differing, however, in terms of amino acid specificity. Tryptophan uptake via the L system, a high affinity, low capacity system, is Na+ independent and occurs by a counter transport mechanism, while uptake via the A system, a low affinity, high capacity system, is Na+ dependent. Alanine, arginine, lysine, proline, asparagine, and aspartate (listed in order of decreasing inhibitory effect) inhibit tryptophan uptake via the A system from approximately 80-50% while having no inhibitory effect on the L system. In addition, glutamine which inhibits tryptophan uptake by 80% via the L system only inhibits to the extent of 20% via the A system. Previous kinetic studies of 5FT resistant clone FTr37 indicated system A was altered while the analysis of the effects of the mutation on system L was inconclusive. However, in these studies Na+ independent uptake was not altered in FTr 37 indicating system L was not affected. Amino acid competition studies confirmed this observation and suggested that a change in the specificity of system A had occurred in FTr 37. The amino acid competition studies in FTr 23, indicated that the specificities of both systems differed from A9. The possibility that this change may be due to a single mutational event is discussed.
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    Factors influencing endothelial cell proliferation in vitroSupported by Research Grants HL-11775, 5T01AM05130-19, HL-07093, GM-13543, HL-03174 from the U.S. Public Health Service and Research Career Development Award AM70637 (Dr. L. J. Quadracci). (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 203-213 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relative roles of blood cell products and plasma factors on endothelial cell proliferation were evaluated by studying the proliferative response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to cell free plasma derived serum (CFPDS), whole blood serum (WBS), platelet released factors, fibroblast growth factor and macrophage conditioned medium in vitro. Human adult arterial smooth muscle cells were treated in a similar manner for comparison. The rate of endothelial cell proliferation was directly related to the concentrations of both WBS and CFPDS. Growth rate in WBS was marginally greater than that observed in CFPDS during early culture, however, similar confluent densities were achieved. The addition of platelet released factors to CFPDS did not further stimulate endothelial cell proliferation. In contrast smooth muscle cells were quiescent in CFPDS despite increasing serum concentrations, but proliferated actively in response to platelet released factors. Both human macrophage conditioned medium and fibroblast growth factor increased endothelial cell proliferation significantly when compared with CFPDS alone. It is concluded that endothelial cell proliferation in preconfluent cultures is dependent on plasma factors while human vascular smooth muscle cells also require cell derived mitogens such as platelet growth factor to proliferate. The release of a substance by human macrophages mitogenic for endothelial cells may be involved in endothelial cell proliferation in vivo.
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    Differentiation-related death of an established keratinocyte line in suspension culture (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 469-475 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An established keratinocyte line (XB), derived from a mouse teratoma, terminally differentiates in suspension culture in a manner similar to human epidermal keratinocytes. When surface-grown XB cells are placed in suspension culture, they lose colony forming ability very rapidly; within three days the loss is virtually complete. Measurement of the ability of the suspended cells to synthesize protein and RNA show that they begin to lose both after 12 hours, the rate of uridine and glycine incorporation falling nearly to zero in about 36 hours. The cells then become insoluble in ionic detergents, owing to the formation of disulfide-stabilized keratin filaments, and digest their nuclei.The total RNA content of the cells (a measure of ribosomes) begins to drop sharply about 12 hours after the cells are placed in suspension culture, and most RNA is eliminated by 24 hours. This process is independent of the presence of serum in the medium. DNA also begins to disappear from the cells, but this process is slower than ribosomal destruction and is strongly affected by the presence of serum. After seven days in the absence of serum, half the DNA still remains, and nearly all the nuclei are still visible, whereas during the same period in the presence of serum all visible nuclei and all DNA disappear.In contrast to the destructive process that takes place in the keratinocytes, 3T3 cells are much more stable in suspension culture. They show a reversible decline in their rate of amino acid incorporation, but no decline in their rate of uridine incorporation, and they undergo little loss in colony forming efficiency for several days. They retain most of their RNA and nuclei with full DNA content. The destructive process in suspended XB cells seems to be a model for the cell death that takes place in terminal differentiation of the keratinocyte.
