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  • Articles  (13)
  • Chlorella  (13)
  • Springer  (13)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Cell Press
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • 1945-1949
  • 2007
  • 2006
  • 1978  (13)
  • Biology  (13)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
  • Philosophy
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • Articles  (13)
Source
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (13)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Cell Press
Years
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (13)
  • 1945-1949
Year
Topic
  • Biology  (13)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
  • Philosophy
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of permeant acids and bases on net potassium uptake by Chlorella (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 138 (1978), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorella ; Permeant acids and bases ; pH-stat ; Potassium uptake ; Proton transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salts of membrane-permeant acids and bases strongly influence net K uptake by Chlorella fusca. Na phenylacetate, acetate, isobutyrate, propionate, and butyrate added to buffered algal suspensions containing 0.1–0.2 mM KCl increasingly stimulated net K uptake. In contrast, K release was induced by the chlorides of imidazole, ammonia and methylamine. All these effects were found in the light and, less pronounced, in the dark. The dependence of the net K movements on the concentrations of the salts added and on the pH of the medium suggests that the free acids or bases are the effective agents. Between net uptake of K and uptake of labeled propionate a molar ratio close to 1 was found. It is concluded that the internal pH of the cell is changed by the permeants. Acidification of the cytoplasm stimulates extrusion of protons coupled to uptake of K. Alcalization brings about proton uptake and K extrusion. Apparently K/H exchange serves as a pH-stat of the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386818
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate reductase of Chlorella fusca: Partial purification, cytochrome content and presence of HCN after in vivo inactivation (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorella ; Cyanide ; Cytochrome b557 ; Nitrate reductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An inactivated nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) formed in vivo by the green alga Chlorella fusca Shihira and Kraus is shown to be a cyanide complex. The partially purified inactive enzyme releases 0.048 nmol of HCN per unit of enzyme activated. This compares with 0.066 nmol of HCN liberated in similar previous measurements with the inactivated enzyme from Chlorella vulgaris. The nitrate reductase from C. fusca has been purified to a level of 67 μmol nitrate reduced per min per mg enzyme. It contains a cytochrome b557, at a level 1.9-fold higher per unit of active enzyme, than the nitrate reductase from C. vulgaris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388351
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ammonium and ferricyanide on nitrate utilization by Chlorella vulgaris (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 279-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ammonium ; Chlorella ; Ferricyanide ; Nitrate reductase ; HCN-Inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown previously that added ammonium salts cause a cessation of nitrate utilization in some Chlorella species. It has also been shown that Chlorella vulgaris can form an inactivated nitrate reductase which is an HCN complex. In the present study, a comparison has been made of the rate of nitrate utilization and the rate of nitrate reductase inactivation in Chlorella vulgaris in response to the addition of ammonium salts and light-dark changes. The rate of formation of HCN-inactivated enzyme is too slow to account for the prompt inhibition of nitrate utilization caused by adding ammonium. In contrast, when nitrate utilization is inhibited by addition of ferricyanide to intact cells, the HCN-inactivated enzyme is promptly formed in vivo, and might account for the inhibition of nitrate utilization, though inhibition of nitrate uptake can not be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388344
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfite: Preferential sulfur source and modifier of CO2 fixation in Chlorella vulgaris (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 143 (1978), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorella ; CO2 fixation ; Growth yield ; Methionine ; O2 evolution ; Sulfolipids ; Sulfite action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sulfite was added at the time of inoculation to a standard and to a sulfate deficient medium of Chlorella vulgaris. It was not only used as a sulfur source, but besides this, at concentrations 〈1.0 mmol l−1, the growth yield was enhanced up to 30% compared to sulfate saturated conditions. Higher sulfite concentrations increasingly inhibited cell growth. Growth rate determinations indicated that the enhancement, and the inhibition respectively, were confined to the very beginning of culture growth; the time period during which the sulfite was not yet oxidized (5–10 h). In contrast, an increased CO2 fixation rate/unit of protein, occurring up to 5.0 mmol l−1 sulfite and a shift towards the β-carboxylation pathway, are persisting at least during the growth period of 4 days. The preferential uptake of sulfite, also indicated by a marked increase in methionine content of algal protein, presumably causes an increase in thylakoidal sulfolipids, and is such modifying the CO2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387793
