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  • Angiosperms
  • CR: 5.17
  • Coleoptera
  • pharmacokinetics
  • 2020-2024
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  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (42)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1977  (42)
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  • 2020-2024
  • 2010-2014
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (42)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrapolation to the limit for numerical solutions of hyperbolic equations (1977)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 28 (1977), S. 455-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65B05, 65M25, 65M99 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The application of extrapolation to the limit requires the existence of an asymptotic expansion in powers of the step size. In this paper one-and multi-step methods for the solution of hyperbolic systems of first order are considered. Conditions are formulated that ensure the asymptotic expansion. Methods of characteristics for quasilinear systems with two independent variables are included in this presentation. If a rectangular grid is used, also non-quasilinear systems are admissible. The main part of this paper deals with initial value problems. But it is shown that in some exceptional cases asymptotic expansions hold for initial-boundary problems, too.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404347
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabile Mehrschichtverfahren für parabolische Evolutionsgleichungen (1977)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 29 (1977), S. 65-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65M20 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The line method discussed in [19] is improved by considering several time slices. It is applied to parabolic initial-value problems, and with techniques similar to [16] it is proved that the root conditions of Dahlquist [5] and Widlund [17] are sufficient for stability. Stable methods up to order 6 are given and illustrated by numerical calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On patched variational principles with application to elliptic and mixed elliptic-hyperbolic problems (1977)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 28 (1977), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Variational principles are important tools for the approximate solution of boundary-value problems. There are many types of variational principles, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. In this paper we show how to use a combination of variational principles, each for a given subregion of the underlying region of space, so as to best utilize the chief benefits of the individual principles. Such a patched principle is particularly useful in solving transonic flow problems, where we use different principles in the elliptic and hyperbolic regions. We present the results of some numerical experiments for the Tricomi problem. These seem to indicate that our patched principle, when used in conjunction with the finite element method, leads to accuracy which is second-order in the mesh spacing, as compared to the standard numerical methods of solving this problem, which are only first-order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389967
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fehlerabschätzung bei nichtlinearen Differentialungleichungen mit Hilfe linearer Differentialungleichungen (1977)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 28 (1977), S. 393-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 35-10, 35-15, 35-19, 35-42 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Ifu andv satisfy a sufficiently regular partial differential equation, it has been common knowledge for at least fifty years that the mean-value theorem gives a linear equation, with variable coefficients, foru-v. The main idea in the following note is to replace the latter by a one-parameter family of linear inequalities, each of which has constant coefficients. This procedure applies to a considerable variety of problems, but is developed here only for second-order elliptic equations in bounded or unbounded regions. A number of specific examples are included, some of which are so highly nonlinear as to seem almost intractable. Nevertheless, the method has little subtlety or depth. Such advantages as it may have lie rather in the fact that the proofs are simple, and the results easy to use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404343
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrapolation applied to certain discretization methods solving the initial value problem for hyperbolic differential equations (1977)
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 28 (1977), S. 121-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS (MOS): primary: 65M99 ; 65M25 ; secondary: 65B05 ; CR: 5.17
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary The procedurediwiex presented in this paper provides an approximate solution to Cauchy's initial value problem for general hyperbolic systems of first order. The procedurecharex can be applied to the initial value problem for a hyperbolic system of quasi-linear differential equations. This second method is a kind of method of characteristics. It produces a solution for the whole domain of determinancy. Both procedures use extrapolation to the limit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01394448
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma level of chlormethiazole and two metabolites after oral administration to young and aged human subjects (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlormethiazole ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolites ; oral administration ; young and elderly human subjects ; quantitative gas chromatographymass spectrometry ; whole blood distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentration of chlormethiazole and two of its metabolites has been measured in three young and three aged human subjects following administration of a single oral dose of chlormethiazole. A sensitive analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using the selective ion monitoring mode of operation was developed to permit quantitation of the plasma levels. The time course of the plasma concentration of chlormethiazole and metabolites showed wide inter-subject variation, particularly between the young and elderly subjects. Absorption of chlormethiazole was rapid in the subjects of both groups as assessed by the time taken to reach the peak plasma concentration. The mean peak plasma level of chlormethiazole was more than five times greater in the elderly (2.90±1.56 µg/ml) than in the young (0.55±0.58 µg/ml) subjects. The plasma level of chlormethiazole was consistently higher in the aged subjects and this was reflected by the larger area under the plasma curve in aged (7.62±5.37 µg.h/ml) than in young (0.94±0.66 µg.h/ml) individuals. Decreased pre-systemic elimination by the liver has been suggested as an important factor contributing to the higher plasma level in the elderly. Estimates of absolute systemic availability, calculated by reference to previous intravenous studies, were greater for the elderly subjects. The distribution of chlormethiazole in whole blood from six young and six elderly human subjects was investigated in vitro. The unbound fraction of chlormethiazole in plasma increased significantly from 0.308±0.035 in young subjects to 0.403±0.067 in the elderly. Distribution of the drug in whole blood was different for the two age groups; the fraction of drug distributed to plasma water was significantly greater and the fraction in blood cells was significantly less in the aged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645135