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    Physiological quiescence in plasma-derived serum: Influence of platelet-derived growth factor on cell growth in culture (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 497-508 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A platelet-derived growth factor can be shown to be the principal stimulant of DNA synthesis in whole blood serum for those cells that require serum for maintenance and growth in culture. Cell free plasma-derived serum lacks such platelet-derived material. 3T3 cells and primate arterial smooth muscle cells can be maintained in a quiescent state in culture for as long as six weeks in plasma-derived serum. Such cells can grow logarithmically after exposure to 5% whole blood serum or as little as 100 ng/ml of partially purified platelet factor. The cell cycle of smooth muscle cells has been studied in the quiescent (5% plasma-derived serum) and growing state (5% whole blood serum or 5% plasma-derived serum plus platelet factor). The generation time of smooth muscle cells is 16 to 18 hours as shown by autoradiographic frequency of labelled mitoses. The generation time is the same for cells in the growth fraction in either 5% whole blood serum or 5% plasma-derived serum. Thus, platelet factor acts by recruiting cells into the growth fraction rather than effecting a change in the duration of the cell cycle. Flow microfluorimetry studies on cells growing logarithmically in 5% whole blood serum give the following phase durations:G1 = 5.6 hours; S = 7.6 hours; and G2 + M = 3.8 hours.Based on these studies the argument is presented that cells cultured in 5% plasma-derived serum provide a more physiological base for the study of quiescence than do cells in low concentrations of whole blood serum or confluent, density inhibited cells at high (5% or greater) concentrations of whole blood serum. Furthermore, 5% plasma-derived serum represents an appropriate state to examine the perturbation of quiescent cells.
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    Cultured human fibroblasts: Distribution of cell generations and a critical limit (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 509-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In circular outgrowths of human skin fibroblasts we found that mitotic cells at the circumference had consumed more of their replicative lifespan than cells located more centrally. The lifespan remaining in cells at a given radial position could be predicted by determining their generation level based on the rate at which the outgrowth expanded and the cell doubling time. The data also show that outgrowths contain a heterogeneous mixture of cells described by a linear distribution of generations which can account for the variable replicative capacity observed in clones and the exponential increase in the fraction of nondividing cells with serial passage. These results support the concept that a critical limit of cell divisions determines the replicative lifespan.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040970326
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    The effect of oxygen tension on haemopoietic and fibroblast cell proliferation in vitro (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 97 (1978), S. 517-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of providing low oxygen tension in the gas phase of two different types of cell culture systems were investigated. The clonal growth of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in an agar culture system was improved markedly by incubation within a low oxygen tension gas phase (48 mmHg - 6.8%) instead of the conventional air (135 mmHg - 19%), the effects being measured by increases in numbers of colony forming cells detected and in the colony sizes. The increased efficiency of colony formation was observed both with mouse and human marrow cells. A similar effect was observed in a liquid adherence culture system with primary cultures of foetal mouse fibroblasts both at clonal and higher cell densities.
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    Regulation of protein synthesis in human diploid fibroblasts: Reduced initiation efficiency in resting culturesThis research was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grants GM-20306, RR-05540, and CA-10915, and National Science Foundation Grant GB-35590. T. H. M. was a predoctoral trainee supported by a U.S. Public Health Service Grant (T32 CA-09171-01) awarded to The Wistar Institute. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 229-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The level of poly A+ RNA in growing cultures of human diploid fibroblasts is 1.8-fold times greater than in resting cultures. The level of functional ribosomes in growing cultures is 2.8 times that in resting cultures. Since transit times are similar in both types of cells, it can be concluded that the rate of protein synthesis in growing cultures is 2.8 times that in resting cultures. A reduced efficiency of mRNA translation at the level of initiation in resting cultures is proposed as a probable explanation for the fact that the decrease in protein synthesis rates is greater than the decrease in mRNA levels. This hypothesis is supported by the observations that: (a) poly A+ RNA is associated with smaller polysomes in resting than in growing cells, and (b) cycloheximide treatment of resting cells results in recruitment of nonpolysomal poly A+ RNA into polysomes and a shift of polysomal poly A+ RNA into larger polysomes.
