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  • Articles  (10,615)
  • Springer  (6,377)
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  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (9,359)
  • Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science  (1,256)
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  • Articles  (10,615)
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  • 2010-2014  (3,065)
  • 2005-2009  (4,015)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (3,535)
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tunnelling rays in graded-index fibres (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An analysis of the role of tunnelling rays in pulse propagation in graded-index fibres is presented. Tunnelling ray attenuation is handled by using the generalized parameter technique which allows attenuation coefficients to be dispensed with and relevant families of tunnelling rays to be identified. Results are given for impulse response pulse widths and shapes. Incorporation of tunnelling ray pulse contributions into the formalism for determining optimum refractive-index profiles is presented. For most cases, tunnelling ray effects are small, but significant corrections may be necessary when measurements are made on short lengths of fibre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620245
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient fifth order non-linear process by focused beam in metal vapour (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fifth order non-linear processes produced by a focused beam in metal vapour have been investigated experimentally. Evidence of saturation of fifth harmonic generation by picosecond laser pulses is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620004
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of power coupling between multimode optical fibres (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 107-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper power coupling between two multimode optical fibres is investigated. A formalism (based on a geometrical approach) suitable for analysing any coupling configuration between fibres with any index profile and any radiance distribution is presented. The model is applied to obtain coupling losses both in uniformly excited parabolic- and step-index fibres, in the presence of all kinds of coupling errors. Numerical results of extensive utility are shown and useful asymptotic expressions of coupling efficiency, valid for small values of coupling error parameters, are derived together with some practical rules for error combination. Mention is also made of some experimental results we have obtained, which corroborate some previous assertions. The work can supply a useful tool in the design of joints and connectors between single fibres or optical cables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620002
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous polarization dependence of the photon drag and optical rectification fields inn-type gallium phosphide (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photon drag and optical rectification response fromn-type gallium phosphide containing 2.4×1016 electrons cm−3 has been studied using laser sources at 10.61 and 2.83μm. By using different contact configurations, the existence of an additional electric field term in the propagation direction has been deduced. This field is shown to arise from the spatial derivatives of the photon drag and optical rectification field components caused by absorption of the radiation. The importance of this effect in detector design is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620006
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffraction efficiency of sequentially stored gratings in reflection volume holograms (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of the theory of coupled waves the amplitudes of the first-order diffracted waves and the diffraction efficiency is calculated for sequentially superposed phase gratings stored in dielectric reflection holograms. The investigations are restricted to the case of a fixed reference wave during recording and Bragg-angle incidence. By analogy to the transmission volume grating the coupling effects which appear between incident beams and diffracted waves give the possibility of building up beam-couplers and -splitters with certain coupling parameters determined by the recording process. Moreover, reflection gratings allow a favourable combination between coupling and reflecting properties and avoid the diffraction efficiency oscillations that are characteristic of transmission gratings. The performance of the reconstruction process with several waves simultaneously allows the tuning of the intensities of diffracted waves with dependence on amplitude or phase differences between incident beams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620008
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible mirror for real-time holographic interferometry (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620010
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation and optimization of parameters of radiating distributed feedback structures (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 11-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simple method is suggested for calculation of reflection, radiation and transmission coefficients for the distributed feedback structure in the second diffraction order. The method is based on a slight difference between coefficients of reflectionR and radiationI of the surface wave for λ=λ∞ (where λ∞ is the light wavelength corresponding to a precise resonance for the grating length I→∞) and those for λ=λl (where λl is the light wavelength corresponding to the resonance for the finite grating length). The simplicity of the method makes it possible to use it for optimization of the distributed feedback structure by a number of parameters. The technique can be used in the case of thin-film and diffused waveguides for both TE and TM modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624054
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curvature and microbending losses in single-mode optical fibres (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 43-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Curvature of a single-mode optical fibre gives rise to two principal forms of additional transmission loss, namely transition loss and pure bend loss. The transition loss and the associated ray radiation, which have been observed at the beginning of a bend, can be satisfactorily explained by a modified coupled-mode theory. The radiation modes are represented by a quasi-guided mode having an average propagation constantβ e. The introduction of a gradual change of curvature reduces the transition loss much more than the pure bend loss. Analysis of the microbending loss shows that the transition component is a maximum at a given correlation length which can be simply expressed in terms ofβ e. The contributions of both transition and bend components to the total microbend loss have been derived for the case of a randomly-curved fibre for several autocorrelation and density functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624057
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependent characteristics of a PIN avalanche photodiode (APD) in Ge, Si and GaAs (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical assessment is presented based on a modification of Baraff's theory in order to compare the temperature dependence of several characteristics, including breakdown voltage, excess noise factor, effective ionization rate ratio and efficiency in Ge, Si and GaAs PIN avalanche photodiodes. The temperature coefficient of avalanche breakdown voltage in a high field region is studied. Finally the response time of a PIN APD in these materials is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624389
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the role of SRS in the transmission of intense laser light through silica-fibre light-guides (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The transmission of high power laser radiation through optical fibres is limited by the onset of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The possibility of improved transmission through the use of selective doping is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624392
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of binary images in noise (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Detection of binary images in noise is considered in the light of statistical detection theory, with particular reference to information storage systems. The different disturbances are classified into system noise and transparency noise. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) have been obtained when the scanned binary image is corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise and multiplicative speckle. It is shown that improvement in ROC with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is less pronounced in the presence of speckle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00624391
