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  • Chromatographie, Dünnschicht  (138)
  • Neurosecretion  (85)
  • liver
  • Springer  (273)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • Wiley
  • 2015-2019
  • 2005-2009
  • 1975-1979  (171)
  • 1970-1974  (102)
Collection
Publisher
  • Springer  (273)
  • American Geophysical Union
  • Irkutsk : Ross. Akad. Nauk, Sibirskoe Otd., Inst. Zemnoj Kory
  • Wiley
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1)
Years
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Mus musculus ; alkaline phosphatase ; intestine ; kidney ; liver ; blood plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic variation among inbred strains is described for electrophoretic migration of alkaline phosphatase from intestine, kidney, blood plasma, and three isozymes of liver. A manganese-requiring isozyme of liver and kidney unaffected by neuraminidase is described, and the locus controlling variation in this isozyme is designated Akp-1. Data from recombinant inbred strains place the locus on chromosome 1 at a distance of 3.6±2.9 cM from the Mls locus on the side distal to the centromere. Test-cross data show the following gene order and recombination percentages: $${\text{Dip - 1 }}19.0 \pm 3.8\% {\text{Lp }}7.4 \pm 2.2\% {\text{Akp - 1}}$$
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  • 2
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 287-287 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Carbamatpesticiden in biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 361-365 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Informationsgehalt und »Äquivokation«
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method has been developed for the calculation of information contents of one-channel identification procedures, which is especially applicable in the area of thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The method can be considered as a refinement of the one proposed by Massart and can easily be extended to the combination of one-channel procedures. In addition, the quantity ‘equivocation’, which is complementary to the information content, is introduced. As an example the best TLC-systems and the best combinations of two TLC-systems for the identification of DDT and twelve related compounds are selected by using information contents or equivocations. The results for the individual systems are compared with those obtained by Massart.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Methode zur Berechnung von Informationsgehalten von Einkanal-Identifizierungsverfahren wurde entwickelt, die besonders gut für das Gebiet der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie (DC) anwendbar ist. Sie kann als eine Verfeinerung der von Massart vorgeschlagenen Methode angesehen werden und kann auf einfache Weise für Kombinationen von Einkanal-Verfahren erweitert werden. Dabei wird der Begriff »Äquivokation«, komplementär zum Informationsgehalt, eingeführt. Als Beispiel wurden die besten DC-Systeme und Kombinationen von zwei DC-Systemen für die Identifizierung von DDT und zwölf verwandten Verbindungen unter Benutzung von Informationsgehalten oder »Äquivokationen« ausgewählt. Die Ergebnisse für die einzelnen Systeme werden mit den nach Massart gefundenen verglichen.
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  • 4
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 407-407 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Arylbenzolsulfonylthiocarbamiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 5
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 398-401 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von pharmazeut. Produkten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; halogenfreie Fließmittelsysteme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit 2 sauren, 2 basischen und einem neutralen Fließmittel mit unterschiedlichen Polaritäten und guten Trennleistungen konnten 151 von 157 geprüften Arzneisubstanzen mit hRf-Werten zwischen 10 und 90 chromatographiert werden.
    Notes: Summary Using two acidic, two alkaline and a neutral mobile phase of different polarities and high separation efficiencies 151 of 157 tested drug substances could be chromatographed with hRf-values between 10 and 90.
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  • 6
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 24-29 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Polycyclen in Wasser ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Änderung der Fluorescenzintensität
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach der Verordnung über Trinkwasser und Brauchwasser für Lebensmittelbetriebe (Trinkwasserverordnung) vom 31. Januar 1975 müssen 6 Einzelverbindungen aus der Gruppe der polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe nachgewiesen werden. Das empfohlene Analysenverfahren basiert auf der Messung der Fluorescenz nach vorangegangener chromatographischer Trennung auf Adsorberschichten. Sowohl bei dieser Trennung als auch in der anschließenden Zeit verändert sich die Fluorescenzintensität einzelner Verbindungen z.T. beträchtlich. Systematische Untersuchungen an Kieselgel und an Mischschichten aus Aluminiumoxid und Acetylcellulose sollen die kritischen Punkte und die möglichen Fehlerquoten offen legen.
    Notes: Summary According to the regulation on the use of drinking and industrial water in food industry (Drinking Water Regulation) of 31 January, 1975, six individual compounds of the group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons must be traced. The analytical procedure recommended is based on the measurement of fluorescence after preceding Chromatographic separation on adsorber layers. In the course of this separation and during the time that follows, the fluorescence intensity of various compounds changes, in some cases considerably. Systematic studies with silica gel and mixed layers of aluminium oxide and acetyl cellulose are intended to reveal critical points and possible ranges of error.
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  • 7
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 138-143 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn, der Metallchelate von 8-Mercaptochinolin ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 8-Mercaptochinolin (Thiooxin) eignet sich zum Nachweis und zur Trennung von Metallen mit Hilfe der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie. Es bildet Neutralkomplexe definierter Zusammensetzung, die in wäßriger Phase schwerlöslich sind und in Chloroform extrahiert werden können. Fällung und Extraktion sind vom pH-Wert abhängig, wodurch eine Vortrennung der Metalle möglich ist. Beschrieben wird das dünnschicht-chromatographische Verhalten von 17 Metallchelaten. Die intensive Eigenfärbung der Komplexe erübrigt den Gebrauch von Anfärbereagentien. Die visuelle Nachweisgrenze der Metalle liegt zwischen 5 und 20 ng (Fluorescenzlöschung bei 254 nm). Spektralphotometrische Auswertung der Chromatogramme läßt eine Erniedrigung der Nachweisgrenze um etwa eine Zehnerpotenz erwarten.
    Notes: Summary 8-Mercaptoquinoline (thiooxine) is qualified for the detection and separation of metals by thin-layer chromatography. It forms neutral complexes in definite composition, which are insoluble in aqueous solution, but readily soluble in CHCl3. Precipitation and extraction are dependent on the pH value, whereby pre-separation of metals is possible. The thin-layer chromatographic behaviour of 17 metal chelates is described. No spraying is necessary for detection, since the complexes show different, characteristic colours. The visual detection limits of the metals are between 5 and 20 ng (fluorescence quenching at 254 nm). Spectrophotometric determination of the chromatograms lowers the detection limit by one power of ten.
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  • 8
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 297 (1979), S. 144-147 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. der Metallchelate von 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinthion ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinthion (HPT) bildet mit den Metallen der 8. Nebengruppe des Periodensystems intensiv gefärbte Chelatkomplexe. Führt man die Reaktion in wäßriger Phase bei pH 7 aus, so werden alle Elemente der Gruppe erfaßt und als schwerlösliche Neutralkomplexe gefällt. Diese lassen sich mit Chloroform extrahieren und dünnschichtchromatographisch trennen. Die Nachweisgrenze der Metalle liegt zwischen 3 und 40 ng (Fluorescenzlöschung bei 254 nm). Spektralphotometrische Auswertung der Chromatogramme läßt eine Erniedrigung der Nachweisgrenze um eine Zehnerpotenz erwarten.
    Notes: Summary 1-Hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (HPT) forms highly coloured chelate complexes with the metals of the 8th sub-group. If the reaction is carried out in aqueous solution at pH 7, all elements of the group precipitate as insoluble neutral complexes. They can be extracted with CHCl3 and separated by thin-layer chromatography. The detection limit is between 3 and 40 ng (fluorescence quenching at 254 nm). Spectrophotometric determination of the chromatograms lowers the detection limit by one power of ten.
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  • 9
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 298 (1979), S. 44-44 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Guanylpyrazolnitraten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Synaptic contacts ; Neurosecretion ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Tilting stage electron microscopy ; Serial section reconstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the central nervous system (CNS) of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis 3 types of interneuronal contacts can be distinguished electron-microscopically, viz. true synapses, “synapse-like structures” (SLS), and “spinules”. Use of the electron microscope specimen tilting stage reveals numerous true synapses. Both “terminal” and “en passant” contacts occur on neurones and on glial cells. Furthermore “bigeminal” synapses are present. Complex (combined) convergent and divergent synaptic arrangements are found. On the basis of the morphology of presynaptic vesicles 7 types of true synapses can be discerned. Histochemical data on the contents of the vesicles are lacking. However, vesicle morphology suggests that type IV is aminergic and type VII cholinergic. Terminal and en passant SLS may penetrate deeply into neuronal somata and large axons, and into glial cells. A cluster of synaptic vesicles is present in the presynapse-like element. Spinules (spine-coated “evagination-invagination” specializations of the plasma membranes of 2 adjacent neuronal elements) are observed between somata, between axons, and between soma and axon. The neurosecretory Light Green Cells (LGC) and Caudo-Dorsal Cells (CDC) receive complex synaptic input. Type V true synapses, 2 types of SLS, and spinules contact the LGC. The complex morphology of the relationship between type A SLS and LGC, studied in serial sections, reveals that adjacent glial cells are also contacted by type A SLS. Type II true synapses, 3 types of SLS, and spinules are identified on the CDC. The validity of the methods of identification and classification of interneuronal contacts in the CNS of L. stagnalis, as well as the role of these contacts in the regulation of the activity of “ordinary” neurones, neurosecretory cells, and glial cells is discussed.