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    Nature of cells forming erythroid colonies in agar after stimulation by spleen conditioned mediumThis work was supported by the Carden Fellowship Fund of the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, The National Health and Medical Research Council, Camberra and the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Contract NOI-CB-33854. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Erythroid colony formation in agar cultures of CBA cells was stimulated by the addition of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated C57BL spleen conditioned medium. Both 48-hour colonies (“48-hour benzidine-positive aggregates”) and day 7 large burst or unicentric erythroid colonies (“erythroid colonies”) developed, together with many neutrophil and/or macrophage colonies.In CBA mice, the cells forming erythroid colonies occurred with maximum frequency (650/105 cells) in 10- to 11-day-old yolk sac and fetal liver but were present also in fetal blood, spleen and bone marrow. The frequency of these cells fell sharply with increasing age and only occasional cells (2/105 cells) were present in adult marrow. A marked strain variation was noted, CBA mice having the highest levels of erythroid colony-forming cells.The erythroid colony-forming cells in 12-day CBA fetal liver were radiosensitive (Do 110-125 rads), mainly in cycle and were non-adherent, light density, cells sedimenting with a peak velocity of 6-9 mm/hr. These properties are similar to those of other hemopoietic progenitor cells in fetal tissues. The relationship of these apparently erythropoietin-independent erythroid colony-forming cells to those forming similar colonies after stimulation by erythropoietin remains to be determined.
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    Changes in membrane dynamics associated with myogenic cell fusion (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 253-263 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in membrane dynamic properties associated with membrane fusion are studied employing in vitro myoblast fusion as a model system. We utilize a microscopic fluorescence relaxation approach which makes feasible the study of local variations in membrane dynamics within surface subdomains of single intact cells. Studies of the average rotational mobility of the fluorescent probe-1-anilino-naphthalene-8-sulfonate by this technique indicate that myoblast fusion activity is preceded by a generalized increased in membrane fluidity and that areas of cell contact between fusing cells exhibit higher fluidity and polarity, locally, than non-fusion regions.
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    The role of adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate in the density-dependent regulation of growth and tyrosinase activity of b-16 melanoma cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 265-273 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Incubation of cultured B-16 melanoma cells with 1-methyl-3-isobutyl xanthine (MIX) produced a sustained rise in intracellular adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) which preceded an increase in the specific activity of tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1). Cultures of two clones of melanoma cells, one having a mean population doubling time twice that of the other, showed density-dependent inhibition of growth. The tyrosinase activity of each line increased progressively during logarithmic growth, reaching maximal values shortly after the cultures achieved confluence. Intracellular cAMP levels fell during logarithmic growth, being minimal in confluent cultures. The stimulatory effects of MIX and confluence on tyrosinase activity were additive. Cells plated at high density had a lower tyrosinase activity than cells allowed to achieve a similar density by successive division from sparsely planted cultures although the intracellular cAMP levels of such cultures were not different. We support the observations of other investigators that agents which increase intracellular cAMP concentrations can both inhibit cell division and stimulate tyrosinase activity. There are, however, mechanisms for increasing tyrosinase activity and inhibiting cell division which are expressed as B-16 melanoma cells approach confluence and which are not mediated by an increase in intracellular cAMP concentrations.
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    Early transport changes during erythroid differentiation of friend leukemic cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 275-285 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Early transport changes occurring during Friend erythroleukemic cell differentiation are reported. A decrease in the rate of 86Rb transport was observed beginning approximately five hours after stimulation with 1.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a potent inducer of Friend cell differentiation. By 12 to 14 hours after DMSO addition, the transport rate had stabilized at close to 60% of control level. This decrease in the rate of 86Rb transport preceded a previously reported decrease in cell volume. Other chemical inducers of Friend cells, such as hypoxanthine and ouabain, also caused early decreases in 86Rb influx. In contrast, xanthine, which does not induce Friend cell differentiation, also did not affect 86Rb influx.The transport of two amino acid analogues, αaminoisobutyric acid and 2-aminobicyclo [2,2,1]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, which differ in their mode of uptake, was also measured following induction by DMSO. The transport rates of both compounds decreased after a 12-hour exposure to DMSO. In contrast, the uptake of 3H-colchicine, a drug which diffuses passively across the cell membrane, was not significantly affected.Studies with several variant cell lines which do not synthesize hemoglobin in response to DMSO indicate that these non-inducible cells can be divided into two classes - those that demonstrate early changes in transport very similar to the changes observed in inducible cell lines and those which exhibit only small changes in transport. Results obtained using a revertant clone have helped to distinguish between those transport changes which are associated with the induction of hemoglobin synthesis and those which are not. In addition, these early transport changes may be useful in defining the stage in the differentiation process at which a particular variant line is blocked.