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of tolamolol in the treatment of hypertension (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tolamolol ; hypertension ; pharmacokinetics ; mean steady-state concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tolamolol was administered in a “double-blind” study to fifteen hypertensive patients by dose-titration against arterial blood pressure. Mean steady-state plasma tolamolol concentrations (Css) were determined for each patient from the area under the plasma concentration — time curve during a dosage interval whilst patients were receiving optimal tolamolol doses. No significant correlation was observed between daily tolamolol dose and Css; the relationship between fall in lying mean arterial pressure and Css also failed to reach conventional levels of statistical significance, but Css was observed to be correlated with the fall in standing pressure. The results suggest that plasma concentrations in excess of 200 ng/ml may be required to achieve an effective hypotensive response with the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609855
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the pharmacodynamic effects of furosemide and BAY g 2821 and correlation of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of BAY g 2821 (muzolimine) (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Muzolimine ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; furosemide ; saluresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a biometrically planned, double-blind study on 12 Oedema-free male patients the saluretic effect of muzolimine 30 mg was compared with furosemide 40 mg. The plasma level of muzolimine was determined and correlated with its pharmacodynamics. In terms of excretion during the 12-hour observation period muzolimine 30 mg had as great a cumulative effect as furosemide 40 mg. There was a significant difference in the time-response curve. During the first two hours furosemide 40 mg had more saluretic effect than muzolimine 30 mg. Between two and four hours there was no significant difference between the two substances. Between four and six hours, however, muzolimine was somewhat more effective than furosemide, although the difference did not reach the level of significance. After 6 h there was no longer any difference between the two compounds. The half-life of the fall in concentration of muzolimine in plasma was 3.7 up to 10 h after its administration. The time-response curve of the increased urine excretion correlated well with the time course of the concentration of muzolimine in plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562448
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of valproic acid in man (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Valproic acid ; pharmacokinetics ; saliva concentration ; urinary excretion ; serum protein binding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) have been studied in 6 healthy subjects following a single 600 mg dose, and after multiple doses over 12 days (1200 mg daily) of enteric-coated sodium valproate. A time lag before absorption of 1 to 2 h was observed in each subject, and then absorption was rapid, peak concentrations being recorded 3 to 4 h after administration of the dose. The plasma level decline was biphasic with a terminal half-life of 15.9±2.6 h in the single dose and 17.3±3.0 h in the multiple dose experiments. There was no evidence of dose dependent kinetics or autoinduction. Total plasma clearance was 0.0064±0.0011 l/kg×h. The apparent volume of distribution was small at 0.15±0.2 l/kg. The mean steady state plasma concentration (Css) reached after 4 days was 81.3±13.0 µg/ml. Css observed was lower than Css predicted (99.2±14.7 µg/ml) from single dose kinetics (p〈0.001). The difference was probably due to a reduction in plasma protein binding at higher concentrations. VPA concentration in saliva was between 0.4 and 4.5% of the total plasma concentration and was not equal to the concentration of unbound drug in plasma (6.7±0.8% unbound). 3.2% of the dose was excreted in urine as the parent drug and 21.2% as conjugated metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00645133
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of exercise on the serum level and urinary excretion of tetracycline, doxycycline and sulphamethizole (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sulphamethizole ; tetracycline ; doxycycline ; rest ; exercise ; pharmacokinetics ; excretion ; absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The serum level and urinary excretion of sulphamethizole, tetracycline and doxycycline were studied in healthy volunteers subjected to intensive exercise and bed rest in a cross-over trial. Each group consisted of 7–8 subjects. The exercise or bed rest began 15 min before oral administration of the drug and was continued for the following 4 hours. During exercise serum drug concentration and the area under the serum concentration-time curve for each agent was significantly higher (p〈0.05) than the corresponding values at rest. Exercise greatly suppressed the renal excretion of tetracycline and doxycycline, but the decrease alone appeared insufficient to account for the pronounced increase in serum drug concentration. Total drug excretion in urine was unchanged. Thus, it seemed most unlikely that overall absorption from the gastrointestinal tract had been altered by exercise. However, the rate of absorption appeared to be more rapid in the exercise than in the rest period. Marked haemoconcentration was not produced by the exercise. In addition to changes in absorption and elimination rates, alteration in the volume of distribution might contribute to the higher serum drug concentration during exercise. Therefore, the level of physical activity should be considered in the interpretation of pharmacokinetic data both in clinical practice and in pharmacokinetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562453
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