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  • 11
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    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 539-556 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Ground squirrel (Citellus erythrogenys Brandt) ; Seasonal changes ; Hibernation ; Quantitative analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Monthly observations of the “Gomori-positive” hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system (HHNS) of the ground squirrel, Citellus erythrogenys Brandt, were carried out light microscopically using several quantitative methods. From the beginning of hibernation, formation of neurosecretory material (NSM) in the neurosecretory cells (NSC) progressively decreases and release of neurohormones from the HHNS is almost fully inhibited. A maximal accumulation of NSM in the perikarya of the NSC and in the posterior pituitary (PP) is found in December. By this time the volume of the cell nuclei and nucleoli is at a minimum. Signs of activation of the HHNS appear and become more conspicuous as the time of arousal from torpor approaches. The amount of NSM in the NSC and the PP decreases simultaneously with the increase in volume of the NSC. Hyperemia and activation of glial elements is visible throughout the HHNS. The morphological signs of activation reach their peak in March. After reproduction is completed (April to beginning of May), the NSC and the PP are almost devoid of NSM. Beginning with June and during the summer and autumn months a progressive accumulation of NSM in the NSC and the PP parallels gradual diminution in the volume of the NSC structures and the glial cells. Mechanisms and effector pathways by which the HHNS influences seasonal adaptation of the organism and reproduction are discussed.
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  • 12
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    Cell & tissue research 199 (1979), S. 509-517 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Olfactory bulb ; Giant cells ; Neurosecretion ; Electron microscopy ; Labyrinth fish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The giant cells in the olfactory bulb of labyrinth fish, most likely belonging to the nervus terminalis, show ultrastructural features of active synthesis of secretory material. Dense core vesicles (70–100 nm in diameter), found in the perikaryon as well as in the axon, are the possible storage sites of the secretory substance. Its chemical nature is unknown. In some of these vesicles acid phosphatase is demonstrable. Large membrane-bound bodies (up to 2000 nm in diameter), either containing an electron dense matrix or debris of cytoplasmic organelles, are also acid phosphatase-positive, suggesting their lysosomal nature. Some other ultrastructural characteristics of these cells are also described.
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  • 13
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 45-45 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Diphenylamin als Detektionsmittel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 14
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 296 (1979), S. 369-373 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; vollautomat. Auswertung von Chromatogrammen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden vollautomatische DC-Photometer beschrieben, bei denen ein Rechner die optimale Positionierung der DC-Flecke im Meßspalt steuert. Es lassen sich nicht nur die normalen Meßkurven, sondern auch die gemäß der Kubelka-Munk-Funktion transformierten Kurven für die Auswertung heranziehen. Infolge der Steuerung des Wellenlängenantriebes lassen sich auch Zweiwellenlängentechniken simulieren. Für die Auswertung eignet sich auch die 1. Ableitung der Meßkurve. Die Genauigkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit wird gesondert nach Auftragefehler, Meßfehler, Positionierfehler und Fehler der Chromatographie ausgewiesen.
    Notes: Summary Automated photometers for evaluating TLC plates by an optimized positioning of the spots in respect to the centre of the light beam are described. The evaluation can be performed by using the original measuring curve or a transformed one in respect to the Kubelka-Munk function. Two-wavelength techniques can be simulated, for the monochromator is controlled by the computer. This method has an advantage in measuring not well separated spots. In this case also an evaluation of the first derivative is often successful. The accuracy and reproducibility is given in respect to the different sources of errors: spotting, measurement, positioning and chromatography.
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  • 15
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 88 (1979), S. 1480-1483 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; regeneration ; cytidine ; uridine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of uridine and cytidine on the course of repair processes in the liver of rats with experimental hepatitis due to CCl4 was studied. Injection of uridine or cytidine simultaneously with CCl4 over a period of 7 days did not prevent damage to the liver by the poison. Further treatment with the nucleosides (up to 15 and 20 days) accelerated, although to different degrees, the course of repair processes after discontinuation of CCl4. Cytidine, for instance, caused marked hypertrophy of regenerating hepatocytes, combined with proliferation of mesenchymal cells, which, however, was not accompanied by restoration of the conjugating and excretory functions of the liver. Unlike cytidine, uridine led to more rapid normalization of the abovementioned functions, although restoration of the structure of the organ in this case was less complete.
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  • 16
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    Methods in cell science 5 (1979), S. 1047-1050 
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: hepatocyte ; precarcinogen ; liver ; metabolism ; toxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurohemal organ ; Neurosecretion ; Moulting gland ; Ultrastructure ; Crustaceans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez Sphaeroma serratum, la mue de puberté est suivie d'une dégénérescence de l'organe Y (glands de mue). Le plexus nerveux céphalique latéral, organe neurohémal accolé à cette glande a été l'objet de la présente étude ultrastructurale. Cet organe représente un centre de stockage de neurosécrétions qui proviennent d'une part, de deux cellules autochtones (cellules plexales) situées au sein même de ce plexus, d'autre part, de cellules neurosécrétrices situées dans le “ganglion mandibulaire” (cellules de type A). Chez les individus pubères, les cellules plexales et les cellules A du ganglion sous-oesophagien synthétisent des granules de neurosécrétion dont la taille est respectivement 1550±50Å et 1570±40Å. Il a été reconnu au sein du plexus 5 catégories de terminaisons dont les granules proviendraient pour deux d'entre elles des cellules plexales et des cellules A du “ganglion mandibulaire”. Chez les animaux pubères on observe un arrêt de la synthèse des granules de neurosécrétion au sein des cellules plexales et des cellules A du “ganglion mandibulaire”. Simultanément on enregistre dans le plexus la raréfaction puis la disparition des divers types de granules. Ce processus atteint en premier les terminaisons correspondant aux cellules plexales et aux cellules A du “ganglion mandibulaire”. La dégénérescence de la glande de mue chez les mâles pourrait être en relation avec l'arrêt de synthèse de ces cellules.
    Notes: Summary The present ultrastructural study deals with the lateral cephalic nerve plexus of Sphaeroma serratum, a neurohemal organ joined to the Y organ (ecdysial gland). This plexus acts as a storage centre for neurosecretory products from two sources: the two autochtonous cells (plexus cells) within the plexus itself, and the neurosecretory cells in various parts of the central nervous system, particulary the “mandibular ganglion” (A-cells). In prepuberal animals, plexus cells and subesophageal A-cells produce neurosecretory granules of two types measuring 1550±50Å and 1570±40Å respectively. Five categories of axon terminals were distinguished in the plexus. The granules found in two of these terminal types are believed to come from the plexus cells and from the “mandibular ganglion” A-cells. Cessation of production of neurosecretory granules in these A cells and plexus cells was observed in puberal animals, in the plexus with concomitant depletion and disappearance of different granule categories. The first axon terminals affected by this process are the two categories containing granules originating in the plexus and “mandibular ganglion” A-cells. Degeneration of the ecdysial gland in male Sphaeroma serratum might be connected with the cessation of granule formation in these two types of cell.
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  • 18
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    Cell & tissue research 204 (1979), S. 379-385 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Immunofluorescence ; Crustacea ; X-organ ; Hyperglycemic Hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antiserum raised in rabbits against extracts of sinus glands from Carcinus and shown by several criteria to contain antibodies directed against the neurosecretory hyperglycemic hormone was used to locate the hormone-producing perikarya in the optic ganglia. By means of the double antibody fluorescence technique, selective staining of the large neurosecretory perikarya of the medulla terminalis ganglionic X-organ (MTGXO) and their axons is obtained. The axon endings of the sinus gland are also stained. None of the other groups of neurosecretory cells in the eyestalk shows fluorescence. Preabsorption of the antiserum with pure hyperglycemic hormone abolishes the fluorescence.