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    Phenylalanine hydroxylase in melanoma cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 307-314 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A pigmented subclone of Cloudman S91 melanoma cells, PS1-wild type, can grow in medium lacking tyrosine. This ability is conferred by phenylalanine hydroxylase activity, and not by tryptophan hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosinase activities, although the latter activity is also present in these cells. Conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine was measured in living cells by chromatographic identification of the metabolites of [14C]phenylalanine and in cell extracts using a sensitive assay for phenylalanine hydroxylase. Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in melanoma cell extracts was identified by its inhibition with p-chlorophenylalanine and not with 6-fluorotryptophan, 3-iodotyrosine, phenylthiourea, tyrosine or tryptophan; and by adsorption with antiserum prepared against purified rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase, and migration of immunoprecipitable activity with authentic phenylalanine hydroxylase subunits in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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    Toxicity, radiation sensitivity modification, and metabolic effects of dehydroascorbate and ascorbate in mammalian cellsSupported by the Ontario Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, NCI Grant CA 13747 and the Medical Research Council of Canada., Parts of this work were presented at the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society, Miami Beach, Florida, 1975. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 299-306 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Dehydroascorbate, an electron affinic metabolite of vitamin C, sensitized Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, in vivo, to radiation and was selectively toxic to V79 Chinese hamster lung cells under hypoxic conditions (without radiation). The radiosensitization may involve both the electron affinic nature of dehydroascorbate as well as its ability to oxidize the intracelluar NAD(P)H and non-protein sulfhydryl. Dehydroascorbate's oxidation of NAD(P)H required higher concentrations than other sulfhydryl oxidants such as N-ethylmaleimide and diamide. The oxidation of NAD(P)H by dehydroascorbate could be reversed by glucose. Hypoxic cell radiosensitization of V79 cells in tissue culture by dehydroascorbate could not be easily demonstrated because of the rapid breakdown and appreciable cytotoxicity of the drug at high concentration. The cytotoxicity was found to occur with both high and low densities of V79 cells. With low cell densities small amounts of oxygen did not reduce the cytotoxicity of dehydroascorbate, but virtually eliminated the cytotoxicity of nitroaromatic electron affinic compounds (metronidazole and Ro-07-0582). The cytotoxicity to dense cell suspensions was found to depend upon the type of buffer included in the reaction medium. The maximum cytotoxicity was obtained in buffer free saline. The reduced form of dehydroascorbate, vitamin C, was found to be toxic only under aerobic conditions. The aerobic cytotoxicity could be prevented by the addition of catalase to the growth medium or by an increase in cell density, suggesting it was caused entirely by the production of H2O2 from the oxidation of vitamin C.
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    Effects of ph and type of sugar in the medium on tyrosinase activity in cultured melanoma cellsThis work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan, and a grant from the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 139-145 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) activity of cultured mouse melanoma cells B16 in the stationary phase of growth, depends greatly on the pH of the medium and the kind of sugar present.The enzyme activity of a homogenate of cells grown at pH 7.2 in Eagles's MEM supplemented with 10% new born calf serum and containing galactose in place of glucose, was about ten times that of a homogenate of cells cultured at pH 6.3 in the same medium. The tyrosinase activity changed reversibily on changing the pH of the culture medium.When cultured at a constant pH of 7.2, cells grown with 1 mM galactose had about five times higher tyrosinase activity than cells grown with 1 mM glucose. Only a small amount of lactate accumulated in cultures with glucose and it had little effect on the enzyme activity.These two findings explain the very low tyrosinase activity of cells cultured in medium with 5 mM glucose: the low activity is due to the presence of glucose and to the low pH resulting from conversion of glucose to lactic acid.