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of coherence of generating radiations on optical parametric up conversion (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 287-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the coherence properties of pumping and input radiations on parametric up conversion (PUC) is treated in this paper. It is shown here that the PUC depends essentially upon the coherence properties of the pumping radiation whilst it is hardly affected by the coherence properties of the input radiation. It has been found that for chaotic (Gaussian) pumping radiation with an extremely high degree of coherence the total conversion efficiency is one half of that for coherent (Poisson) pumping radiation, whilst for chaotic pumping radiation with a very low degree of coherence the PUC is much more effective. The influence of the coherence properties of pumping radiation upon the PUC is explained by the intermodal correlation effects in the nonlinear interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619362
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple and reliable atmospheric pressure nitrogen laser (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 276-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620114
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of optical waveguides (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This report summarizes the activities at the 3rd International Workshop on Optical Waveguide Theory, held at the Scuola Superiore Guglielmo Reiss Romoli, L'Aquila, Italy, on 9–11 September, 1978.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619361
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrast ratio variation caused by radiation attenuation in pulse width measurement by two-photon absorption fluorescence (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 297-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the technique for measuring pulse width by two-photon absorption fluorescence, theoretical calculations indicate that one can hope to obtain a maximum contrast ratio of three between the point at which the two peaks overlap and the point at which there is no superposition. Nevertheless, this calculation has been carried out assuming that the pulse is not attenuated as it traverses the fluorescent medium. In this paper it will be shown that this attenuation gives rise to a decrease in the contrast ratio. As the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the absorption, an increase in the former will be to the detriment of the contrast ratio. We will attempt to give a criterion for the selection of experimental conditions which lead to maximum intensity without an appreciable decrease in the contrast ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619363
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermal properties of a single-heterostructure laser diode supplied with short current pulses (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The analysis of the heat spreading in the single-heterostructure GaAs-Ga1-x Al x As laser diode supplied with short current pulses (in the case, however, when the adiabatic approximation is no longer valid) at room temperature is presented in this paper. Relations are derived, describing the time-dependent temperature rise within the volume of the laser diode. The calculations are carried out for a typical SH laser diode. It turns out that in the duration of the short current pulses (t I=200 ns,j=1.5 × 104A cm−2) the increase in junction temperature of the typical SH laser diode amounts to about 6.1 K. This increase leads to an increase of about 9% in the threshold current, to a decrease of about 18% in the laser radiation intensity, and to a shift of the spontaneous radiation band and of the stimulated radiation modes of about 1.9 nm and 0.22 nm, respectively, during each current pulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619365
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A widely-tunable narrow-linewidth Nd-glass laser (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 370-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619371
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A compact longitudinally excited atmospheric (LEA) nitrogen laser for generation of sub-nanosecond u.v. pulses (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619372
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensity fluctuations in a ring laser taking into consideration a spatial population-inversion grating (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 485-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The correlation functions of the intensity fluctuations are calculated by use of a linearization procedure for the equations of motion which include the coupling of the counter-rotating travelling waves of the ring laser in the cases of Doppler broadening, of homogeneous broadening with a self-induced population-inversion grating, and in intermediate cases. Depending on the strength of the mode competition various stable stationary solutions exist for the amplitudes. The transition between these stable states shows phenomena closely resembling phase transitions such as critical fluctuations, critical slowing down, etc. In particular, when the system passes from the state where both modes are above threshold to the state where one mode is below threshold, the negative cross-correlation of the fluctuations also becomes critical. In the case of the transient behaviour of the ring laser in the unstable region the time development of the amplitudes and the correlation functions are described in a short-time approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620374
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison between measured and predicted transmission characteristics of 12 km spliced graded-index fibres (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 517-523 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cumulative attenuation and dispersion were measured along a 11.7 km fibre link consisting of 10 spliced fibres and compared to measurements on the individual fibres. Four different procedures were used for the loss measurements, and the effect of transient losses has been investigated. Good agreement was obtained between predicted and measured losses in the link provided transient losses due to high-order modes were eliminated in the individual measurements. Pulse dispersion measurements were made without the use of any mode scrambler. The cumulative dispersion measurements clearly showed a significant correlation between non-adjoining fibres, and the observed pulse width exhibited more of a linear than a square root dependence on length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620377
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Timing error tolerant waveforms in optical fibre systems (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 541-550 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of pulse shaping and sensitivity to timing errors in optical fibre data communication is considered. The performance of the overall transmission system is the average probability of error, which is computed for intersymbol interference, thermal noise, and shot noise in avalanche photodiodes. An analysis of the immunity to small sampling errors of various Nyquist pulses indicates useful design criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620379
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-dimensional theory of higher order modes in volume phase holograms (1979)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 558-560 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620382
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design considerations for an active feedback optical system (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 9-15 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optical processor proposed here consists basically of a coherent light source and two liquid crystal light valves, of which the first converts incoherent input patterns into coherent ones; the second operates entirely on coherent signals. It is shown that, if the valve operating point is correctly chosen and its transfer characteristic linearized, negative feedback is implemented around the second valve. The valves perform as active system components, because they modulate the source power by their driving signals. The linear dynamic range, modulation transfer function, and time transient behaviour of the system are briefly studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620239
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation in radially-inhomogeneous single-mode fibre (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 31-40 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The propagation of electromagnetic waves along a radially-inhomogeneous single-mode optical fibre with small index difference between core and cladding is studied. As in the case of the step-index fibre the propagation modes are weakly guided and their transverse fields are essentially polarized in one direction. The simple field descriptions and characteristic equation obtained here enable mode spot size and bending loss to be determined and are useful for practical design work of radially-inhomogeneous single-mode optical fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620241