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  • 19
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    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 201-208 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Corpus cardiacum ; Corpus allatum ; Acheta domesticus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the corpus cardiacum (CC) and corpus allatum (CA) of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus, is described. Axon profiles within the CC contain neurosecretory granules 160–350 nm in diameter which are indistinguishable from those found in type I neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis and in the nervus corporis cardiaci I. The CC itself contains two cell types: intrinsic neurosecretory cells and glial cells. Intrinsic NSC cytoplasm contains Golgi bodies and electron dense neurosecretory granules 160–350 nm in diameter. Synaptoid configurations with 20–50 nm diameter electron lucent vesicles were observed within axon profiles of the CC. The structure of the CA is relatively uniform with one cell type predominating. Typical CA cells possess large nucleoli, active Golgi complexes, numerous mitochondria, and occassional microtubules. Groups of dark staining cells scattered throughout the CA of some animals were interpreted as evidence of cellular death.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Hypothalamo-hindbrain pathway ; Rat ; Blood pressure ; Milk ejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In lactating rats and in rats deprived of water, the amount of neurosecretory material in the fibres of the neurosecretory hypothalamohindbrain pathway exceeds that in untreated control animals. Under these experimental conditions the pathway and its target regions can be well analysed by means of fluorescence and electron microscopic methods. 2. The axons belonging to the hypothalamo-hindbrain pathway originate from perikarya located in the caudal portion of the nucleus paraventricularis and also from a small group of perikarya in the caudo-lateral hypothalamus. On the way to the hindbrain the neurosecretory fibres join other fibre bundles of the mid- and hindbrain. 3. In the hindbrain most of the neurosecretory fibres terminate in the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii and in the area of the dorsal column nuclei. The axon terminals form synapses with other neurones. 4. Using cytochemical methods at the ultrastructural level (Naumann and Sterba, 1976), the authors were able to prove that the vesicles in the exohypothalamic fibres and in their synaptic terminals contain the same sort of material as the neurophysin vesicles in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis. 5. The most distinct increase in neurophysin was observed in lactating females which were separated from their sucklings after a normal lactation period of 15 days and killed four days thereafter, and in rats deprived of water for different time periods. 6. The relationship of the neurosecretory hypothalamo-hindbrain pathway to the nucleus tractus solitarii and to the dorsal column nuclei suggests that, functionally, there may be a correlation between the system of blood-pressure control and the milk ejection reflex.
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  • 21
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 87 (1979), S. 293-296 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: vogotomy ; liver ; permeability ; intravital microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By intravital fluorescence microscopy the permeability of structural components of the rat liver for fluorescein sodium was studied 7, 21, and 60 days after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. It was shown that vagotomy causes increased permeability both of the microvessels of the liver and of the plasma membrane of the hepatocytes. In the later stages the times of appearance of fluorescein in the liver cells and of its elimination therefrom return to the initial levels.
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  • 22
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 88 (1979), S. 1351-1354 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; circadian rhythm ; phospholipids ; acid and alkaline phosphatases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A circadian rhythm of the content of total and individual phospholipids and of alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was found in the albino rat liver by biochemical and histochemical methods. The phospholipid content and enzyme activity were higher during the daytime (9 a.m. to 3 p.m.). The results indicate harmony between the structural and metabolic organization of the liver during the period of maximal functioning activity of the organ.
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  • 23
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 135-139 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Benzodiazepinen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Metaboliten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die DC-Trennung von 14 1,4- bzw. 1,5-Benzodiazepinen und 17 Hauptmetaboliten sowie die Detektion mit Bratton-Marshall-, Dragendorff- und Jodoplateat-Reagens werden beschrieben. Rf-Werte sowie die Reaktionen mit den Reagentien sind tabellarisch zusammengestellt und Biotransformationsschemata angegeben.
    Notes: Summary Experimental details for the separation are described and data are compiled for Rf-values and reactions with Bratton-Marshall, Dragendorff and iodoplateate-reagents. Biotransformation schemes for the individual benzodiazepines are presented.
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  • 24
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 288-288 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Ioxynil in Biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 263-265 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Alkoholen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; C1-C20, 6 Trennsysteme, Dinitrobenzoate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Thin-layer chromatography on rice starch, maize starch, cellulose and talc makes possible the separation of the homologous series of 3,5-dinitrobenzoates of aliphatic alcohols C1 to C20. Six different solvent systems have been employed. Dependence of R f-values on the number of C-atoms on various supports is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Dünnschicht-Chromatographie auf Reisstärke, Maisstärke, Cellulose und Talk wurde die homologe Reihe der 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate von aliphatischen Alkoholen C1 bis C20 getrennt. Sechs verschiedene Fließmittel wurden benutzt. Die Abhängigkeit der R f-Werte von der Zahl der C-Atome auf verschiedene Schichten wird diskutiert.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 295 (1979), S. 272-272 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Arylazopyraolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 36-41 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Antimikrobiellen Verbindungen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Trennung und Identifizierung von halogenierten, vorwiegend aliphatischen antimikrobiellen Verbindungen, von Formaldehyd abgebenden Substanzen und von Sulfonsäure-Derivaten auf dünnschicht-chromatographischem Wege wird beschrieben. Die Trennung erfolgt auf einer Kieselgel-Cellulose-Mischschicht mit Äthylacetat/Methanol/10% Ammoniak (65+30+5) als Laufmittel. Zur Sichtbarmachung und zur Identifizierung sind mehrere Sprühmittel notwendig: äthanolischeMethylgelb-Lösung mit anschließender UV-Bestrahlung, Phenylhydrazinsulfonat und Natronlauge sowie Hydroxylamin/Eisen(III)-chlorid und Nitroprussidnatrium-Kaliumhexacyanoferrat (III) u. a. Anhand der verschiedenen Rf-Werte und der Anfärbungen lassen sich die antimikrobiellen Verbindungen rasch und einfach identifizieren.
    Notes: Summary The analysis of halogenated, mainly aliphatic compounds, of formaldehyde donors and of derivatives of sulphonic acid is described. The separation is carried out on plates coated with a mixed layer of silica gel and cellulose and a solvent mixture of ethylacetate/methanol/10% ammonia (65+30+5), whereas for the detection and identification several spray reagents have to be used: ethanolic solution of Methyl Yellow with subsequent UV irradiation, phenylhydrazine-4-sulphonic acid and sodium hydroxide, hydroxylamine/iron(III) chloride, sodium nitroprusside/potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and others. The Rf-values and the colourations of the spots allow to identify the examined compounds rapidly and without further chemical procedures.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 42-42 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von anorg. Ionen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; DCTA-imprägniert
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 294 (1979), S. 414-414 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Identifizierung von Arylhydrazin-benzylsulfonylmethylpyrazolinonen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 299 (1979), S. 207-207 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Sulfonamiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 381-384 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Aminen, aromat. ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Remissionsmessung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von aromatischen Aminen beschrieben. Diese werden dünnschicht-chromatographisch auf Kieselgel 60 F254 Fertigplatten in den Laufmitteln n-Propanol/Methanol/Wasser/Eisessig (65∶15∶15∶20; Vol.) oder n-Butanol/Wasser/Eisessig (66∶17∶17; Vol.) von den Begleitstoffen abgetrennt. Die getrennten Aminflecke werden entweder im Ultraviolett-Bereich oder nach Diazotierung im sichtbaren Bereich mit dem Chromatogramm-Spektralphotometer PMQ II nach der Remissionsmethode gemessen und anhand der auf derselben Platte aufgestellten Eichgerade ausgewertet. Die quantitative Bestimmung wird anhand der beiden Amine 5-Amino-2,4,6-trijod-isophthalsäurebis-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl-N-methylamid) (I) und 2,4,6-Trijod-3-aminobenzoesäure (II) in Röntgenkontrastmittelpräparaten (RKP) demonstriert. Sowohl im UV- als auch im sichtbaren Bereich, läßt sich in 3000 μg RK-Säure (RKS) noch 0,1 μg freies aromatisches Amin, das sind 0,003%, bezogen auf die eingesetzte Menge RKS, mit einer maximalen relativen Standardabweichung von 4% bestimmen. Diese Methode ist spezifischer und empfindlicher als die der Diazotierung in Lösung.
    Notes: Summary The aromatic amines are separated from impurities by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 precoated plates in the mobile solvents n-propanol/methanol/water/glacial acetic acid (65∶15∶15∶20; vol.) or n-butanol/water/glacial acetic acid (66∶17∶17; vol.). The separated amine spots are measured by the remission method by means of the TLC densitometer PMQ II, either in the u.v. region or, after diazotization, in the visible region, and evaluated on the basis of the linear calibration curve set up on the same plate. Quantitative determination is demonstrated by means of the two amines, 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl-N-methylamide) (I) and 2,4,6-triiodo-3-aminobenzoic acid (II), in radiopaque contrast media (RCM). Both in the u.v. and visible regions, it is still possible to determine 0.1 μg of free aromatic amine in 3000 μg of radiopaque contrast medium acid (RCA), or 0.003% in terms of the amount of RCA used, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 4%. This method is more specific and more sensitive than that of diazotization in solution.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 135-137 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Desodorantien, Phenolderivaten in Kosmetika ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Phenolische Desodorantien in kosmetischen Präparaten lassen sich durch Umsetzung mit Echtrotsalz Al (Anthrachinondiazonium-chlorid-1) in wäßrig-alkalischer Lösung, Extraktion des gebildeten Azofarbstoffes mit einem organischen Lösungsmittel und anschließender Dünnschicht-Chromatographie schnell identifizieren. In den meisten Fällen ist die Abhängigkeit zwischen der Extinktion der Farbstofflösung und der eingesetzten Menge des betreffenden Desodorants linear, wodurch dann auch quantitative Bestimmungen möglich sind.