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    Effect of hydrocortisone on cell morphology in C6 cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 321-333 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Hydrocortisone has been found to induce cell spreading in rat glial C6 cells by 24 hours after its addition. This spreading phenomenon is correlated with an increase in the fraction of the peripheral cytoplasm occupied by microfilaments. Cytochalasin B causes disorganization of microfilaments in the peripheral cytoplasm of the cells. Additionally, it also prevents cell spreading in response to hormonal stimulation. High levels of calcium prevent recovery of normal microfilament organization and cell spreading following removal of cytochalasin B, but have no effect on normal microfilament organization alone. Additionally both the hydrocortisone induced spreading of C6 cells and increases in peripheral microfilaments are shown to be dependent on RNA and protein synthesis. The levels of protein co-electrophoresing with actin are not effected by hydrocortisone.
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    Heat shock dependent fluctuations of RNase activity during the cell cycle of synchronized Tetrahymena (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 85-93 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The total cellular acid RNase activity per milliliter of culture increases sharply following each heat shock in the cell cycle of Tetrahymena pyriformis ST synchronized with heat shocks spaced one generation time apart. Thus, the RNase activity per 105 cells is 24.5 units immediately after the end of the sixth heat shock, increases to 39.0 units during the following 55 minutes and decreases to 24.2 units at the start of the seventh heat shock. No change in the RNase activity occurs during the heat shock period. In logarithmically growing cells the RNase activity per 105 cells is 15.4 units. The heat shock stimulates the increase in the RNase activity, since no rapid increase occurs during the free running division cycle but a rapid increase occurs after an additional heat shock given at different times during the cell cycleInhibition of the increase in RNase activity by cycloheximide suggests that concurren protein synthesis is required for the stimulation of the RNase activity by the heat shock treatment.
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    Serum-stimulated changes in calcium transport and distribution in mouse 3T3 cells and their modification by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 71-84 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Serum stimulation of quiescent 3T3 cells returns the cells to a proliferative state. Changes in Ca content, transport and distribution during the transition through G1 and S phase have been investigated following serum stimulation of these cells. 45Ca exchange data indicate at least two kinetically defined cellular compartments for Ca; a rapidly exchanging component presumably representing surface Ca which is removable by EGTA and a slowly exchanging component presumably representing cytoplasmically located Ca. Previous studies (Tupper and Zorgniotti, 1977) indicate that the approach to quiescence in the 3T3 cells is characterized by a large increase in the surface Ca component. The present data demonstrate that this component is rapidly lost following serum stimulation. Furthermore, the serum induces an 8-fold increase in Ca influx into the cytoplasmic compartment and a reduction in the unidirectional efflux rate coefficient for Ca. The increased Ca uptake peaks at approximately six hours (mid G1) and is accompanied by a parallel increase in cellular Ca. Prior to entrance of the cells into S phase (10 - 12 hours), Ca uptake declines. This is followed by a slower decline in cytoplasmic Ca levels. Simultaneous addition of fresh serum plus 0.5 mM dibutyryl cAMP inhibits the entrance of the cells into S phase. Under these conditions the loss of surface Ca is not blocked. However, the presence of 0.5 mM dibutyryl cAMP inhibits the increase in Ca uptake and, in turn, diminishes the increase in cellular Ca following serum stimulation. In contrast, a low level of dibutyryl cAMP (0.1 mM) enhances progression through G1 phase but also reduces both Ca uptake and Ca content of the cells. The data suggest that the serum induced changes in Ca content and transport are linked to intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels and progression through G1 phase and that extracellular cAMP elevating agents may enhance or inhibit these interactions in a concentration dependent manner.