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of 14CO2 in prenylquinones of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 141 (1978), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chlorella ; Photosynthesis (prenylquinone synthesis) ; Prenylquinones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation and release of 14C-label in prenylquinones of Chlorella was investigated under steady state conditions. After one hour of 14CO2-photosynthesis all plastid quinones investigated were labeled. The highest label was found in phylloquinone (18%) while α-tocopherol exhibits the lowest label (0.38%). Among the plastoquinones, plastohydroquinone-9 shows a higher labeling degree (5.1%) and a faster labeling kinetic than plastoquinone-9 (1.6%). After replacement of 14CO2 against 12CO2 the total radioactivity in plastohydroquinone-9, α-tocopherol and phylloquinone decreases but in α-tocoquinone and plastoquinone-9 proceeds further. From this labeling kinetic we conclude, that newly synthesized [14C]α-tocopherol molecules are converted to [14C]α-tocoquinone and [14C]plastohydroquinone-9 molecules to [14C]plastoquinone-9. From their 14C-incorporation kinetic half-lives could be calculated for all prenylquinones in the same ranges as previously found for the chlorophylls and carotenoids (Grumbach et al., 1978). Half-lives are shorter in plastohydroquinone-9 (30 min) and plastoquinone-9 (40 min) than in phylloquinone (55 min), α-tocoquinone (50 min) and α-tocopherol (220 min). This means that all prenyl-lipids such as chlorophyll a, α-and β-carotene, plastohydroquinone-9 and plastoquinone-9 which are more directly involved in the process of photosynthesis are subject to a continuous and higher turnover than the xanthophyll and α-tocopherol. From the fast labeling kinetic and short half-lives of α-tocoquinone and especially phylloquinone with a labeling degree of 12% after one hour of 14CO2 photosynthesis we suppose that perhaps these two prenylquinones are also involved in the photosynthetic activity of chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388340
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incorporation of 14CO2 in photosynthetic pigments of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 140 (1978), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carotenoids ; Chlorophylls ; Chlorella ; Photosynthetic pigments ; Turnover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tracer kinetic studies of chloroplast pigments of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were carried out in a special steady-state apparatus which allowed the simultaneous recording of oxygen evolution, CO2-fixation and 14CO2-incorporation. A special cylindrical vessel which permits labeling experiments with larger algae suspensions (800 ml) is described.-1. After 2 h of 14CO2-photosynthesis (fixation rate 100–160 μmol CO2/μmol chlorophyllxh) 3.3% of the total 14C-uptake (5.66 mCi) was found in the Chlorella lipid fraction. Total and specific radioactivity were higher in total carotenoids than in the chlorophylls. Chlorophyll a gave a higher labeling degree (2.4%) than chlorophyll b (1.3%).-2. Among the carotenoids α-and β-carotene were labeled after 2 h 14CO2 exposure with the same specific radioactivity and with a particular high labeling degree of c. 19%. The xanthophylls exhibit lower labeling degree (violaxanthin 5.1%, zeaxanthin 1.9%, lutein 1.4%, antheraxanthin 1.3%, and neoxanthin 0.7%).-3. During the 4 h 12CO2-exposure period, which followed the 2 h 14CO2-incorporation time, the specific and total radioactivity of the α-and β-carotene pools decrease with a concomitant increase in the α-ionone-(lutein) and β-ionone xanthophylls (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin). The possibility, that the decrease of 14C label in the carotenes may in part be due to a photo-oxidative degradation, is discussed.-4. Calculation of biological half-life-times from the 14C-incorporation kinetics during the first hour of the experiment, when the pigment concentration is almost unchanged, results in times from 30 to 60 min. Half lives are shorter in the precursor pools such as chlorophyll a (30 min), α-carotene (40 min) and β-carotene (50 min) and violaxanthin (60 min) respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389377
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Chlorella protoplasts (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 257-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell wall staining ; Cell wall regeneration ; Chlorella ; Protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protoplasts of Chlorella saccharophila (Krüger) Nadson were obtained by cellulase digestion of the microfibrillar inner compount of the cell wall after the resistant outermost layer had been scratched with sea sand. The absence of the cell wall was demonstrated immunologically, electron microscopically and by staining, thus confirming the protoplastic nature of the treated cells. After transfer to an enzyme-free medium regeneration of a thin cell wall was observed. The regeneration of the cell wall obviously followed the same steps as does the cell wall development of the autospores. At least 50% of the protoplasts were able to form colonies when plated on a suitable agar medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00388638
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological and biochemical contributions to the taxonomy of the genus Chlorella (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Biochemical taxonomy ; Chlorella ; Starch hydrolysis ; Amylase ; Extracellular enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Starch hydrolysis, i.e., the production of extracellular amylolytic enzymes, was found to be a specific character for most species of the genus Chlorella. C. fusca var. vacuolata, C. spec. 211-30, and C. spec. 211-11r hydrolyse starch, whereas C. vulgaris, C. fusca var. rubescens, C. zofingiensis, C. fusca var. fusca, C. minutissima, C. homosphaera, C. kessleri, C. luteoviridis, and C. protothecoides are unable to hydrolyse starch. Only C. sorokiniana and C. saccharophila appear heterogenous; within C. sorokiniana, 7 strains hydrolyse starch and 9 do not; and within C. saccharophila, 6 strains exhibit amylolytic activity and 2 do not. — A key for the identification, according to 9 easily determined physiological and biochemical characters, of the Chlorella species is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407921