    Notes: Summary Phenolic compounds, used as deodorants in cosmetic products can be identified quickly by reaction with anthraquinonediazonium chloride-1 (Echtrotsalz Al) in aqueous alkaline medium, extraction of the azo dye with an organic solvent and separation by thinlayer chromatography. The relation between the absorbance of the coloured solution and the concentration of the deodorant concerned is generally linear; in these cases quantitative determinations are always possible.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 366-368 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von N-Heterocycl. Verbindungen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; CuSO4-imprägnierte Schichten, Fluorescenz
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch die charakteristischen Fluorescenzfarben und die Fluorescenz-Thermochromie der CuJ-Komplexe lassen sich N-Heterocyclen auf Chromatogrammen meist einwandfrei identifizieren. Eine wesentliche Vereinfachung wird durch die Verwendung CuSO4-imprägnierter Kieselgelschichten erreicht. Die Nachweisempfindlichkeiten insbesondere bei tiefer Temperatur ändern sich im Vergleich zur ursprünglichen Technik kaum.
    Notes: Summary N-Heterocycles can usually be identified with certainty through the characteristic fluorescence colours and fluorescence-thermochromism of the CuI-complexes. The use of CuSO4-impregnated silica gel layers facilitates the procedure considerably, and scarcely reduces the sensitivity of detection, particularly at low temperature.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Anorgan. Ionen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; mit p-Toluidin imprägnierte Schichten
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    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 361-374 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Subfornical organ ; Circumventricular organs ; CSF-contacting neurons ; Encephalo-chromaffin cells ; Neurosecretion ; Rana pipiens
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ventricular surface of the subfornical organ of the frog is made up of ependymal cells with numerous apical microvilli, occasional cytoplasmic protrusions and many vacuoles projecting into the lumen of the third ventricle. Between these cells dendrites of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons reach the ventricle to terminate in bulbous enlargements. In addition, flask-shaped encephalo-chromaffin cells, containing granulated vesicles and aggregates of filaments in their cytoplasm, project into the cerebrospinal fluid. Surrounding the centrally located capillaries are enlarged dendrites and axons of heterogeneous morphology, some of which appear to originate within the subfornical organ, intermingled with dendrites and axons of normal structure. The glial cells in this region, especially the microglial cells, often contain large lipofuscin inclusions, suggestive of degeneration and subsequent phagocytosis of some of the enlarged dendrites and axons. The normally scarce neurosecretory peptidergic axons become more evident and form typical Herring bodies in stalk-transected animals. Neuronal perikarya of varying morphology are predominantly located peripheral to the region of enlarged dendrites and axons. Supraependymal macrophages are particularly numerous on the subfornical organ.
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  • 36
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α-Endorphin ; Neurosecretion ; Fish pituitary ; Hypothalamohypophyseal relationships ; Immunocytology
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A strong positive immunoreaction with an α-endorphin antiserum occurs in two distinct sites of the goldfish and carp neurohypophysis. Fluorescent nerve terminals are found in the laminar nerve processes located in the rostral pars distalis, but the immunocytological reaction is mainly localised on the nerve processes of the posterior neurohypophysis lying between the intermediate lobe cells. Almost all the digitations of the neurohypophysis are strongly fluorescent. The immunoreactive fibres probably originate from the hypothalamus, where perikarya displaying the same immunoreaction have been found in the pars lateralis of the nucleus lateralis tuberis and in some minor centres. The possibility that the immunoreactive substances revealed on the neurohypophyseal processes may originate in the intermediate lobe cells is also discussed. It has now to be established if this hypothalamo-hypophyseal system contains a substance with endorphic properties or only some immunologically related substance devoid of the corresponding physiological activities.
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    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 435-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Sinus gland ; Synapses ; Palaemon ; Ultrastructure
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two types of neurosecretory fibers, designated as Type 5 and Type 6 axons, in the sinus gland of the freshwater prawn, Palaemon, establish contact with other neurosecretory axons by means of synaptic junctions. This finding strongly supports the view that release of some neurohormones from the eyestalk may be regulated by neurosecretory neurons through synaptic transmission.
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    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 559-570 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Nucleus praeopticus ; Neurosecretion ; Acipenseridae ; Quantitative study
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The peptidergic neurosecretory cells (NSC) of the nucleus praeopticus (NP) of male and female sturgeons, A. güldenstädti Brandt, were studied light microscopically at different stages of their life cycle and under experimental conditions. Four main NSC types reflecting different phases of secretory cycle and life course of the cell have been tentatively distinguished. The maximum percentage of the high and moderate active NSC are found in juvenile animals in the sea (stages I and I–II of gonadal maturity, sgm), in upstream migrating fish in spring before spawning, in down-stream migrating fish 1–1.5 months after spawning, and in experimental fish kept for 8.5 hours in a 32‰ sodium chloride solution. The least active NSC accumulating neurosecretory material (NSM) are characteristic of juvenile fish (sgm II) in the sea, sturgeons maintained in a sodium chloride solution for 3.5 or 6 hours and fish which remained in a net, thrown to the sea, for some hours before fixation. The lowest percentage of these cells is observed in autumn migrants, in females soon after spawning (sgm VI) and in fish kept for 8.5 hours in a sodium chloride solution. Cells rich in basophilic substance and poor in NSM occur in juvenile and in down-stream migrating fish. Cells reflecting the state of exhaustion after hyperactivity and “ageing” cells are seen in adults, especially in sgm VI fish, and in autumn migrants. Pyknomorphous NSC are constantly present in all fish; they are most numerous in sturgeons found in a net. A diagram demonstrating the life course and the secretory cycle of the NSC is presented and the role of the hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system (HHNS) under stress conditions is discussed.
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    Cell & tissue research 187 (1978), S. 315-321 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Tadpole, Alytes obstetricans ; Neurosecretion ; Somatostatin ; Immunofluorescence
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three sites of somatostatin-synthesizing perikarya, or a related antigen, were determined by immunofluorescence in the hypothalamus of the tadpole, Alytes obstetricans (Amphibia, Anura). Two sites of neurosecretory perikarya were localized in the preoptic nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus; the axons extended either to the anterior diencephalon or to the median eminence and the pituitary. The third site was found in the posterior hypothalamus. These neurosecretory cells showed a strong immunofluorescent reaction; their axons all terminated at the level of the median eminence. Somatostatin cells were only found in intact or hypophysectomized tadpoles given somatotropin (STH). The strong reaction observed in hypophysectomized tadpoles was possibly due to the loss of the terminal portion of the neurosecretory pathway (median eminence and pituitary) by which the agent is transported to the site of discharge.