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    Chloride and sulfate transport in ehrlich ascites tumor cells: Evidence for a common mechanism (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 23-32 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of phloretin, H2DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyano-1,2-diphenylethane-2,2′-disulfonate) and SO4-2 on anion transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was studied in an effort to determine whether Cl- and SO4-2 share a common transport mechanism. Sulfate, in the presence of constant extracellular Cl- (100 mM), reduces Cl- self-exchange by 43% (40 mM SO4-2) and Cl--SO4-2 exchange by 36% (25 mM Cl-/O SO4-2) compared to 25 mM Cl-/50 mM SO4-2. Phloretin blocks without delay and to the same extent the self-exchange of both Cl- and SO4-2. For example, at 10-4 M phloretin, anion transport is inhibited 28% which increases to 78% at 5 × 10-4 M. Reversibly bound H2DIDS also inhibits the self-exchange of both Cl- and SO4-2. However, at all H2DIDS concentrations tested (0.5 - 10 × 10-5 M) SO4-2 transport was far more susceptible to inhibition than that of Cl-. H2DIDS when irreversibly bound to the cell inhibits SO4-2 but not Cl- transportThe results of these experiments are consistent with the postulation that both Cl- and SO4-2 are transported by a common mechanism possessing two reactive sites.
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    Conditions which affect initiation of animal cell division by trypsin and thrombin (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 13-22 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It has been well documented that trypsin or thrombin initiate proliferation of quiescent secondary chick embryo cells. However, there has been less certainty about the ability of these proteases to initiate division of quiescent mammalian cells. Accordingly, we studied the conditions under which quiescent chick embryo (CE), mouse embryo (ME), and human diploid foreskin (HF) cells respond to trypsin or thrombinExtended culture of these cell strains in serum-free medium increased the initiation of cell division by both proteases. Under these conditions, CE cell number was increased 90% over controls by trypsin and 70% by thrombin. In contrast, quiescent ME and HF cells both responded better to thrombin than trypsin, giving maximal increases, respectively, of 70 and 40% over controls with thrombin and 22 and 14% with trypsin. Calf serum inhibited the initiation of these cell strains, particularly the ME cells, by both trypsin and thrombin. This inhibition of initiation could be attributed to decreased proteolytic activity in the case of trypsin, but not thrombinIn contrast to the cell strains tested, quiescent cultures of the 3T3 cell line showed no detectable increase in cell number with trypsin or thrombin in the absence of serum, and only a slight increase in cell number with thrombin in the presence of serum. However, in the presence of plasma, 3T3 cell number increased up to 20% with thrombinInitiation of cell division by proteases has been reported and confirmed mostly for early passage cell strains rather than cell lines. Our experiments with CE cells indicate that this is possibly the result of a rapid decline in protease responsiveness upon serial subculture. With these cells we found a decline in response first to trypsin, then thrombin, and finally serumThroughout these studies, we compared the ability of trypsin and thrombin to initiate cell division under various conditions. We found several differences between the two proteases, indicating that they initiate cell division by somewhat different mechanisms.
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    Effects of cortisol, 17β-estradiol and thyroliberin on prolactin and growth hormone production, cell grwoth and cell cycle distribution in cultured rat pituitary tumour cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 205-213 
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    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Prolactin and growth hormone production were measured in a rat pituitary tumour cell strain (GH3) after treatment with cortisol (5 × 10-6 M), thyroliberin (2.5 × 10-6 M) and 17β-estradiol (10-6 M). The changes in hormone production were related to alterations in cell growth rate and cell cycle distribution. Cortisol inhibited prolactin production, stimulated growth hormone production and reduced the cellular growth rate measured two days after start of treatment (maximum about 40% inhibition). Flow-micro fluorometric analysis of DNA distributions showed that cortisol treatment reduced the relative number of cells in S phase (maximum effect about 50%) with a compensatory increase of the proportion of cells in G1 phase. The lack of inhibition of prolactin production after three days of cortisol treatment may partly be related to the increased number of cells in G1 phase. Thyroliberin and 17β-estradiol did not significantly affect cell growth after six days of treatment, although the fraction of cells in S phase was reduced by approximately 40% with a corresponding increase of cells in G1 phase. For thyroliberin and 17β-estradiol, the stimulatory effect on prolactin production and the inhibitory effect on growth hormone production witin a period of treatment of six days cannot be explained by a shift in cell cycle distributions. None of the three hormones influenced the growth fraction which was equal to unity.In conclusion, thyroliberin and 17β-etradiol are able to change prolactin and growth hormone production without altering the cell cycle distribution. However, the effects of cortisol on prolactin and growth hormone production may partly be due to an alteration in cell cycle traverse resulting in an increased number of cells in the G1 phase.