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cladded parabolic-index profile waveguide: analysis and application to stripe-geometry lasers (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 17-29 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A two-dimensional real waveguide having a parabolic distribution of dielectric permittivity in the core region, flanked by cladding layers of constant refractive index is proposed as a model for a class of stripe-geometry injection lasers. The model is analysed by a series-solution method and results are given in terms of plots of normalized propagation constant, near-field filling factor, and far-field half-angle, all versus normalized frequency. These results are compared with those for the alternative models of (a) a homogeneous core waveguide, and (b) a medium whose dielectric permittivity varies quadratically with position throughout the whole of space. Apart from the series-solution method which was employed, a survey is included of other techniques available for analysing this waveguide model. These include perturbation theory, variational analysis, an exact solution of the scalar wave equation, and the WKB approximation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620240
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ray theory of the impulse response of randomly bent multimode fibres (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 53-60 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A ray theory based on the time-independent Fokker-Planck equation and the integration of time along ray trajectories provides analytical expressions for the average arrival time and spread of optical pulses propagating in randomly distorted, multimode, optical fibres. A clear physical picture emerges from the theory. The analytical expressions obtained for 〈t〉 and 〈t 2〉 coincide with the ones obtained by Olshansky from coupled-mode theory. The 〈t 3〉 and 〈t 4〉 moments of the impulse response are also calculated. Simple closed-form formulae are given for the step-index slab. The coupling between all modes is effectively taken into account in our ray theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620243
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The collection of diffuse light onto an extended absorber (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 61-82 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract If light comes from a fixed direction and is to be collected onto an absorbing body which is approximately a point or a straight line, it is well known that a mirror of parabolic profile serves the purpose efficiently. If the light is diffuse, or its direction of incidence variable, or if the absorber is not approximately a point or a straight line, the parabola is less useful. This paper describes various particular collecting problems of this more general sort, together with efficient solutions for them, mainly by means of mirrors. The subject represents a corner of geometric optics little explored until recently, in which the notion of image formation scarcely appears. A unifying principle is the invariance of the ‘Lagrange-Helmholtz’ invariant, which is related to Liouville's theorem of Hamiltonian mechanics, and there is a unifying method of construction of the mirror profiles by means of string.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620244
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
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    Comparative analysis of a laser frequency stabilization method using a mobile and a fixed Lorentzian (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 119-129 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Frequency stabilization using ‘mobile’ resonances is compared with that employing frequency modulation. Analogy with radio-frequency experiments leads to an optimization of the error signal. Offsets occuring in each case are discussed and additional offsets due to asymmetry are evaluated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620003
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
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    The influence of bulk losses and bulk dispersion on the propagation properties of surface waves in a radially inhomogeneous optical waveguide (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 95-106 
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    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of bulk losses and bulk dispersion on the propagation properties of surface waves in a radially inhomogeneous optical fibre is investigated numerically. The fibre is assumed to consist of a homogeneous cladding of either infinite or finite extent and a radially inhomogeneous core of higher permittivity. Bulk losses and dispersion in the core and cladding materials are presented by frequency-dependent complex permittivities. Power series expansions for the electromagnetic field quantities in the core have been used and the attenuation and the phase coefficients for the lower order modes have been calculated numerically. Results are presented for two different permittivity profiles, viz. the parabolic profile and the cubic spline profile, the cladding being of infinite extent in this case. Also, the influence of a finite cladding diameter on the numerical results is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00620001
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    Theory of intracavity absorption spectroscopy (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 139-151 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple model for the description of intracavity measurements of narrow absorption lines, developed in a previous paper [5], is generalized to include the effect of an inhomogeneous, in addition to the homogeneous, contribution to the laser line. Moreover, the standing wave effect which was previously treated only near threshold, is now properly studied well above threshold. It is shown that mode competition increases strongly, in the case of a large number of standing waves falling within the homogeneous laser line width, when one passes from the near threshold region to a high excitation level. The enhancement factor, however, is nearly independent of the intensity. Consideration is also given to the case of running waves.
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    Silica-based binary glass systems: wavelength dispersive properties and composition in optical fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 163-170 
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    Notes: Abstract A composition-dependent single Sellmeier oscillator model, developed for predicting the refractive index against composition behaviour for the three binary glass systems, SiO2-B2O3, SiO2-P2O5 and SiO2-GeO2, is extended to a double Sellmeier oscillator model. The inclusion of both composition-dependent u.v. and i.r. terms in the Sellmeier equation has enabled the wavelength dispersive properties of optical glass fibres; refractive index, material dispersion and profile dispersion, to be computed for any composition, in any one of these three binary glasses. Theoretical calculations, for particular compositions, of material and profile dispersions are compared with experimental measurements on fibres of the same compositions, fabricated by chemical vapour deposition.
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    The effect of phase angle on the resolution of two coherently illuminated points (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 179-180 
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    Geometrical optics of multimode light-guides with variable diameters (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 184-185 
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    Resonant reflectors: a survey of two-element designs (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 186-187 
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    The influence of phase fluctuations and phase modulation on two-photon fluorescence (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 195-203 
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    Notes: Abstract In the present paper the two-photon fluorescence (TPF) quenching produced by ruby lasers in dye is calculated on the basis of an electronic energy level system adapted for the special conditions of Rhodamine 6G. The model used here takes into consideration the action of competing one-photon processes. It will be shown that the reversed profile of TPF quenching in the overlap region is produced by the superposition of pulses with a time-dependent fluctuating phase as well as with a determinate quadratically time-dependent phase.