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    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 41-51 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Herring bodies (rat) ; Colchicine ; Cold ; Neurosecretion ; Ultrastructure
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study of the morphology of Herring bodies of the posterior pituitary lobe of rats treated with colchicine and/or exposed to low temperatures has been performed. After treatment with colchicine (20 μg in distilled water injected intracisternally) a predominance of Herring bodies with a large number of small “synaptic-like” vesicles surrounded by neurosecretory granules is found. Exposures to low temperature (4–6° C) result in an increase in the neurosecretory material and the Herring bodies show many neurosecretory granules of different densities. After treatment with colchicine and subsequent exposure to low temperatures, the Herring bodies are characterized by having a great number of autophagic bodies which become more numerous as the length of the exposure is increased; later autophagic vacuoles and lamellar bodies become evident.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 254-256 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; hepatocytes ; alcian blue
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A modification of Novelli's combined histological staining method whereby the functional state of hepatocytes can be determined is suggested.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 477-479 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: Coxsackie A13 virus ; organ culture ; proliferation ; liver
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    Notes: Abstract Features of growth and proliferation of organ cultures of the liver from noninbred albino mice infected with a single dose of Coxsackie A13 virus were investigated. A marked zone of growth mainly of epithelial cells was found early in explants of the liver of the experimental group of mice, whereas growth of cells around the liver explants of the control mice either was absent or was very weak. Moreover, many lymphocytes uniformly distributed in the zone of growth of the liver cells were found in preparations of the liver of the experimental mice. In some explants the picture of adhesion of lymphocytes to the hepatocytes of the culture was seen, and in places where lymphocytes accumulated death of the liver cells and marked thinning of the cellular layer were observed on the 21st and 28th days of growth of the culture.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 689-693 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: α-fetoprotein ; albumin ; transferrin ; immunofluorescence ; liver
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    Notes: Abstract A technique of tissue fixation with a mixture of acetone and formalin followed by embedding in paraffin wax, enabling good detection of antigens, including serum proteins, is described. By means of this method the distribution of albumin, transferrin, andα-fetoprotein was described in normal and regenerating mouse liver. Both under normal conditions and during regeneration albumin and transferrin are contained by strictly the same hepatocytes.α-Fetoprotein is found in the regenerating liver independently of the other two proteins, although it is found in the same zones. Albumin and transferrin are found only in the perinecrotic zone in each cell containingα-fetoprotein.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 1206-1209 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: immunofluorescence ; cardiolipin ; phosphatidylinositol ; liver
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    Notes: Abstract The localization of phospholipid haptens (cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol) in frozen and paraffin sections of mouse liver fixed in acetone and in an acetone-buffer-formalin mixture was studied by the indirect fluorescent antibodies method. Antiphospholipid sera specifically stained the plasma membranes of the hepatocytes, especially the region of the membrane facing the blood sinus. Detection of phospholipid haptens in liver sections with the aid of antiphospholipid sera depends on the method of obtaining and fixing the sections. Depending on the method of immunization, two types of antiphospholipid sera are obtained; they differ in their stability, in the possibility of isolating antibodies on lipid immunosorbents from them, and in their ability to stain liver sections.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 95-98 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: germfree animals ; liver ; spleen ; histochemical changes
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    Notes: Abstract The liver and spleen of gnotobiotic Wistar rats were studied by histochemical methods and the liver electron-microscopically. Under germfree conditions of existence of the animal the succinate dehydrogenase and nonspecific esterase activity in the liver decreased, fatty infiltration of the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells increased, and some of the cells developed fatty degeneration. Meanwhile acid phosphatase activity and the number of lysosomes increased in the biliary poles of the hepatocytes, whereas in the spleen destruction of erythrocytes and the liberation of free iron and pigments, which stimulate the excretion of bile in germfree animals, were increased.
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: glutathione reductase ; o,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane ; p,p′-diethyldiphenyldi-chloroethane (Perthane) ; adrenals ; liver ; kidneys
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    Notes: Abstract o,p′-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (o,p′-DDD) and Perthane, when added in a concentration of 312 μM to homogenate and cytoplasmic fraction of dog adrenals, activate glutathione reductase. In a concentration of 156 μM, o,p′-DDD and Perthane do not affect glutathione reductase activity of the dog adrenals. When given in vitro, o,p′-DDD and Perthane activate glutathione reductase of the guinea pig adrenals. o,p′-DDD has no effect on glutathione reductase activity of the cytoplasmic fraction of dog liver and kidney, thus confirming the high specificity of its effect on the adrenal cortex.
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    Cell & tissue research 190 (1978), S. 235-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Cobalt backfilling ; Crustacea ; Sinus gland ; X organ
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topography of the neurosecretory system in the decapod eyestalk has not been precisely delineated with light microscopy. Cobalt iontophoresis and electron microscopy have proved useful in clarifying the microstructure of this system. The sinus gland (sg) of the crayfish eyestalk consists of aggregated axon terminals which end at or near the blood space, lontophoresing cobalt back through the cut base of the sinus glands reveals proximal cell bodies in the eyestalk only in the X organ (Xo) region. Electron microscopy demonstrates that axons from about 115 neurosecretory cell bodies in the Xo form the Xo-sg tract. Intermingled with these Xo somata are smaller non-neurosecretory cell bodies which do not send axons into the sinus gland. One of these exhibits catecholamine fluorescence. Backfilling also reveals a second group of fibres which run from the brain along the optic tract and into the sinus gland. These brain-sg fibres are smaller in diameter than Xo-sg axons and lack neurosecretory vesicles. From these fibres collaterals extend into the eyestalk neuropil, especially in the proximity of the visual elements. The possible function of these non-neurosecretory processes within the sinus gland is discussed.
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lung ; Bufo marinus ; Innervation ; Adrenergic nerves ; Neurosecretion
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    Notes: Summary The innervation of the toad (Bufo marinus) lung was studied with transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence techniques, both before and after 12 or 20 days close vagosympathetic denervation. Four cytologically distinct types of neuronal processes were recognised, in relation to the visceral muscles of the lung. These were described as cholinergic, adrenergic, nonadrenergic/non-cholinergic (NANC) and sensory on the basis of the characteristics of their vesicular content and cytochemical reactions. An apparent efferent innervation of visceral smooth muscle was achieved by NANC (50%), cholinergic (25%) and adrenergic (25%) fibres. A few sensory fibres were also present. After denervation only NANC fibres persisted, showing that the cell bodies of these fibres were intrapulmonary. The vascular smooth muscle was supplied by cholinergic, adrenergic and sensory fibres. In the walls of the proximal branches of the pulmonary artery were fibres containing large dense-cored vesicles. These profiles, which were associated with the vasa vasorum, were similar to neurosecretory fibres. After denervation all neural profiles associated with the vasculature had degenerated. The observations suggest that vagal vasodepressor effects in the toad lung are mediated indirectly through relaxation of visceral muscle strands which in their contracted state compress vascular channels.
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    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: interlinear differences ; liver ; adrenals ; steroid hormones
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    Notes: Abstract Interlinear differences with respect to morphometric characteristics of the subcellular organization of the hepatocytes and also to indices of adrenocortical function and rate of metabolism of steroid hormones in the liver were found in adult male CBA and C57BL mice. Steroid hormone production by the adrenals and the rate of their metabolism in the liver were found to be inversely proportional in the animals of the two lines. The pattern of structural and functional sponses of the liver of animals of these two strains to pathogenic factors.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 85 (1978), S. 668-670 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: electron-microscopic autoradiography ; liver ; corticosterone
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    Notes: Abstract Distribution of [3H]corticosterone in the liver cells after adrenalectomy was studied by electron-microscopic autoradiography. The deficiency of endogenous glucocorticoids led to more rapid incorporation of [3H]corticosterone into the liver cells, as shown by the appearance of tracks above the nuclei of the hepatocytes and by an increase in their number above the various cytoplasmic formations.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 921-924 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; antihepatocytotoxic serum ; carbon tetrachloride ; index of labeled nuclei
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Incorporation of thymidine-3H into parenchymatous and reticulo-endothelial cells of the liver was studied autoradiographically in adult female rats treated with small doses (0.06 μg/100 g body weight per injection) of antihepatocytotoxic serum (AHTS), the γ-globulin isolated from it (γAHTS), and the γ-globulin fraction of normal rabbit serum (γNRS) to intact animals and to rats with liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Following injection of γAHTS and, to a lesser degree, of AHTS into intact animals the index of labeled nuclei of both the parenchymatous and the reticulo-endothelial cells was increased. When given after preliminary CCl4 administration, γAHTS stimulated reparative regeneration. The action of γAHTS took place in phases: A period of increase in the index of labeled nuclei was followed by a period of decrease, and this again was followed by a fresh period of stimulation of proliferative processes.
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: estrogen-binding proteins ; liver ; species differences
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    Notes: Abstract Estradiol(E2)-binding proteins of the liver cytosol of sexually mature female and male rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits were investigated by gel-filtration on Sepharose 6B columns. Components with Stokes' radii (a) of 6–7 and 2.5 nm, forming specific, stable complexes with E2, were found in the liver of female rats and of male and female mice. Components with values of (a) of 6–7, 2.5, and under 2.0 nm, specifically binding E2, were discovered in the liver of male rats and male and female guinea pigs. Complexes of E2 with components with (a) values of 6–7 and under 2.0 nm were relatively stable, whereas the complex of E2 with the component witha=2.5 nm could dissociate completely in 45 min. It is suggested that at least some of the components of these heterogeneous populations of E2-binding proteins may participate in the reception of the estrogen signal by the liver.