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    Different red cell populations in newborn, genetically low potassium sheep: Relation to hematopoietic, immunologic and physiologic differentiation (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 94 (1978), S. 215-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three red cell populations have been distinguished in genotypically low potassium (LK) newborn sheep by an improved electrical sizing method and were best approximated by a logarithmic normal distribution. Labeling studies with 51Cr and 59Fe exclude transformation of the three red cell populations into each other. Population I, consisting of large red cells (mean volume 36 μm3), with a comparatively slow electrophoretic mobility is present at birth and disappears within three to four weeks from circulation. These cells possess a high potassium (HK) steady state concentration, a K+ pump influx activity at least 5-fold greater than observed in adult LK red cells, very low amounts of the L antigens generally associated with the LK property, and do not respond to the stimulatory action of the L antibody. The first population is gradually replaced by population II comprising small red cells (mean volume 28 μm3) of intermediate electrophoretic mobility and with a peak production around day 20 after birth. The potassium concentration, [K+]c, in these cells appears to be lower than in the cells of population I but the L antigen content is increased. Formation of population III (mean volume 30 μm3 and comparatively fast electrophoretic mobility) follows closely that of population II and is preceded by a sharp increase in reticulocytosis. The red cells of population III exhibit parameters characteristic for adult LK cells: low [K+]c and K+ pump activity, fully developed L antigen content, and an almost maximal response to the K+ pump stimulating effect of anti-L. In L and M antigen positive LK red cells of newborn sheep, the development of the M antigen parallels that of the L antigen. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that cellular replacement and not maturation is the major factor in controlling the HK-LK transition in newborn sheep.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040940211
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    Studies of cAMP metabolism in cultured hepatoma cells: Presence of functional adenylate cyclase despite low camp content and lack of hormonal responsiveness (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ability of isoproterenol, glucagon, PGE1 and cholera toxin to stimulate the synthesis of cAMP and protein kinase activity in a line of liver cells (BRL) and a line of rat hepatoma cells (H35) has been determined.The concentration of cAMP in BRL cells (∼ 10 pmoles/mg protein) is in the range reported for other cultured cell lines but H35 cells contain extraordinarily low amounts of this cyclic nucleotide (∼ 0.05 pmoles/mg protein). Isoproterenol and PGE1 caused an increase in cAMP content, and protein kinase activation in BRL cells, although glucagon was ineffective. H35 cells, in contrast, were completely insensitive to all hormonal agonists. Despite this fact, cholera toxin was able to produce a marked increase in cAMP content, adenylate cyclase activity and protein kinase activation in H35 cells. Binding studies with [125I]-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol, a specific β-adrenergic receptor antagonist, revealed that each H35 cell possesses fewer than 10 β-adrenergic receptors whereas BRL cells contain 2-5,000 receptors per cell. The low level of cAMP in H35 cells appears to result from a combination of totally unstimulated adenylate cyclase and apparently elevated phoshodiesterase activities.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960210
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    The modulation of the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by spermine, spermidine and diamines (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 225-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Extremely low concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine added to the extracellular medium of cultures of mammalian cells inhibit the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity despite 100- to 1,000-fold greater intracellular polyamine concentrations. The diamines, 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,12-diaminododecane also inhibit ornithine decarboxylase at all concentrations tested (greater than 10-6 M). In contrast, 10-6 M to 10 -3 M 1,8-diaminooctane, the alkyl analog of spermidine, enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity.The concentraton of putrescine required to inhibit the activity of ornithine decarboxylase by 50% is a characteristic of each cell line; however, it varies by as much as 1,000-fold among the five cell lines we have tested (L1210 leukemic, H35 hepatoma, N18 neuroblastoma, W256 carcinosarcoma and 3T3 fibroblasts).The antizyme to ornithine decarboxylase can be induced in all these cells by high (di)(poly)amine concentrations.Based on these and other experiments we suggest a working hypothesis: that the polyamines regulate ornithine decarboxylase activity through two different sites that may be interrelated; a sensitive membrane-mediated site that responds to minute fluctuations of extracellular polyamine levels and a coarse site which may be intracellular or membrane associated that responds to larger fluctuations of intracellular polyamine levels. The consequences of such a control mechanism operating within the whole organism are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960211