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cryopreservation ofChlorella (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chlorella ; Cryopreservation ; Fatty acids analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Following growth under sub-optimal concentrations of nutrients, cells ofChlorella emersonii accumulated lipid and became more resistant to the damage caused by freezing and thawing. These results suggest that the factor responsible for the cold hardening of someChlorella spp is not the effect of low temperatures per se but simply that of the reduced metabolic rate. Evidence is given that the post-thaw injury observed following rapid rates of cooling is associated with the vacuole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964266
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological and biochemical contributions to the taxonomy of the genus Chlorella (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 116 (1978), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Biochemical taxonomy ; Chlorella ; DNA hybridization ; DNA homology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. DNA homology was studied in 12 Chlorella species. The DNA of 88 strains was hybridized with 3H-labelled DNA from C. fusca var. vacuolata 211-8b and from C. vulgaris 211-8m. The results indicate that the genus Chlorella is a heterogenous taxon which consists of several groups of species. 2. The “C. fusca group” comprises C. fusca var. vacuolata, C. fusca var. rubescens, and C. zofingiensis. Within this group, C. zofingiensis appears to be more closely related to C. fusca var. vacuolata than is C. fusca var. rubescens. C. fusca var. fusca does not belong to this group of taxa. 3. The “C. vulgaris group” consists of C. vulgaris, C. sorokiniana, and C. saccharophila. There are several strains which seem to assume a position intermediate between C. vulgaris and C. saccharophila. C. protothecoides is not related to this group of species. 4. Several groups of strains of C. sorokiniana with different base compositions (guanine + cytosine content) of their DNA appear to belong to the same taxon. 5. In addition to C. fusca var. fusca and C. protothecoides, also C. luteoviridis, C. minutissima, C. kessleri, and C. homosphaera seem to have so little relationship with the other species that their assignment to the genus Chlorella appears questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408739
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological and biochemical contributions to the taxonomy of the genus Prototheca (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 116 (1978), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Biochemical taxonomy ; Prototheca ; Chlorella ; Starch hydrolysis ; DNA ; Base composition ; GC content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 16 strains of the genus Prototheca do not produce extracellular amylolytic enzymes. The base composition of their DNA shows rather continuous values from 62% to 78% GC (guanine + cytosine). Their assignment to four species and their possible relationship with Chlorella protothecoides are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408740
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in pigment content, lipid pattern and ultrastructure of synchronous Chlorella after heat and cold shocks (1978)
    Springer
    Planta 139 (1978), S. 29-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Carotenoids ; Chlorella ; Chlorophyll ; Chloroplasts ; Lipids ; Temperature shocks ; Thylakoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Completely synchronous Chlorella cultures were treated with heat (45°C) or cold shocks (4° C) of different lengths at the sixth hour of the 14:10 h lightdark-cycle. After the treatment the cells were grown under normal conditions. Analysis at the end of the cycle showed a direct connection between pigment bleaching, reduction of lipid content, loss of thylakoid stacking and a shift of the fluorescence emission maximuminto a region of shorter wavelength. The thylakoid stacking was completely loosened after a heat shock while two thylakoids remained in contact after cold treatment. This probably explains the different regeneration capacities in temperature shock treated cells. None of the described effects could be observed directly after the shocks. From the parallel decay of chlorophyll a, monogalactosyl diglyceride and carotenoids an intimate correlation with the photosystem II complex is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390806
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über denChlorella-Phycobionten vonTrapelia coarctata (1978)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 130 (1978), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Lichens ; Trapeliaceae ; Trapelia coarctata ; Chlorophyta ; Oocystaceae ; Chlorella ; Cellular organization ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Trapelia coarctata is lichenized withChlorella saccharophila var.ellipsoidea; this is in accordance with one of two former statements. The cells of the isolated alga may be covered individually by a gelatinous envelope; they also can be embedded in confluent mucilage. The course of succedanous divisions leading to the formation of autospores starts with the appearance of a second, new pyrenoid and goes on with bipartioning of the chloroplast, nuclear division and cytokinesis. Starch grains identical to those in the stroma surround the pyrenoid more or less loosely and not in the form of saucer-shaped parts constituting a coherent shell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00982809
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