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  • 53
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 86 (1978), S. 1402-1405 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: electron microscopy ; liver ; carbon tetrachloride ; stress syndrome
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The submicroscopic study of the parenchymatous cells of the liver of rats receiving carbon tetrachlorde (CCl4) in a dose of 0.12 ml/g body weight repeatedly over a period of 25 days was studied. After the end of poisoning the animals were exposed to various extremal stimuli, namely immobilization, sunburn, or a combination of the two. Administration of CCl4, caused the appearance of many lipid inclusions in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, the basis for fatty infiltration of the liver. Under the influence of extremal factors, accumulation of lipid material not found and not previously described in any other pathological condition, and evidently reflecting profound disturbances of intracellular metabolism, was discovered in the spaces of the rough cytoplasmic reticulum.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 45-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Prostaglandinen in Sperma ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A relatively simple procedure for the isolation and determination of the prostaglandins present in human seminal fluid is described. It involves preliminary chromatographic purification of these compounds from the major non-prostaglandin impurities followed by their total elution in one solvent (one-step elution). The prostaglandins thus obtained were almost free from other lipids and were further resolved into prostaglandin-groups and individual prostaglandins by repeated thin-layer chromatography. Data are also presented for prostaglandin contents of fresh semen samples from five individuals and results compared with those from the stored samples.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Verfahren umfaßt eine chromatographische Abtrennung der Verbindungen von den hauptsächlichsten Verunreinigungen und die Gesamtelution mit einem Lösungsmittel. Die von anderen Lipiden fast völlig freien Prostaglandine werden durch wiederholte Dünnschicht-Chromatographie in Gruppen und Einzelverbindungen getrennt. Werte werden angegeben über die Prostaglandingehalte von frischem im Vergleich zu gelagertem Sperma.
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  • 55
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 237-237 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von HCH-Salbe ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Fertigfolien
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 292 (1978), S. 238-238 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Dimethylarylazoisoxazolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 57
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 110-111 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Identifizierung von Pemolin-Metaboliten im Harn ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; UV-, IR-, Massenspektren
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  • 58
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 289 (1978), S. 285-286 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Trimethylzinnverbindungen in Dimethylzinn-di(thioglykolsäureisooctylester) ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 59
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 46-46 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Ionen, anorgan ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 46-47 
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    Keywords: Trenn. von Rhodium und Iridium ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Anionenaustausch
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 48-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Äthyl-2,3-dioxobutyrat-2-arylhydrazonen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Antineoplastica
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  • 62
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 133-134 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Aminosäuren ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; automat. F luorimetrie
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  • 63
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 290 (1978), S. 157-157 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Digitoxinmetaboliten in Harn ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Radio
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 293 (1978), S. 138-140 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Mycotoxinen, Citrinin, Ochratoxin A, Aflatoxin M1, Penicillinsäure ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Graukeil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Spots of citrinin, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin M1 and penicillic acid on thin-layer chromatograms can be semi-quantitatively estimated by using a grey scale, commonly used in photo laboratories. The detection limits are 0.01 μg for citrinin, 0.006 μg for ochratoxin A, 0.002 μg for aflatoxin M1 and 0.01 μg for penicillic acid. Standard curves for these mycotoxins are given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines in Photolabors gebräuchlichen Graukeils können dünnschicht-chromatographische Flecke der obengenannten Mycotoxine halbquantitativ bestimmt werden. Die Nachweisgrenzen betragen 0,01 μg für Citrinin, 0,006 μg für Ochratoxin A, 0,002 μg für Aflatoxin M1 und 0,01 μg für Penicillinsäure. Eichkurven werden angegeben.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 221-221 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Aminen, aromat. ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 291 (1978), S. 224-224 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Mercaptothiazolyl-benzothiazolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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  • 67
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Seltenen Erden von Uran ; Photometrie ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Diäthyläther/Tetrahydrofuran/Bis-(2-äthylhexylphosphat)/HNO3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit dem Laufmittel Diäthyläther/Bis-(2-äthylhexylphosphat) (HDEHP)/Salpetersäure (100∶1∶3,5) können alle Seltenen Erden (S.E.) dünnschicht-chromatographisch (DC-Trennung) getrennt werden. Durch Variation von HDEHP und HNO3 ist es möglich, entweder die Rf-Werte der schweren oder leichten S.E. auseinander zu ziehen. Eine weitere DC-Trennung der S.E. gelingt mit dem Laufmittel Diäthyläther/Tetrahydrofuran/HDEHP/ HNO3. Nach der DC-Trennung werden die einzelnen S.E. auf zwei Wegen quantitativ bestimmt: a) Durch Auswertung der Fleckengröße, b) photometrisch nach Abkratzen der Flecken mit Neothorin. Als Analysen-Beispiel wird die Bestimmung von S.E. im ppm-Bereich in Spilitischem Schalstein gezeigt. Die relativen Standardabweichungen sind befriedigend.
    Notes: Summary All rare earths can be separated by TLC with the eluent diethyl ether/bis-(2-ethylhexylphosphate) (HDEHP)/nitric acid (100∶1∶3.5). It is possible to increase the R f-differences between either the heavy or the light rare earths by variation of HDEHP and HNO3. A further separation can be obtained by using diethyl ether/THF/HDEHP/HNO3 as an eluent. After TLC separation the rare earths can be determined quantitatively in two ways: (a) by evaluation of spot area, (b) by photometry with Neothorin as indicator after scraping the spots. The determination of rare earths in the ppm range in spilites is shown as an example. The relative standard deviations are satisfactory.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Prostaglandinen, Thromboxan, Prostaglandinendoperoxiden, 12-Hydroxyeicosantetraensäure, 12-Hydroxyheptadecatriensäure aus Thrombocyten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; gebildet aus Arachidonsäure, radiochemisch
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A three-step thin-layer chromatographic procedure is described for the isolation and measurement of the various compounds formed by human platelets from radioactive arachidonic acid. The data presented show that other unknown compounds may also be formed in substantial amounts. The method can be used on a routine basis by combining a two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic separation with an additional TLC for a complete resolution of the prostaglandins and other products.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein dreistufiges TLC-Verfahren wird beschrieben zur Trennung und Bestimmung der verschiedenen Verbindungen, die durch Thrombocyten aus radioaktiver Arachidonsäure gebildet werden. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen, daß außer den oben genannten noch weitere unbekannte Verbindungen in wesentlichen Mengen gebildet werden können. Durch Kombination einer dreidimensionalen TLC mit einer weiteren TLC-Trennung kann eine vollständige, routinemäßige Analyse der Prostaglandine und anderen Verbindungen durchgeführt werden.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, gene loci controlling ; cigarette smoke ; mice ; lung ; liver ; 3-methylcholanthrene
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When mice from different inbred strains are injected intraperitoneally with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) rapidly increases in livers of some strains but not others. AHH plays a role in the metabolism of polycyclic hydrocarbons. Alleles at a small number of loci account for most of the variation in inducibility of hepatic AHH among mice, when MC is used as the inducing agent. Cigarette smoke is a common source of carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons in the environment. Since some of the hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke are metabolized by AHH, the activity of AHH in tissues may affect the carcinogenicity of smoke in those tissues. The purpose of these experiments was to see whether induction of AHH in lung in response to cigarette smoke is regulated by the same genes that regulate induction of AHH in liver in response to MC. Mouse strains AKR/J and C57L/J and six recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from them were tested for the response of AHH in lung and liver to parenteral MC or inhalation of cigarette smoke. Inducibility (the ratio of MC-induced AHH activities to basal AHH activities) in liver from MC-treated RI lines is bimodal and compatible with Mendelian segregation of genes at a small number of loci. Increased activities of AHH in MC-treated liver are associated with increased ability to metabolize BP and whole smoke condensates to mutagens detected by Salmonella typhimurium TA1538. Inducibility of AHH in lung in response to MC is not bimodal, and no definite conclusion about the number of loci can be made. When actual levels of AHH activity are considered, following the administration of MC as inducing agent, there is a correlation (r=0.89, p〈0.01) between AHH levels in liver and lung, suggesting that some genes affecting liver also affect lung. Basal and MC-induced AHH levels in lung are also correlated (r=0.86, p〈0.01). Mice with high basal activities have two to threefold higher levels of AHH after MC treatment than do mice with low basal activities. Induction of AHH in pulmonary tissues occurs in all mice after either parenteral MC or smoke inhalation. In contrast to MC treatment, AHH activities in lungs following smoke inhalation are not correlated with AHH levels in liver after MC (r=0.49) and are only weakly correlated with basal (r=0.66, 0.05〈p〈0.10) pulmonary levels. The correlation between MC-induced and smoke-induced AHH activities in lung is weak (r=0.63, 0.05〈p〈0.10). We conclude that the genetic regulation of AHH activity in lung is not as simple as the genetic regulation of AHH activity in liver, especially when complex inducing agents such as cigarette smoke are used.