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    Dna replication in human lymphocytes during agingSupported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA-11524, CA-12818 and CA-06551) and the National Science Foundation (PCM76-80439) by grants to this Institute from the National Institutes of Health (CA-06927 and RR-05539) and by an appropriation from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An analysis of the accuracy of protein and DNA synthesis in human lymphocytes with respect to aging has been carried out. The response of human peripheral lymphocytes, from young and old adults, to phytohemagglutinin was measured at varying temperatures. This should provide a sensitive test for the accumulation of altered thermolabile proteins that are rate limiting in the response to phytohemagglutinin. At 37°C the rate of thymidine incorporation as well as the induction of DNA polymerase in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from old and young adults were similar. Also at elevated temperatures, the thermosensitivity of DNA replication in lymphocytes from young and old adults was the same.DNA polymerase was purified from PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from young and old adults. The fidelity of DNA synthesis using poly (dC) as a template was similar with both enzymes. However, DNA polymerase-α purified from old adults was thermolabile compared to the enzyme from young adults. Thus, while the lymphocytes from old individuals may have heat labile proteins, they do not limit their proliferative capacity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960212
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    Culture pH, CO2 tension, and cell division in Euglena gracilis ZThis work was supported by United States Public Health Service Grant GM-12179 to Dr. J. R. Cook. (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Growth characteristics of Euglena gracilis Z as functions of culture pH, CO2 tension, temperature, and lighting regime were investigated. The results are consistent with the possibility that cell division is preceded by a lowered intracellular pH. Also consistent with this possibility is the finding that division rhythmicity can be induced by periodic changes in CO2 tension. It is suggested that the rhythmicity is induced by changes in intracellular pH produced by carbonic acid.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960214
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    The role of myonuclei in muscle regeneration: An in vitro study (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It is well established that during muscle regeneration, the satellite cells which are in a state of mitotic arrest, can initiate cell division to produce myoblasts which subsequently fuse to form myotubes. However, whether myonuclei, contained within damaged myotubes, or “freed” as a result of the trauma, play any role in muscle regeneration remains unresolved.In myogenic cultures, it is possible to obtain renewed myogenesis when initial cultures are sub-cultured. The aim of this study, was to obtain evidence of the participation by myonuclei of primary cultures in myogenesis which occurs subsequently in secondary cultures. In culture, myonuclei can be labelled with H3-thymidine and their ultimate fate, either as “free” myonuclei or myonuclei associated with disrupted myotubes can be followed unequivocally. Three types of experiments are performed: (i) Primary myogenic cultures containing only myotubes are subcultured. (ii) Primary myogenic cultures containing myotubes with labelled myonuclei are disrupted and subcultured. (iii) Primary myogenic cultures containing myotubes with unlabelled myonuclei are mixed with labelled mononucleated myogenic cells and sub-cultured.In all instances no evidence of myogenesis from myonuclei is obtained. It is concluded that myonuclei, which were rendered postmitotic during myogenesis, remain so when muscle is disrupted and cannot re-enter the mitotic cycle.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960213
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    Masthead (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 96 (1978) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040960301
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    Epidermal growth factor induced membrane changes in 3T3 cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogen for Swiss 3T3 cells. Short incubation periods with physiological concentrations of EGF induced increased binding of Swiss 3T3 cells to Con A-coated nylon fibers. This effect was not induced in an EGF non-responsive 3T3 variant, in the transformed murine XC cells or in Swiss SV3T3 cells. The increase in Con A fiber-binding seems to be specific for EGF, since it was not observed in response to insulin, prostaglandin F2α or a higher serum concentration, which also initiate cell division of confluent quiescent 3T3 cells.EGF also reduced Con A-mediated hemadsorption to 3T3, but had no effect on hemadsorption by the EGF non-responsive 3T3 variant. There was no change in the number of Con A-receptors on 3T3 cells after EGF treatment. Binding to WGA-coated fibers and WGA-mediated hemadsorption were not effected by preincubation with EGF.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950209
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