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    A simplified approach to digital optical receiver design (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 211-221 
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    Notes: Abstract A simplified theory for the performance of a digital optical receiver is developed. The receiver sensitivity is calculated in terms of circuit parameters, received and equalized pulse shapes, photodiode parameters and bit-rate. An excellent agreement between this theory and a more complicated analysis by Personick [4] is demonstrated. It is shown that the receiver sensitivity may be improved by launching reduced-width pulses into the fibre, particularly if fibre bandwidth is a significant limitation. Reduced-width pulses bring benefits in source power consumption and lifetime, and in timing recovery.
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    Theoretical analysis of spectral modulation behaviour of semiconductor injection lasers (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 233-242 
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    Notes: Abstract The influence of the spectral width on the modulation behaviour of semiconductor injection lasers has been investigated theoretically on the basis of multimode rate equations. Analytical expressions are derived yielding an effective rate of spontaneous emission for a suitable description of dynamic characteristics of injection lasers. This effective emission rate may drastically exceed the total rate of spontaneous emission into the lasing modes. In the case of large signal modulation it has been shown that a large modulation depth as required for PCM-transmission also yields a considerable spectral broadening.
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    Single-beam atmospheric transverse velocity measurement (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 270-272 
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    Active and passive mode-locking of long Nd-YAG-laser resonators (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 273-276 
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    Digital optical receiver design for non-zero extinction ratio using a simplified approach (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 279-282 
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    Mode selection in a spectrally homogeneously broadened CW laser due to spatially inhomogeneously saturable absorption (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 283-291 
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    Notes: Abstract A novel method is proposed for selecting a single longitudinal mode in lasers with homogeneously broadened gain medium. Mode selection is achieved by the interaction of the standing cavity wave between the gain medium and a spatially saturated absorber. The theory is treated in detail for various geometric configurations including examples of important laser systems under continuous-wave operation, such as dye lasers.
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    Coupling length due to random bending in multimode optical fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 323-330 
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    Notes: Abstract Mode coupling coefficients and coupling lengths are determined for multimode fibres with general index distributions in the case where random bending is the main cause of mode coupling. It is shown that the product of the coupling length and the coupling-induced loss is determined only by the shape of the index distribution, and that the coupling length of the focusing fibre is about four times longer than that of the step-index fibre when the coupling-induced losses of both fibres are equal.
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    A universal tunnelling coefficient for step- and graded-index multimode fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 341-351 
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    Notes: Abstract A single expression is presented for the power transmission coefficient of both step- and graded-index fibres, which is uniformly valid for all weakly tunnelling and refracting rays. Its accuracy is demonstrated in a comparison of the corresponding power attenuation coefficient for the step-index fibre with solutions to the electromagnetic boundary value problem.
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    Incoherent feedback optical system (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 361-363 
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    Pico-femtosecond electron-optical photography (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 367-381 
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    Notes: Abstract The progress of ultra high-speed photography using electron-optical devices is surveyed with special reference to recent work in the USSR. In some applications time resolutions of better than 1 ps are obtainable. The ultimate limits of streak camera techniques are discussed. Finally, systems for X-ray chronography are described.
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    Analysis of an inhomogeneous symmetric cladded slab optical waveguide (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 353-360 
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    Notes: Abstract A detailed analysis of a symmetric cladded slab waveguide having a parabolic refractive-index profile in the core is carried out. Two techniques, one based on the step-index approximation and the other on the WKB approximation, are used to obtain the dispersion curves and the field plots for both the even and odd TE and TM-modes. An example of the practical relevance of the structure studied is given.
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    Effects of pulse modulation on multistep laser excitation (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 331-340 
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    Notes: Abstract Through numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation we illustrate the influence of laser modulation upon the excitation of anN-level system irradiated by simultaneous laser pulses. We show that amplitude modulation, applied to a Gaussian statistical distribution of detunings, creates a sideband structure to the excitation-reaction profile which can enhance the excitation over that for monochromatic excitation.
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    The statistics of fluctuating speckle patterns produced by a mixture of moving and stationary scatterers (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 364-366 
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    Exploitation of an optical coding method in scene analysis (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 441-444 
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    Perturbation theory of optical fibres with power-law core profile (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 475-482 
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    Notes: Abstract The characteristics of graded-index optical fibres with power-law core profile and homogeneous cladding have been studied using perturbation theory. Analytical expressions are derived for the cut-off frequency, propagation constant and, in the case of leaky modes, the attenuation coefficient of an arbitrary mode on such a fibre. For the case of monomode fibres, excellent agreement is found with existing theoretical results for the propagation constant of the HE11 mode and cut-off frequency of the TE01 mode.
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    Detailed field model for DH stripe lasers (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 459-474 
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    Notes: Abstract The field problem for DH stripe lasers is solved, using a two-dimensional model; the field variation perpendicular to the junction plane is found from a slab model, whereas the transverse variation is calculated using a method applicable to any complex permittivity profile. The origin of transverse variations in the permittivity is described by including current spreading, temperature variations and the carrier profile. The permittivity is used directly and not fitted by a parabola or a step. The fact that a large fraction of the intensity may be propagating in then-andp-layers, is taken into account by introduction of an effective permittivity. The model is applied to a practical example, and the threshold current is found as a function of active-layer thickness and stripe width. It is described how the model can be used both below and above the threshold.