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    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 557-564 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sinus gland ; Gammarus ; Neurosecretion ; Ultrastructure
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The sinus gland of Gammarus oceanicus, like that of other crustaceans, is composed of three elements: neurosecretory axons, glial cells and stromal sheath. Five neurosecretory axon types are identified on the basis of granule diameter, shape, and electron density, and axon matrix density. Exocytosis appears to be the major release mechanism of neurosecretory material. The preterminal regions of neurosecretory axons contain axoplasmic reticulum and neurotubules. Their arrangement in the axon and relationship with one another suggest a transport function. Multilamellar bodies are found in the terminal regions of neurosecretory axons. They arise from mitochondria and may be involved in granulolysis.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurosecretion ; Alcian blue ; Alcian yellow staining ; Ultrastructure ; Bulinus truncatus
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurosecretory system of the freshwater snail Bulinus truncatus was investigated. With the Alcian blue-Alcian yellow (AB/AY) staining method at least 10 different types of neurosecretory cells (NSC) were distinguished in the ganglia of the central nervous system. The differences in staining properties of the NSC — with AB/AY the cells take on different shades of green and yellow — are borne out at the ultrastructural level: the NSC types contain different types of neurosecretory elementary granules. The neurosecretory system of B. truncatus is compared to that of Lymnaea stagnalis, the species which has received the most attention among the pulmonates. It appears from the comparison that the systems of both species show many similarities, although some differences are also apparent.
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    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 109-120 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Achatina fulica ; Aplysia californica ; Neurosecretion ; Homology
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The right parietal ganglion of the African snail Achatina fulica contains an identifiable cluster of 20–40 white cells with somatic diameters of 80–110 μ. Cobalt chloride injection into these cells revealed an axon projection in the right parietal nerve as well as apparent terminations in the capsule. The cells contain an abundance of electron dense granules 1000–2000 Å in diameter which are formed in the Golgi apparatus. The granules stain with Gomori's chrome hematoxylin and paraldehyde fuchsin methods. While most cluster cells showed no “spontaneous” electrical activity, there was a correlation for the active cells between rate of activity and intensity of cell whiteness. These and other data suggest that the cluster cells are neurosecretory. A claim of homology with the “rostral white cells”, R3–R13, in the parieto-visceral ganglion of Aplysia is based on a similarity of morphological and electrophysiological features, together with analogous locations in the respective ganglia. It is concluded that the right parietal ganglion of Achatina is homologous with the right half of the parieto-visceral ganglion of Aplysia.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1331-1334 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: benzo(a)pyrene ; liver ; hepatoma ; tissue culture
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cells of a monolayer culture of embryonic mouse liver, like cells of a culture of highly malignant hepatoma 22A, maintained by transplantation for 20 years, actively metabolized the carcinogenic hydrocarbon benzo(a)pyrene and are highly sensitive to its toxic action. Considering that liver tissue in vivo is resistant to carcinogenic hydrocarbons, the authors suggest that this resistance is due to factors acting at the organ or organism level but not at the cell level. The problem of the mechanism of preservation of the sensitivity of hepatoma 22A to the toxic action of benzo(a)pyrene also is discussed.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1413-1415 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: carbon tetrachloride ; oxygen ; liver ; bile acids
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    Notes: Abstract The effect of enteral oxygen therapy was studied in rats with acute degeneration of the liver caused by CCl4. Intragastric injection of oxygen foam reduced the severity of poisoning and led to more rapid and complete recovery of the intensity of bile secretion, synthesis of primary bile acids, and their conjugation with amino acids, and improved the stabilizing properties of the bile.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1783-1784 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondria ; liver ; alcohol
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    Notes: Abstract Ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes under the influence of alcohol were studied. The greatest changes were found in the mitochondria. Physical exertion and a low protein diet have a marked effect on the degree of alcohol poisoning. The first factor reduces whereas the second aggravates the harmful action of alcohol.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 487-490 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: mitochondrion ; liver ; vagotomy
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    Notes: Abstract Changes in the liver mitochondria of rats after bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy were studied. Two stages were distinguished in the dynamics of the response of the mitochondrial system to denervation. During the first stage (0.5–3 days after vagotomy) reversible functional disturbances due to postoperative stress took place in the mitochondria. The second stage (7–60 days after denervation) is characterized by more marked structural and functional changes with some common features with those observed in hypoxia and resulting from vagotomy itself.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1183-1186 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; polyploidy ; mitotic index ; index of labeled nuclei ; guinea pig
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    Notes: Abstract An autoradiographic study with [3H]thymidine showed that the hepatocytes of young sexually mature guinea pigs commence the phase of DNA synthesis 25 h after partial hepatectomy. Peaks of the number of labeled nuclei were found 30, 45, and 60 h after the operation. Two waves of mitoses were found by counting mitotic figures in squash preparations: 40 and 55 h after hepatectomy. A cytophotometric study of the DNA content showed that practically all the mononuclear and binuclear hepatocytes contained diploid nuclei 3 and 5 days after the operation. By the end of the 7th day of regeneration there were 6% of mononuclear tetraploid cells. The number of binuclear cells fell during the period of regeneration studied from 16 to 8%. It is concluded that the principal cytological mechanism of liver regeneration in guinea pigs is normal mitosis terminating in separation of the cells.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 490-494 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: carbon tetrachloride ; liver ; RNA metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the content and incorporation of 5-3H-uridine after brief exposure to its labeled precursor were studied in the individual liver RNA fractions of rats during administration of carbon tetrachloride for 24 weeks. These fractions were obtained by preparative electrophoresis in 2.5% polyacrylamide gel from previously isolated nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. Administration of CCl4 to rats was shown to reduce the quantity of transfer and ribosomal RNA in the liver tissue. Chronic CCl4 poisoning also disturbs the synchronization of the turnover of the individual components of fast-labeled RNA.
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    Cell & tissue research 180 (1977), S. 253-261 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Microtubules ; Neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretion ; Axoplasmic transport
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The microtubules in the neurosecretory neurones of the posterior pituitary were studied using different electron microscopical techniques. Tannic acid staining indicated that the microtubules had a 13 protofilament substructure similar to that described for microtubules from other tissues and organisms; the dimensions of the microtubules were also similar to that previously reported. Albumen pretreatment clearly showed the microtubules running across axonal swellings, but not continuing across the nerve endings. The only organelles showing possible association with the microtubules were small vesicles and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, no association between hormone granules and microtubules could be seen.
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    Cell & tissue research 178 (1977), S. 129-141 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Choroid plexus ; Vasopressin ; Neurosecretion ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic examination of choroid plexuses from lateral ventricles of water-deprived and subcutaneously or intravenously vasopressin administered rats reveal morphologic changes typical for vasopressin responsive fluid transporting epithelia during hormonal stimulation. Ultrastructural changes noted in both dehydrated and vasopressin treated animals included: the frequent occurrence of choroidal “dark” cells, dilatation of the lateral and basal intercellular spaces, increased vacuolization of the apical cytoplasm, and a change in microvillar conformation from the normal clavate type to those with a filiform shape. On the basis of the ultrastructural changes observed it is proposed that the choroid plexus be regarded as a target tissue for vasopressin. These findings indicated that a vasopressinmediated transchoroidal cerebrospinal fluid absorption capability exists.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 143-145 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; cholesterol biosynthesis ; age
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After intraperitoneal injection of radioactive sodium acetate into rats of two age groups (6–8 and 28–32 months) the dynamics of cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver was observed to be slower in the older animals. The specific liver cholesterol activity of the older rats was lower at the maximum of uptake of the label than in the younger rats. An atherogenic diet for 20 days (0.25 g cholesterol/100 g body weight) led to an increase in the total cholesterol content but to inhibition of its biosynthesis in the liver, and this effect was most marked in the younger rats. Continued administration of cholesterol depressed its biosynthesis still more, especially in the older animals.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 647-650 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: estrogens ; estradiol-binding proteins ; liver ; sex steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The marked sex differences in the ratio between the hormonal capacity of estradiol-binding components with Stokes' radii (a) of 7.0 and 2.5 nm observed in sexually mature animals are somewhat reduced but do not disappear completely after gonadectomy. Prolonged administration of estradiol (50 μg, 8days) to gonadectomized rats leads to depression of the estradiol-binding activity of all components of liver cytosol of females and males. Injection of testosterone propionate (2 mg, 8 days) into gonadectomized animals leads to selective stimulation of a special estrogen-binding protein with a=2.5 nm, normally characteristic of males alone, in both males and females. It is postulated that sex differences in the system of estradiol-binding proteins of the rat liver cytosol are due to sexual differentiation of the system in the early stages of development, on the one hand, and to the active regulatory influence of androgens and estrogens in the late stages of development, on the other hand.
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 925-928 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: magnesium ; reflex ; liver ; receptors ; kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Local stimulation of the liver by MgCl2 solution in unanesthetized dogs caused reflex excretion of magnesium through a change in tubular processes. The presence of receptors selectively sensitive to Mg in the liver is postulated. Information from these receptors was shown to spread among the vagus nerves.
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  • 84
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 84 (1977), S. 1249-1251 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: antithrombins ; reticuloendothelial system ; liver ; spleen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After destruction or removal of part of the liver in rats the levels of antithrombins II, III, and IV fell proportionally to the extent of the interference. Destruction of the spleen led to depression, but splenectomy led to activation of antithrombin IV. Blockade of the reticuloendothelial system caused a smaller decrease in the antithrombin level than partial hepatectomy. It is suggested that the spleen produces an inhibitor of antithrombin IV.
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  • 85
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: liver ; regeneration ; immune system ; splenic colonies
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During reparative regeneration in the liver functional activity of the immune system is increased. Resection of the liver is accompanied by sharp changes in the structure of the thymus and spleen. The thymus-dependent parts of the spleen are particularly reactive. Resection of the liver in rats is accompanied by an increase in the number of stem cells in the bone marrow, as determined by the splenic colonies method. The number of colony-forming cells in the spleen of recipients of lymphocytes taken from the hepatectomized animals is significantly greater than in the spleen of recipients of lymphocytes from intact rats. If the limb is screened, ability to form endogenous colonies also is increased in partially hepatectomized rats compared with intact animals. Resection of the liver in rabbits is accompanied by a significant increase in immunological reactivity on the first to third days after the operation. The reactions of leukergia and leukocytolysis are sharply intensified during this period.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: thyroid hormones ; liver ; hormone receptors ; mechanism of action of hormones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of specific iodothyronine-binding proteins of hepatocytes in the nucleo-cytoplasmic relations of thyroid hormones in rats was investigated under normal conditions, after thyroidectomy, and in experimental thyrotoxicosis. The concentration of hormone-binding sites in the cell was shown to depend on the extracellular level of thyroid hormones. The important role of cytosol hormone-binding proteins in the accumulation and intracellular distribution of thyroid hormones is emphasized. Cytosol tri-iodothyronine-binding proteins were shown to play no part in penetration of the hormone into the nucleus. The tri-iodothyronine level in the nuclei was directly dependent on the concentration of receptor proteins in them and the degree of occupancy of the acceptor sites in the receptors themselves.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: carbonic anhydrase activity ; dichloroethane ; liver ; myocardium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histochemical changes in the distribution of carbonic anhydrase activity in the myocardium and liver of rats were studied after acute oral poisoning with dichloroethane. Kurate's method in Hausler's modification was used. For a semiquantitative assessment of the changes in enzyme activity a histophotometric method was used. A definite increase in carbonic anhydrase activity in the myocardium and liver was observed in most of the experimental animals and the index of correlation between these changes remained the same as in the intact rats.
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  • 88
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    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 83 (1977), S. 146-148 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: glucocorticoids ; α-fetoprotein ; liver ; carbon tetrachloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments on male C57BL mice showed that inhalation of CCl4 for 15 min in a concentration of 0.05 ml/4 liters air causes severe degenerative changes in the liver with features of necrobiosis. However, phenomena of regeneration and cell infiltration arise as early as after 24 h and are accompanied by the secretion of α-fetoprotein into the blood stream. After 4 days the foci of necrobiosis disappear and are totally replaced by lymphocytes with large hepatocytes at the periphery. Processes of regeneration in animals receiving hydrocortisone (20 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) therapeutically or prophylactically were less marked and the number of animals producing α-fetoprotein was reduced from 92 to 60–65%.
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  • 89
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 283 (1977), S. 32-32 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von LSD, Ergot-Alkaloiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 90
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 284 (1977), S. 47-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Ergotalkaloiden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 91
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 48-48 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw., Best. von Dichlorvos in Biolog. Material ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 92
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 255-255 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Thiazolylbenzothiazolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; isomere
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  • 93
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 50-53 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn, von Seltenen Erden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Verteilungsverfahren ; Tetrahydrofuran, Triphenylphosphinoxid, Paraldehyd, Di-iso-propyläther-Tetrahydrofuran
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verteilungskonstanten von Selten-Erd-Nitraten im System Tributylphosphat-wäßrige Nitrat-Lösung werden berechnet. Dünnschicht-chromatographisch können mit Tributylphosphat in Isooctan als Laufmittel die Selten-Erd-Nitrate von La bis Gd vom Gd bis Lu getrennt werden. Eine Trennung von 13 Seltenen Erden auf einem Chromatogramm gelingt mit den Laufmitteln a) Tetrahydrofuran/Paraldehyd/Salpetersäure (20∶70∶10), b) dem Laufmittel Triphenylphosphinoxid (0,3 M in Paraldehyd) und konz. Salpetersäure im Verhältnis 90∶10, c) Di-iso-propyläther/Tetrahydrofuran/Salpetersäure (100 ∶ 60 ∶ 10). Der Trennmechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The distribution constants of the rare earth nitrates in the system tri-n-butylphosphate/aqueous nitrate solution are calculated. With thin-layer chromatography it is possible to separate the rare earth nitrates from La to Gd and from Gd to Lu in the solvent system tri-n-butylphosphate in i-octane. A separation of 13 rare earths in only one chromatogram is possible in the solvent systems a) tetrahydrofuran/paraldehyde/nitric acid (20∶70∶10), b) tri-phenylphosphinoxide (0.3 M in paraldehyde)/conc. nitric acid in the ratio 90∶10, c) di-iso-propylether/tetrahydrofuran/nitric acid (100∶60∶10). The mechanism of the separation is discussed.
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  • 94
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 111-120 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Steuergerät zur automatischen Registrierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein Gerät zur vollautomatischen Steuerung eines DC-Spektralphotometers wurde entwickelt. Zusätzlich zur automatischen Registrierung aller Spuren eines Dünnschicht-Chromatogramms werden Remissionsminima erkannt und ihre Remissionsgrade und Ortskoordinaten ausgedruckt. Eine zweite Betriebsart ermöglicht ein manuelles Abrastern und Ausmessen eines Fleckes an jeder beliebigen Stelle der DC-Platte. Ein Rechneranschluß zur Auswertung der Meßergebnisse ist vorhanden. An Hand von Beispielen wird gezeigt, daß Reproduzierbarkeits- und Konzentrationsfehler bei der automatischen Registrierung strichförmiger Flecke wesentlich kleiner sind als bei Handpositionierung kreisförmiger Flecke. Die Linearität verschiedener Analysenfunktionen wird über 2 Zehnerpotenzen der Strichbelegung untersucht. Dabei erweist sich die Kubelka-Munk-Funktion in bezug auf Linearität allen anderen untersuchten Funktionen überlegen. Eine Kosten-Nutzen-Rechnung zeigt, daß in einem Routinelabor durch Einsatz eines Auftragegerätes und eines Steuergerätes für die automatische Registrierung trotz höherer Investitionskosten die Gesamtkosten einer Analyse um 70% gesenkt werden können.
    Notes: Abstract An instrument has been constructed for the automatic control of a TLC spectrophotometer. In addition to the automatic scanning of all tracks of a thin-layer chromatogram the positions and values of diffuse reflectance minima are recognized and printed. A second mode allows the manual scanning and measurement of a spot at any position on the TLC plate. A digital output is provided for the evaluation of the results with a computer. The errors of reproducibility and of concentration are much smaller using the automatic scanning of bands than using the manual positioning of circular spots as the examples show. The linearity of several analytical functions is analysed within two decades of concentration. The Kubelka-Munk function was found to be superior in linearity to all other functions studied. Calculations of costs show, that the total costs of an analysis in a routine laboratory can be lowered to an extend of about 70% by the use of an application instrument and a controlling instrument for automatic scanning inspite of the higher costs of investments.
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 270-270 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Aryl-p-methoxybenzoylbenzofuranyl-thiosemicarbazonen, Contraceptiva ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 95-99 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Nachw. von Herbiciden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Dansylierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion von Dansylchlorid mit verschiedenen Herbiciden und Derivaten, die Aminogruppen enthalten oder zu Anilinen hydrolysierbar sind, wird beschrieben. Auf der Dünnschichtplatte lassen sich die fluorescierenden Stoffe gut trennen und identifizieren, was anhand von schematischen Darstellungen der Dünnschicht-Chromatogramme gezeigt wird.
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of dansyl chloride with various herbicides and derivatives containing amino groups or hydrolyzable to anilines is described. On TLC plates the fluorescent substances can be readily separated and identified as shown by diagrammatic representation of the thin-layer chromatograms.
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  • 97
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 247-247 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Diolen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 98
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 248-248 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Ketoester-Kupplungsprodukten ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; Aryldiazoniumchloride
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 249-249 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von Thiosemicarbaziden ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht ; 4-phenyl-substituiert
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    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 286 (1977), S. 250-250 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Trenn. von 5,5-Dimethylcyclohexan-2-arylhydrazon-1,2,3-trionen ; Chromatographie, Dünnschicht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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