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    Spatial modulation of Gaussian laser beams (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 483-493 
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    Notes: Abstract A technique is described for obtaining deep spatial modulation of laser beams. A phase modulator at one plane in the beam path can yield amplitude modulation at a later plane with little loss in power. Explicit formulae are derived for the field distributions of the modulated beams, and applications are considered.
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    Dependence of nonlinear optical processes on intermodal correlations (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 103-108 
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    Notes: Abstract The dependence of quadratic nonlinear optical processes on intermodal correlations is treated in this paper. It is shown here that the bunching or antibunching between individual modes can considerably affect the rate of the nonlinear process. This is demonstrated by two examples, namely second harmonic generation and parametric generation from quantum noise.
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    A PAM-PPM signalling format in optical fibre digital communications (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 71-86 
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    Notes: Abstract A combined pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulse position modulation (PPM) technique is proposed and investigated as a feasible solution of the problem of line encoding in optical fibre communication systems. The basic idea is that of exploiting PAM and PPM jointly, to give rise to three different waveforms in one signalling period, without resorting to more than two signal levels. Some evaluations of the behaviour of this signalling format are reported in terms of coding efficiency, spectral density, timing information, and error probability. Alternative receiving schemes are also devised to improve system performance.
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    A diode laser system for long-path, automatic monitoring of SO2 (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 97-101 
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    Notes: Abstract A diode laser system for automatic monitoring of SO2 along a 60 m atmospheric path is reported. The laser is wavelength modulated and is used to obtain i.r. absorption spectra from the measurement path. These spectra are automatically correlated with reference spectra obtained simultaneously from a calibration cell. The minimum detectable SO2 concentration is at present around 100 ppb.
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    Theory of the statistical properties of ultra-short pulses generated by a passively mode-locked solid-state laser (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 119-132 
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    Notes: Abstract The evolution of ultra-short pulses from noise in a passively mode-locked solid-state laser is treated. The statistical properties of the laser field, such as correlation functions, the mean pulse shape and its fluctuations, are investigated. The maximum intensity and the width of the pulse train are estimated taking account of the amplification saturation. As an example of the application of the results to non-linear optics, TPF traces are calculated.
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    Perturbation theory of low-V optical fibres with dip in the refractive index (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 147-151 
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    Notes: Abstract A simple perturbation theory has been used to study the characteristics of low-V, step-index optical fibres with a dip in the centre of the refractive index profile. Analytical expressions have been derived for the cut-off frequency and propagation constant of an arbitrary mode on such a fibre. In particular, it has been shown that even when the dip is quite large, the perturbation theory results for the propagation constant of the fundamental mode and cut-off frequency of the second mode are virtually indistinguishable from exact numerical results calculated by series expansion techniques.
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    Loss calculations in bent multimode optical waveguides (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 173-183 
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    Notes: Abstract We present a straightforward geometric optics method to calculate the power attenuation induced by a circular bend in the axis of a multimode optical waveguide. The method involves tracing of rays and use of generalized power transmission coefficients. Both slab and fibre waveguides (with either step-index or parabolic core profiles) have been considered; the source has been assumed to be Lambertian.
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    Ray theory of graded non-circular optical fibres (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 197-203 
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    Notes: Abstract Both bound and tunnelling rays exist in multimode graded fibres which do not have circular symmetry; however, the fraction of energy in the tunnelling rays is generally less than that in a similar circular fibre, especially for near-parabolic profiles. For a large class of non-symmetric profiles, no tunnelling rays can propagate.
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    Geometric optics analysis of non-circular, graded-index fibres (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 237-251 
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    Notes: Abstract The cross-sections of practical optical fibres do not have perfect circular symmetry. The appropriate mathematical representation of the refractive index profile is discussed and it is shown that the basic power law profile in circular fibres should be replaced by a grading functionF which is a homogeneous function of thex andy coordinates. Multimode optical fibres of this type are analysed using geometric optics. General properties of ray paths are described. The fundamental quantities of interest in fibre optics (power acceptance, ray transit time, impulse response) are shown to depend on the degree of homogeneity ofF but not on its specific form. Thus, fibres need not have circular symmetry in order to retain the desirable properties of the circular power law fibres. Ray paths and classifications are analysed in detail for elliptical, parabolic-index fibres. Splicing losses are examined and are shown to be not drastically dependent on deviations from circular symmetry.
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    The measurement of SO2 in power station plumes with differential lidar (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 253-264 
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    Notes: Abstract The use of differential lidar for measuring SO2 in plumes from fossil fuelled power stations is examined. The potential of the technique is investigated for the measurement of SO2 close to power station stacks and in situations where the long range transport of emissions is important. Detection limits are discussed as a function of range and spatial resolution and it is shown theoretically that concentrations as low as 10 ppb at a range of 2 km should be measurable. Details of a prototype, computer controlled, differential lidar based on a tunable dye laser are given and its mode of operation described. Results from field experiments carried out at Drax power station in Yorkshire (UK) and Fawley Power Station in Hampshire (UK) are presented. For plumes of small diameter a deconvolution technique has been applied to obtain better spatial resolution of the plume structure.
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    Scanning technique for investigating optical fibre dispersion (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 305-317 
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    Notes: Abstract Differential mode delay measurements have been performed, both for step-index and for graded-index fibres, using a sinusoidally modulated optical source. From a differential mode delay measurement, it is possible to get all the information on the fibre baseband response with or without the effect of skew rays, and in particular of leaky rays. A theoretical model of mode coupling is developed and is used for computing the baseband response for fibres where mode coupling is not negligible.
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    Statistics of speckle focused through a hard-edged pupil (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 345-352 
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    Notes: Abstract We examine the statistical properties of speckle patterns in and near the far-field, produced by an ordinary optical system having a hard-edged pupil. By applying Fresnel diffraction theory, expressions for the contrast in terms of the statistical parameters of rough surfaces and the geometry of the optical system are derived and discussed. It is shown that the contrast of speckle has maxima and minima in the focal plane and also along the axis of the optical system.
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    Internal pulse-code modulation of a 0.6328 μm He-Ne laser at 150 Mbit s−1 (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 353-358 
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pulse-code modulation of a 0.6328μm He-Ne laser by simultaneous mode-locking and coupling modulation is achieved at a bit-rate of 150 Mbits−1 using a single modulation element. Both modelocking techniques, loss modulation and phase modulation are used and compared. The phase of the output signal is stabilized by means of a phase-locked loop. The influence of the coupling modulation on the resonator energy causes a time-dependent decrease of the output signal amplitude. This effect can be compensated by controlling the coupling voltage. A calculation of the maximum available bitrate for a 2 mm bore He-Ne laser tube is given.
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    Guided modes in fibres with parabolic-index core and homogeneous cladding (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 329-344 
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    Notes: Abstract Mode propagation characteristics of parabolic-index fibres with a homogeneous cladding are studied by using vector wave analysis. By investigating the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalue equations and the field components at cut-off and far from cut-off, a comprehensive and consistent scheme for the designation of the various modes is established. Strong similarities with step index fibres are found for both the mode designation schemes and the degeneracy properties among the hybrid modes as well as the TE0m and TM0m modes. This suggests that the technique employed in this paper can be applied to other types of graded-index fibres. In addition, numerical results obtained by solving the eigenvalue equations for a wide range of parameters are presented, which verify the theoretical predictions. Comparisons with the infinite-core approximation (ICA) and the field decomposition technique (FDT) are given. It is shown that neither the ICA nor FDT are applicable for modes near cut-off.
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    Determination of the probability density function of height on a rough surface from far-field coherent light scattering (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 413-418 
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    Notes: Abstract We show that if the first order probability density function of height on a rough surface is assumed to be symmetrical, it can be calculated from measurements of scattered coherent light made in and near the centre of the far-field. We derive the theory of the method and present some experimental results obtained for ground glass surfaces.
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    Theory of laser-induced amplitude and phase gratings including photoselection, orientational relaxation and population kinetics (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 419-439 
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    Notes: Abstract The generation of amplitude and phase gratings in an absorbing medium is discussed, including the effects of light polarization, population kinetics and orientational relaxation. A theory is given which describes light diffraction by a combination of an amplitude and a phase grating. It is shown that the coherent coupling effect in transient absorption measurements is solely due to the amplitude grating. Weak absorption and a low triplet yield favour diffraction of the probing beam by the phase grating in triple-beam experiments. Phase grating experiments can be performed with highly soluble absorber dyes, the absorption maximum of which is far away from the laser wavelength. Due to photoselection, diffraction by an amplitude grating depends on the polarization of the probing beam while phase grating diffraction is insensitive to this. Perpendicular polarization of the two exciting pulses prevents the buildup of a phase grating and results in light diffracted by the amplitude grating that is proportional to the transient dichroism signal as known from the common absorption relaxation.
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    Multiline operation of TEA CO2 laser with hot CO2, as an intracavity absorbing medium (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 461-463 
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    Determination of the standard deviation of height on a rough surface using interference microscopy (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 407-412 
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    Notes: Abstract When a rough surface is viewed in an interference microscope with tilt fringes introduced, the effect of the roughness is to reduce the average visibility of the tilt fringes. The relationship between the standard deviation of surface height and the average visibility of the tilt fringes is derived, and experimental results are presented of measurements made on ground glass surfaces using a Linnik interference microscope.
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    The reference range for atmospheric backscatter lidar (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 441-446 
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    Notes: Abstract The concept of the reference range, a parameter used to characterize the ranging capability of radar systems, is applied to atmospheric backscatter lidar employing direct detection and optical heterodyne receivers. Use of the reference range is suggested for system evaluation in this area.
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    Investigation of jet quality for high power CW dye lasers (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 458-460 
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    Analysis of splice loss in single-mode fibres using a Gaussian field approximation (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 447-457 
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    Notes: Abstract By using a Gaussian field approximation to the fundamental mode in a single-mode fibre, a very simple formula is derived for the splice loss in the two fibres when transverse, longitudinal and angular misalignments exist simultaneously. It is shown that the effects of the three misalignments on the splice loss are more significant for step-index fibres than for parabolic-index fibres, and also that matching oil in the gap between the fibres is effective for the end separation, but produces a reverse effect for the tilt. Calculated coupling efficiency between step-index fibres is compared with the experimental data reported so far, and good agreement between them is observed.
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    Power series solutions of the scalar wave equation for cladded, power-law profiles of arbitrary exponent (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 464-466 
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    Investigation of the SRS in light guides by detection of the Stokes component propagating in the direction opposite to that of pumping (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 555-557 
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    Minimum total dispersion in multimode graded-index fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 1-8 
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    Notes: Abstract This paper points out that, in impulse response calculations by the method of Gloge and Marcatili, the condition that the equal propagation constant lines and the equal group delay lines coincide is not satisfied except for a power law index profile. The group delay time is derived in this paper, by a perturbation method. The optimum index profile is determined from the measured refractive indices data of several doped silica glasses. It is found that (1) the optimum value of the fourth order coefficient is not so different from the value which minimizes the modal dispersion, except in the short wavelength region, (2) the wavelength which minimizes the total dispersion is near 1.30μm and (3) a B2O3 doped fibre has a small profile dispersion and a small total r.m.s. width.
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    Multipath time dispersion theory of an optical network (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 41-51 
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    Notes: Abstract A model for the analysis of the bandwidth along an optical transmission line is suggested and tested on the Post Office experimental link. It is found that optical equalization is a real effect that has been observed in practice and that the degree of equalization is affected by only two major factors. These are the degree of mode coupling in the route and the functional relationship between mode delay and mode number. Finally a procedure for the optimization of the bandwidth of a link is suggested and tested.
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    On the properties of a ‘finite beam’, reflection-type volume hologram (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 503-507 
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    Notes: Abstract The properties of a volume-phase hologram of the reflection type are studied in the case when the reference and object waves are beams of finite width. Numerical results are obtained by considering a sufficiently large number of terms in a previously derived infinite series solution. The results reproduce Kogelnik's one-dimensional theory [1] when the thickness of the hologram is small in comparison with the widths of the beams but otherwise the finiteness of the recording beams leads to significant variations in the amplitude of the reconstructed beam.
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    Laser — induced modulation of the refractive index of a plasma (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 515-520 
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    Notes: Abstract High intensity laser irradiation of a plasma can accelerate the electrons to relativistic velocities. For circularly polarized light the refractive index,n, of the collisionless plasma is then a time-independent function of laser and plasma frequency as well as laser peak intensity; but for linearly polarized light,n (i.e., the wave or phase velocity of the wave in units of the speed of light in vacuum) also becomes a periodic function of time. The deeper the wave penetrates the plasma the higher becomes the multiplicity of values ofn. This means that the laser radiation transforms inside the plasma into several nonlinear waves with periodically changing phase velocities.
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    Pulse broadening in near-optimum graded-index fibres (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 521-526 
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    Notes: Abstract Impulse responses of a wide class of multimode optical fibres with near-optimum index profiles are investigated. The index profile is described by three parameters: the power law exponentα, the magnitude and the width of a dip at the centre of the core. It is found that for overcompensated profiles (α〈α opt) a moderate dip decreases the r.m.s. dispersion. Leaky modes are found to improve the dispersion characteristics for fibres with a dip in the index profile. Impulse response measurements are interpretated to give information about the index profile.
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    Corrigendum (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. ii 
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    The electro-optic kerr effect in noncentrosymmetric KH2PO4 and KD2PO4 monocrystals (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 23-27 
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    Notes: Abstract Experimental and theoretical results of the determination of the quadratic electro-optic coefficients in noncentrosymmetric KH2PO4(KDP) and KD2PO4(DKDP) monocrystals are presented. The coefficientR c=R 1122-R 1111 for the X-cut crystals has been measured by a dynamic method in the a.c. electric field. The theoretical value of the coefficient has been calculated by the Kurtz-Robinson model. It has been found that the coefficientR c was less than 10×10−20m2V−2.
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    Spatial filtering properties of volume holograms (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 29-42 
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    Notes: Abstract The description of hologram reconstruction in the scalar Born approximation reveals that a volume hologram reconstructed outside Bragg incidence acts as a bandpass filter for the recorded spatial frequencies of the object field. The bandwidth of such a filtering arrangement as well as the band shape drawn in the spatial frequency plane are not fixed, but can be controlled by the reconstruction parameters. Using the angular spectrum representation of the fields involved, the influence of the recording and reconstruction parameters on the filtering effect is discussed. For some parameter combinations the amplitude profile of the transfer function is plotted versus spatial frequency and the corresponding spatial frequency bands are calculated.
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    Diffraction-limited atomic iodine photodissociation laser (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 61-70 
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    Notes: Abstract A high-reliability diffraction-limited atomic iodine photodissociation laser is described. It is shown that a diffraction-limited output beam is obtained when the laser pulse is extracted before the onset of gain-medium inhomogeneities caused by non-uniform deposition of the pump radiation. No degradation of the beam focusability is observed for intensities at which the final amplifier is heavily saturated.
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    Volume holograms as frequency-selective elements (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 87-96 
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we investigate the possibility of using thick holograms as diffraction gratings. We compare the well-known parameters of the plane diffraction grating such as dispersion, efficiency, resolution, and others, with those for volume holograms. The calculations for the case of volume holograms are based on the theory of coupled waves. Experiments were performed with volume-phase holograms in transmission, stored in dichromated gelatine layers. The investigations show that the volume hologram fulfills two functions simultaneously. It acts as a spectral predecomposer and also as a high-resolving spectral apparatus.
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    Scattering characteristics of a beam mode in dielectric-slab optical waveguide (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 205-215 
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    Notes: Abstract Scattering of the light beam propagating through a dielectric-slab optical waveguide occurs due to refractive index inhomogeneities of the thin film region and due to boundary irregularities of the filmsubstrate and the film-air interfaces. The quantity and direction of the scattered light are evaluated by means of a perturbation method together with the use of a stationary phase method, for a variety of correlation lengths and variances and the thin film thicknesses. The results show that for a slab waveguide of t/λ=10.0,t and λ being the thickness of thin film and the wavelength of light, the effect of refractive index inhomogeneities is pronounced in comparison with that of waveguide wall irregularities. In this case, therefore, the scattering pattern is determined mainly by the correlation length of refractive index inhomogeneities.
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    Stabilization, attenuation and shaping of picosecond laser pulses by two-photon absorption in dyes (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 223-228 
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    Notes: Abstract The attenuation of ultrashort laser pulses by two-photon absorption is theoretically described when a dye is used as the absorbing medium. It is shown that two-photon absorption also yields an intensity stabilization of low repetition rate laser emissions without a significant loss of power. Consequently this technique is proposed for pulse attenuation and stabilization near the damage threshold of second harmonic generator crystals, and its performance is theoretically compared with other attenuation methods.
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    Application of OTDR for thickness monitoring of optical thin films (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 274-275 
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    Variation of pulse delay with stress and temperature in jacketed and unjacketed optical fibres (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 265-273 
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    Notes: Abstract The stability of optical-fibre delay lines is assessed by means of measurements of pulse transit times in unjacketed silica-based fibres. Data obtained for the effect of longitudinal stress and temperature are used to interpret the time delays found in jacketed fibres. It is shown that the application of close-fitting plastic cabling materials results in a residual fibre stress which is both temperature and humidity dependent.
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    Propagation of charged particles in laser beams with parabolic intensity profiles with application to isotope separation (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 278-281 
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    The influence of the cladding on light attenuation of multimode fibres (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 367-369 
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    Temperature-dependent characteristics of a reach-through avalanche photodiode (RAPD) in Ge, Si and GaAs (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 377-384 
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    Notes: Abstract A theoretical assessment is presented based on a modification of Baraff's theory in order to compare the temperature dependence of several characteristics, including breakdown voltage, excess noise factor, effective ionization rate ratio and efficiency in Ge, Si and GaAs reach-through avalanche photodiodes (RAPD). The temperature coefficient of avalanche breakdown voltage in a depletion region is studied. The response time of a reach-through APD in these materials is also discussed. Finally a comparison of the characteristics between PIN APD and RAPD is presented. The theoretical data have also been substantiated experimentally by Kanedaet al.
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    Mode coupling between two connected multimode parabolic-index optical waveguides (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 393-405 
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    Notes: Abstract Both a displacement of axis and a change in the refractive index distribution function cause mode coupling to occur between two multimode parabolic-index optical waveguides. This coupling is investigated by the coherent states method and the method of the dynamical symmetry group. Expressions for the mode coupling coefficients are obtained and their relationship to the Franck-Condon factors is emphasized. Recurrence relations for the mode overlap integrals and sum rules for the mode coupling coefficients are presented. An analogue of the Franck-Condon principle for the mode coupling coefficients is formulated. A simple geometric method for finding the most intensively coupled modes is also proposed.
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    ‘Chirped’ grating coupler: a holographic approach (1979)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 11 (1979), S. 359-366 
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    Notes: Abstract Based on a holographic approach an analysis of the ‘chirped’ grating coupler is performed. Relations for the location of a focal line of a coupled out cylindrical wave for general construction parameters are obtained. Results of the analysis have been verified experimentally.
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    Corrigendum (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. II 
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    Temporal growth of a parametric excitation by a self-focused laser beam (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 189-194 
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    Notes: Abstract The effect of self-focusing of the pump laser beam on the temporal growth of a parametric excitation has been investigated in the paraxial region. The two equations for the signal and idler modes have been decoupled by assuming the near self-trapping condition and a linearly varying phase mismatch. By employing the WKBJ approximation, it is found that the growth rate is a strong function of the radial intensity inhomogeneity of the pump laser beam. The condition for validity of the first-order approximate theory employed here has been derived.
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    Temperature stabilized optical waveguide modulator (1978)
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    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 205-210 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A low drive-voltage optical modulator using a Ti-diffused UNbO3 optical waveguide has been fabricated. Stabilization against ambient temperature change was realized by using a miniature halfwave plate. The halfwave voltage, 3 dB bandwidth, optical insertion loss and extinction ratio were 3·8 V (at 1·06μm wavelength), 850 MHz, 10 dB and 13 dB, respectively. A reduction scheme for the optical absorption caused by metallic electrodes, and an analysis of the modulator high frequency response are also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208852
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of cladding loss in graded-index fibres (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 223-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present quantitative results for the effect of cladding absorption on the transmitted power and impulse response of a typical multimode, graded-index fibre that is excited by a Lambertian source. Power attenuation is due to the absorbing cladding material and the radiation loss of the tunnelling rays. Graded-index fibres are shown to be far less susceptible to the effect of cladding absorption than step-index fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208854
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photovoltaic effects in zinc sulphide thin films under illumination from above and below (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 266-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208858
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A steerable laser radar system for atmospheric studies (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A steerable laser radar suitable for a wide range of atmospheric studies is described. The system incorporates a flashlamp-pumped dye laser and a receiving telescope with a 0.3 m mirror. The steering capability is provided by the use of a 0.61 m by 0.46 m plane mirror for both transmission and reception. Manual and automatic control of the mirror drive is provided, with its angular position being recorded. Digital counting is used in the recording electronics. The performance of the system in measurements over a large range of heights in the atmosphere is illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208856
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission studies on three graded-index fibre cable links installed in operational ducts (1978)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 10 (1978), S. 253-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper reports the transmission measurements made on 40 km of graded-index fibre which have been cabled and installed in operational ducts for use in 8 and 140 Mbits−1 systems. Extensive loss and bandwidth measurements were made at all stages of the programme, both before and after cabling and also in the field using two mobile test vehicles. The problems of obtaining meaningful and reproducible measurements are discussed and the stability of the measurements between the various cabling and installation stages is assessed. The results have been analysed in conjunction with additional laboratory measurements and a number of important propagation effects have been brought to light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01208857
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